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2G KPI Troubleshooting
2G KPI Troubleshooting
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
DCR (Retainability)
There are two types of call drops given below:
>Call drop over SDCCH: Indicating the call drop occurs in the
course during which BSC assigns a SDCCH to an MS but a TCH
has not been successfully assigned yet .
>Call drop over TCH: Indicating the call drop occurs after BSC
assigns a TCH to MS successfully.
The Channel currently occupied is of TCH type when BSC
sends a clear Request message to MSC.
The cause values for sending clear Request are as follows:
> Radio Interface Message Failure
>O&M Intervention
> Equipment Failure
>Protocol Error Between BSS and MSC
>Preemption
Causes of Drop Call:
>Coverage
>HO
>UPLINK /DOWNLINK CAUSED BY ANTENNA & FEEDER
SYSTEM
>Interference
>Transmission Failure
Coverage:
Discontinuous coverage (Blind area):
>Call drop is caused by isolated BTS. As the signal is of weak
strength and poor quality at the edge of an isolated BTS,
handover to other cells cannot be implemented, and thus call
drop occurs.
>If BTS lies in the place where the landform is intricate and
radio propagation environment is complicated (e.g., a
mountainous area), it may cause call drop owing to
discontinuous coverage.
Poor Indoor Coverage :
>In the place where many buildings are located, call drop
easily occurs due to high transmission attenuation, low
indoor level and great penetrate loss.
Beyond Coverage :
>Owing to some reasons, the coverage of a serving cell is
beyond the defined coverage. For example, the power in cell
A is so high that a MS still occupies the signals of cell A after it
moves out of the coverage of the adjacent cell B that has
been defined by cell A and reaches cell C.
>However, cell A has not defined cell C as an adjacent cell
yet, so at this time the MS cannot find a proper cell when it
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
_ _
+
+
+
+
+
+
Interference on Uplink/Downlink
Excessive TA
Incorrect/Not optimum Parameter settings for example
power regulation
Missing Ncells or Congestion in Ncells
MS or MS Battery problems
Subscriber Behavior
Antenna/Hardware or Transmission faults
Incorrect Installations
YES
NO
Check lost
handovers
Most dropped
Call during
HO?
Perform handover
analysis
YES
NO
Check site
position
YES
NO
HW
fault?
Bad parameter
setting?
YES
Correct parameter
setting
YES
NO
NO
Transmission
fault?
Perform link
investigation
YES
NO
Power regulation
used properly?
NO
Best server
exists?
Add site
NO
YES
YES
Power
balance?
NO
DTX
used?
NO
Introduce
DTX
YES
NO
Activate frequency
hopping
YES
Missing
neighbours?
YES
Run NCS
NO
YES
Perform interference
analysis
NO
NO
Low signal
strength
YES
Frequency
hopping
used?
The TCH Drop Call reasons has the following priority order:
>Excessive TA
RxQualDL> BADQDL
>Sudden loss of connection
Non radio-related
TCH Drop Call Optimization
Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons
for poor TCH Drop performance:
High timing
advance
Dragoon
site?
100
YES
Check antenna
installation
END
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
DCR (RETAINABILITY)
Causas:
>Low SS UL
>Low SS DL
>Sudden
>RxQual UL
>RxQual DL
>Others
RxQual UL:
Causas:
Una celda A radia e interfiere el rea de cobertura de una
celda B. Los MS conectados a la celda B estn interfiriendo a
los MS conectados en la celda A.
Checar:
TA - Time in advance
RxQual DL:
Causas:
Una BTS A radia e interfiere el rea de cobertura de una celda
B y la BTS A interfiere a los MS conectados a la BTS B.
Checar:
Cobertura de BTS A y B
TA Timing Advance
Asignacin de frecuencias
HCN
Asinacin de MAIO
HW Posible radio daado
Low SS UL:
Checar:
TA relacionado con problema en TMA. Observar grfica de
SS_DL y SS_UL si se mueve un valor de 12dB por lo tanto si es
TMA.
Low SS DL:
Checar:
HW - Antena daada
HW - VSWR con valor alto
HW - TRX daado
Sudden:
Checar: Problema relacionado directamente con HW
Others:
Checar:
Corrimientos en enlace
Transcoders de la BSC
HOFR (RETAINABILITY)
The formula for measuring HOFR (Optimi, Movistar) is:
=
ATT= HOVERCNT
SUCC=HOVERSUC
100
sum of HO attempts
sum of HO Successful
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
Unsuccessful Handovers
Check congestion
performance
TCH
congestion?
Add TCH
capacity
YES
YE
S
Check inter-MSC HO
performance
NO
_ _
HW
fault?
YE
S
Increase SAE
YES
NO
NO
YES
Remove incorrect
definitions
Transmission
fault?
YES
Add missing
relation
NO
Too many
neighbours?
Improve
transmission
YE
S
NO
NO
Missing
neighbours?
Remove unnecessary
relations
YES
NO
Too many
measurement
channels?
Check antenna
installation
Antenna connected to
wrong feeder?
YES
YE
S
Change feeder
NO
Incorrect
downtilt?
YE
S
Correct tilting
NO
Strange or corrupt
parameter setting?
YES
Correct parameters
Hided
antenna?
YE
S
Change antenna
position
YE
S
Correct installation
NO
NO
Bad antenna
installation?
NO
100
END
Delayed handover
YES
decision?
Check handover
parameters
ACCESSIBILITY
NO
YES
Introduce unused
features
NO
Check coverage
Check interference
Low SS on cell
border?
YES
Improve coverage
NO
NO
Bad
quality?
Call attempts
Start from: Successful random accesses
To: successful immediate SDCCH assignements
Finally: Successful assignement on TCH
YES
Paging process:
> Step-1
In response to an incoming call, the MSC initiates the paging
process by broadcasting a paging request message on the
paging sub channel (IMSI or TMSI of the MS and its Paging
Group) and starts timer T3113. A paging message consists
of the mobile identity (IMSI or TMSI) of the MS being paged
and its paging group number.
>Step-2
The BSC receives this page and processes the paging request
and schedules it for transmission on the PCH at appropriate
time.
>Step-3
The MS on its part will analyse the paging messages sent on
the paging sub channel corresponding to its paging group.
>Step-4
Upon receipt of a page at the MS, the MS responds by
transmitting a channel request on the RACH.
>Step-5
BSS in response to the received channel request, will
process it and immediately assign the MS a SDCCH
(immediate assignment / assignment reject; done over
AGCH).
>Step-6
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
RPSIG
NO _ TRH RPp
With more TRHs the paging capacity for the BSC decreases.
With more LACs within a BSC the paging capacity for the
BSC increases.
Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons
for poor Paging Performance:
Insufficient coverage
High interference
(2)
border
cell?
Yes
No
Low CRH
Hysterisis?
Yes
Increase CRH
No
Yes
Re-dimensioning LA
No
No TMSI Attach
/ Detach?
Yes
Activate
Short perodic
registration?
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
SDCCH
Congestion?
Paging
congestion?
Interference?
Yes
Plan more LA
Use TMSI paging
Yes
Activate
No
Implicit detach
after not periodic
registration not use?
No
END
Yes
Activate
Yes
Yes
No
Automatic
deregistration?
No
TMSI paging
not use?
No
SDCCH
Congestion?
Yes
Yes
No
Software File
Congestion?
TRXpTRH
_ CELLS
RPp=1
1 NONO
_ TRX NO _ LA
Bad LA
Demensioning?
No
(1)
END
Yes
Activate automatic
de-registration
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
SDCCH Congestion(Accessibility)
SDCCH Activities:
>Mobility Management
Periodic Registration
Connection Management
Call setup
Fax Setup
SDCCH Channel Allocation:
>Channel Configuration can be done as follow
SDCCH Dimensioning
TCH Congestion
SDCCH Availability
>The following recommendations will have a positive impact
on SDCCH congestion
Check HW availabilty
Low
availability?
YES
NO
Location area
border?
YES
YES
NO
TCH
Congestion?
YES
Add TCH
capacity
NO
Many SMS
messages?
YES
Redimension
SDCCH
NO
Check periodic
registration
Too frequent
registration?
YES
Change registration
interval timers
NO
E
E
Check channel configuration
Combined
SDCCH?
YES
Make channel
non-combined
NO
Is cell broadcast
used?
YES
NO
Short term
traffic growth?
YES
No activity
NO
YES
NO
Underdimensioned
SDCCH?
YES
Redimension
SDCCH
ACSTATE off?
NO
END
YES
Switch on
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
SDCCH Drops(Accessibility):
RANDOM ACCESS SUCCESS RATE (Accessibility):
Check drop
reason
100
Interference
TCH Congestion
Bad
quality?
YES
Check ICM
Check frequency Plan
Run MRR & FAS
Frequency scan
NO
Low
SS?
YES
Refer to Low SS
analysis flowchart.
NO
YES
High
TA?
NO
YES
TCH
Congestion ?
Check S_DR-S_NTC
Increase TCH or using
Radio Features, CLS, HCS
NO
HW
fault?
YES
Swap &
Repair HW
NO
= 1
100
B
B
YES
Transmission fault?
NO
Check MS fleet
Perform MTR/CTR/MRR
END
Perform link
investigation
IMSI Attach/Detach
Location Updates
Period Registration
>Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons
for high Random Access failure rate:
-High interference
-Lack of Coverage
-High Timing Advance
-Handover access burst mistaken as random access burst
-Non-optimized parameter settings
-Software Congestion (SAE)
Accessibility/Retainability
2G TROUBLESHOOTING
Not Approved Random Accesses
YES
Change BSIC or
frequency plan
NO
MAXTA too
low?
Increase
MAXTA
YES
NO
High located
site?
YES
Consider tilting or
lowering site
NO
Increase SAE
YES
NO
Check interference
YES
Reduce interference
NO
END
+
+
!"
"
+ #$ %&'"
+ #$ %&'"
+ #$$
( 100
+ #$$
outg(AB+AW)=SUMEOABSUCC+SUMEOAWSUCC+SUMOABSU
CC+SUMOAWSUCC
inc(AB+AW)=SUMEIABSUCC+SUMIAWSUCC+SUMIABSUCC+S
UMIAWSUCC
SUMEOABSUCC Sum of Successful External Assignment
Handovers to Better Cell (Outgoing Handover)
SUMEOAWSUCC Sum of Successful External Assignment
Handovers to Worse Cell (Outgoing Handover)
SUMOABSUCC Sum of Successful Internal Assignment
Handovers to Better Cell (Outgoing Handover)
SUMOAWSUCC Sum of Successful Internal Assignment
Handovers to Worse
Cell (Outgoing Handover)
Congestion Improvement
>Congestion can be improved by short, medium and long
term actions
>Medium and Long term:
Overlaid/Underlaid subcells
Cell Load Sharing (CLS)
AMR Half-rate (AHR)
Assignment to Worse Cell
Hierarchical Cell Structures (HCS)
Congestion
on TCH?
YES
Correct parameters
NO
YES
Low output
power?
YES
Corrupt parameter
setting?
NO
NO
HW
fault?
YES
YES
Dominant
server exists?
NO
Add
BTS
YES
Check Interference
NO
Disturbance
on SDCCH or
target TCH?
NO
END
YES