I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC KHOA HC X HI V NHN VN

KHOA NG PHNG NGNH C HC

----------

B mn:

A L DN C C
ti:

S PHN B CC TRANG TRI

CHN NUI CU C
GVBM: Nguyn Thu Cc
Nhm thc hin:
V Phng Ngn 1256110075
L Khit Vn 1256110158
Nguyn Th Minh Thy - 1256110123

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC KHOA HC X HI V NHN VN
KHOA NG PHNG NGNH C HC

----------

B mn:

A L DN C C
ti:

S PHN B CC TRANG TRI

CHN NUI CU C
GVBM: Nguyn Thu Cc
Nhm thc hin:
V Phng Ngn 1256110075
L Khit Vn 1256110158
Nguyn Th Minh Thy - 1256110123

PHN CNG
Tn
V Phng Ngn

L Khit Vn

Nguyn Th Minh Thy

MSSV

Phn cng nhim v

1256110075 Ni dung: cc mc phn

gii thch (II)
Trnh by bi tiu lun
1256110158 Ni dung:
- Phn phn b (I)
- Phn gii thch (II): mc
kh hu
Tng hp dn bi
1256110123 Ni dung:
- Phn gii thch (II): mc
kh hu.
- Phn kt lun (III)
Lm bi trnh chiu

Nhm t nh gi
8/10

8/10

8/10

MC LC
NI DUNG
Ni dung chnh
I.

TRANG
1

Phn b

1. Khi qut

2. Phn b theo tng vng

II.

Gii thch

1. a hnh

2. Kh hu

13

3. Vng sinh thi nng nghip

20

III.

Kt lun

Ti liu tham kho

21
22

NI DUNG CHNH
I.

Phn b
1. Khi qut:
c, cu c chn nui ly tht v len phn b hu ht cc
vng kh hu, t kh hu kh hn v bn kh hn ni a cho n nhng
ni c lng ma nhiu nh New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia v
Tasmania. Cc nng tri chn nui cu tp trung nhiu nht cc vng c
kh hu n i ng Nam c.

Hnh 1.1: S phn b s lng cu trn ton nc c (2011)

1

2. Phn b theo tng vng:

Nhn chung, nhng trang tri nui cu tp trung nhiu nht pha
Nam v ng Nam nc c m c th l New South Wales (chim 4 v tr
trong top 10), Ty c (chim 3 v tr trong top 10) v Victoria (chim 2 v
tr trong top 10).

Hnh 1.2: Bng xp hng v s lng cu c nui tng vng c (2011)

2

 New South Wales:

Cu ang c nui rng ri trn tt c cc vng ca New South

Wales, ngoi tr khu vc ven bin v sn ni ln cn. Mt cu ln nht
New South Wales phn b cc cao nguyn v cc vng sn ln cn do
khu vc ny c kh nng chn th tt cng vi kinh nghim dy dn ca
ngi dn trong cc lnh vc ny. Khu vc bao gm Crookwell, Boorowa
v Yass.

Victoria:
Vi nhng u i ca thin
nhin v t ai v kh hu,
hu ht cc vng trn Victoria
u c th nui cu c.
Glenelg Hopkins l ni tp
trung nhiu trang tri chn
nui cu nht (ng th 2 trn
ton nc c MLA 2011).

 Western Australia:

D l bang c din tch ln

nht nc c nhng cu
y ch c nui tp trung
nhng vng ven bin pha ty
nam nh South West, Avon,
South Coast.

South Australia:

Cng nh nhng bang

khc c, phn ln s
lng cu c chn
th cc ng c ven
bin.

 Queensland:
V kh hu v t ai khng c tt nh 3 bang nu trn nn cu

Queensland c nui ri rc nhiu ni m bo ngun thc n.

Tasmania:

V tr a l ng mt vai
tr quan trng vic duy tr
s lng cu Tasmania.
V nm vng n i nn
nhng n cu nui ly
lng pht trin cc tt.
5

Northern Territory:

Vi kh hu khc nghit v t ai kh
cn, vng lnh th pha bc rt kh pht
trin ngnh nng nghip chn nui cu.
Tng s lng cu trn ton vng ch
gn 2000 con.

II.

Gii thch
c c nhiu ging cu thch hp sng trong nhng iu kin kh hu
khc nhau. C nhng ging cu ch sng c kh hu n i nhng cng
c mt s loi cu chu c mc nhit nng hn vng nhit i. Tuy
nhin, iu kin sng thit yu nht ca tt c ging cu chnh l ngun
thc n t c. V vy, nhng vng nng tri chn nui cu phi l ni c
nhiu ng c vi gi tr dinh dng cao. Vic phn b nng tri chn nui
cu ph thuc ch yu vo iu kin a hnh v kh hu thun li cho s
pht trin ca ng c.

1. a hnh

Hnh 2.1.1: Bn a hnh nc c.

a. Theo khu vc
Khu vc cao nguyn pha ng:
Khu vc ny l di phn cch ln tri di theo hng Bc Nam, t
Cape York Peninsula, i qua Queensland, NSW v pha ng Victoria n
Tasmania. Di cao nguyn ny tng i thp vi nhng nh ni khim
tn nh Queensland (Ni Bartle Frere cao 1622m so vi mc nc bin),
New South Wales (Ni Kosciuszko cao 2228 m), Victoria (Ni Bogong cao
1986m) v Tasmania (Ni Ossa cao 1617 m). Vng t cao dc theo sn
ni New South Wales v Victoria l khu vc ph hp cho chn nui cu
9

ly len v y c nhng ng c tng i m t v nhit thp hn so

vi ng bng ven bin.
Ngoi ra, di phn cch ny cn c tc dng phn thy. Lng ma
t cao nguyn dc xung theo hai bn dy phn thy to thnh mng
li sng ngi dy c pha ng c cung cp nc v cht dinh dng
cho nhiu ng c.

Hnh 2.1.2: S phn b sng ngi c

Vng trng trung tm:

10

V tr thp nht l H Eyre (thp hn 15m so vi mc nc bin).

di phn pha Bc ca vng trng c mng li sng ngi quan trng chy
vo pha Bc Vnh Carpentaria v pha Nam H Eyre, l Great Artesian
Basin ni cung cp ngun nc cho vng ng c bn kh hn dnh cho
gia sc Ty Queensland, Ty New South Wales, pha ng Nam Northern
Territory v ng Bc South Australia.

Hnh 2.1.3: Mng li sng Great Artesian Basin

Bn bnh nguyn:
y l mt cao nguyn ln v thp pha Ty lc a. Ngoi nhng
khu vc nhiu ma (lng ma trung bnh mi nm trn 300mm v trn
600mm) Ty Nam ca Ty c thun li cho chn nui cu v trng la
m, th phn t cn li khng c dng cho sn xut nng nghip do
lng
ma
rt
thp.

b. Loi t
11

ng c pht trin tt nhng khu vc c loi t mang tnh kim,

trung ha, kt cu chc chn (nh chromosols, ferrosols, kurosols,
sodosols) tp trung cao nguyn pha ng, vng trng trung tm, Ty
Nam Western Australia. Nhng loi t ny kt hp vi m cao s rt
thun li cho vic pht trin ng c cho chn nui cu.

Hnh 2.2: S phn b cc loi t c.

12

t pha Nam, ng Nam v Ty Nam nc c cn c bi p

thng xuyn bi ph sa ca mng li sng dy c nn c nhiu cht
dinh dng cho c pht trin (hnh 2.3)

Hnh 2.3: S phn b cht dinh dng v ph sa t cc con sng c.

13

2. Kh hu
a. Lng ma:
Lng ma trung bnh c nm:

Hnh 2.2.1: Lng ma trung bnh trong nm c

- Pha Bc nc c c lng ma trung bnh trong nm nhiu nht v lng

ma tng dn t pha nam (trn 300mm) n pha bc (trn 1200mmm).
- Lng ma trung bnh trong nm khu vc pha ng v Ty Nam nc
c kh cao (trn 300mm), nht l vng ven bin pha ng v Tasmania
(trn 900mm).
- Vng lnh th trung tm v phn ln Ty c ni lin vi vng trung tm c
lng ma thp nht (di 300mm).
Ma h (thng 12 thng 2)
14

Hnh 2.2.2: S phn b lng ma trung bnh vo ma h c.

Nhn vo bn lng ma ca c vo ma h, ta c th thy rng

trong khong thi gian t thng 12 n thng 1, ma tp trung nhiu pha
Bc v ng Bc, nhiu nht l Darwin v Weipa vi 1200mm. vng
trung Nam v Ty Nam lng ma rt thp v t nht l Perth v
Geraldton vi lng ma ch dao ng t 10- 25mm. pha ng v ng
Nam th c lng ma kh cao (t 100-600mm).

Ma ng (thng 6 thng 8)

15

Vo ma ng, ngc li vi ma h th ma tp trung nhiu pha

Nam nc c, nhiu nht l Strahan ca Tasmania (1200mm). Pha Bc
gn nh khng c ma v vng trung tm ma rt t (25-50mm).

Hnh 2.2.3: S phn b lng ma trung bnh vo ma ng c.

Kt lun:
Nhn chung, Nam c hay c th l pha ng Nam (New South
Wales) c lng ma ln nht v u nht, quanh nm u c ma ch
khng ch tp trung trong 1, 2 thng nh pha Bc.
Nh thy trn bn phn b cu trong ton b nc c (hnh
1.1 v 1.2), cu tp trung nhiu pha ng Nam do cu thch hp pht
trin v tht hoc lng nhng vng c lng ma ln v u quanh nm
v cc ng c xanh s pht trin tt. Nhng vng cn li cu vn sng
c nhng cho sn lng thp, nu sng nhng vng c lng ma di
16

300mm/nm, n ch t 1-3 con, cn nhng ni c lng ma ln trn

500mm th c 5-7 con.

b. Nhit :
Nhit trung bnh nm:
Pha Bc c kh hu nhit i nn nhit trung bnh trong nm rt
cao (30-39C). Nhit thp dn v hng Nam v Tasmania c nhit
trung bnh nm thp nht (9-12C).

Hnh 2.2.4: Nhit trung bnh trong nm

Ma h (thng 12- thng 2)

17

Vo ma h, vng ni a ca c c nhit cao nht (dao ng t

35C n 42C). nng gim dn xung quan vng trung tm. Cc vng
ven bin pha Nam th mt m hn, c nhit t 21C n 27C.

Hnh 2.2.5: S phn b nhit trung bnh vo ma h c.

Ma ng (thng 6 thng 8)

18

Vo ma ng, nhit pha Bc vn cao hn pha Nam. Pha

ng Nam c nhit rt thp, lnh nht l Canberra (-3C). Nhit cao
nht l Weipa thuc ng Bc c (21C).

Hnh 2.2.6: S phn b nhit trung bnh vo ma ng c.

Kt lun:
Nhn chung khu vc ng Nam nc c c kh u n i mt m
ph hp cho chn nui cu, c bit l cu ly len. Trong khi , pha Bc
mang c trng kh hu nhit i do nm gn xch o nn nhit tng
i cao. Cn vng ni a trung tm c ch tuyn nam i qua nn kh hu
rt khc nghit, ma h rt oi bc, ma ng th lnh, khng ph hp cho
cu sinh sng.

c. Lng bc hi nc:

19

Hnh 2.2.7: S phn b lng bc hi nc trung bnh trong nm.

S bc hi nc c c lin quan cht ch vi lng ma v nhit
. Pha Bc tuy ma nhiu nhng ch tp trung vo ma h, cng vi nhit
cao v kh ko di nn lng hi nc trong t b bc hi nhiu, khin
t b mt i m. T , gy kh khn cho s pht trin ca cc ng c
nn cc trang tri chn nui cu phn b tha tht pha Bc. Ngc li,
ng Nam lng ma trung bnh nm t hn pha Bc nhng ma quanh
nm v nhit mt m nn t c m cho ngun thc n ca cu
pht trin.

20

3. Vng sinh thi nng nghip

S tng tc gia lng ma theo ma v nhit theo ma xc
nh khu sinh thi nng nghip chnh ca kh hu bn kh hn, n i v
nhit i ca c, cng nh s thch nghi ca cc loi c chnh v cc loi
gia sc nui trong tng khu vc.

Hnh 2.2.8.: Bn vng sinh thi nng nghip.

Nhng con cu cho len ph hp sng kh hu n i, cn mi
trng sng ca nhng loi cu c nui ly tht a dng hn v chng
c th sng vng kh hu n i v c nhit i. Ngoi ra, ng c
chn nui cu thng pht trin nhng ni c lng ma trung bnh nm
dao ng t 600mm n 1500mm v c nhit trung bnh nm t -5C
n 20C. iu kin kh hu mt m v m t, c s c m cao, em
21

li nhiu gi tr dinh dng cho cu. V vy, vng kh hu ph hp nht cho

chn nui cu l vng n i vi ma ng lnh v ma h m p.
Cc nng tri chn nui cu phn b tha tht vng nhit i pha
Bc do m rt thp v nhit cao. Khu vc ny cn c v tr nm xa th
trng, thiu c s h tng, l vng t cho ngi th dn v khai thc
khong sn.
Vng lnh th bn kh hn v kh hn th qu kh. Cn vng cao
nguyn n i m t c nhiu rng rm v dy ni cao him tr khng
thun tin cho chn nui cu.

III. Kt lun
Cc biu v phn tch trn cho thy s phn b ca cc trang tri
chn nui cu tp trung nhng ni c iu kin t nhin thch hp cho s
pht trin ca ng c, da trn cc yu t nh a hnh, nhit , m,
lng ma Tiu biu cho nhng ni tp trung nhiu cu phi k n New
South Wales, Victoria, South Australia v Tasmania. Nhng khu vc ny c
kh hu mt m, lng ma kh ng u cc thng trong nm to nn vng
sinh thi nng nghip ca kh hu n i c, thch hp cho chn nui c
cu ly len v ly tht. Ngoi ra, s dy dn trong kinh nghim chn nui
cu ca ngi dn khu vc ny cng gp phn vo s pht trin ca
ngnh. Nh nhng thun li trong iu kin t nhin v yu t con ngi
gip ngnh chn nui cu ngy cng pht trin, gi vai tr quan trng
i vi ngnh nng nghip v cng ngip ca nc c.

22

TI LIU THAM KHO

Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA)
(http://www.mla.com.au/Cattle-sheep-and-goat-industries/Industryoverview/Sheep).
Wikipedia
Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles: Australia (Edwin Wolfe)
(http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Australia/australia.htm)
Grasslands of the world: Chapter 9 Australian grasslands (John G. McIvor)
(http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y8344e/y8344e0g.htm#TopOfPage)

23