1. Gii h phng trnh (1) khi m = 3 .

I S

2. Tm m h phng trnh c nghim x =

CH 1:

3. Tm nghim ca h phng trnh (1) theo m.

CC BI TON V H PHNG TRNH

I. KIN THC CN NH :

ax by c , a 0 ( D )
Cho h phng trnh:
a ' x b ' y c ', a ' 0 ( D ')
a
b
H PT c nghim duy nht.
a' b'
a
b
c
H PT v nghim.

(D) // (D)
a' b' c'
a
b
c
H PT c v s nghim.

(D) (D)
a' b' c'
(D) ct (D)

x y 4
2x 3y m

Bi t p 4: Cho h phng trnh

(1)

1. Gii h phng trnh (1) khi m = 1.

x0
.
y0

2. Tm m h (1) c nghim (x; y) tha

2 x y 3m 1
3 x 2 y 2m 3

Bi t p 5: Cho h phng trnh

1. Gii h phng trnh khi m = 1.

x 1
.
y 6

2. Vi gi tr no ca m th h pt c nghim (x; y) tha

2mx y 5
mx 3 y 1

Bi tp 6: Cho h phng trnh :

II. BI TP VN DNG :

x y m
2 x my 0

Bi t p 1: Cho h phng trnh

x y k 2
2x 4 y 9 k

(1)

1. Gii h (1) khi k = 1.

2. Tm gi tr ca k h (1) c nghim l x = 8 v y = 7.
3. Tm nghim ca h (1) theo k.

mx 2 y 1
2x 3 y 1

Bi t p 3: Cho h phng trnh

(1)

1. Gii h (1) khi m = 1.

(1)

1. Gii h phng trnh (1) khi m = 1 .

2. Xc nh gi tr ca m :
a) x = 1 v y = 1 l nghim ca h (1).
b) H (1) v nghim.
3. Tm nghim ca h phng trnh (1) theo m.
4. Tm m h (1) c nghim (x, y) tha: x + y = 1.
Bi t p 2: Cho h phng trnh

1
2
v y = .
2
3

(1)

2. Xc nh gi tr ca m h (1):
a) C nghim duy nht v tm nghim duy nht theo m.
b) C nghim (x, y) tha: x y = 2.
mx 2 y m
( m l tham s) (I).
2 x y m 1
a) Khi m = 2, gii h phng trnh bng phng php cng.

Bi tp 7: Cho h phng trnh :

b) Tnh gi tr ca tham s m h phng trnh (I) c nghim

duy nht v tnh nghim duy nht theo m.

CH 2 :
V TH
TM TA GIAO IM CA (P): y = ax2 V (D): y = ax + b (a 0)
I. KIN THC CN NH :
1.Hm s y = ax2(a 0):
Hm s y = ax2(a 0) c nhng tnh cht sau:
Nu a > 0 th hm s ng bin khi x > 0 v nghch bin khi x < 0.
Nu a < 0 th hm s ng bin khi x < 0 v nghch bin khi x > 0.
th ca hm s y = ax2(a 0):
L mt Parabol (P) vi nh l gc ta 0 v nhn trc Oy lm
trc i xng.
Nu a > 0 th th nm pha trn trc honh. 0 l im thp nht
ca th.
Nu a < 0 th th nm pha di trc honh. 0 l im cao nht
ca th.
V th ca hm s y = ax2 (a 0):
Lp bng cc gi tr tng ng ca (P).
Da v bng gi tr v (P).
2. Tm giao im ca hai th :(P): y = ax2(a 0) v (D): y = ax + b:
L p phng trnh honh giao im ca (P) v (D): cho 2 v phi
ca 2 hm s bng nhau a v pt b c hai dang ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Gii pt honh giao im:
+ Nu > 0 pt c 2 nghi m phn bi t (D) ct (P) tai 2
im phn bi t.
+ Nu = 0 pt c nghi m kep (D) v (P) tip xuc nhau.
+ Nu < 0 pt v nghi m (D) v (P) khng giao nhau.
3. Xac nh s giao im ca hai th :(P): y = ax2(a 0) v (Dm) theo
tham s m:
L p PT honh giao im ca (P) v (Dm): cho 2 v phi ca 2
hm s bng nhau a v pt b c hai dang ax2 + bx + c = 0.
L p (ho c ' ) ca pt honh giao im.

Bi n lu n:
+ (Dm) ct (P) tai 2 im phn bi t khi > 0 gii bt pt tm m.
+ (Dm) tip xuc (P) tai 1 im = 0 gii pt tm m.
+ (Dm) v (P) khng giao nhau khi < 0 gii bt pt tm m.
II. BI TP VN DNG :
x2
c th (P) v y = -x + m c th (Dm).
2
1. Vi m = 4, v (P) v (D 4) trn cung m t h trc ta vung gc
Oxy. Xc nh ta cc giao im ca chung.
2. Xc nh gi tr ca m :
a) (Dm) ct (P) tai im c honh bng 1.
b) (Dm) ct (P) tai 2 im phn bit.
c) (Dm) tip xuc (P). Xc nh ta tip im.
Bi t p 2: Cho hai hm s y = 2x2 c th (P)
v y = 3x + m c th (Dm).
1. Khi m = 1, v (P) v (D 1) trn cung m t h trc ta vung
gc Oxy. Xc nh ta cc giao im ca chung.
2. Xc nh gi tr ca m :
1
a) (Dm) i qua mt im trn (P) tai im c honh bng .
2
b) (Dm) ct (P) tai 2 im phn bit.
c) (Dm) tip xuc (P). Xc nh ta tip im.
Bi t p 3: Cho hm s y = 2x2 c th (P).
1. V (P) trn mt h trc ta vung gc..
2
2. Gi A( ; 7 ) v B(2; 1).
3
a) Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
b) Xc nh ta cc giao im ca ng thng AB v (P).
3. Tm im trn (P) c tng honh v tung ca n bng 6.
3
Bi t p 4: Cho hm s y = x2 c th (P)
2
1
v y = 2x + c th (D).
2
1. V (P) v (D) trn cung mt h trc ta vung gc.
2. Xc nh ta cc giao im ca (P) v (D).
Bi t p 1: Cho hai hm s y =

Tm ta nhng im trn (P) tha tnh cht tng honh v tung

ca im bng 4.
2
5
Bi t p
5: Cho hm s y = x2 c th (P) v y = x + c th (D).
3
3
1. V (P) v (D) trn cung mt h trc ta vung gc.
2. Xc nh ta cc giao im ca (P) v (D).
x A xB
3. Gi A l im (P) v B l im (D) sao cho
.
11y A 8 yB
Xc nh ta ca A v B.
Bi t p 6: Trong mt phng ta vung gc Oxy, cho hai im A(1; 2) v
B(2; 3).
1. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua A, B.
2. Gi (P) l th ca hm s y = 2x2.
a) V (P) trn mt phng ta cho.
b) Xc nh ta cc giao im ca (P) v (d).
Bi t p 7:
1. V th (P) ca hm s y = 2x2 trn mt phng ta vung
gc Oxy. Gi (D) l ng thng i qua im A(2; 1) v c h
s gc k.
2. Vit phng trnh ng thng (D).
3. Tm k (D) i qua B nm trn (P) bit honh ca B l 1.
Bi tp 8: Cho hai hm s y = x2 c th (P) v y = x + 2 c th (D).
1. V (P) v (D) trn cung mt h trc ta vung gc Oxy. Xc
nh ta cc giao im ca chung.
2. Gi A l im thuc (D) c honh bng 5 v B l im thuc
(P) c honh bng 2. Xc nh ta ca A, B.
3. Tm ta ca im I nm trn trc Oy sao cho IA + IB nh nht.
Bi tp 9: Cho hm s y = x2 c th (P) v y = x 2 c th (D).
1. V (P) v(D) trn cung mt h trc ta vung gc. Xc nh
ta giao im ca (P) v (D) bng phng php ai s.
2. Gi A l mt im thuc (D) c tung bng 1 v B l mt im
thuc (P) c honh bng 1. Xc nh ta ca A v B.
3. Tm ta ca im M thuc trc honh sao cho MA + MB nh
nht.
Bi tp 10: Cho (P): y = x2 v (D): y = x + 2.
1. V (P) v (D) trn cung mt h trc ta vung gc Oxy. Gi A
v B l cc giao im ca (P) v (D), xc nh ta ca A, B.

2. Tnh din tch tam gic AOB (n v o trn trc s l cm).

3. CMR: Tam gic AOB l tam gic vung.
CH 3 :
CC BI TON V PHNG TRNH BC HAI
I. KIN THC CN NH :
1. Gii phng trnh bc hai dng ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) (1)
a) Nhm nghim:
x1 1

a + b + c = 0 pt (1) c 2 nghim:
c.
x2
a

x1 1

a b + c = 0 pt (1) c 2 nghim:
c.
x2
a

b) Gii vi ' :
b
Nu b = 2b b = ' = (b)2 ac.
2

Nu ' > 0
phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit:
b' '
b' '
; x2
x1
a
a
b'
Nu ' = 0 phng trnh c nghim kep: x1 x2
.
a
Nu ' < 0 phng trnh v nghim.
c) Gii vi :
Tnh : = b2 4ac.
Nu > 0 phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit:
b
b
; x2
x1
2a
2a
b
Nu = 0 phng trnh c nghim kep: x1 x2
.
2a
Nu < 0 phng trnh v nghim.

2. Chng minh phng trnh bc hai lun c hai nghim phn bit vi
mi gia tr ca tham s m:
Phng php gii:
Lp bit thc (hoc ' ).
Bin i a v dang : = (A B)2 + c > 0, m (vi c l
mt s dng)
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh cho lun c hai nghim phn
bit vi mi gi tr ca tham s m.
3. Chng minh phng trnh bc hai lun c nghim vi mi gia tr ca
tham s m:
Phng php gii:
Lp bit thc (hoc ' ).
Bin i a v dang : = (A B)2 0, m.
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh cho lun c nghim vi mi
gi tr ca tham s m.
4. Bin lun phng trnh bc hai theo tham s m:
Phng php gii:
Lp bit thc (hoc ' ).
Bin lun:
+ Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit khi: ' > 0 gii bt
pt tm tham s m kt lun.
+ Phng trnh c nghim kep khi ' = 0 gii pt tm tham
s m kt lun.
+ Phng trnh v nghim khi ' < 0 gii bt pt tm tham
s m kt lun.
+ Phng trnh c nghim khi ' 0 gii bt pt tm tham
s m kt lun.
Ch :
Phng trnh c 2 nghim tri du khi: a.c < 0
gii bt pt tm tham s m kt lun.
5. Xac nh gia tr nh nht ca biu thc:
Phng php gii:
a biu thc P cn tm v dng: P = (A B)2 + c
P = (A B)2 + c c.
Gi tr nh nht ca P l Pmin = c khi A B = 0

gii pt tm tham s m kt lun.

6. Xac nh gia tr ln nht ca biu thc:
Phng php gii:
a biu thc Q cn tm v dng: Q = c (A B)2
Q = c (A B)2 c
Gi tr nh nht ca Q l Qmax = c khi A B = 0
gii pt tm tham s m kt lun.
7. H thc Vi t v ng dng :
a) nh l Vi t:
Nu x1, x2 l 2 nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0)
b

S x1 x2 a
th ta c:
.
P xx c
1 2

a
b) nh l o:
u v S
u, v l 2 nghim ca phng trnh x2 Sx + P = 0
Nu
uv
.

(K: S2 4P 0).
* Mt s h thc khi ap dng h thc Vi-t:
2
2
2
Tng bnh phng cc nghim: x1 x2 (x1 x2 ) 2x1x2
1 1 x1 x2

Tng nghch o cc nghim:

.
x1 x2
x1x2

x12 x22
1
1
Tng nghch o bnh phng cc nghim : 2 2
.
x1
x2 (x1x2 )2

2
2
Bnh phng ca hiu cc nghim: (x1 x2 ) (x1 x2 ) 4x1x2

3
3
3
Tng lp phng cc nghim: x1 x2 (x1 x2 ) 3x1x2 (x1 x2 )

V d 1: Cho phng trnh x2 12x + 35 = 0 (1). Hy tnh gi tr ca cc biu

thc sau:
1 1
2
2
2
3
3
a) x1 x2 .
b) .
c) (x1 x2 )
d) x1 x2
x1 x2
Gii:
Phng trnh c ' = 1 > 0 pt c 2 nghim

b 2m 1
S x1 x2 a
2S 2m 1
2

2P m 1
P x x c m 1
1 2

a
2
2S 2m 1

2S + 4P = 1 2(x1 + x2) + 4x1x2 = 1

4P 2m 2

b
x1 x2 a 12

p dng h thc Vi-et cho pt (1):

x x c 35
1 2 a
2
2
2
a) x1 x2 (x1 x2 ) 2x1x2 = 122 2.35 = 74.
1 1 x1 x2
12

b)
=
.
x1 x2
x1x2
35

c) (x1 x2 ) (x1 x2 ) 4x1x2 = 122 4.35 = 4.

2

3
3
3
d) x1 x2 (x1 x2 ) 3x1x2 (x1 x2 ) = 123 3.35.12 = 468.

8.Tm h thc gia hai nghim c lp i vi tham s:

(Tm h thc lin h gia 2 nghim x1, x2 khng ph thuc vo tham s).
Phng php gii:
Tm iu kin phng trnh cho c nghim :
' 0 ; 0 hoc a.c < 0
b

S x1 x2 a
Lp h thc Vi-et cho phng trnh
.
P xx c
1 2

a
Kh tham s (bng phng php cng ai s) tm h thc lin
h gia S v P l h thc c lp vi tham s.
V d 2: Cho phng trnh 2x2 + (2m 1)x + m 1 = 0 (1) (m l tham s).
1. CMR: Phng trnh (1) lun c nghim vi mi m.
2. Gi x1, x2 l 2 nghim ca pt (1). Tm h thc lin h gia 2
nghim khng ph thuc vo m.
Gii:
1. Phng trnh (1) c:
= b2 4ac = (2m 1)2 4.2.(m 1)
= 4m2 12m + 9 = (2m 3)2 0, m.
Vy phng trnh (1) lun c nghim vi mi m.
2. p dng h thc Vi-et cho phng trnh (1):

9. Tm hai s khi bit tng v tch ca chng Lp phng trnh bc hai

khi bit hai nghim ca n:
Phng php gii:
u v S
Nu 2 s u v v m
. P
uv
u, v l hai nghim ca phng trnh: x2 Sx + P = 0 (*).
Gii pt (*):
+ Nu > 0 (hoc ' > 0) pt (*) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2.
u x1
u x2
Vy
hoc
.
v x2
v x1
b'
+ Nu = 0 (hoc ' = 0) pt (*) c nghim kep x1 = x2 = .
a
b'
Vy u = v = .
a
+ Nu < 0 (hoc ' < 0) pt (*) v nghim. Vy khng c 2 s
u, v tha bi.
V d 3: Tm 2 s u,v bit u + v = 11 v u.v = 28
Gii:
Theo bi ta c u, v l hai nghim ca phng trnh: x 2 Sx + P = 0
x2 11x + 28 = 0(*)
x1 7
Phng trnh (*) c = 9 > 0 3
.
x2 4
u 7
u 4
Vy:
hay
v 4
v 7
V d 4 : Cho hai s a =
hai nghim l a v b.

3 +1 v b = 3

3 . Lp phng trnh bc hai c

Gii:
Ta c : S = a + b = ( 3 +1) + (3 3 ) = 4.
v P = a.b = ( 3 +1). (3 3 ) = 2 3 .
Suy ra: a, b l 2 nghim ca phng trnh:
x2 Sx + P = 0
x2 4x + 2 3 = 0 : y l phng trnh cn tm.
10. Tnh gia tr ca biu thc c cha nghim x1, x2 :
Phng php gii:
Tnh (hoc ' ),
Tnh x1 + x2 v x1.x2
Bin i biu thc c cha nghim cho v biu thc c cha tng
x1 + x2 v tch x1.x2
Thay gi tr ca tng x1 + x2 v tch x1.x2.
Tnh gi tr ca biu thc Kt qu.
11. Tnh gia tr ca tham s ca phng trnh phng trnh c nghim
x1, x2 tha mn h thc c cha nghim x1, x2 :
Phng php gii:
Tm iu kin ca tham s m phng trnh c hai nghim x1, x2.
T h thc c cha nghim cho, p dng Vi et ta c phng
trnh n l m.
Gii phng trnh n m ta c gi tr ca m.
i chiu vi iu kin ca tham s Tr li.
II. BI TP VN DNG :
Bi tp 1: Cho phng trnh 2x2 3x + 1 = 0 (1). Khng gii ph/trnh (1)
Hy tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc :
1 x1 1 x2

1. A
x1
x2
2. B
3. C

x1
x
2
x2 1 x1 1
6x12 10x1x2 6x22
5x1x23 5x13x2

Bi tp 2: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 2mx + 2m = 0 (1).

1. CMR: Phng trnh (1) lun c nghim vi mi m.

2. Tm m sao cho 2(x12 + x22) 5x1x2 = 27.
3. Tm m sao cho ph/ trnh (1) c nghim x1, x2 tha mn x1 = 2x2.
Bi tp 3: Cho phng trnh x2 + 3x + m = 0 (m l tham s) (1)
1. Tm m phng trnh (1) c nghim .
2. Tm m sao cho phng trnh (1) c nghim x1, x2 tha mn h
thc 3x1 + 2x2 = 1
Bi tp 4: Cho phng trnh x2 2(m 1)x + 2m 3 = 0 (m l tham s) (1)
1. Gii phng trnh (1) khi m = 5.
2. CMR: phng trnh (1) lun c nghim vi mi m.
3. Trong trng hp (1) c hai nghim ph/bit.Thit lp h thc lin
h gia x1, x2 c lp vi m.
4. Tm m phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du.
Bi tp 5: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 2(m 1)x + m2 = 0 (1).
1. Tm m :
a) Phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit.
b) Phng trnh (1) c mt nghim l 2.
2. Gi s x1, x2 l 2 nghim ca pt (1).
CMR: (x1 x2)2 + 4(x1 + x2) + 4 = 0.
Bi tp 6: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 2(m + 1)x + m 4 = 0 (1).
1. Gii phng trnh (1) khi m = 2.
2. CMR: m, phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim phn bit
3. Gi x1, x2 l hai nghim ca pt (1). Chng minh biu thc:
A = x1(1 x2) + x2(1 x1) khng ph thuc vo m.
Bi tp 7: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 2(m + 1)x + 2m 4 = 0 (1).
1.
Gii phng trnh (1) khi m = 2.
2.
CMR: Vi mi m, phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim
phn bit.
2
2
3.
Gi x1, x2 l hai nghim ca (1). Tnh A = x1 x2 theo m.
4.
Tm gi tr ca m A at gi tr nh nht.
Bi tp 8: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 (m 1)x + 2m 7 = 0 (1).
1. Gii phng trnh (1) khi m = 1.
2. CMR: Vi mi m, phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim phn bit.
3. Tm m phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du.
4. Thit lp h thc gia 2 nghim x1, x2 khng ph thuc v m.

2
2
5. Tm m x1 x2 = 10.

Bi tp 9: Cho phng trnh bc hai x2 + 2x + 4m + 1 = 0 (1).

1. Gii phng trnh (1) khi m = 1.
2. Tm m :
a) Phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit.
b) Phng trnh (1) c nghim kep v tnh nghim kep .
c) Phng trnh (1) c hai nghim tri du.
d) Tng bnh phng cc nghim ca pt (1) bng 11.
Bi tp 10: Cho PT : x2 4x m2 3m = 0 (m l tham s) (1).
1. CMR: phng trnh (1) lun c nghim vi mi m.
2. Tm m phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit tha mn h
thc 4(x1 + x2) = x12 + x22.
3. Hy lp phng trnh bc hai c hai nghim y1 ; y2 tha mn iu
y1
y
2 3.
kin y1 + y2 = x1 + x2 v
1 y2 1 y1
CH 4:
GII BI TON
BNG CCH LP H PHNG TRNH LP PHNG TRNH
I. KIN THC CN NH :
Cc bc gii:
1. Lp phng trnh ( hoc h phng trnh):
Chn n s v xc nh iu kin thch hp cho n;
Biu din cc ai lng cha bit theo n v qua cc ai
lng bit ;
Lp phng trnh ( hoc h phng trnh) biu th mi
quan h gia cc ai lng
2. Gii phng trnh ( hoc h phng trnh) va lp c.
3. Tr li: Ch nhn nghim tha K v tr li yu cu ca bi.

II. BI TP VN DNG :
Bi t p1: Tm s t nhin c hai ch s, bit rng ch s hng chc ln hn
ch s hng n v l 2 v nu vit thm ch s bng ch s hng chc vo
bn phi th c mt s ln hn s ban u l 682.
Bi tp 2: C hai s t nhin, bit rng: tng ca hai s bng 59; hai ln s
ny be hn ba ln s kia l 7. Tm hai s .
Bi tp 3: Gii bi ton sau bng cch lp phng trnh: Cho mt s t nhin
hai ch s. Tng ca hai ch s ca n bng 10; tch hai ch s y nh hn
s cho l 12. Tm s cho.
Bi tp 4: Mt hnh ch nht c chu vi l 280m. Nu gim chiu di ca hnh
ch nht 2m v tng chiu rng thm 3m th din tch ca n tng thm
144m2. Tnh cc kch thc ca hnh ch nht.
Bi tp 5: Mt khu vn hnh ch nht c chu vi l 320m. Nu chiu di ca
khu vn tng 10m v chiu rng gim 5m th din tch ca n tng thm
50m2. Tnh din tch ca khu vn ban u.
Bi tp 7: Mt sn trng hnh ch nht c chu vi l 340m. Ba ln chiu di
hn 4 ln chiu rng l 20m. Tnh din tch ca sn trng.
Bi tp 8: Cho mt tam gic vung. Nu tng cc canh gc vung ln 4cm
v 5cm th din tch tam gic s tng thm 110cm 2. Nu gim c hai canh ny
i 5cm th din tch s gim i 100cm2. Tnh hai canh gc vung ca tam
gic.
Bi tp 9: Cho tam gic vung c canh huyn bng 5cm, din tch bng
6cm2. Tm di cc canh gc vung.
Bi tp 10: Hai vi nc cung chy vo mt ci b khng c nc trong 4
gi 48 phut s y b. Nu m vi th nht trong 3 gi v vi th hai trong 4
3
gi th c
b nc. Hi mi vi chy mt mnh trong bao lu th mi
4
y b?
Bi tp11: Hai vi nc cung chy vo mt ci b khng c nc trong 1
gi 20 phut th y b. Nu vi th nht chy mt mnh trong 10 phut v

2
th tch ca b
15
nc. Hi mi vi chy mt mnh trong bao lu s y b?
vi th hai chy mt mnh trong 12 phut th ch c

Bi tp 12: Hai vi nc cung chy vo mt ci b can (khng c nc) th

4
sau 4 gi y b. Nu luc u ch m vi th nht v 9 gi sau mi m
5
6
thm vi th hai th sau gi na mi b nc. Hi nu ngay t u ch m
5
vi th hai th sau bao lu mi y b?
Bi tp13: Hai vi nc cung chy vo mt b can cha c nc th sau 18
gi y b. Nu chy ring th vi th nht s chy y b chm hn vi th
hai 27 gi. Hi nu chy ring th mi vi mt bao lu mi chy y b?
Bi tp 14: Hai tnh A v B cch nhau 90 km. Hai m t khi hnh ng
thi, xe th nht t A v xe th hai t B i ngc chiu nhau. Sau 1 gi
chung gp nhau. Tip tc i, xe th hai ti A trc xe th nht ti B l 27
phut. Tnh vn tc mi xe.
Bi tp 15: Hai tnh A v B cch nhau 110 km. Hai m t khi hnh ng
thi, xe th nht t A v xe th hai t B i ngc chiu nhau. Sau 2 gi
chung
nhau.
Tip
gpn.tie
tc i, xe th hai ti A trc xe th nht ti B l 44
BAC
p cha
n BC
phut. Tnh vn tc mi xe.

EDF
n.tie
p cha
n EF

BAC
EDF

BAC
n.tie
p cha
n BC

BAC BDC
BDC n.tie

p cha
n BC

BAC
n.tie
p cha
n BC

EDF
n.tie
p cha
n EF
EF

BC

BAC EDF

HNH HC
I. KIN THC CN NH :

nh ngha nh l H qu
1. Gc tm:
(O,R) c: AOB tm chn
AmB
AOB = s
AmB
2. Gc ni tip:
* nh l:

(O,R) c: BAC
ni tip chn BC
1

BAC
= s BC
.
2

* H qu:
a) (O,R) c:

b) (O,R) c:

Hnh v

c) (O,R) c:

BAC
n.tiep chan BC
1

BAC BOC

2
BOC
tam chan BC

d) (O,R) c:
1

s AD
ni
BEC
= (sBC
)
tip
chn
na ng
BAC
2
trn ng knh BC

= 900.
BAC
3. Gc to bi tia tip tuyn v
dy cung:
* nh l:
(O,R) c:

to bi tia tip tuyn v dy

BAx

5. Gc c nh bn ngoi
ng trn:
nh l:
(O,R) c:

l gc c nh bn ngoi
BEC
ng trn (O).

6. Cung cha gc:

* Tp hp cc im cng nhn
on thng AB di mt gc
khng i l hai cung trn cha
gc .

cung chn AB BAx

= s AB .
2

* H qu:
(O,R) c:

Ax l gc to bi tip tuyn v dy
B
AB chn cung AB.

l gc ni tip chn cung AB.

BCA

BAx=
BCA

4. Gc c nh bn trong
ng trn:
nh l:
(O,R) c:

l gc c nh bn trong
BEC
ng trn (O).
1

s AD
)
BEC
= (sBC
2

* c bit:
a) ADB AEB AFB cng nhn
on AB A, B, D, E, F cng
thuc mt ng trn.

b) ACB
ADB
AEB AFB 900
A, B, C, D, E, F thuc mt
ng trn ng knh AB.

7. T giac ni tip:
* nh ngha:
T gic ABCD c A,B,C,D (O)
ABCD l t gic ni tip (O).

* nh l:
T gic ABCD ni tip (O)
1800

A C

D
180 0
B

cch u mt im ( m ta c th xc
nh c). im l tm ng
trn ngoi tip t gic.
Du hiu 4: T gic c hai nh k
nhau cng nhn cnh cha hai nh
cn li di mt gc (an-pha) th
ni tip c trong mt ng trn.

8. di ng trn, cung trn:

* Chu vi ng trn:
C = 2 R = d

*
trn

* nh l o:
* T gic ABCD c:
A C
1800
ABCD l t gic ni tip
Hoc:
D
1800
B
ABCD l t gic ni tip
*Du hiu nhn bit t giac ni
tip:
Du hiu 1: Nu mt t gic c tng
s o hai gc i bng 1800 th t
gic ni tip c trong mt
ng trn.
Du hiu 2: T gic c gc ngoi ti
mt nh bng gc trong ti nh i
ca nh th ni tip c trong
mt ng trn.

Du hiu 3: T gic c 4 nh

l AB

Rn

180

di
cung
:

9. Din tch hnh trn, hnh qut

trn:
* Din tch hnh trn:
S R2

d2
4

* Din tch hnh qut trn:

S quatOAB

R 2n
360

* Din tch hnh vin phn:

Svin phnAB = SquatOAB - SOAB

II. BI TP VN DNG :
Bi 1: Cho ABC c ba gc nhn ni tip ng trn tm O bn knh R..
Cc phn gic ca cc gc ABC , ACB ln lt ct ng trn tai E, F.
a) CMR: OF AB v OE AC.
b) Gi M l giao im ca ca OF v AB; N l giao im ca OE v AC.
c) CMR: T gic AMON ni tip v tnh din tch hnh trn ngoai tip
t gic ny.
d) Gi I l giao im ca BE v CF; D l im i xng ca I qua BC.
CMR: ID MN.

e) CMR: Nu D nm trn (O) th BAC

= 600.
.
Bi 2: Cho hnh vung ABCD c canh bng a. Gi M l im trn canh BC
v N l im trn canh CD sao cho BM = CN. Cc oan thng AM v BN ct
nhau tai H.
a) CMR: Cc t gic AHND v MHNC l nhng t gic ni tip.
a
b) Khi BM = . Tnh din tch h.trn ngoai tip t gic AHND theo a.
4
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca di oan MN theo a.
Bi 3: Cho ABC c ba gc nhn ni tip ng trn tm O. ng cao
BH v CK ln lt ct (O) tai E v F.
a) CMR: T gic BKHC ni tip.
b) CMR: OA EF v EF // HK.
c) Khi ABC l tam gic u c canh bng a. Tnh din tch hnh vin
phn chn cung nh BC ca (O).
Bi 4: Cho hnh vung ABCD c canh bng a. Gi E l mt im bt k trn
canh BC. Qua B v ng thng vung gc vi tia DE tai H, ng thng
ny ct tia DC tai F.
a) CMR: Nm im A, B, H, C, D cung nm trn mt ng trn.

b) CMR: DE.HE = BE.CE.

c) Tnh di oan thng DH theo a khi E l trung im ca BC.

d) CMR: HC l tia phn gic ca DHF

.
Bi 5: Mt hnh vung ABCD ni tip trong ng trn Tm O bn knh R .
Mt im M di ng trn cung ABC , M khng trung vi A,B v C, MD ct
AC tai H.
a) CMR:T gic MBOH ni tip c trong .trn v DH.DM = 2R2 .
b) CMR: MD.MH = MA.MC.
c) MDC v MAH bng nhau khi M mt v tr c bit M. Xc
nh im M. Khi MD ct AC tai H. ng thng qua M v
vung gc vi AC ct AC tai I. Chng minh rng I l trung im ca
HC .
Bi 6: Cho hai ng trn (O; 20cm) v (O; 15cm) ct nhau tai A v B. Bit
AB = 24cm v O v O nm v hai pha so vi dy chung AB. V ng knh
AC ca ng trn (O) v ng knh AD ca ng trn (O).
a) CMR: Ba im C, B, D thng hng.
b) Tnh di oan OO.
c) Gi EF l tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn (O) v (O) (E, F l cc
tip im). CMR: ng thng AB i qua trung im ca oan
thng EF.
Bi 7: Cho na ng trn tm O ng knh AB = 2R. T A v B ln lt
k hai tip tuyn Ax v By vi na ng trn. Qua im M thuc na
ng trn (M khc A v B) k tip tuyn th ba ct cc tip tuyn Ax v By
ln lt tai C v D.
1. CMR:
a) T gic AOMC ni tip.

b) CD = CA + DB v COD
= 900.
c) AC. BD = R2.

2. Khi BAM
= 600. Chng t BDM l tam gic u v tnh din tch
ca hnh quat trn chn cung MB ca na ng trn cho theo R.
Bi 8: T im M ngoi ng trn (O) v ct tuyn MCD khng i qua
tm O v hai tip tuyn MA v MB n ng trn (O), y A, B l cc
tip im v C nm gia M, D.
a) CMR: MA2 = MC. MD.

b) Gi I l trung im ca CD. CMR: 5 im M, A, O, I, B cung nm

trn mt ng trn.
c) Gi H l giao im ca AB v MO. CMR: T gic CHOD ni tip

c ng trn. Suy ra AB l phn gic ca CHD

.
d) Gi K l giao im ca cc tip tuyn tai C v D ca ng trn (O).
CMR: 3 im A, B, K thng hng.

HNG DN GII P S :
CH 1:
CC BI TON V H PHNG TRNH
Bi t p 1:
HD: 1. Khi m = 1, h (1) c nghim x = 1; y = 2.
2a) H (1) c nghim x = 1 v y = 1 khi m = 2.

Bi 9: Cho hnh vung canh a , ly im M bt k thuc canh BC (M khc

B,C). Qua B k ng thng vung gc vi ng thng DM tai H, keo di
BH ct ng thng DC tai K.
a) Chng minh: BHCD l t gic ni tip.
b) Chng minh: KM DB.
c) Chng minh: KC . KD = KH . KB.
d) K hiu SABM , SDCM l din tch ca tam gic ABM, tam gic DCM.
CMR: (SABM + SDCM ) khng i. Xc nh v tr ca M trn BC
S2ABM + S2DCM at gi tr nh nht. Tm gi tr nh nht theo a.
Bi 10: Cho im A ngoi ng trn (O, R). Gi AB, AC l hai tip tuyn
ca ng trn (B v C l hai tip im). T A v mt tia ct ng trn tai E
v F (E nm gia A v F).
a) CMR: AEC v ACF ng dang. Suy ra AC2 = AE. AF.
b) Gi I l trung im ca EF. Chng minh 5 im A, B, O, I, C cung
nm trn mt ng trn.
c) T E v ng thng vung gc vi OB ct BC tai M. Chng minh t
gic EMIC ni tip c trong ng trn. Suy ra t gic MIFB l
hnh thang.
d) Gi s cho OA = R 2 . Tnh theo R phn din tch t gic ABOC
nm ngoi hnh trn (O).

2b) H (1) v nghim khi:

1
1
m
a
b
c

.
2 m
0
a' b' c'

1
1

2 m
m 2

m = 2: H (1) v nghim.
m

0
1
m

2
0
2m
m2
3. H (1) c nghim: x =
;y=
.
m2
m2
2m
m2

4. H (1) c nghim (x, y) tha: x + y = 1

+
=1
m2
m2
m2 + m 2 = 0
m 1(tho
a K conghie
m)

ngtho
a K co
ngh
m 2(kho
.
Vy khi m = 1, h( 1 c nghim (x,y) tha: x + y = 1.
Bi t p 2:
HD: 1. Khi k = 1, h (1) c nghim x = 2; y = 1.
2. H (1) c nghim x = 8 v y = 7 khi k = 3 .

3. H (1) c nghim: x =

5k 1
5 3k
;y=
.
2
2

Bi t p 3:
HD:

1
5
;y=
.
13
13
1
2
2
2a) H (1) c nghim x = v y =
khi m = .
2
3
3

1. Khi m = 3, h (1) c nghim x =

2b) H (1) v nghim khi: m = 2.

3. H (1) c nghim: x =

1
m2
;y=
.
3m 4
3m 4

Bi t p 4:
HD: 1. Khi m = 1, h(1) c nghim: x = 13 v y = 9.
2. Tm:
Nghim ca h (1) theo m: x = 12 m ; y = m 8 .

x0
12 m 0
m 12


y0
m 8 0
m 8

Theo bi:

m < 8.
Bi t p 5:
HD: 1. Khi m = 1 , h pt c nghim: x = 1 v y = 4.
2. Tm:
Nghim ca h (1) theo m: x = 4m + 5 ; y = 9 5m .

x 1
m 1

3< m < 1.
y 6
m 3

Theo bi:

Bi tp 6:
HD:

1. Khi m = 1, h (1) c nghim: x = 2 ; y = 1.

2a) Khi m 0, h (1) c nghim:

y1

2
m

2
Mt khc: M(xM; yM) (P) yM = 2 xM

2
2b) m = .
3
Bi tp 7:
HD:

a) Khi m = 2, h (I) c nghim: x =

2
1
;y= .
3
3

b) H (I) c nghim duy nht khi m 4.

3m 2
m 2 3m
y

;
m4
m4
CH 2 :
V TH
TM TA GIAO IM CA (P): y = ax2 V (D): y = ax + b (a 0)
Khi h(I) c nghim duy nht: x

Bi t p 1:
HD: 1. Ta giao im: (2 ; 2) v ( 4 ; 8).
3
2a). m = .
2
1
2b) ' = 1 + 2m > 0 m .
2
1
1
2c) m = ta tip im (-1 ; ).
2
2
Bi t p 2:
1
1
HD: 1. Ta giao im: ( ; ;) v (1 ; 2).
2
2
2a). m = 2.
9
2b) m < .
8
9
3
9
ta tip im ( ; ).
2c) m =
8
4
8
Bi t p 3:
HD: 2a). ng thng AB c phng trnh y = = 3x 5.
5
25
2b). Ta giao im: (1; 2) v ( ;
).
2
2
3. Gi M(xM; yM) l im trn (P) tha bi, ta c: xM + yM = 6.

2
nn: xM + yM = 6 xM + ( 2 xM ) = 6
2 xM2 + xM + 6 = 0
x1 2 y1 8

.
x2 3 y 2 9

2
2
3 9
Vy c 2 im tha bi: M1(2; 8 ) v M2( ; ).
2
2
Bi t p 4:
1
1
3
HD: 2. Ta giao im: ( ; ) v (1 ; ).
3
6
2

3. Gi M(xM; yM) l im trn (P) tha bi, ta c: xM + yM = 4.

Mt khc: M(xM; yM) (P) yM =

3 2
xM ) = 4
2

3 2
xM + xM + 4 = 0
2
4
8
x1 y1
3
3 .
x2 2 y2 6

4 8
Vy c 2 im tha bi: M1( ; ) v M2(2; 6).
3 3
Bi t p 5:
2
5 25
HD: 2. Ta giao im: ( 1 ; ) v ( ;
).
3
2 6
3. t xA = xB = t.
2 2 2
A(xA; yA) (P) yA = x A = t2.
3
3
5
5
B(xB; yB) (D) yB = xB + = t +
3
3
2 2
5
Theo bi: 11 y A 8 y B 11. t = 8.(t + )
3
3
t1 2
22 2
40

t 8t
0
.
t2 10
3
3

11

3 2
xM nn: xM + yM = 4
2

xM +(

8
8
x A 2 y A 3 A( 2; 3 )
Vi t = 2
.
x 2 y 11 B( 2; 11)
B
B
3
3

10
200
10 200
xA y A
A( ;
)

10

11
363
11 363

Vi t =
.
11
x 10 y 25 B( 10 ; 25 )
B
B
11
33
11 33

Bi t p 6:

5
1
1. Phng trnh ng thng AB: y = x .
3
3
1
1
2. Ta giao im: (1; 2) v ( ; ).
6
18
Bi t p 7:
HD: 2).
Phng trnh ng thng (D) c dng tng qut: y = ax + b.
(D) c h s gc k (D): y = kx + b.
(D) i qua A(2; 1) 1 = k.( 2) + b b = 2k 1.
Phng trnh ng thng (D): y = kx + 2 k 1.
3)
im B(xB; yB) (P) B(1; 2).
1
(D) i qua B(1; 2) nn: 2 = k.1 +2k 1 k = .
3
Bi tp 8:
HD: 1. Ta giao im: (2; 4) v (1; 1).
2. Ta ca A(5; 7) v B( 2 ; 4)
3.
I(xI, yI) Oy I(0: yI).
IA + IB nh nht khi ba im I, A, B thng hng.
HD:

3
34
x+
.
7
7
3
34 34
34
I(0;
I(xI, yI) ng thng AB nn: yI = .0 +
=
)
7
7
7
7
Phng trnh ng thng AB: y =

Bi tp 9:
HD: a) Ta giao im: (2; 4) v (1; 1).
b) Ta ca A(3; 1) v B( 1 ; 1).
c)
yA = 1 > 0, yB = 1 < 0 A, B nm khc pha i vi trc
Ox do MA + MB nh nht khi M, A, B thng hng M l
giao im ca AB vi truc Ox.

CH 3 :

ng thng AB c dng: y = ax + b. ng thng AB i qua

hai im A, B

1
a

1 3a b
2

1 a b
b 1

2
1
1
ng thng AB: y = x .
2
2
1
1

y 0
y x
Ta M l nghim ca h pt:
.
2
2
x 1
y 0

Vy: M(1; 0).

Bi tp 10:
HD: 1. Ta giao im: (1; 1)v ( 2; 4).
2. Gi H, K l hnh chiu ca A, B trn trc Ox, ta c:

1
OH.OA
OHA vung ti H SOHA =
2
1
1
= .1. 1 =
(cm2).
2
2
1
1
OK.KB = .2. 4 = 4 (cm2).
OKB vung ti K SOKB =
2
2
Gi I l giao im ca (D) vi trc Ox
yI = 0 xI = 2 I(2; 0).

1
1
BK.KI = .4. 4 = 8 (cm2).
2
2
1
SOAB = SIKB (SOHA + SOKB ) = 8 ( + 4) = 3,5 (cm2).
2
IKB vung ti K SIKB =

3.
Phng trnh ng thng OA: y = ax (D).
(D) i qua A(1; 1) a = 1 (D): y = x.
(D) c a = 1 v (D) c a = 1 a. a = 1 (D) (D)
OA AB OAB vung ti A.

CC BI TON V PHNG TRNH BC HAI

Bi tp 1:
HD:

A= 1 ; B =

5
17
;C=
6
80

Bi tp 2:
HD:
a) ' = (m 1)2

0, vi mi m.

3
4
3
3
c) m =
;m=
2
4
b) m = 3 ; m =

Bi tp 3:
HD:

a) = 9 4m

9
4

3 x1 2 x2 1

Ta lp c h ba phng trnh nh sau : x1 x2 3

x .x m
1 2
3 x1 2 x2 1
x1 x2 3

Gii h phng trnh n x1, x2 :

ta c x1 = 7 v x2 = 10
Th x1, x2 va tm c vo x1.x2 m , ta c m = 70

Bi tp 4:
HD: 1. Khi m = 5, phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit: x1 = 1, x2 = 7.
2. = (m 2)2 0, m.
3.
K pt (1) c 2 nghim phn bit: (m 2)2 > 0 |m 2| > 0
m 2

.
m 2
H thc: S P = 1 x1 + x2 x1x2 = 1.
4. Phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du khi a.c < 0

3
2

1.(2m 3) < 0 m <

Bi tp 5:
HD: 1a.

Phng trnh (1) c ' = 1 2m.

Phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit khi ' > 0
1
1 2m > 0 m < .
2
1b. Pt (1) c mt nghim l 2 khi: ( 2)2 2(m 1)(2) + m2 = 0
m1 0
m2 + 4m = 0
.
m2 4
Vy khi m = 0 hoc m = 4 th pt (1) c mt nghim l 2.
S x1 x2 2m 2
2. p dng h thc Vi-t cho pt (1):
2
P x1x2 m
Ta c: (x1 x2)2 + 4(x1 + x2) + 4 = (x1 + x2)2 4x1x2 + 4(x1 + x2) + 4
= (2m 2)2 4m2 + 4(2m 2) + 4
= 4m2 8m + 4 4m2 + 8m 8 + 4
= 0 (pcm).
Bi tp 6:
HD: 1. Khi m = 2 x1 = 1 7 ; x2 = 1 7 .

7
.
2
4. H thc cn tm: 2S P =5 2(x1 +x2) x1x2 = 5.
2
2
5. x1 x2 = 10 m2 6m + 5 = 0 m = 1 hoc m = 5.
Bi tp 9:
HD: 1. Khi m = 1 x1 = 1 ; x2 = 3 .
2a. Phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit khi :
= 4m > 0 m < 0.
2b. Phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du khi a.c < 0
1
1.(4m + 1) < 0 m < .
4
2c. Tng cc bnh phng hai nghim ca pt (1) bng 11
x12 x22 = 11 (x1 + x2)2 2x1x2 = 11
9
2 8m = 11 m = .
8
Bi tp 10:
1.(2m 7) < 0 m <

HD:

3
7
a) ' = m > 0, vi mi m.
2
4

b) m = 0 ; m = 3
c) Phng trnh : y2 4y 3 = 0

1
19

2. ' = m2 + m + 5 = m > 0, m.
2
4

S x1 x2 2m 2
3. p dng h thc Vi-t cho pt (1):
P x1x2 m 4
Theo bi: A = x1(1 x2) + x2(1 x1)
= x1 x1x2 + x2 x1x2 = (x1 + x2) 2x1x2
= (2m + 2) 2(m 4) = 10.
Vy A = 10 khng ph thuc vo m.
Bi tp 7:
Bi tp 8:
HD: 1. Khi m = 1 x1 = 1 10 ; x2 = 1 10 .
2. = m2 10m + 29 = (m 5)2 + 4 > 0, m.
3. Phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim tri du khi a.c < 0

CH 4:
GII BI TON
BNG CCH LP H PHNG TRNH LP PHNG TRNH
Bi t p1:
HD:
Gi x l ch s hng chc (x N, 0 < x 9).
Gi y l ch s hng n v (y N, x 9)
S cn tm l 75.
Bi tp 2:
HD:
Gi x, y l hai s cn tm (x, y N)

x y 59
2x 7 3y

Theo bi ta c h pt:

S cn tm l 34 v 25.
Bi tp 3:
HD:
Gi x l ch s hng chc ca s cho (x N, 0 < x 9)
Ch s hng n v: 10 x
S cho c dng: 10.x + (10 x) = 9x + 10
Theo bi ta c phng trnh:
(9x + 10) x(10 x)= 12
S cn tm l 28.
Bi tp 4:
HD:
280
Na chu vi hnh ch nht:
= 140 (m).
2
Gi x (m) l chiu di ca hnh ch nht (0 < x < 140).
Chiu rng ca hnh ch nht l 140 x (m).
Ta c phng trnh:
(x 2)(143 x) x(140 x) = 144
x = 86 (tha K)
Vy hnh ch nht c chiu di 86m v chiu rng l: 140 x = 140 86
= 54 (m).
Bi tp 5:
HD:
Chiu di l 100m v chiu rng l 60m.
Din tch khu vn: 6 000 m2.
Bi tp 6:
HD:
160
Na chu vi hnh ch nht:
= 80 (m).
2
Gi x (m) l mt kch thc ca hnh ch nht (0 < x < 80).
Kch thc cn li ca hnh ch nht l 80 x (m).
Din tch ca hnh ch nht l x(80 x) (m2).
V din tch hnh ch nht l 1500m2 nn ta c phng trnh:
x(80 x) = 1500 x2 80x + 1500 = 0
Gii pt trn ta c: x1 = 30 (nhn); x2 = 50 (nhn).
Vy hnh ch nht c cc kch thc l 30m v 50m.
Bi tp 7:
HD:

Gi x, y (m) ln lt l chiu di v chiu rng sn trng ( 0 < x, y <

170)
V sn trng c chu vi 340m nn ta c phng trnh: 2(x + y) = 340
x + y = 170 (1).
V ba ln chiu di hn 4 ln chiu rng l 20m nn ta c pt: 3x 4y =
20 (2).

x y 170
3 x 4 y 20

T (1) v (2) ta c h pt:

x 100
(tha K).
y 70

Gii h pt ta c

Bi tp 8:
HD:
Gi x (cm), y (cm) l di hai cnh gc vung (x > 5, y > 5).

5 x 4 y 200
x y 45

Theo bi ta c h pt:

x 20
(tha K).
y 25

Gii h pt ta c

Vy di hai cnh gc vung l 20cm v 25cm.

Bi tp 9:
HD:
Gi x (cm), y (cm) l di hai cnh gc vung (0 < x, y < 5).
V tam gic c cnh huyn 5cm nn ta c pt: x2 + y2 = 25 (1).
V tam gic c din tch 6cm2 nn ta c pt:
1
xy = 6 xy = 12 (2).
2

x 2 y 2 25
T (1) v (2) ta c h pt:
x . y 12

x3
x4
hoc
(tha K).
y4
y3

Gii h pt ta c

Vy di hai cnh gc vung l 3cm v 4cm.

Bi tp 10:
HD:

Gi x (h), y (h) ln lt l thi gian vi 1, vi 2 chy ring y b ( x > 3, y

> 4).
Vi 1 chy ring y b trong 12h, vi 2 chy ring y b trong 8h.
Bi tp11:
HD: Vi 1 chy ring y b trong 120 pht = 2h, vi 2 chy ring y b
trong 240 pht = 4h.
Bi tp 12:
HD:
Gi x (h), y (h) ln lt l thi gian vi 1, vi 2 chy ring y b ( x > 9,
6
y > ).
5

1
5
1
x y 24

Ta c h pt:

(I)

9 6 1 1 1
x 5 x y

x 12
Gii h, ta c:
(tha K).
y8

Vy: Vi 2 chy ring y b trong 8h.

Bi tp13:
HD:
Gi x (h) l thi gian vi th nht chy ring y b (x > 27).
Thi gian vi th hai chy ring y b: x 27 (h).
Ta c pt:
1
1
1
x2 63x + 486 = 0.

x
x 27 18
Gii pt trn ta c: x1 = 54 (nhn); x2 = 9 (loi).
Vy: Vi th nht chy ring y b trong 542h, vi th hai chy ring
y b trong 27h.
Bi tp 14:
HD:
Gi x, y l vn tc ca xe I v xe II (x, y > 0).
x + y = 90

9
Ta c h pt: 90 90
x y 20

y = 90 x (a )

.
10
10
1

(
b
)
x
90 x 20

Gii pt (b)ta c: x1 = 40(nhn) ; x2 = 450 (loi).

Th x = 40 vo (a) y = 50 (nhn).
Vy:
Xe I c vn tc: 40 km/h.
Xe II c vn tc: 50 km/h.
Bi tp 15:
HD:
Gi x, y l vn tc ca xe I v xe II (x, y > 0).
110
11
110
Ta c pt:

=
(2)
y
x
15
2x + 2y = 110

T (1) v (2) ta c h pt: 110 110 11

x y 15

(a)
y = 55 x

.
110
110
11

(
b
)
x
55 x 15

Gii pt (b)ta c: x1 = 25(nhn) ; x2 = (loi).

Th x = 25 vo (a) y = (nhn).
Vy:
Xe I c vn tc: 40 km/h.
Xe II c vn tc: 50 km/h.