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Unit 30 Digital Graphics
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P2 File Formats
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By Dom Gorka

Introduction

In this assignment I will be discussing and analysing bitmap and vector

graphics as well as comparing them against each other to see which one
is more beneficial to designers when designing graphics. I will then be
looking at file formats and what extensions they have for example .jpg
and .gif and which extension it is better to save your work as to reduce
the amount of space it takes up.
Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap graphics are made of pixels which can actually be zoomed into
which means that the more a picture is enlarged or shrunk then the more
the pixels will become visible. This makes it an option to use when
designing graphics but certainly not the best choice out there as there is
software which is better for designing such as photo manipulation
software like Photoshop. An example of bitmap graphics software is the
very popular Microsoft Paint.
Vector Graphics

Vector graphics are made up of straight lines and edges and do not lose
quality when zoomed in. When compared to bitmap software such as Paint
vector graphics look spectacular as they are not fuzzy when zoomed in or
enlarged. Vector graphics also use more processing power; images are
more precise, take up less memory and less storage space.
Bitmap vs Vector Graphics

As we have established earlier bitmap software is generally used for

simple quick sketches as the pixels can be seen on bitmap software where
they cannot on vector graphics such as Fireworks. Vector graphics also
use more processing power; images are more precise, take up less
memory and less storage space then bitmaps. Bitmaps individual
elements cannot be grouped whereas vectors can which makes it so much
easier to use vector graphics and get tasks completed quicker this is
because on bitmap the user would have to move each object individually
which would take forever.
File Formats

File
Forma
t
.jpg

Bitmap or
Vector

Description

Size

Bitmap

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts

Group)
is
a lossy compression
method. Nearly every digital
camera can save images in the
JPEG format, which supports

JPEG/JFIF supports a maximum

image size of 65,53565,535
pixels, hence up to 4 giga pixels
for an aspect ratio of 1:1.
Therefore JPEG files are ideal if

eight-bit gray scale images and you want to keep the size down.
24-bit colour images.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPE
G
.gif

Bitmap

.tif

Bitmap

.png

Bitmap

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

is for common usage limited to an
8-bit palette, or 256 colours while
24-bit colour depth is possible.
The GIF format is most suitable
for storing graphics with few
colours, such as simple diagrams,
shapes, logos and cartoon style
images. Due to the GIF's format
simplicity and age, it achieved
almost universal software support.
Due to its included animation
capabilities it is still widely used
to provide image animation
effects,
despite
its
low
compression ratio in comparison
to modern video formats.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
format is a flexible format that
normally saves eight bits or
sixteen bits per colours red, green
and blue for 24-bit and 48-bit
totals, Some digital cameras can
save images in TIFF format, using
the LZW compression
algorithm
for lossless storage. TIFF image
format is not widely supported by
web browsers however.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
file format was created as a free,
open-source alternative to GIF.
The PNG file format supports
eight-bit palette images with
optional transparency for all
palette colours and 24-bit true
colour or 48-bit true colour with
and without alpha channel - while
GIF supports only 256 colours and

The format supports up to 8 bits

per
pixel for
each
image,
allowing a single image to
reference its own palette of up
to 256 different colours chosen
from
the 24-bit RGB
colour
space.
It
also
supports animations and allows
a separate palette of up to 256
colours for each frame. Gif files
also take up little space as they
generally work with smaller
graphics.

TIFF is best for any bitmap

images that you intend to edit.
TIFF doesnt compress to make
for smaller files, because they
are meant to preserve quality.
Therefore tiff files are generally
larger size then most other
extensions.

PNG files support millions of

colours, plus varying degrees of
transparency so they are
perfect for graphic image files,
like logos and info graphics.
However, PNG isnt compatible
with
all
software
or
applications. Choose PNG when
you need a small file that
maintains its original quality.

a
single
transparent
colour.
Compared to JPEG, PNG excels
when the image has large,
uniformly coloured areas. Even for
photographs where JPEG is often
the choice for final distribution
since its compression technique
typically yields smaller file sizes;
PNG is still well-suited to storing
images during the editing process
because
of
its
lossless
compression.
BMP file format (Windows bitmap)
handles graphic files within the
Microsoft Windows OS. Typically,
BMP files are uncompressed, and
therefore large and lossless; their
advantage
is
their
simple
structure and wide acceptance in
Windows programs.

.
bitma
p

Bitmap

.WebP

Bitmap

WebP is a new open image format

that uses both lossless and lossy
compression. It was designed by
Google to reduce image file size
to speed up web page loading: its
principal purpose is to supersede
JPEG as the primary format for
photographs on the web. WebP is
based on VP8's intra-frame coding
and uses a container based
on RIFF.

.Exif

Bitmap

Exif (Exchangeable
image
file
format) format is a file standard

The BMP file format is a raster

graphics image file format used
to store bitmap digital images,
independently of the display
device such
as
a graphics
adapter. The BMP file format is
capable
of
storing two
dimensional digital images of
arbitrary width,
height,
and
resolution,
both monochrome and colour.
They are great as they take up
a very small amount of storage
space.
According
to
Google's
measurements, a conversion
from PNG to WebP results in a
45% reduction in file size when
starting with PNGs found on the
web, and a 28% reduction
compared to PNGs that are
recompressed
with pngcrush and pngout
which are two conversion
software. Therefore WebP files
sizes will be even smaller then
PNG and PNG are already very
small in the first place.
Exif
files
contain
either
uncompressed Tiff files or

.HEIF

similar to the JFIF format which is

an alternate version of .JPEG with
TIFF extensions; it is incorporated
in the JPEG-writing software used
in most cameras. Its purpose is to
record and to standardize the
exchange of images with image
metadata between
digital
cameras and editing and viewing
software. The metadata are
recorded for individual images
and include such things as
camera settings, time and date,
shutter speed, exposure, image
size,
compression,
name
of
camera and colour information.
Both, can1.
High Efficiency Image File
be used
Format (HEIF)
is
an
image
with both container
format
that
was
compressi standardized by MPEG which is an
on
international
standard
for
formats,
encoding and compressing video
Vector and images on the basis of the ISO
Bitmap
base media file format. While HEIF
can be used with any image
compression format, the HEIF
standard specifies the storage
of HEVC intra-coded images and
HEVC-coded image sequences
taking advantage of inter-picture
prediction.

compressed JPEG files so their

size will vary as we know Tiff
files take up a bit of space
whereas JPEG is almost nothing.

The file size of HEIF is

approximately 213KB which is
quite a considerable amount for
a
picture
or
image
file.
http://nokiatech.github.io/heif/

Bibliography
Howard, M. (2009, April 26th). Microsoft. Retrieved January 5th, 2016, from
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows-vista/change-the-file-size-orquality-level-of-a-jpeg-picture: http://windows.microsoft.com/engb/windows-vista/change-the-file-size-or-quality-level-of-a-jpeg-picture