Chinh Phục Kiến Thức Hoán Vị-chỉnh Vị-tổ Hợp

CM NANG CHO MA THI
CHINH PHC KIN THC
HON V - CHNH HP - T HP
(LP 11 & N THI THPT QUC GIA)
NGUYN HU BIN
https://www.facebook.com/ng.huubien
Email: ng.huubien@gmail.com
CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP
PHN 1: KIN THC C BN

BI HC 1: HAI QUY TC M
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Quy tc cng
Gi s mt cng vic c th thc hin theo phng n A HOC phng n B.
Trong : Phng n A c m cch thc hin. Phng n B c n cch thc hin.
Vy s cch thc hin cng vic l m + n (cch)
VD1: Trong mt cuc thi, Ban t chc cng b danh sch cc ti : 7 ti v thin nhin; 8 ti v lch
s; 10 ti v con ngi; 6 ti v vn ha. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ti ?
(S: c 7 + 8 + 10 + 6 = 31 cch chn)
VD2: An cn mua 1 o s mi c 39 hoc 40. Trong c 39 c 5 mu khc nhau, c 40 c 4 mu khc nhau.
Hi An mun mua 1 o s mi th c bao nhiu cch chn ?
(S: An c 9 cch chn)
VD3: Ti 1 trng hc, c 41 hc sinh ch gii vn; 22 hc sinh ch gii ton. Nh trng mun c mt hc
sinh gii i d tri h ton quc. Vy nh trng c bao nhiu cch chn ?
(S: C 41 + 22 = 63 cch chn)
2. Quy tc nhn
Gi s mt cng vic no bao gm hai cng on A v B. Cng on A c n cch thc hin v cng on
B c m cch thc hin. khi cng vic c th c thc hin bi (n . m) cch.
VD1: Bn An qua nh Bnh, r Bnh qua nh Cng i chi. Bit t nh An n nh Bnh c 3 con ng i
khc nhau. T nh Bnh qua nh Cng c 4 con ng i khc nhau. Hi bn An mun ti nh Cng c
bao nhiu cch chn ng i.
(S: C 3.4 = 12 cch)
VD2: lm nhn cho mt chic gh, ngi ta quy c nhn gm 2 phn: Phn th nht l 1 ch ci c
trong 24 ch ci, phn th 2 l mt s nguyn dng nh hn 26. Hi c bao nhiu gh c dn nhn khc
nhau ?
(S: C 24.25 = 600 gh c dn nhn khc nhau)
I. BI TP P DNG
Phng php gii ton :
+ Xc nh xem cng vic c thc hin theo phng n hay cng on (phn bit phng n v cng
on).
+ Tm s cch thc hin A v B.
+ p dng qui tc cng hay nhn.
Bi 1: An n vn phng phm mua qu tng bn. Trong ca hng c 3 mt hng: Bt, v, thc. Bt c 5
loi, v c 4 loi, thc c 3 loi. Hi An c bao nhiu cch chn qu gm 1 bt, 1 v v 1 thc ?
Hng dn:
+ C 5 cch chn bt, ng vi 1 cch chn bt c 4 cch chn v.
Bin son : NGUYN HU BIN
Trang 1
+ ng vi mi cch chn 1 bt, 1 v c 3 cch chn 1 thc.

Vy c: 5.4.3 = 60 cch chn
Bi 2: T cc s t nhin, c th lp c bao nhiu t v s m mi v s c 6 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn:
+ 6 s ca t v s c dng: a1a2a 3a4a5a6 ; a i {0;1;2;...;10} ;i = 1;6
a1 c 10 cch chn (c chn c ch s 0 ng u)
a 2 c 9 cch chn (do khng chn li ch s chn trc )
a 3 c 8 cch chn (do khng chn li ch s chn trc )
a 6 c 5 cch chn
Vy tt c c: 10.9.8.7.6.5 = 151.200 t v s
Bi 3: Trong mt trng THPT, khi 11 c : 160 hc sinh tham gia cu lc b ton, 140 hc sinh tham gia
cu lc b tin, 50 hc sinh tham gia c 2 cu lc b. Hi khi 11 c bao nhiu hc sinh ?

Hng dn:
Hc sinh khi 12 l 160 + 140 50 = 250 hc sinh (Quy tc cng m rng)
Bi 4: Mt lp c 40 hc sinh, ng k chi t nht mt trong hai mn th thao bng v cu lng. C 30
hc sinh ng k bng , 25 hc sinh ng k cu lng. Hi c bao nhiu hc sinh ng k c 2 mn th

thao ?
Hng dn:
+ Goi x l s hc sinh ng k c 2 mn th thao, ta c: 40 = 30 + 25 x x = 15
Vy c 15 hc sinh ng k c 2 mn th thao
Bi 5: C 3 kiu mt ng h eo tay (vung, trn, elip) v 4 kiu dy (kim loi, da, vi, nha). Hi c bao
nhiu cch chn mt chic ng h gm 1 mt v mt dy ?

Hng dn: C 3.4 = 12 (cch)
Bi 6: Mt ngi vo ca hng n, ngi mun chn thc n gm mt mn n trong 10 mn, mt loi
hoa qu trng ming trong 5 loi hoa qu v mt loi nc ung trong 4 loi nc ung. Hi c bao nhiu
cch chn thc n cho ba n ?
Hng dn:
+ Mn n c: 10 cch chn.
+ ng vi cch chn 1 mn n, 1 loi hoa qu c chn t 5 loi nn c 5 cch chn.
Trang 2
+ ng vi mi cch chn mn n v 1 loi hoa qu th mt loi nc ung c chn nn c 4 cch chn.

Vy theo quy tc nhn ta c: 10.5.4 = 200 cch chn
Bi 7: Trong mt i vn ngh c 8 bn nam v 6 bn n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn mt i song ca nam
n ?
Hng dn:
+ Chn nam: c 8 cch chn
+ ng vi mi cch chn nam, c 6 cch chn na
Vy tt c c 6.8 = 48 cch chn mt i song ca.
Bi 8: T cc ch s 1; 5; 6; 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin :
a) C 4 ch s ?
b) C 4 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn:
a) S cn tm c dng: a1a2a3a4 ; ai {1;5;6;7}
b) S cn tm c dng: a1a2a3a4 ; ai {1;5;6;7}
+ a1 c 4 cch chn
+ a1 c 4 cch chn
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn (Do cc ch s c th ging
+ a 2 c 3 cch chn (Do ch s chn ri th khng
nhau v lp li)
chn li)
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
+ a 3 c 2 cch chn
+ a 4 c 4 cch chn
+ a 4 c 1 cch chn
Vy c 4.4.4.4 = 256 s c 4 ch s
Vy c 4.3.2.1 = 24 s c 4 ch s khc nhau
Bi 9: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s trong o cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th ging nhau ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm c dng a1a 2a 3a4a5 ; ai = 0;9 ; a1 = a 5 ;a 2 = a 4
+ a1 c 9 cch chn (do khng chn ch s 0)
+ a 2 c 10 cch chn
+ a 3 c 10 cch chn
+ a 4 = a 2 nn c 1 cch chn
+ a 5 = a1 nn c 1 cch chn
Vy tt c c: 9.10.10.1.1 = 900 s tha mn yu cu.
Trang 3
Bi 10: C bao nhiu s t nhin c tnh cht:

a) L s chn v c 2 ch s
b) L s chn c 2 ch s khc nhau
c) L s l c 2 ch s
d) L s l c 2 ch s khc nhau
Hng dn:
a) S cn tm c dng a1a 2 ;ai = 0;9
c) S cn tm c dng a1a 2 ;ai = 0;9
+ a1 c 9 cch chn (Do khng chn ch s 0)
+ a1 c 9 cch chn (Do khng chn ch s 0)
+ a 2 {0;2;4;6;8} l s chn nn c 5 cch chn.
+ a 2 {1;3;5;7;9} l s chn nn c 5 cch chn.
Vy tt c c 9.5 = 45 s chn c 2 ch s
Vy tt c c 9.5 = 45 s l c 2 ch s
b) Ta tm cc s chn c 2 ch s ging nhau
d) Ta tm cc s l c 2 ch s ging nhau
a1a 2 ;a i { 2;4;6;8}
a1a 2 ;a i {1;3;5;7;9}
+ a1 c 4 cch chn
+ a1 c 5 cch chn
+ a 2 = a1 c 1 cch chn
+ a 2 = a1 c 1 cch chn
Vy c 4.1 = 4 ch s chn c 2 ch s ging nhau.
Vy c 5.1 = 5 ch s l c 2 ch s ging nhau.
+ Kt hp phn a c 45 - 4 = 41 s chn c 2 ch
+ Kt hp phn c c 45 - 5 = 40 s l c 2 ch s
s khc nhau
khc nhau
Bi 11: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin b hn 100 ?
Hng dn: S t nhin cn tm ti a c 2 ch s

* Bc 1: Tm cc s t nhin c 1 ch s: C 6 s
* Bc 2: Tm cc s t nhin c 2 ch s
S cn tm c dng a1a 2 ;ai = 1;6
+ a1 c 6 cch chn
+ a 2 c 6 cch chn
Vy c 6.6 = 36 s t nhin c 2 ch s
Kt lun: C 6 + 36 = 42 s t nhin lp c t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 v nh hn 100
Bi 12: C bao nhiu s nguyn dng gm khng qu 3 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn:
* Bc 1: Tm cc s nguyn dng c 1 ch s: C 9 s
* Bc 2: Tm cc s nguyn dng c 2 ch s khc nhau
S cn tm c dng a1a 2 ;ai = 0;9
Trang 4

+ a 2 c 10 - 1 = 9 cch chn
Vy c 9.9 = 81 s nguyn dng c 2 ch s khc nhau
* Bc 3: Tm cc s nguyn dng c 3 ch s khc nhau
S cn tm c dng a1a 2a 3 ;ai = 0;9
+ a 2 c 10 - 1 = 9 cch chn
+ a 3 c 8 cch chn
Vy c 9.9.8 = 648 s nguyn dng c 3 ch s khc nhau
Kt lun: Vy c 9 + 81 + 648 = 738 s nguyn dng gm khng qu 3 ch s khc nhau
Bi 13: Mt t c 6 hc sinh nam v 4 hc sinh n. Gio vin ch nhim chn 3 hc sinh i trc th vin.
C bao nhiu cch chn nu :

a) Chn 3 hc sinh, trong c ng 1 hc sinh n c chn.
b) Trong 3 hc sinh c chn t nht c 1 hc sinh n c chn.
Hng dn:
a)
+ chn 1 hc sinh n trong 4 hc sinh n c: 4 cch
+ chn 1 hc sinh tip theo c: 6 cch (ch c chn trong s hc sinh nam)
+ chn 1 hc sinh cui cng c: 5 cch
Vy c 4.6.5 = 120 cch chn 3 hc sinh trong c ng 1 hc sinh n
b)
* Trng hp 1: Trong 3 hc sinh c chn, c ng 1 hc sinh n : C 120 cch (theo a)
* Trng hp 2: Trong 3 hc sinh c chn c ng 2 hc sinh n:
+ Chn n th nht: c 4 cch
+ Chn n th hai: c 3 cch
+ Chn 1 nam: c 6 cch
Vy c: 4.3.6 = 72 cch
* Trng hp 3: C 3 hc sinh chn u l n: c 4.3.2 = 24 cch chn
Kt lun: Tt c c 120 + 72 + 24 = 216 cch chn tha mn yu cu bi ton.
Trang 5
Bi 14: Mt on tu c 4 toa sn ga. C 4 hnh khch bc ln tu. Hi :

a) C bao nhiu trng hp v cch chn toa ca 4 hnh khch ?
b) C bao nhiu trng hp m mi toa c 1 ngi ln ?
c) C bao nhiu trng hp m mi toa c 3 ngi ln, mt toa c 1 ngi ln v hai toa cn li khng c ai
ln ?
Hng dn:
a)
b)
+ Ngi th nht: c 4 cch chn
+ Ngi th nht: c 4 cch chn
+ Ngi th hai: c 4 cch chn
+ Ngi th hai: c 3 cch chn
+ Ngi th ba: c 4 cch chn
+ Ngi th ba: c 2 cch chn
+ Ngi th t: c 4 cch chn
+ Ngi th t: c 1 cch chn
Vy tt c c 4.4.4.4 = 256 cch chn
Vy tt c c 4.3.2.1 = 14 cch chn
c)
+ Chia 4 ngi thnh 2 nhm: Nhm I: c 3 ngi,
c)
nhm II: c 1 ngi (Ta chia bng cch chn ra 1
Cch khc:
ngi v 3 ngi cn li cho vo 1 nhm). Vy c 4
+ Hnh khch 1 ln toa 1 c 4 cch chn
cch chia nhm.
+ Sau 3 hnh khch cn li ln chung 1 toa c 3
+ Vi mi cch chia nhm xp 2 nhm vo 4
cch chn
khoang:
Vy ta c 4.3 = 12 cch.
- Nhm I: C 4 cch xp
+ V vai tr cc hnh khch nh nhau nn trong
- Nhm II: C 3 cch xp
trng hp ny c tt c 12.4 = 48 cch.
+ Nh vy c 4.3 = 12 cch xp cho mi cch chia

nhm, m c 4 cch chia nhm.
Kt lun: Vy tt c c 12.4 = 48 cch
Bi 15: Bin ng k xe t c 6 ch s v 2 ch ci u tin trong 26 ch ci (Khng dng ch I v O).
Hi s t ng k nhiu nht l bao nhiu ?

Hng dn:
+ 2 ch ci u tin trong 24 ch ci nn c : 24.24 = 576 cch chn
+ Ch s u tin khc 0 nn c 9 cch chn
+ 5 ch s cn li khng nht thit phi khc 0 v c th lp li nn c : 10.10.10.10.10 = 100.000 cch chn
Vy tt c c: 576.9.100000 = 518.400.000 s t c ng k.
Trang 6
Bi 16: Cho 7 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7. C bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau c vit t cc ch s
cho ?
Hng dn:
Gi s cn tm l a1a2a3a4
+ a1 c 7 cch chn
+ a 2 c 6 cch chn
Vy c 7.6.5.4 = 840 s tha mn
+ a 3 c 5 cch chn
+ a 4 c 4 cch chn
Bi 17: Cho cc s 1; 2; 5; 7; 8. C bao nhiu cch lp ra mt s gm 3 ch s khc nhau t 5 ch s trn
sao cho s to thnh l mt s chn ?

Hng dn:
Gi s cn tm l n = a1a 2a 3
n chn th a 3 { 2;8}
+ a 3 c 2 cch chn
Vy c 2.4.3 = 24 s tha mn
+ a1 c 4 cch chn
+ a 2 c 3 cch chn
Bi 18: Vi cc ch s t 0 n 5, ta c th lp c bao nhiu s chn m mi s gm 5 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn: Gi s cn tm l : n = a1a 2a 3a4a5

TH1: a 5 = 0 c 1 cch
TH2: a 5 0 c 2 cch (Do a5 { 2;4} )
+ a1 c 5 cch chn
+ a1 c 4 cch chn (Do a1 0 )
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn
+ a 3 c 3 cch chn
+ a 3 c 3 cch chn
+ a 4 c 2 cch chn
+ a 4 c 2 cch chn
Vy c 1.5.4.3.2 = 120 s tha mn
Vy c 2.4.4.3.2 = 192 s tha mn
Kt lun: C tt c 120 + 192 = 312 s tha mn yu cu bi ton
Trang 7
Cch khc:
+ Gi s t nhin C 5 CH S KHC NHAU l: n = a1a 2a 3a4a5

+ a1 c 5 cch chn
(Do a1 0 )
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
Vy c 5.5.4.3.2 = 600 s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
+ a 5 c 2 cch chn
+ Gi s t nhin L C 5 CH S KHC NHAU l: m = b1b 2b 3b 4b 5
+ b 5 c 3 cch chn
(Do b 5 {1;3;5} )
+ b1 c 4 cch chn
(Do b1 0 )
Vy c 3.4.4.3.2 = 288 s t nhin l c 5 ch s khc nhau
+ b 2 c 4 cch chn
+ b 3 c 3 cch chn
+ b 4 c 2 cch chn
Kt lun: Vy cc s chn tha mn yu cu bi ton l : 600 - 288 = 312 s.
Bi 19: T cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn: Gi s cn tm l : n = a1a 2a 3a4a5

TH1: a 5 = 0 c 1 cch
TH2: a 5 0 c 3 cch (Do a5 { 2;4;6} )
+ a1 c 6 cch chn
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
Vy c 1.6.5.4.3 = 360 s tha mn
Vy c 3.5.5.4.3 = 900 s tha mn
Kt lun: C tt c 300 + 900 = 1260 s tha mn yu cu bi ton
Trang 8
Cch khc:
+ Gi s t nhin CHN C 5 CH S KHC NHAU l: n = a1a 2a 3a4a5

TH1: a 5 = 0 c 1 cch
TH2: a 5 = 2 c 1 cch
+ a1 c 6 cch chn
+ a1 c 5 cch chn
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
(Do a1 0 )
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
Vy c 1.6.5.4.3 = 360 s tha mn
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
Vy c 1.5.5.4.3 = 300 s tha mn
Tng t TH3: a 5 = 4 ; TH4: a 5 = 6 mi trng hp cng c 300 s.

Kt lun: Vy tt c c 360 + 300.3 = 1260 s tha mn yu cu bi ton
Bi 20: C 100.000 v s c nh s t 00000 n 99999. Hi c bao nhiu v s gm 5 ch s khc
nhau ?
Hng dn: Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s in trn v s tha mn yu cu bi ton
+ a1 c 10 cch chn
+ a 2 c 9 cch chn
+ a 3 c 8 cch chn
Vy c 10.9.8.7.6 = 30.240 v s tha mn
+ a 4 c 7 cch chn
+ a 5 c 6 cch chn
Bi 21: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 7 ch s tha mn ch s th 3 l chn, ch s cui cng chia ht cho 3,
cc ch s th 5 v 6 khc nhau ?
Hng dn: Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5a6a7 l s cn tm.
+ a 3 c 5 cch chn (Do a 3 {0;2;4;6;8} )
+ a 7 c 3 cch chn (Do a7 { 3;6;9} )
+ a 2 c 10 cch chn
+ a 4 c 10 cch chn
Trang 9
+ a 5 c 10 cch chn
+ a 6 c 9 cch (Do a 6 a 5 )
Vy c 5.3.9.10.10.10.9 = 1.215.000 s tha mn
Bi 22: Cho tp hp A = {0;1;2;3;4;5} . C bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s i mt khc nhau c to thnh t
cc ch s trong tp hp A ?
Hng dn: Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s cn tm.
+ a1 c 5 cch chn
(Do a1 0 )
+ a 2 c 5 cch chn
+ a 3 c 4 cch chn
Vy c 5.5.4.3.2 = 600 s tha mn
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
+ a 5 c 2 cch chn
Bi 23: T cc ch s 0; 1; 3; 5; 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau v khng chia ht
cho 5 ?
Hng dn: Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4 l s cn tm.
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn
(Do a4 {1;3;7} )
+ a1 c 3 cch chn Vy c 3.3.3.2 = 54 s tha mn
+ a 2 c 3 cch chn
+ a 3 c 2 cch chn
Bi 24: C bao nhiu s t nhin trong cc ch s khc nhau, nh hn 10.000 c to thnh t 5 ch s
0; 1; 2; 3; 4 ?
Hng dn: S cn tm < 10.000 vy ln nht ch c th l s c 4 ch s
TH1: S c 4 ch s khc nhau :
Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4 l s cn tm.

+ a1 c 4 cch chn ( Do a1 0 )
Trang 10
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn
+ a 3 c 3 cch chn
+ a 4 c 2 cch chn
Vy c 4.4.3.2 = 96 s tha mn
TH2: S c 3 ch s khc nhau:
TH3: S c 2 ch s khc nhau:
Gi n = a1a 2a 3 l s cn tm.
Gi n = a1a 2 l s cn tm.
+ a1 c 4 cch chn ( Do a1 0 )
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn
+ a 3 c 3 cch chn
Vy c 4.4 = 16 s tha mn
Vy c 4.4.3 = 48 s tha mn
TH4: S c 1 ch s: c 4 s
Kt lun: Tt c c 96 + 46 + 16 + 4 = 156 s tha mn
Bi 25: C 4 nam v 4 n cn xp ngi di vo mt hng. Hi c bao nhiu cch xp sao cho nam v n
ngi xen k nhau ?

Hng dn: Lin h ti bi ton tng t nh sau c li gii: C 8 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8 (Nam coi
nh cc ch s: 1; 3; 5; 7, n coi nh cc ch s 2; 4; 6; 8). Cn to ra cc s sao cho cc ch s chn v l
xen k nhau. Cc ch s khc nhau.
Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5a6a7 l s cn tm.
+ a1 c 8 cch chn (Do a1 {1;2;3;...;8} )
+ a 2 c 4 cch chn (Do a 2 {1;3;5;7} hoc a 2 { 2;4;6;8} )
+ a 3 c 3 cch chn (Do a 2 chn 1 nam hoc 1 n, vy ch cn 3 cch)
+ a 4 c 3 cch chn (Do a 2 chn 1 nam hoc 1 n, vy ch cn 3 cch)
+ a 5 c 2 cch
+ a 6 c 2 cch
+ a 7 c 1 cch
+ a 8 c 1 cch
Vy c 8.4.3.3.2.2.1.1 = 1152 s tha mn
p dng vo bi ton trn c
+ V tr 1 c 8 cch chn
Trang 11
+ V tr 5 c 2 cch
+ V tr 6 c 2 cch
+ V tr 7 c 1 cch
+ V tr 8 c 1 cch
Vy c 8.4.3.3.2.2.1.1 = 1152 cch xp tha mn
Bi 25. C bao nhiu c nguyn dng ca s 2 3 .3 4 .5 6 .7 8 1112 .1314
Hng dn:
c nguyn dng ca s 2 3 .3 4 .5 6 .7 8 1112 .1314 khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t th c dng:
2 a .3 b .5 c .7 d 11e .13 f
Vi s a c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3 th c 4 cch chn. (a l s t nhin khng vt qu 3)
Vi s b c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 th c 5 cch chn. (b l s t nhin khng vt qu 4)
Vi s c c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 th c 7 cch chn. (c l s t nhin khng vt qu 6)
Vi s d c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 th c 9 cch chn. (d l s t nhin khng vt qu 8)
Vi s e c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12 th c 13 cch chn. ()
Vi s f c th chn 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,12, 13, 14 th c 15 cch chn.
Vy c 4.5.7.9.13.15 = 245700 c s.
Cch ca THCS: s 2 a .3 b .5 c .7 d 11e .13 f c ( a + 1) ( b + 1) ( c + 1) ( d + 1) ( e + 1) ( f + 1) c s
Bi 26: S 12000 c bao nhiu c s t nhin ?

Hng dn:
Ta c 12000 = 25.3.5 3
Suy ra c ca s 12000 c dng 2a .3b .5c
a {0;1;2;3;4;5} Do 0 a 5;b {0;1} Do 0 b 1;c {0;1;2;3} Do 0 c 3 ;
+ Chn a c 6 cch
+ Chn b c 2 cch
+ Chn c c 4 cch
Vy c 6.2.4 = 48 c s.
Bi 27: C bao nhiu c nguyn dng ca s 31752000 ?
Hng dn:
Ta c 31752000 = 26.34 .53 .7 2

Tng t c: ( 6 + 1) ( 4 + 1) ( 3 + 1) ( 2 + 1) = 420 c s
Bi 28: Gi s mt bn mua mt o s mi c 39 hoc 40. o c 39 c 5 mu o khc nhau. o c 40 c 4
mu o khc nhau. Hi bn c bao nhiu s la chn ?

Hng dn:
Cng vic mua o c th thc hin theo hai phng n A o c 39 hoc phng n Bo c 40.
phng n A c 5 cch chn .( c 5 mu o khc nhau)
Trang 12
phng n B c 4 cch chn. .( c 4 mu o khc nhau)

vy : cng vic mua o c th thc hin bi : 5. + 4 = 9 cch chn.
Bi 29: C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m hai ch s u chn ?
Hng dn:
Gi s t nhin c hai ch s :
Tp hp ch s t nhin chn : A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} c 5 phn t.
+ ch s a c 4 cch chn. ( a 0 ; a A)
+ ch s b c 5 cch chn. ( b A)
Vy : s t nhin c hai ch s m hai ch s u chn c : 4.5 = 20 s.
Bi 30: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm:
a) Mt ch s
b) Hai ch s
c) Hai ch s khc nhau
d) Khng qu 3 ch s ?
Hng dn:
a) 4 s
b) 4.4 = 16 s
c) 4.3 = 12 s
d) 4 + (4.4) + (4.4.4) = 84 s
Bi 31: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin :
a) B hn 100
b) B hn 1000
Hng dn:
a) c 6.6 = 36 s
b) c 6.6.6 = 216 s
Bi 32: Cc thnh ph A, B, C, D c ni vi nhau bi cc on nh hnh sau :
A
a) C bao nhiu cch i t A n D, qua B v C ch mt ln

b) C bao nhiu cch i t A n D ri quay li A
Hng dn:
a) T A n B c 4 cch i
T A n C c 4.2 cch i
T A n D c 4.2.3 = 24 cch i
b) T A n D ri quay v A c 24.24 = 576 cch i
Bi 33: Mt lp c 40 hc sinh ng k chi t nht mt trong 2 mn th thao: bng v bng chuyn. C
30 em ng k mn bng , 25 em ng k mn bng chuyn. C 30 em ng k mn bng , 25 em ng
k mn bng chuyn. Hi c bao nhiu em ng k chi c 2 mn th thao ?
Hng dn:
Trang 13
+ S hc sinh ng k ch chi bng chuyn: 40 - 30 = 10

+ S hc sinh ng k ch chi bng : 40 - 25 = 15
+ Tng s hc sinh ch ng k 1 mn l : 10 + 15 = 25
+ Vy s hc sinh ng k chi c 2 mn l: 40 - (10 + 15) = 15 em
Bi 34: Mt lp c 50 hc sinh d tri h, c chi 2 mn th thao cu lng v bng bn .C 30 bn ng
k chi cu lng, 28 bn ng k bng bn, 10 bn khng chi mn no. Hi c bao nhiu bn :
a) chi c hai mn
b) ch ng k mt mn
Hng dn:
a)
28
BNG BN
30
CU LNG
10
+ S hc sinh ch chi cu lng: 50 - 10 - 28 = 12 hc sinh

+ S hc sinh ch chi bng bn: 50 - 10 - 30 = 10 hc sinh
+ S hc sinh chi c 2 mn: 50 - (12 + 10 + 10) = 18 hc sinh
b) S hc sinh ng k ch chi 1 mn: 12 + 10 = 22 hc sinh
BI TP T LUYN KM HNG DN & P S
Bi 1: T tnh A n tnh B c th i bng t, tu ha, tu thy v my bay. Mi ngy c 10 chuyn t, 5
chuyn tu ha, 3 chuyn tu thy v 2 chuyn my bay. Hi c bao nhiu cch i t tnh A n tnh B?
HD: Theo quy tc cng, ta c: 10 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 20 s la chn khc nhau i t tnh A n tnh B.
Bi 2: Mt bnh ng 12 qu cu trong c 5 qu xanh, 4 qu trng v 3 qu vng. Chn 3 qu cu. Hi c
my cch chn c 3 qu cu khc mu?
HD:
+ T 5 qu cu xanh chn 1, c 5 cch.
Trang 14

Theo quy tc nhn, s cch chn c 3 qu cu khc mu l: 5.4.3 = 60
Bi 3: C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m hai ch s ca n u chn?
HD: S t nhin c hai ch s m hai ch s u chn c dng ab
Vi a, b {0, 2, 4,6,8} v a 0 .
Chn a c 4 cch v chn b c 5 cch.
Vy c 4.5 = 20 s tha mn bi.
Bi 4 (SGKNC): Bin s xe my ca tnh A (nu khng k m s tnh) c 6 k t:
- K t u tin l 1 ch ci (trong bng 26 ch ci ca ting Anh)
- K t th hai l 1 ch s thuc tp hp {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9}
- Mi k t 4 v tr tip theo l 1 ch s thuc tp hp {0;1;2;3;...;9}
Hi nu ch dng 1 m s tnh th tnh A c th lm c nhiu nht bao nhiu bin s xe khc nhau ?
Hng dn:
- K t u tin c 26 cch chn
- K t th hai c 9 cch chn
- K t 4 v tr tip theo, mi v tr c 10 cch chn.
Vy c th lp c: 26.9.10.10.10.10 = 2.340.000 bin s xe khc nhau
Bi 5: Mi ngi s dng mng my tnh u c mt khu. Gi s mi mt khu gm 6 k t, mi k t
hoc l 1 ch s (t 0 n 9) hoc l 1 ch ci (trong bng 26 ch ci ting Anh) v mt khu phi c t nht
1 ch s:
a) C bao nhiu dy s gm 6 k t, mi k t hoc l 1 ch ci (26) hoc l 1 ch s (10) ?
b) C bao nhiu dy s gm 6 k t ni cu a khng phi l mt khu ?
c) C th lp c nhiu nht bao nhiu mt khu ?
Hng dn:
a) Cch chn k t u tin: C 36 cch (do c 26 cch chn ch ci + 10 cch chn ch s).
- Do dy c 6 k t, cch chn 5 k t cn li tng t cch chn k t u tin.
Vy c: 36.36.36.36.36.36 = 366 dy s c lp
b) V mt khu phi c t nht 1 ch s nn dy gm 6 k t khng phi l mt khu nu tt c 6 k u l
ch ci. Vy tt c c: 266 dy s gm 6 k t khng phi l mt khu.
(Ch : Dy gm 6 k t m tt c cc k t u l ch s vn l mt khu - v mt khu c t nht 1 ch s)
c) C th lp c nhiu nht : 366 266 = 1.867.866.560 mt khu.
Bi 6: C bao nhiu s in thoi gm:
a) 6 ch s bt k
b) 6 ch s l
Hng dn:
a) V s in thoi c lp t 10 ch s (0 n 9), m s in thoi c 6 ch s bt k nn c:
106 = 1.000.000 s in thoi
b) V s in thoi c lp t 5 ch s l (1; 3; 5; 7; 9). Vy c: 56 = 15.625 s in thoi
Trang 15
BI HC 2: HON V
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Giai tha:
+ n giai tha c k hiu n!

+ Cch tnh: n! = n(n - 1)(n - 2).(n - 3) 1
+ Quy c 0! = 1! = 1
2. nh ngha:
* Bi ton: Cho tp hp A gm n phn t. C bao nhiu cch sp xp th t n phn t ca A?
Ta c: Vic sp xp th t n phn t ca A l mt cng vic gm n - cng on:
+ Cng on 1: Chn phn t sp xp vo v tr th nht : c n - cch
+ Cng on 2: Chn phn t sp xp vo v tr th hai : c n - 1 cch
+ Cng on 3: Chn phn t sp xp vo v tr th ba : c n - 2 cch
.
+ Cng on n: Chn phn t sp xp vo v tr th n : c 1 cch
Vy ta c tt c n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3) 1 = n! (cch)
* nh ngha:
Cho tp hp A gm n phn t ( n 1) . Khi sp xp n phn t THEO MT TH T gi l hon v cc phn
t ca tp hp A.
* S cc hon v: Pn = n!
VD1: C 3 vn ng vin An, Bnh, Chu chy thi. Nu khng k trng hp c 2 vn ng vin cng v
ch mt lc th c bao nhiu kh nng xy ra ?
+ Do cc vn ng vin v ch c tnh theo mt th t nn c P3 = 3! = 3.2.1 = 6 kh nng
VD2: Trong mt trn bng, sau 2 hip ph hai i vn ha nn phi thc hin lun lu 11m. Mt i
chn c 5 cu th thc hin 5 qu 11m. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp pht.
+ Do cch sp xp c tnh theo th t cu th nn c P5 = 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 cch sp xp
VD3: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau ?
+ C P5 = 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 s
(Ch : Nu t cc s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 th p s s khc)
VD4: Mt on khch du lch d nh n tham quan 7 a im A, B, C, D, E, F, G th H Ni. Hi c
bao nhiu cch chn ?
+ V cc a im tham quan c tnh theo th t nn c P7 = 7! = 7.6.5.4.3.2.1 = 5040 cch chn
VD5: C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch cho 3 ngi ngi trong 1 bn di ?
+ C P3 = 3! = 3.2.1 = 6 cch sp xp.
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Mt gii bng gm 6 i. Hi c bao nhiu kh nng xy ra v th t gia cc i ?
Hng dn: C P6 = 6! = 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 720 kh nng.
Bi 2: Xt xem cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau lp nn t cc s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5. Hi trong cc s c
bao nhiu s:
a) Bt u bi ch s 5
b) Khng bt u bng ch s 1
c) Bt u bi ch s 2 v 3
d) Khng bt u bng 345
Hng dn:
a) Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a 4a 5 ;a1 = 5 . V 4 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4 vo cc v tr a 2 ;a 3 ;a 4 ;a 5 nn l hon v
Trang 16
P4 = 4! = 24 s t nhin khc nhau v bt u bng ch s 5.

b) Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a 4a 5 . V a1 { 2;3;4;5} nn c 4 cch chn. Cc s cn li l hon v P4
Vy c tt c 4.P4 = 96 s tha mn
c) Gi s cn tm l 23a 3a4a5 . Vy c 1.1.P3 = 6 s
d) Ta lm ngc li: S cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s bt u bng 345 l 345a4a5 . Vy c 1.1.1.P2 = 2 s
Kt lun: S cc s t nhin tha mn yu cu bi l 5! 1.1.1.P2 = 118 s
Bi 3: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 ta c th lp c tt c cc s gm 9 ch s khc nhau :
a) C bao nhiu s c thnh lp
b) C bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5
c) C bao nhiu s chn
Hng dn:
a) p s: 9! = 362.880 s
b) Ta thy ch s cui cng l 5 ( s cn tm chia ht cho 5) nn c 1 cch chn. 8 v tr cn li l hon v
v vy c 8! Cch chn.
Kt lun: c 8!.1 = 40.320 s c 9 ch s khc nhau chia ht cho 5
c) Ta thy ch s cui cng l 2; 4; 6; 8 ( s cn tm l s chn) nn c 4 cch chn. 8 v tr cn li l hon
v v vy c 8! Cch chn.
Kt lun: c 8!.4 = 161.280 s c 9 ch s khc nhau v l s chn.
Bi 4: C 10 hc sinh cng ngi trn mt hng gh v chi tr i ch. Cho rng mi ln i ch ht 1 pht.
Hi thi gian h i ch cho nhau l bao nhiu ?
Hng dn:
+ S ln i ch l 10! = 3.628.800 ln
+ Thi gian h i ch trong cc tnh hung l: 3.628.800 (khong 7 nm)
Bi 5: Mt nhm gm 12 hc sinh trong 5 n v 7 nam. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp 12 hc sinh thnh
mt hng doc sao cho 5 hc sinh n phi ng lin nhau ?
Hng dn: Dng cch buc ci
+ Coi 5 hc sinh n ng lin nhau nh 1 nhm X. Nh vy ta c 7 bn nam v 1 nhm X (coi nh 8 bn)
xp thnh mt hng dc.
+ Xp X v 7 hc sinh nam c 8! Cch
+ By gi m nhm X ra cho 5 bn n hon v vi nhau. Vy xp 5 bn n trong nhm X c 5! Cch.
Vy theo quy tc nhn ta c: 8! . 5! = 4.838.400 cch sp xp tha mn yu cu bi ton.
Bi 6: C 4 tem th khc nhau v 4 b th khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch dn tem vo b ?
Hng dn:
(C nh 4 b th (coi nh 4 gh ngi), mi tem th coi nh 1 ngi di chuyn vo ch ngi)
+ C nh 4 b th. Mi hon v ca 4 tem th l 1 cch dn. Vy c 4! = 24 cch dn tem vo b
(Ch : khng c va hon v tem va hon v b th, v nh vy chc chn s c lc trng nhau)
Bi 7: Cn sp xp 5 hc sinh A, B, C, D, E thnh mt hng ngang. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp sao cho 2
hc sinh A, v B lun ng u hng ?
Hng dn:
+ Coi 2 bn A v B ng cnh nhau (u hng) nh mt nhm X. Nh vy ta c 3 bn C, D, E v mt nhm
X (coi nh 4 bn)
+ X lun ng v tr u nn c 1 cch xp
+ 3 bn cn li c 3! Cch xp.
+ 2 bn trong nhm X li c 2! Cch xp
Vy ta c : 1.3!.2! = 12 cch sp xp
Trang 17
Bi 8: T 5 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau, trong c

bao nhiu s l, bao nhiu s khng chia ht cho 5?
Hng dn:
+ Ta c P5 = 5! = 120 s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau
+ Gi a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s t nhin l c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5

Khi a5 {1;3;5} nn c 3 cch chn, 4 s cn li c 4! Cch chn.
Vy c 3.4! = 72 s t nhin l c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
+ Gi a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s t nhin chia ht cho 5 c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
Khi a 5 = 5 nn c 1 cch chn, 4 s cn li c 4! Cch chn.
Vy c 1.4! = 24 s t nhin chia ht cho 5 c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
Bi 9: Cn sp xp 3 hc sinh n v 5 hc sinh nam thnh mt hng dc:
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu 3 hc sinh n lun ng lin nhau ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu hc sinh ng u l hc sinh n v hc sinh ng cui l hc sinh
nam ?
Hng dn:
a) Coi 3 bn n ct li thnh mt nhm X, vy c 1 nhm X v 5 hc sinh nam (coi nh 6 hc sinh) xp
thnh 1 hng dc. Xp X v 5 bn nam c 6! cch.
+ Sau khi xp xong, m nhm X ra cho 5 hc sinh n t hon v cho nhau, vy xp 3 hc sinh n trong
nhm X s c 3! Cch.
Kt lun: Vy c 6!.3! = 4320 cch.
b)
+ Chn 1 hc sinh n ng u hng c 3 cch chn
+ Chn 1 hc sinh nam ng cui hng c 5 cch chn.
+ Cn li 6 v tr gia, ta chn 6 hc sinh cn li xp vo nn c 6! cch.
Kt lun: Tt c c 3.5.6! = 10800 cch.
Bi 10: C 4 n tn l: Hu, Hng, Lan, Hng v 4 nam tn l An, Bnh, Hnh, Phc cng ngi quanh mt
bn trn c 8 ch.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp bit nam v n ngi xen k nhau ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp bit nam v n ngi xen k nhau nhng bn Hng v An khng chu ngi
cnh nhau ?
Hng dn:
a)
+ Ta xp 4 bn nam trc: vy c 4! cch.
+ Khi xp xong, gia 2 bn nam c 1 khong trng, chn 4 bn n xp vo 4 khong trng c 4! cch
+ V y l bn trn, hn na vai tr 4 bn nam l nh nhau nn s c 4 cch trng lp (Do cc v tr i
xng nhau ca bn trn - hoc khi xoay bn trn).
4!.4!
Hng
+ Vy c :
= 144 cch sp xp
4
An
b)
+ Trc ht nu ta xp 2 bn Hng 9 (n) v An (nam) ngi cnh nhau s c 2 cch
xp
+ Chn 3 bn nam cn li xp vo 3 v tr c 3! cch
+ Chn 3 bn n xp vo 3 v tr xen k c 3! cch
Vy nu xp xen k nhng Hng v An lun ngi cnh nhau s c 2.3!.3! = 72 cch
Kt lun: S cch xp xen k m Hng v An khng ngi cnh nhau c 144 - 72 = 72 cch.
Trang 18
Bi 11: Mt hc sinh c 12 cun sch i mt khc nhau, trong c 2 cun sch mn ton, 4 cun sch
mn vn, 6 cun sch mn ting Anh. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp tt c cc cun sch ln mt k sch
di, nu mi cun sch cng 1 mn c xp k nhau ?
Hng dn:
+ Ta coi 2 cun sch ton l 1 nhm X, 4 cun sch vn thnh 1 nhm Y, 6 cun sch ting Anh thnh 1
nhm Z. Vy c 3! cch t 3 b sch X, Y, Z ln k sch.
+ (By gi coi nh ci dy buc ra cc cun sch trong 1 nhm t hon v vi nhau) Nhm sch ton c
2! cch xp, nhm vn c 4! cch xp, nhm ting Anh c 6! cch xp.
+ Vy tt c c 3!.2!.4!.6! = 207.360 cch sp xp.
Bi 12 (SGK): T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 lp cc s gm 6 ch s khc nhau. Hi :
a) C bao nhiu s chn, bao nhiu s l ?
b) C bao nhiu s b hn 432000 ?
Hng dn:
a) Gi cc s cn tm c dng n = a1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6
+ TH1: n l s chn a6 { 2;4;6} nn c 3 cch chn, cn li 5 ch s u tin s c 5! cch sp xp.

Vy tt c c: 3.5! = 360 s chn c 6 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6
+ TH2: n l s l a6 {1;3;5} nn c 3 cch chn, cn li 5 ch s u tin s c 5! cch sp xp.
Vy tt c c: 3.5! = 360 s l c 6 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6
b) Gi cc ch s cn tm c dng n = a1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6 < 432000
+ TH1: a1 3 a1 {1;2;3} nn c 3 cch chn. 5 ch s cn li c 5! cch sp xp. Vy c 3.5! = 360 s.
+ TH2: a1 = 4 nn c 1 cch chn a 2 < 3 a 2 {1;2} a 2 c 2 cch chn. 4 ch s cn li c 4! cch sp
xp. Vy c 1.2.4! = 48 s
+ TH3: a1 = 4 a1 c 1 cch chn; a 2 = 2 a 2 c 1 cch chn a 3 < 2 a 3 {1} a 3 c 1 cch chn.
3 ch s cn li c 3! cch sp xp. Vy c 1.1.1.3! = 6 s
Kt lun: C 360 + 48 + 6 = 414 s tha mn yu cu bi ton.
Bi 13: C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi cho 10 ngi khch vo 10 gh thnh dy
Hng dn: C P10 = 10! = 3.628.800 cch
Bi 14: T cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l n = a1a 2a 3a4a5
+ a1 0 a1 c 4 cch chn
+ 4 ch s cn li c 4! cch sp xp
Vy tt c c: 4.4! = 96 s tha mn yu cu bi ton.
Bi 15: Tnh cc s t nhin i mt khc nhau c 6 ch s to thnh t cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 sao cho 2
ch s 3 v 4 ng cnh nhau
Hng dn:
Gi 2 ch s 3 v 4 ng cnh nhau nh 1 nhm X (ch s kp X). Vy ta xt s lp thnh t 5 ch s: 0; 1;
2; 5 v X
Gi s cn tm c dng a1a 2a 3a4a5
+ a1 0 a1 c 4 cch chn
+ T a 2 n a 5 c 4! cch chn na.
+ Tuy nhin 2 ch s 3 v 4 trong nhm X hon v cho nhau nn c 2! cch chn na
Kt lun: C 4.4!.2! = 192 s tha mn yu cu.
Trang 19
Bi 16: Mt t c 10 hc sinh. C bao nhiu cch:

a) Xp thnh mt hng dc
b) Ngi quanh mt bn trn 10 gh ?
Hng dn:
10!
a) C 10 ! cch
b) C
= 9! cch (do c 10 v tr lp li v l bn trn)
10
Cch khc gii phn b)
+ Ngi th nht c 1 cch chn (khng k v tr, ngi u cng ging nhau - v bn trn) (Nu bn di s
c 10 cch chn). Khi ngi th nht ngi th 9 v tr cn li cho 9 ngi ngi, vy c 9! cch.
Kt lun: C 1.9! = 9! cch xp ch.
BI TON TNG QUT: C bao nhiu cch sp xp n ngi ngi xung quanh mt bn trn ?
TR LI:
+ Do cc ch ngi xung quanh bn trn khng c phn t u v phn t cui nn ngi th nht c ngi
t do.
+ Tip theo n - 1 ngi cn li chnh l s hon v ca (n - 1) ch ngi cn li
Vy s cch sp xp l : (n - 1) !
Ch : Mt cch sp xp n phn t vng trn gi l hon v vng trn. S hon v vng trn ca n phn t l
(n - 1) !
Bi 17: Cho 5 qu cu mu trng khc nhau v 4 qu cu mu xanh khc nhau. Ta sp xp 9 qu cu vo
mt hng 9 ch cho trc:
a) C bao nhiu cch sp xp khc nhau ?
b) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 2 qu cu ng cnh nhau khng cng mu ?
c) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 5 qu cu trng ng cnh nhau ?
Hng dn:
a) C 9! = 362.880 cch
b) Gi cc v tr cn sp xp l (1)-(2)-(3)-(4)-(5)-(6)-(7)-(8)-(9)
+ Gi s cc v tr (1); (3); (5); (7); (9) xp cc qu cu mu trng, vy c 5! cch sp xp cc qu cu
mu trng.
+ C 4 v tr trng l (2); (4); (6); (8) xp cc qu cu mu xanh, vy c 4! cch sp xp cc qu cu mu
xanh.
Kt lun: Tt c c 5!.4! = 2880 cch
(Phn ny nu i yu cu thnh xp theo vng trn th cch lm ging Bi 10)
c) Coi 5 qu cu mu trng l 1 nhm X i vi 4 qu cu xanh khc nhau.
Vy coi nh sp xp X v 4 qu cu trng l 5 qu cu:
+ X c 5 cch xp
X
(nhm trng)
xanh1
xanh2
xanh3
xanh4
+ 4 qu xanh cn li c 4! cch sp xp
+ 5 qu cu trng trong nhm X li c 5! cch sp xp v tr.
Vy tt c c: 5.4!.5! = 14400 cch sp xp.
Bi 18: C 30 hc sinh ca trng X tham gia mt tinh trong c 4 hc sinh cng lp; 26 hc sinh cn li
chn t 13 lp khc nhau (mi lp 2 hc sinh). Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp 30 hc sinh thnh 1 hng sao
cho cc hc sinh cng 1 lp th ng k nhau ?
Hng dn:
+ Ta coi cc hc sinh cng 1 lp nh 1 nhm A (Mi nhm A ging nh 1 hc sinh kp). Vy tt c c 14
nhm A
Trang 20
+ Khi xp 14 nhm khc nhau (xp 14 hc sinh kp) thnh 1 hng, ta c : P4 cch xp.
+ Tuy nhin, trong mi nhm 2 ngi s c 2! cch xp, mi nhm 4 ngi s c 4! cch xp.
13
Vy tt c c P14 . ( 2!) .4! cch
Bi hc 3: CHNH HP
I. TM TT L THUYT
1. Bi ton: Cho tp hp A gm n phn t, ly ra k phn t ca A ( 1 k n ) v sp xp chng theo mt
TH T. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp ?
Hng dn:
+ Cng on 1: Ly phn t th nht c n cch
+ Cng on 2: Ly phn t th hai c n - 1 = (n - 2) + 1 cch
+ Cng on 3: Ly phn t th ba c n - 2 = (n - 3) + 1 cch
.
.
+ Cng on k: Ly phn t th k c n - (k - 1) = (n - k) + 1 cch
Vy c tt c: n ( n 1) ( n 2 ) ... ( n k + 1) cch
2. nh ngha: Cho tp hp A gm n phn t v s nguyn k ( 1 k n ) . Khi ly ra k phn t ca A v sp
xp theo 1 trt t nht nh ta c 1 CHNH HP chp k ca n phn t ca A (Gi tt l chnh hp chp k
ca A)
n!
K kiu: A kn = n ( n 1) ( n 2 ) ... ( n k + 1) =
(n k )!
Ch : 0! = 1; A n0 = 1;A nn = Pn = n!
VD1: C 11 cu th, chn ra 5 cu th lun lu, vy s cch chn l
11!
11!
5
A11
=
=
= 11.10.9.8.7 = 55440 cch.
( 11 5 ) ! 6!
VD2: Mt nhm c 5 bn A; B; C; D; E. Hy k ra cc cch phn cng 3 bn lm trc nht: 1 bn qut nh,
1 bn lau bng, 1 bn xp bn gh.
5!
5!
Vy c A 53 =
= = 5.4.3 = 60 cch
( 5 3 ) ! 2!
VD3: C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp thnh t cc ch s t 1 n 9.
C A 59 = 9.8.7.6.5 = 15120 s

VD4: Trong mt phng cho mt tp hp gm 6 im phn bit. C bao nhiu vecto khc 0 c im u v
im cui trong tp hp ny ?

+ V mt cp sp th t gm 2 im A, B cho ta mt vecto khc 0 , vy c: A 62 = 6.5 = 30 vecto
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: C 8 vn ng vin chy thi, nu khng k trng hp c 2 vn ng vin cng v ch mt lc, hi
c bao nhiu kt qu xy ra i vi cc v tr 1, 2, 3 ?
Hng dn:
+ Bi ton ny thc cht l chn ra 3 vn ng vin xp gii nht - nh - ba (th t 1, 2, 3) t 8 vn ng vin
cho trc.
+ Vy tt c c: A 83 = 8.7.6 = 336 kt qu
Bi 2: Trong 1 ban chp hnh gm 7 ngi, cn chn ra 3 ngi vo ban thng v vi cc chc v: b th,
ph b th, y vin. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
Trang 21
Hng dn: C tt c A 73 = 7.6.5 = 210 cch chn

Bi 3: C 15 ngi tham d mt cuc thi. Kt qu cuc thi chn ra 3 gii nht, nh, ba th c bao nhiu kt
qu ?
3
Hng dn: Tng t bi 1, ta c A15
= 15.14.13 = 2730 cch chn kt qu.
Bi 4: C 100 ngi mua 100 v s, c 4 gii (nht, nh, ba, t)
a) C bao nhiu kt qu nu ngi gi v s 47 t gii nht ?
b) C bao nhiu kt qu bit rng ngi gi v s 47 trng 1 trong 4 gii ?
Hng dn:
a) Khi ngi gi v s 47 t gii nht (c 1 cch chn gii cho ngi ny), vy cn 3 gii nm trong 99
3
= 99.98.97 kt qu
ngi cn li. c 1.A 99
b)
3
+ Nu ngi gi v 47 t gii nht ta c s kt qu l: 1.A 99
3
+ Nu ngi gi v 47 t gii nh ta c s kt qu l: 1.A 99
3
+ Nu ngi gi v 47 t gii ba ta c s kt qu l: 1.A 99
3
+ Nu ngi gi v 47 t gii t ta c s kt qu l: 1.A 99
3
Vy c: 4. 1.A 99
= 3.764.376 kt qu.
Bi 5: Mt cu lc b c 25 thnh vin, c bao nhiu cch chn 3 ngi vo 3 v tr: ch tch, ph ch tch,
th qu ?
Hng dn: C A 325 cch chn
Bi 6: Cho 100000 chic v s c nh s t 000000 n 999999. Hi cc v s c 5 ch s khc nhau l
bao nhiu ?
Hng dn: Thc cht bi ton chnh l: t 10 ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; ; 9, ly ra 1 tp hp gm 5 ch s khc
10!
5
nhau trong 10 ch s . Vy c A10
=
= 10.9.8.7.6 = ... v
5!
Bi 7: Mt lp hc c 25 hc sinh, chn ra 1 ban cn s lp (lp trng - lp ph - thy qu). Hi c bao
nhiu cch chn ?
Hng dn: C C A 325 cch chn (ging nh Bi 5)
Bi 8: Mt cuc khiu v gm 5 nam v 6 n. Cn chn c th t 3 nam v 3 n ghp thnh 3 cp. Hi c
bao nhiu cch chn ?
Hng dn:
3
+ Chn 3 nam trong 10 nam theo 1 th t c: A10
cch
+ Chn 3 n trong 6 n theo 1 th t c: A 63 cch

3
Vy c tt c A10
.A 63 = 86400 cch chn
Bi 9: C bao nhiu s gm 3 ch s khc nhau c th lp thnh t cc ch s 0; 2; 4; 6; 8 ?
Hng dn: Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3

+ a1 0 nn c 4 cch chn
+ 2 s cn li c A 42 cch chn
Vy c 4.A 42 = 48 s
Bi 10: Cn xp 3 nam v 2 n vo 1 hng gh c 7 ch ngi sao cho 3 nam ngi k nh v 2 n ngi k
nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch ?
Trang 22
Hng dn:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
TH1: 3 bn nam chn cc gh (1); (2); (3) c 1 cch. 2 bn n c 3 cch chn gh:
[ (4);(5)] ;[ (5);(6)] ;[ (6);(7)]
M 3 bn nam ngi cnh nhau nn c 3! Cch ngi; 2 bn n ngi cnh nhau nn c 2! Cch ngi.
Vy tt c c: 1.3.3!.2! = 36 cch.
TH2: 3 bn nam chn cc gh (2); (3); (4) c 1 cch. 2 bn n c 2 cch chn gh: [ (5);(6)] ;[ (6);(7)]
Vy tt c c: 1.2.3!.2! = 24 cch.
Vy tt c c: 1.2.3!.2! = 24 cch.
Vy tt c c: 1.2.3!.2! = 24 cch.
TH5: 3 bn nam chn cc gh (5); (6); (7) c 1 cch. 2 bn n c 3 cch chn gh:
[ (1);(2)] ;[ (2);(3)] ;[ (3);(4)]
Vy tt c c: 1.3.3!.2! = 36 cch.
KT LUN: c 36 + 24 + 24 + 24 + 36 = 144 cch
Bi 11: Tnh cc s t nhin c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau c lp thnh t 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 sao cho trong
mi s u c mt t nht ch s 1 hoc 2 ?
Hng dn:
Bc 1: Gi s t nhin c 4 ch s khc nhau l a1a2a3a4 ( a1 c 5 cch chn), vy c 5.A 53 = 300 s
Bc 2: Gi s t nhin c 4 ch s khc hau, khng cha 1 v 2 l b1b 2b 3b 4 , b i {0;3;4;5} , b1 c 3 cch

chn, 3 s cn li c A 33 cch, vy c 3. A 33 = 18 cch.
Vy s cc s cn tm l 300 - 18 = 282 s
Bi 12: Vi cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch s 1 c mt
ng 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s t nhin c 3 ch s lp thnh t 4 ch s 0; 1; 2; 3 l a1a 2a 3
+ a1 c 3 cch chn, 2 s cn li c A 32 cch chn, vy c 3. A 32 = 18 cch chn.
Bi 13: Vi cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 c th lp c bao nhiu :
a) S l gm 4 ch s khc nhau ?
b) S chn gm 4 ch s khc nhau ?
Hng dn:
a) Gi s cn tm l a1a2a3a4
+ a 4 {1;3;5} nn c 3 cch chn.
+ a1 0 nn c 4 cch chn
+ 2 ch s cn li c A 24 cch chn, vy c 3.4. A 24 = 144 s
b) Gi s cn tm l a1a2a3a4
Trang 23
+ TH1: a 4 = 0 nn c 1 cch chn, vy c 1. A 35 (s)

+ TH2: a 4 0 nn c 2 cch chn, a1 c 4 cch chn, vy c 2.4. A 24 (s)
Vy c 1. A 35 + 2.4. A 24 = 156 s
(Ch : cc TH bi c ch s 0 ng u cn chia TH)
Bi 14: C bao nhiu s c 6 ch s khc nhau m c mt ca ch s 0 v ch s 9 ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a2a 3a4a5a6
TH1: a1 = 9 9a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6 , vy c 5 v tr chn s 0, c 4 v tr cn li chn 4 trong 8 ch s cn li c A 84 ,
vy c 1.5. A 84 (s)
TH2: a1 9;a 2 = 9 a1 9a 3a 4a 5a 6 , s 0 c 4 v tr sp xp, 4 v tr cn li c A 84 cch sp xp, vy c 4.A84
(s). V ch s 9 cc v tr t a 2 a 6 nh nhau nn ta c 5. 4.A84 (s).
Vy c 1.5. A 84 + 5. 4.A84 = 42000 (s)

Bi 15: T cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 lp cc s t nhin c 9 ch s khc nhau, c bao nhiu s :
a) Chia ht cho 5
b) S 9 ng chnh gia ?
Hng dn:
a) Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a4a5a6a7a8a9 , a 9 = 5 c 1 cch chn, 8 ch s cn li c 8! = P8 = A 88 cch, vy
c 1.A88 = 40320 cch

b) Ch s 9 ng chnh gia c 1 cch chn, 8 v tr cn li chn trong 8 ch s cn li c A88 (cch), vy
c 1.A88 = 40320 cch.
Bi 16: T cc ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 3 ch s i mt khc nhau v chia ht
cho 9 ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3
TH1: {a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 } = {0; 4;5} , a1 c 2 cch chn, a 2 c 2 cch chn, a 3 c 1 cch chn. Vy c 2.2.1 = 4 s.
TH2: {a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 } = {1;3;5} ; {2;3; 4} u c 3! S.
Vy tt c c 4 + 2.3! = 16 s tha mn.
Bi 17: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau b hn 345 ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a2a 3 < 345
TH1: a1 = 1 c 1 cch chn, a 2 c 5 cch chn, a 3 c 4 cch chn. Vy c 1.5.4 = 20 s
TH2: a1 = 2 c 1 cch chn, a 2 c 5 cch chn, a 3 c 4 cch chn. Vy c 1.5.4 = 20 s
TH3: a1 = 3, a 2 = 1 , vy c 1.1.4 = 4 s
TH4: a1 = 3, a 2 = 2 , vy c 1.1.4 = 4 s
TH5: a1 = 3,a 2 = 4, a 5 {1; 2} , vy c 1.1.2 = 2 s
Vy tt c c 20 + 20 + 4 + 4 + 2 = 50 s
Bi 18: C bao nhiu s c 6 ch s c chn t cc ch s thuc {1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8} sao cho cc ch s
i mt khc nhau, ch s u tin phi l s 4 v ch s cui cng chn ?
Hng dn:
Trang 24
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a2a 3a4a5a6 , a1 = 4 c 1 cch, a 6 {2;6;8} c 3 cch, 4 ch s cn li c A 64 cch.

Vy c 1.3. A 64 = 1080 s.
Bi 19: Cho 5 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
a) C th lp c bao nhiu s l c 4 ch s khc nhau t 5 ch s trn ?
b) C th lp c bao nhiu s chia ht cho 3 c 3 ch s khc nhau t 5 ch s trn ?
Hng dn:
a). Gi s cn tm c dng a1a2a3a4 , a 4 {1;3;5} nn c 3 cch chn, cc ch s cn li c A 34 cch chn.
Vy c 3. A 34 = 72 s l tha mn.
b). Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3 , do ( a1 + a 2 + a 3 ) 3 {a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 } = {1; 2;3} ; {1;3;5} ; {2;3; 4} ; {3; 4;5}
ng vi mi TH ta lp c 3! s . Vy c 4.3! = 24 s tha mn.
Bi 20: trng ph thng c cc mn hc l Ton, L, Ha, Sinh, Vn, S, a, Ting Anh, Cng ngh,
Gio dc quc phng v Th dc. Cn sp lch cho 1 ngy hc 5 tit thuc 5 mn khc nhau. Hi c bao
nhiu cch sp xp ?
Hng dn:
+ Ta thy c tng cng 13 mn hc khc nhau. sp xp cho 1 ngy hc c 5 tit hc, ta chn 5 mn t 13
5
mn hc ri sp xp chng theo mt th t. Vy c A13
= 154.440 cch
Bi 21: C 10 cun sch khc nhau v 7 cy bt my khc nhau. Cn chn ra 3 cun sch v 3 cy bt my
lm qu tng cho 3 hc sinh, mi em 1 cun sch v 1 cy bt my. Hi c my cch chn ?
Hng dn:
3
+ Chn 3 t 10 cun sch khc nhau c A10
cch
+ Chn t 3 trong 7 cy bt khc nhau c A 37 cch
3
Vy c A10
.A 37 = 151200 cch
Bi 22: Mt lp c 15 hc sinh nam v 20 hc sinh n. Trong bui tp trung lp u nm, gio vin chn 3
hc sinh lm ban cn s lp (1 lp trng, 1 lp ph, 1 th qu)
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu lp trng l nam ?
c) Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu mt trong ba bn c chn phi c t nht 1 n ?
Hng dn:
a). C A 335 = 39270 cch
2
cch.
b). Lp trng l nam c 15 cch chn. Chn 2 bn cn li t 34 bn ri sp xp theo th t c A 34
2
Vy tt c c 15. A 34
= 16830 cch chn
3
c) Lm theo PP phn b: Gi s 3 bn c chn u l nam, khi c A15
= 2730 cch.
Vy tng s cch tha mn l 39270 2730 = 36540 cch
Bi 23: Trong mt chng trnh vn ngh, cn chn ra 7 bi ht trong 10 bi ht v 3 tit mc ma trong 5
tit mc ma ri xp th t biu din. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu cc bi ht c xp k nhau v cc
tit mc ma c xp k nhau ?
Hng dn:
7
+ Chn 7 bi ht t 10 bi ht ri xp th t c A10
cch, chn 3 tit mc ma t 5 tit mc ri xp th t c
A 35 cch.
7
TH1: Ht trc, ma sau, vy c: A10
. A 35 cch.
7
TH2: Ma trc, ht sau, vy c: A 35 . A10
cch.
Trang 25

7
7
Vy tt c c A10
. A 35 + A 35 . A10
= 72.576.000 cch
Bi 24: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin :

a) C 5 ch s khc nhau ?
b) C 6 ch s khc nhau v s phi l s l ?
c) C 3 ch s khc nhau v s chia ht cho 3 ?
Hng dn:
a). C A 59 = 15120 s
b). Gi s cn tm l a1a2a 3a4a5a6 , a 6 {1;3;5;7;9} nn c 5 cch chn. Vy c 5.A84 = 33600 s
c). Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3 , vy ( a1 + a 2 + a 3 ) 3
TH1: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 6 {a1 ; a 2 ; a 3 } = {1; 2;3} c 3! s.
TH2: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 9 {a1 ; a 2 ; a 3 } {1; 2;3} ; {1;3;5} ; {2;3; 4} c 3.3! s
TH3: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 12 {a1; a 2 ;a 3 } {1; 2;9} ; {1;3;8} ; {1; 4; 7} ; {1;5;6} ; {2;3;7} ; {2; 4;6} ; {3; 4;5} c 7.3! s.
TH4: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 15 {a1 ; a 2 ; a 3 } {1;5;9} ; {1;6;8} ; {2; 4;9} ; {2;5;8} ; {2;6; 7} ; {3; 4;8} ; {3;5; 7} ; {4;5;6} vy
c tt c 8.3! s
TH5: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 18 {a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 } {1;8;9} ; {2;7;9} ; {3; 6;9} ; {3; 7;8} ; {4;5;9} ; {3; 6;8} ; {5;6; 7} c 7.3! s
TH6: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 21 {a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 } {4;8;9} ; {5; 7;9} ; {6;7;8} c 3.3! s
TH7: a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 24 {a1 ; a 2 ; a 3 } {7;8;9} c 3! s
Vy tt c c 30.3! s tha mn yu cu bi.
Bi 25: T cc ch s 0 n 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau ? Trong cc s
c bao nhiu s chn, bao nhiu s l, bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5 ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau, vy c 9.A 94 = 27126 s c 5 ch s khc nhau
(v a1 0 nn c 9 cch chn)
+ Gi s t nhin chn c 5 ch s khc nhau l m = b1b 2b 3b 4b 5 , vy b5 {0; 2; 4;6;8} , ch s 0 ng cui
nn phi chia TH
- TH1: b5 = 0 c 1 cch chn, vy c 1.A 94 s
- TH2: b5 0 c 4 cch chn, b1 c 8 cch chn, vy c 4.8.A83 cch chn.
Vy c 1.A 94 + 4.8.A83 = 12432 s chn tha mn.
+ Theo 2 phn trn th s l c 5 ch s khc nhau l 27126 12432 = 14694
+ Gi s c 5 ch s khc nhau chia ht cho 5 l p = c1c2c 3c4c5 , vy c5 {0;5} , ch s 0 ng cui nn phi
chia TH
- TH1: c5 = 0 c 1 cch chn, vy c 1.A 94 s
- TH2: c5 = 5 c 1 cch chn, c1 0 c 8 cch chn (do c1 5 ), vy c 1.8.A 83 s.
Vy c 1.A 94 + 1.8.A 83 s chia ht cho 5 tha mn yu cu.
Bi 26: C bao nhiu s t nhin c cc ch s khc nhau c lp thnh t cc s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 ?

Hng dn:
+ T cc ch s cho, c th lp c cc s t nhin c 1 ch s, 2 ch s, 3 ch s, 4 ch s, 5 ch s, 6
ch s, vy c A16 + A 62 + A 36 + A 64 + A 56 + A 66 = 1956 s
Trang 26
Bi 27: T tp hp X = {0;1;2;3;4;5;6} lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau trong nht

thit phi c mt ch s 5 ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi n = a1a 2a 3a4a5 l s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t tp X, a1 c 6 cch chn
( a1 0 ), vy c 6.A 64 = 2160 s c 5 ch s khc nhau.
+ Gi s m = b1b 2b 3b 4b 5 l s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau m khng cha ch s 5
{b1; b 2 ; b3 ; b 4 ; b5 } {0;1; 2;3; 4;6} ,
b1 c 5 cch chn, vy c 5.A 54 = 600 s
Vy c 2160 - 600 = 1560 s

Bi 28: C bao nhiu s t nhin c ng 6 ch s , trong s 9 xut hin ng 2 ln, cc s khc xut
hin ng 1 ln ?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l n = a1a 2a 3a4a5a6 , s 9 xut hin ng 2 ln th:
TH1: S c dng nh sau (c 1 ch s 9 ng u)
n = 99a 3a4a5a6 ;9a 2 9a4a5a6 ;9a 2a 3 9a5a6 ;9a 2a 3a4 9a6 ;9a 2a 3a4a5 9 tt c c 9 s, 4 ch s cn li c chn t
9 s (v b i s 9) nn c A 94 cch chn, vy c 5.A 94 s
TH2: S c dng nh sau (ch s ng u khng phi ch s 9)
+ n = a1 99a4a5a6 ;...;a1 9a 3a4a5 9 c 4 s
+ n = a1a 2 99a5a6 ;...;a1a 2 9a4a5 9 c 3 s
+ n = a1a 2a 3 99a6 ;a1a 2a 3 9a5 9 c 2 s
+ n = a1a 2a 3a4 99 c 1 s
Khi a1 c 8 cch chn (v b 0 v 9), 3 ch s cn li c A83 (v b a1 v 9), vy c 8.A 83 s
( )
+ 10. ( 8.A ) = 42000 s
Do c 10 trng hp nn c 10. 8.A83 s
p s ton bi: 5.A 94
3
8
Bi 29: C 5 bu thip khc nhau, 6 b th khc nhau. Cn chn 3 bu thip b vo 3 b th, mi b th 1

bu thip v gi cho 3 ngi bn, mi bn 1 bu thip. Hi c my cch ?
Hng dn:
+ Chn 3 bu thip khc nhau t 5 chic c A 35 cch
+ Chn 3 b th khc nhau t 6 c A 36 cch
Vy c A 35 . A 36 = 7200 cch.
Bi 30: Gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau :

1) P2 .x 2 P3 .x = 8
2) Pn + 3 = 720.A n5 .Pn 5
3) A n5 = 30A n4 2
4) Px .A x2 + 72 = 6 A x2 + 2Px
5) A 3x + 5A 2x 21x
Hng dn:
1). 2!x 2 3!x = 8 2x 2 6x 8 = 0 x = 1; x = 4
n N*
n N*
2). K:
n 5 1 n 6
Trang 27
n!
.(n 5)! (n + 3)! = 720.n! (n + 3)(n + 2)(n + 1) = 720 n = 7
(n 5)!
3). K: n 2 4 n 6, n N
n!
(n 2)!
n(n 1)(n 2)!
(n 2)!
n(n 1)
= 30.
= 30.
= 30 n = 25; n = 6
(n 5)!
(n 2 4)!
(n 5)(n 6)!
(n 6)!
n 5
4). K: x 2, x N
(n + 3)! = 720
x!
x!
x!
+ 72 = 6
+ 2.x!
(x 2)!
(x 2)!
x!x(x 1) + 72 = 6 [ x(x 1) + 2.x!]

x!x(x 1) 12.x! = 6x(x 1) 72
x!(x 2 x 12) = 6(x 2 x 12)
(x 2 x 12)(x! 6) = 0
x = 4
x 2 x 12 = 0
x = 3 < 0
x! 6 = 0
x = 3
5). K: x 3, x N
x!
x!
+ 5.
21x
(x 3)!
(x 2)!
x(x 1)(x 2) + 5x(x 1) 21x
x 2 + 24x 24 0 6 x 4 x = 3; x = 4
BI TON TNH TNG (tham kho)

DNG 1: Cc s lp c t tp hp khng cha ch s 0
Bi 1: Tnh tng tt c cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s i mt khc nhau lp thnh t 6 ch s 1; 3; 4; 5; 7; 8?
Hng dn:
+ Gi s c 5 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s cho l a1a 2a 3a4a5 = a1 .104 + a 2 .103 + a 3 .102 + a4 .10 + a5
+ Khi ch s 1 nm v tr hng n v a 5 = 1 a 5 c 1 cch chn, s a1a2a3a4 c 5! cch chn.

Vy c 1.5! = 120 s c 5 ch s khc nhau m ch s hng n v l 1.
Lp lun tng t ta cng c:
+ 120 s c 5 ch s khc nhau m ch s hng n v l 3.
Vy tng tt c cc s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau lp c m ch s hng n v ln lt l 1; 3; 4; 5;
7; 8 l:
( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) 104 + 103 + 102 + 10 + 1 .120 = 37332960
Xem gii thch bn di:
Trang 28
a1a 2a 3a 4a 5 = a1 .104 + a 2 .103 + a 3 .102 + a4 .10 + 1 ( a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 ;a4 { 3;4;5;7;8} ) : c 120 s dng ny

a1a 2a 3a 4a 5 = a1 .104 + a 2 .103 + a 3 .102 + a4 .10 + 3 ( a1 ;a 2 ;a 3 ;a 4 {1;4;5;7;8} ) : c 120 s dng ny
+

( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) .104 + ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) .10 3 + ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) .102

=
.120
+ ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) .10 + ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) .1
= ( 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 ) 104 + 10 3 + 102 + 10 + 1 .120

= 37332960
Bi 2: Cho A = {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6}.Tnh tng cc s c 4 ch s khc nhau lp c t tp A
Hng dn:
+ Gi s c 4 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s cho l a1a 2a 3a4 = a1 .103 + a 2 .102 + a 3 .10 + a4
+ Khi ch s 1 nm v tr hng n v a 4 = 1 a 4 c 1 cch chn, s a1a 2a 3 c 5! cch chn.
5; 6 l:
( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 ) ( 103 + 102 + 10 + 1) .120 = 2.799.720

DNG 2: Cc s lp c t tp hp cha ch s 0
Bi 1: Cho A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} tnh tng cc s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau lp c t A
Cch lm: Coi vai tr s 0 nh s khc ngha l khi s 0 ng u ta c coi nh n c ngha. tnh c tng
tng ng. Ti y li tnh tng tt c cc s c 4 ch s khc nhau lp t tp {1;2;3;4;5} (chnh l cc s
c 5 ch s m 0 ng u), ly tng trn tr tng di l ra kt qu cn tm
Hng dn:
+ Gi s c 5 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s cho l a1a 2a 3a4a5 = a1 .104 + a 2 .103 + a 3 .102 + a4 .10 + a5
+ Khi ch s 0 nm v tr hng n v a 5 = 0 a 5 c 1 cch chn, s a1a2a3a4 c 5! cch chn.
Trang 29

4; 5 l: S1 = ( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ) 104 + 103 + 102 + 10 + 1 .120 = 19.999.800
Tuy nhin trong tng trn v tnh c tnh c s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau m ch s ng u
a1 = 0 (thc cht ch l s t nhin c 4 ch s khc nhau). Vy ta cn ly kt qu trn tr i tng cc s
t nhin c 4 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t cc ch s {1;2;3;4;5}
Tht vy: Gi s t nhin c 4 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t cc ch s {1;2;3;4;5} l
b1b 2b 3b 4 = b1 .103 + b 2 .102 + b 3 .10 + b 4

+ Khi ch s 1 nm v tr hng n v b 4 = 1 b 4 c 1 cch chn, s b1b 2b 3 c 4! cch chn.
Vy tng tt c cc s t nhin c 4 ch s khc nhau lp c m ch s hng n v ln lt l 1; 2; 3; 4; 5
l: S 2 = ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ) 10 3 + 102 + 10 + 1 .24 = 399.960

Kt lun: vy tng cc s t nhin c 5 ch s lp c t tp hp A l : 19.999.800 399.960 = 19.599.840
CCH KHC: Gi s c 5 ch s khc nhau l a1a 2a 3a4a5
BC 1: Tnh tng cc s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau m ch s ng u a1 C TH bng 0
vy c 1.A 56 s nh vy c lp ra.
+ Khi xt tng cc s nu trn, ta thy mi ch s 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 u xut hin s ln nh nhau ng vi mt
1
1
ch s no ( ln ca A 56 ) nn tng s l: S1 = .A 56 . ( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ) . 104 + 10 3 + 102 + 10 + 1
6
6
BC 2: Tnh tng cc s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau m ch s ng u a1 BNG 0 (coi nh s c
4 ch s khc nhau m ch s ng u KHC 0) vy c 1.A 45 s nh vy c lp ra.

+ Khi xt tng cc s nu trn, ta thy mi ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 u xut hin s ln nh nhau ng vi mt
1
1
ch s no ( ln ca A 45 ) nn tng s l: S 2 = .A 65 . ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ) . 103 + 102 + 10 + 1
5
5
KT LUN: vy tng cc s t nhin c 5 ch s lp c t tp hp A l : S = S1 S 2 = 19.599.840
Bi 2: Tnh tng cc s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau lp t tp hp A = {0;1;2;3}
Hng dn:
+ Gi s c 3 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s cho l a1a 2a 3 = a1 .102 + a 2 .10 + a3
+ Khi ch s 0 nm v tr hng n v a 3 = 0 a 3 c 1 cch chn, s a1a 2 c 3! cch chn.
Trang 30

Vy tng tt c cc s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau lp c m ch s hng n v ln lt l 0; 1; 2; 3
l: S1 = ( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 ) 10 2 + 10 + 1 .6 = 3.996
Tuy nhin trong tng trn v tnh c tnh c s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau m ch s ng u
a1 = 0 (thc cht ch l s t nhin c 2 ch s khc nhau). Vy ta cn ly kt qu trn tr i tng cc s
t nhin c 2 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t cc ch s {1;2;3}
Tht vy: Gi s t nhin c 2 ch s khc nhau c lp nn t cc ch s {1;2;3} l b1b 2 = b1 .10 + b 2
+ Khi ch s 1 nm v tr hng n v b 2 = 1 b 2 c 1 cch chn, s b1 c 2! cch chn.
Vy tng tt c cc s t nhin c 2 ch s khc nhau lp c m ch s hng n v ln lt l 1; 2; 3 l:
S 2 = ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) ( 10 + 1) .2 = 132
Kt lun: vy tng cc s t nhin c 3 ch s lp c t tp hp A l : 3.996 132 = 3.864
1
CCH KHC: S = .A 43 . ( 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 ) . 102 + 10 + 1 .A 23 . ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) . ( 10 + 1) = 3.864

4
Bi hc 4: T HP
I. TM TT L THUYT
1). nh ngha: Cho tp hp A gm n phn t v s nguyn k vi 1 k n . Mi tp hp con ca A c k
phn t c gi l 1 t hp chp k ca n phn t, gi tt l mt t hp chp k ca A (khng tnh theo th
t)
n!
A k n(n 1)(n 2)...(n k + 1)
Ckn =
= n =
(quy c: C0n = 1 )
k!(n k)! k!
k!
2). Tnh cht
TC1: Ckn = Cnn k ( 0 k n )
TC2: Ckn +1 = C nk + C nk 1 ; Cnk = Cnk 1 + C nk 11 (1 k n ) - hng ng thc Paxcan
V d 1: Trong mt phng, cho tp hp P gm 7 im (trong khng c 3 im no thng hng). Hi c

bao nhiu tam gic c 3 nh thuc P.
Hng dn:
+ Ta c mi tp con gm 3 im bt k khng thng hng ca P s to ra 1 tam gic, cc nh tam gic
khng cn tnh theo th t, vy s tam gic to thnh l C37 = 35 tam gic
V d 2: Trong mt lp c 20 hc sinh nam v 15 hc sinh n. Thy gio ch nhim cn chn 4 hc sinh
nam v 3 hc sinh n i tham gia chin dch ma h xanh ca on THCS HCM. Hi c bao nhiu cch
chn?
Hng dn:
+ Do ch cn chn 4 hc sinh nam trong 20 hc sinh nam m khng cn quan tm n th t nn ta c
C420 = 4845 cch chn.
3
+ Tng t chn 3 hc sinh n trong 15 hc sinh n c C15
= 455 cch
Vy s cch chn l 4845.455 = 2204475 cch chn.
Trang 31
V d 3: Mt t c 10 ngi gm 6 nam v 4 n. Cn lp 1 on i biu gm 5 ngi. Hi:

a). C tt c bao nhiu cch lp
b). C tt c bao nhiu cch lp on i biu, trong c 3 nam v 2 n.
Hng dn
5
a). C10
= 252
b). C36 .C 42 = 120
V d 4: C 16 i bng tham gia thi u. Hi cn t chc bao nhiu trn u sao cho 2 i bt k u
gp nhau ng 1 ln ?
2
Hng dn: C16
trn u.
II. BI TP P DNG
Bi 1: Trong 1 BCH on trng gm 7 ngi, cn chn 3 ngi vo ban thng v (khng phn bit chc
v) th c bao nhiu cch chn ?
Hng dn: C37 = 35 cch chn
Bi 2: Mt cuc thi c 15 ngi tham d, cn chn ra 4 ngi im cao nht th c bao nhiu kt qu ?
4
Hng dn: C15
kt qu
Bi 3: Mt t gm 8 nam v 2 n. Chn ra 5 hc sinh tham d hc sinh thanh lch, yu cu cc hc sinh
c chn phi t nht 1 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
Hng dn:
5
+ Bc 1: Chn 5 hc sinh t 10 hc sinh c C10
cch
+ Bc 2: Chn 5 hc sinh t cc hc sinh nam c C85 cch
5
Vy s cch chn tha mn yu cu l C10
- C85 = 196 cch
Cch khc: Chn 5 hc sinh trong c 4 nam v 1 n c C84 .C12 cch. Chn 5 hc sinh trong c 3 nam
v 2 n c C83 .C 22 cch. Vy c C84 .C12 + C83 .C 22 = 196 cch
Bi 4: C 1 nhm hc sinh gm 7 nam v 3 n, chn ra 5 hc sinh tham gia ng din th dc sao cho c
khng qu 1 hc sinh n. C bao nhiu cch chn.
Hng dn:
+ Chn 5 hc sinh (1 n v 4 nam) c C13 .C74 cch
+ Chn 5 hc sinh (0 n v 5 nam) c C57 .C03 cch
Vy c C13 .C74 + C57 .C03 cch
Bi 5: Trong khng gian cho tp hp gm gm 25 im trong khng c 4 im no ng phng. Hi lp

c bao nhiu t din vi cc nh thuc tp hp cc im cho.
Hng dn: C425 t din
Bi 6: Mt t c 12 ngi gm 10 nam v 2 n
a). C bao nhiu cch chn 1 t gm 8 ngi t 12 ngi (khng phn bit nam n)
b). C bao nhiu cch chn 1 t gm 8 ngi trong c t nht 1 n
c). C bao nhiu cch chn 1 t gm 8 ngi ton nam
Hng dn:
8
a). C12
= 495
7
6
b). C10
.C12 + C10
.C 22 = 450
8
8
c). C12
450 = 45 (hoc C10
= 45 )
Bi 7:
a). Phn phi 7 chic v cho 7 ngi hi c bao nhiu cch phn phi
Trang 32
b). Phn phi 32 v cho 4 ngi (mi ngi nhn 8 v). Hi c bao nhiu cch phn phi.
Hng dn
a). C 7! = 5040 cch
8
b). S cch phn phi cho ngi th nht C832 , ngi th hai C824 , ngi th ba C16
cch, ngi th t C88
8
. C88 cch
cch. Vy c C832 . C824 . C16
Bi 8: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh trong 25 nam v 15 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn 4 hc sinh:

a). S hc sinh nam v n ty
b). Phi c 2 nam v 2 n
c). Phi c t nht 1 n
Hng dn
a). C440 = 91390 cch
2
b). C225 .C15
= 31500 cch
c). S dng PP phn b: S cch chn 4 hc sinh ton nam c C425 cch, vy s cch chn t nht 1 n l
C440 C 425 = 78740 cch.
Cch khc: lit k cc trng hp
2
- TH1: chn 1 n & 3 nam c C15
.C325 cch
2
2
- TH2: chn 2 n & 2 nam c C15
.C25
cch
3
- TH3: chn 3 n & 1 nam c C15
.C125 cch
4
- TH4: chn 4 n & 0 nam c C15
.C025 cch
2
2
2
3
4
Vy c C15
.C325 + C15
.C25
+ C15
.C125 + C15
.C025 = 78740 cch
Bi 9: C th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 4 ch s sao cho trong mi s , ch s hng ngn ln hn

ch s hng trm, ch s hng trm ln hn ch s hng chc, ch s hng chc ln hn ch s hng n v.
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a 4 ,9 a1 > a 2 > a 3 > a 4 0
4
+ Gi X = {0;1; 2;...;9} , vy c C10
= 210 s
Bi 10: Mt nhm cng nhn gm 15 nam v 5 n. Ngi ta mun chn t nhm ra 5 ngi thnh lp
mt t cng tc sao cho phi c 1 t trng nam, 1 t ph nam v c t nht 1 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch lp
t cng tc.
Hng dn:
TH1: chn 1 n & 4 nam
- Chn 1 n c C15 = 5 cch
2
- Chn 2 nam lm t trng v t ph c A15
cch
2
- Chn 2 nam cn li c C13
cch
2
2
Vy c C15 .A15
.C13
cch
TH2: chn 2 n & 3 nam
- Chn 2 n c C52 cch
2
- Chn 2 nam lm t trng v t ph c A15
cch
- Chn 1 nam cn li c C113 cch

2
1
Vy c C52 .A15
.C13
cch
Trang 33

2
TH3: chn 3 n & 2 nam c C35 .A15
cch
2
2
2
1
2
p s ton bi: C15 .A15
.C13
+ C52 .A15
.C13
+ C35 .A15
= 111300 cch.
Cch khc
2
Bc 1: chn 2 nam trong 15 nam lm t trng v t ph c A15
cch
Bc 2: chn 3 t vin trong c t nht 1 n
2
TH1: chn 1 n v 2 nam c C15 .C13
cch
1
TH2: chn 2 n v 1 nam c C52 .C13
cch
TH3: chn 3 n c C35 cch

2
2
1
Vy tt c c A15
.( C15 .C13
+ C52 .C13
+ C35 ) = 111300 cch
Bi 11: Mt nhm c 7 nam v 6 n, chn ra 3 ngi sao cho trong c t nht 1 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch
chn?
Hng dn: PP phn b
3
Bc 1: chn 3 ngi ty trong 13 ngi ta c C13
cch
Bc 2: chn 3 nam (khng c n) trong 7 nam ta c C37 cch
3
Vy c C13
C37 = 251 cch chn
Bi 12: Mt hi ng qun tr ca 1 cng ty gm 12 ngi trong c 5 n. T HQT bu ra 1 ch tch

HQT, 1 ph ch tch HQT v 2 y vin. Hi c my cch bu sao cho 4 ngi c bu phi c n.
Hng dn: PP phn b
Bc 1: Bu ra 4 ngi ty :
2
- Bu ch tch v ph ch tch c A12
cch
2
- Bu 2 y vin c C10
cch
2
2
Vy c A12
. C10
cch
Bc 2: Bu 4 ngi ton nam (khng c n)
- Bu ch tch v ph ch tch c A 72 cch
- Bu 2 y vin c C52 cch

Vy c A 72 . C52 cch
2
2
p s ton bi: A12
. C10
- A 72 . C52 = 5520 cch.
Bi 13: Tp hp X gm 10 phn t khc nhau. Tnh s tp hp con khc cha mt s chn cc phn t
ca X.
Hng dn
2
4
6
8
10
S: C10
+ C10
+ C10
+ C10
+ C10
10 = 511 tp hp (hoc cch cp 2: s tp con ca X gm 10 phn t l 2 , b i
mt tp hp ta c 210 1 tp hp.
Bi 14: Gii v ch bng quc gia c 14 i tham gia thi u vng trn 1 lt, bit rng trong 1 trn u
i thng c 3 im, ha 1 im, thua 0 im v c 23 trn ha. Tnh s im trung bnh ca 1 trn trong
ton gii.
Hng dn:
+ Do thi u vng trn 1 lt nn 2 i bt k ch u vi nhau ng 1 trn, vy s trn u ca gii l
2
C14
= 91
+ Tng s im ca 2 i trong 1 trn ha l 2, vy tng s im ca 23 trn ha l 46
2
+ Tng s im ca 2 i trong 1 trn KHNG HA l 3, vy tng s im ca C14
23 = 68 trn khng
Trang 34
ha l 3.68 = 204.
46 + 204 250
=
91
91
Bi 15: Tnh s cc s t nhin gm 7 ch s c chn ra t cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5 sao cho ch s 2 c mt
ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c mt ng 3 ln v cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu 1 ln.
Hng dn:
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a 2 ...a 7
+ Ta coi 7 ch s nh 7 v tr thng hng.
Bc 1: chn 2 trong 7 v tr xp ch s 2 c C72 = 21 cch
Vy im trung bnh ca 1 trn l
Bc 2: chn 3 trong 5 v tr cn li xp ch s 3 c C35 = 10 cch

Bc 3: chn 2 trong 3 ch s cn lai (1,4,5) xp vo 2 v tr cn li (c hon v) c A 32 cch
S c C72 .C35 .A 32 = 1260 cch

Bi 16: Mt t gm 8 nam v 6 n, cn ly 1 nhm 5 ngi trong c 2 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn.
Hng dn:
+ Ly 2 n trong 6 n c C62 cch
+ Ly 3 nam trong 8 nam c C83 cch

Vy c C62 . C83 = 840 cch.
Bi 17: Cho 2 ng thng a // b, trn ng thng a ly 17 im phn bit, trn ng thng b ly 20 im
phn bit. Tnh s tam gic c cc nh l 3 im trong s 37 im chn trn a v b.
Hng dn
TH1: tam gic to thnh c 1 nh trn a v 2 nh trn b, vy trn a c 17 cch chn nh, trn b c C220
cch chn nh. KL: c 17. C220 cch

2
TH2: tam gic to thnh c 1 nh trn b v 2 nh trn a, vy trn b c 20 cch chn nh, trn a c C17
cch
2
chn nh. KL: c 20. C17
cch
2
p s ton bi: 17. C220 + 20. C17
= 5950 cch
Bi 18: Tm tt c cc s t nhin c ng 5 ch s sao cho trong mi s ch s ng sau ln hn ch s

ng lin trc.
Hng dn:
+ Xt X = {1; 2;3;...;9} khng c ch s 0 (v s 0 khng th ng u)
+ Chn 5 ch s trong 9 ch s trn ta c C59 cch

+ Mi trng hp chn c trn ta ch sp xp c ng 1 s tha mn s sau ln hn s lin trc, vy
c 1 cch sp xp. S ton bi c C59 .1 = 126 cch
Bi 19: C 10 hc sinh trong 3 hc sinh gii, 4 hc sinh kh, 3 hc sinh trung bnh. Chn 1 nhm gm 3
hc sinh. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn sao cho:
1). Trong nhm c chn mi loi c 1 hc sinh
2). Trong nhm c chn khng c hc sinh trung bnh
Hng dn
1). Chn 1 hs gii trong s 3 hs c 3 cch, chn 1 hs kh trong s 4 hs c 4 cch, chn 1 hs trung bnh trong
s 3 hs c 3 cch. Vy c 3.4.3 = 36 cch
2). Chn 3 hc sinh trong s 7 hc sinh (gm 3 hs gii v 4 hs kh) c C37 = 35 cch
Bi 20: Mt b hoa gm 10 bng hng bch v 10 bng hng nhung. Bn An mun chn ra 5 bng cm
Trang 35
bnh trong nht thit phi c 2 bng bch v 2 bng nhung. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn.
Hng dn:
2
3
.C10
= 5400 cch
TH1: chn 2 bng bch v 3 bng nhung c C10
3
2
TH2: chn 3 bng bch v 2 bng nhung c C10
.C10
= 5400 cch
Vy c 5400 + 5400 = 10800 cch
Bi 21: Cho n im trong mt phng sao cho khng c 3 im no thng hng. Tm n sao cho s tam gic m
nh trng vi cc im cho gp i s on thng c ni t cc im y.
Hng dn
+ V ni 2 trong n im cho ta c 1 on thng, vy c C2n on thng
+ Ni 3 im trong n im cho ta c 1 tam gic, vy c C3n tam gic

n!
n!
n(n 1)(n 2)
n(n 1)
+ Theo gi thit ta c C3n = 2.C2n
= 2.
=2
n =8
(n 3)!3!
(n 2)!2!
3.2
2
Bi 22: Mt nhm hc sinh gm 7 nam v 3 n, gio vin mun chn ra 5 em trong nhm lm cng tc
x hi. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a). Chn ra 5 em ty
b). Nht thit (t nht) phi c 1 n 3 nam
c). Phi c t nht 1 n
Hng dn
5
a). C10
= 252 cch chn
b). TH1 chn 1 n & 4 nam, TH2 chn 2 n & 3 nam, vy c C13 .C74 + C32 .C37 = 210 cch
c). PP phn b. Chn 5 hc sinh ton nam c C57 cch, vy chn 5 hc sinh c t nht 1 n l 252 C57 = 231
Bi 23: Mt b bi t l kh gm 52 qun bi, chia thnh 4 phn bng nhau (mi phn 13 qun). Hi c bao
nhiu cch chia c 1 phn sao cho :
a). c 2 con t
b). c t nht 1 con t
Hng dn
a). Chn 13 qun trong c 2 qun t: chn 2 qun t trong 4 qun t c C24 cch, tip theo chn 11 qun
2
11
cn li trong 48 qun (b 4 qun t ra khng chn: 52 - 4 = 48) c C11
48 cch. Vy c C 4 . C 48 cch
b). PP phn b:
Bc 1: s cch chn 1 phn gm 13 con trong 52 con bi l C13
52 cch
Bc 2: s cch chn 1 phn gm 13 con trong 52 con m khng c bt k con t no c C13

48 cch
13
Vy tt c c C13
52 - C 48 cch.
Bi 24: Mt b bi ty c 52 con, cn rt ra 5 con bi. Hi c bao nhiu cch :

a). rt ty
b). rt c t nht 2 con t.
Hng dn
a). C552 cch
b). TH1: rt 5 con c ng 2 con t c C24 .C348 cch. TH2: rt 5 con c ng 3 con t c C34 .C248 cch. TH3:
rt 5 con c ng 4 con t c C44 .C148 cch. Vy tt c c C24 .C348 + C34 .C248 + C44 .C148 cch.
Bi 25: Mt ngi c 4 pho tng khc nhau v mun by 4 pho tng vo dy 6 v tr trn 1 k trang tr.
Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp.
Trang 36
Hng dn: c A 64 cch

Bi 26: Mt ngi c 8 pho tng khc nhau v mun by 6 pho tng vo 6 v tr trn 1 k trang tr. Hi c
bao nhiu cch sp xp.
Hng dn
+ Chn 6 pho tng trong 8 pho tng c C86 cch
+ Sp xp 6 pho tng chn vo 6 v tr c A 66 = 6! cch.

Vy tt c c C86 .6! = 20160 cch.
Bi 27: C n nam v n n ngi vo 2 dy gh i din, c bao nhiu cch sp xp sao cho:
a). nam v n ngi ty
b). nam v n ngi i din nhau
Hng dn
a). B1: chn n ngi trong 2n ngi c Cn2n cch. B2: xp n ngi vo n v tr c A nn = n! cch. B3: chn
dy gh c 2 cch. Vy tt c c 2. Cn2n .n! cch

b). B1: xp n nam vo 1 dy c n! cch. B2: xp n n vo 1 dy c n! cch. B3: i ch n cp nam n c
2.2.2...2 = 2 n cch. Vy tt c c n!.n!. 2n cch.
Bi 28: T cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4 lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 7 ch s trong s 1 c mt ng 3 ln
v cc s khc nhau c mt ng 1 ln.
Hng dn: gi s cn tm l a1a 2 ....a 7
+ TH1: a1 = 1 : chn 2 v tr trong 6 v tr cho s 1 l C62 cch, 4 v tr cn li cho 4 s 0,2,3,4 c 4! cch.
Vy tt c c 1.C62 .4! cch.
+ TH2: a1 1 : chn 3 v tr cho s 1 c C36 cch, chn 3 v tr cho s 0 c C13 cch, chn 3 v tr cn li cho
3 s cn li c 3! cch. Vy tt c c 3. C36 .3! cch
p s ton bi : c 1.C62 .4! + 3. C36 .3! = 720 cch.

Bi 29: Mt bc nng dn c 6 con b, 4 con heo. Mt ngi nng dn khc n hi mua 2 con b v 3 con
heo. Hi c my cch chn mua.
Hng dn: C62 .C34 = 60 cch.
Bi 30: Mt lp c 40 hc sinh gm 25 nam v 15 n. Gio vin ch nhim cn chn ra 6 hc sinh tham gia
trng cy. Hi c my cch chn sao cho:
a) khng phn bit nam v n
b) c 4 nam v 2 n
c) c t nht l 3 hc sinh nam
Hng dn
a) c C640 = 3838380 cch
2
b) c C425 .C15
= 1328250 cch
3
4
2
c) TH1: chn 3 nam & 3 n c C15
.C325 cch. TH2: chn 4 nam & 2 n c C15
.C25
cch. TH3: chn 4 nam &
5
6
1 n c C15
.C125 cch. TH4: chn 6 nam & 0 n c C15
.C025 cch.
3
4
5
6
Vy c C15
.C325 + C15
.C225 + C15
.C125 + C15
.C025 cch.
Bi 31: Mt chi on c 25 on vin trong c 10 n. Mun chn 1 t cng tc gm 7 ngi. C bao

nhiu cch chn nu :
a) trong t c ng 3 n
Trang 37
b) trong t t nht 2 n
Hng dn
3
4
a) C10
.C15
= 163800 cch
2
5
3
4
4
3
5
2
6
7
b) C10
.C15
+ C10
.C15
+ C10
.C15
+ C10
.C15
+ C10
.C115 + C10
cch
Bi 32: Mt i xy dng gm 10 cng nhn, 3 k s. lp 1 t cng tc cn chn 1 k s trng l t

trng, 1 cng nhn lm t ph v 3 cng nhn lm t vin. Hi c bao nhiu cch lp t cng tc.
1
Hng dn: c C13 .C10
.C39 = 2520 cch
Bi 33: Mt i vn ngh gm 10 hc sinh nam v 10 hc sinh n, c gio mun chn ra 1 tp ca gm 5 em
trong c t nht 2 em l nam v 2 em l n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn.
Hng dn
3
2
2
3
TH1: chn 3 nam & 2 n c C10
.C10
cch. TH2: chn 2 nam & 3 n c C10
.C10
cch.
3
2
2
3
Vy tt c c C10
.C10
+ C10
.C10
cch
Bi 34: Mt i cnh st gm 9 ngi, trong ngy cn 3 ngi lm nhim v ti a im A, 2 ngi lm

nhim v ti a im B, cn 4 ngi trc n. Hi c bao nhiu cch phn cng.
Hng dn: c C39 .C62 .1 cch.
Bi 35: C 15 im khc nhau trn mt phng, khng c bt k 3 im no trong s thng hng. Hi c
th lp c bao nhiu tam gic, t gic c nh l mt trong cc im cho.
3
4
Hng dn: c C15
= 455 tam gic, c C15
= 1365 t gic
Bi 36: C 6 ng thng song song v 12 ng thng song song khc. Hi c bao nhiu hnh bnh hnh
c to thnh.
Hng dn: c 1 hnh bnh hnh, ta cn chn ra 2 ng thng song song, ri chn tip 2 ng thng
2
song song v ct 2 ng thng chn trc . Vy c C62 .C12
= 990 hnh bnh hnh.
Bi 37: Cho 2 ng thng song song a v b, trn a c 10 im phn bit v trn b c 13 im phn bit.
a) C bao nhiu hnh thang c to thnh t cc im nm trn 2 ng thng cho.
b) C bao nhiu tam gic c to thnh t cc im nm trn 2 ng thng cho.
Hng dn
a) c c 1 hnh thang, ta chn t ng thng a ra 2 im, chn t ng thng b ra 2 im, vy c
2
2
C10
.C13
= 3510 cch chn.
2
b) TH1: tam gic c 2 nh trn a, 1 nh trn b ta c C10
.C113 = 585 tam gic. TH2: tam gic c 1 nh trn a,
2
2 nh trn b c C110 .C13
= 780 tam gic. Vy tt c c 585 + 780 = 1365 tam gic.
Bi 38: i vn ngh nh trng c 7 nam v 9 n, cn chn ra 5 nam v 5 n ghp thnh 5 cp nam n

trnh din tit mc thi trang. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn tha mn yu cu.
Hng dn: chn ra 5 nam c C57 cch, chn ra 5 n c C59 cch, ghp 5 nam v 5 n vi nhau c 5! cch.
Vy tt c c C57 . C59 .5! = 371520 cch.

Bi 39: Cn chia 18 hc sinh ca 1 lp thnh 3 t 1,2,3 khc nhau - mi t c 6 hc sinh tham gia lm v
sinh trng 3 a im khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch chia.
Hng dn
6
* Nhm 1: chn 6 hc sinh t 18 hc sinh c C18
cch
6
* Nhm 2: chn 6 hc sinh t 12 hc sinh c C12
cch
* Nhm 2: chn 6 hc sinh t 6 hc sinh c C66 cch

Trang 38

6
6
Vy tt c c C18
. C12
. C66 cch.
Bi 40: Gii cc PT, HPT, BPT sau

1). C1x + 6.C2x + 6.C3x = 9x 2 14x
2). C3n = 5C1n

5
4). C4n 1 C3n 1 A 2n 2 < 0
4
3
3
6). A n 2.C n 1 + P2 ,
3). C32n = 20C2n

5). A 3n 2 = C n2 1
Cm = C nm + 2
7). n2
Cn = 153
Hng dn
1). C1x + 6.C2x + 6.C3x = 9x 2 14x
Cm = C mn + 2
8). n2
,
Cn = 153
K: x N* ; x 3
x!
x!
x!
+ 6.
+ 6.
= 9x 2 14x
1!(x 1)!
2!(x 2)!
3!(x 3)!
x + x(x 1).3 +
x = 2 < 3
6.x.(x 1)(x 2
= 9x 2 14x
3
x = 7
2). C3n = 5C1n
K: x N* ; x 3
n = 7
n!
n!
n(n 1)(n 2)
n
= 5.
=5
3!(n 3)!
1!(n 1)!
6
1
n = 4 < 3
3). C32n = 20C2n
K: n N* , n 2
(2n)!
n!
2n(2n 1)(2n 2)
n(n 1)
= 20.
= 20.
n =8
(2n 3)!3!
2!(n 2)!
6
2
y
y
2A + 5C x = 90
3). yx
y
5A x 2C x = 80
K: x y; x, y N* , t X = A xy ; Y = C xy thay vo v gii h ta c
x!
= 20
A = 20 (x y)!
1
.20 = 10 y = 2; x = 5
y
x!
y
C x = 10
= 10
y!(x y)!
y
x
5
4). C4n 1 C3n 1 A 2n 2 < 0
4
*
K: n N ; n 5
(n 1)!
(n 1)! 5 (n 2)!
<0
4!(n 5)! 3!(n 4)! 4 (n 4)!
(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4) (n 1)(n 2)(n 3) 5 (n 2)(n 3)
<0
4.3.2
3.2
4
1
Trang 39
(n 1)(n 4) (n 1) 5
< 0 2 < n < 11 n {5;6; 7;8;9;10}

4.3.2
3.2
4
5). A 3n 2 = C n2 1
K: n 2; n N
(n 2)!
(n 1)!
1
=
(n 2)(n 3)(n 4) = (n 1)(n 2)
(n 5)! (n 3)!2!
2
n 2 = 0
n = 2
(n 3)(n 4) = 1 (n 1)
n = 5 < 2
2
2
6). A 3n 2.C3n 1 + P2 ,
K: n 1; n N
n!
(n 1)!
2
2
+ 2! n(n 1)(n 2) (n 1)(n 2)(n 3) + 2
(n 3)!
(n 4)!3!
6
5
4n 3 6n 2 10n 0 2n 2 3n 5 0 1 n n {1; 2}
2
Cmn = C nm + 2
7). 2
Cn = 153
K: m 0; n 1; n m
1
1
n!
n!
=
(n m)(n m 1) (m + 2)(m + 1)
(n m)!m! (n m 2)!(m + 2)! n(n 1) = 306
1
1
(18 m)(17 m) = (m + 2)(m + 1)

38m = 304
m = 8
n = 8
n = 18
n = 8
n = 17(loai)
C xy = C xy +1
8). 2
A y = 20
K: x 0; y 0; x y; x, y N
y!
y!
(y x)!x! = (y x 1)!(x + 1)! 1 = 1

x = 2
y x x +1
y = 5
y! = 20
y(y 1) = 20
(y 2)!
Trang 40
PHN 2: CC DNG TON N THI THPT QUC GIA

Dng 1: CC BI TON CHN VT - CHN NGI
Bi 1: Mt hp ng 40 vin bi , 5 vin bi trng, 6 vin bi vng. Ngi ta chn ra 4 vin bi t hp . Hi
c bao nhiu cch chn trong s bi ly ra khng c 3 mu ?
HNG DN
+ TH1: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu trng c C cch
4
5
4
6
+ TH2: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu vng c C cch

+ TH3: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu c C440 cch
+ TH4: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu v mu trng c C445 C440 + C45 cch
(Gii thch: lm theo phng php phn b:

B1: Chn 4 vin bi bt k trong 45 vin (c v trng) c C445 cch
B2: Chn 4 vin bi khng tha mn yu cu: (c 2 TH)
- Chn 4 vin ton c: C440 cch
- Chn 4 vin ton trng c: C45 cch)
+ TH5: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu v mu vng c C446 C440 + C46 cch
4
+ TH6: Chn 4 vin bi ton mu trng v vng c C11
C54 + C64 cch
Kt lun: vy s cch chn 4 vin bi tha mn yu cu bi l :

4
4
4
4
4
C45 + C46 + C440 + C45
C40
+ C54 + C46
C40
+ C64 + C11
C54 + C64 = 221100 cch
Bi 2: Mt hp ng 7 vin bi xanh, 5 vin bi v 4 vin bi vng.
a) C bao nhiu cch ly ra 7 vin bi 3 mu, trong c 3 vin bi mu xanh v nhiu nht 2 vin bi .
b) C bao nhiu cch ly ra 8 vin bi c 3 mu ?
HNG DN
a) V bt buc phi c 3 bi xanh nn c 2 TH sau :
+ TH1: Chn 1 bi + 3 bi xanh + 3 bi vng c C15 .C73 .C43 cch
+ TH2: Chn 2 bi + 3 bi xanh + 2 bi vng c C52 .C73 .C42 cch
Vy c C15 .C73 .C43 + C52 .C73 .C42 = 2800 cch

b) S dng phng php phn b
8
* Bc 1: Chn 8 vin bi bt k trong tng s 16 vin bi c C16
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 8 vin bi khng tha mn yu cu (khng c 3 mu) :
8
+ TH1: Chn 8 vin bi xanh + c C12
8
+ TH2: Chn 8 vin bi xanh + vng c C11
cch
+ TH3: Chn 8 vin bi + vng c C89 cch

8
8
8
p s: Vy c C16
- ( C12
+ C11
+ C89 ) = 12201 cch
Trang 41
Bi 3: Mt hp ng 15 vin bi khc nhau gm 4 bi , 5 bi trng v 6 bi vng. Tnh s cch chn 4 vin bi

t hp sao cho khng c 3 mu.
HNG DN
4
4
+ TH1: Chn 4 bi ton c C cch

+ TH2: Chn 4 bi ton trng c C45 cch
+ TH3: Chn 4 bi ton vng c C46 cch
(
)
+ TH5: Chn 4 bi v vng c C ( C + C ) cch
+ TH6: Chn 4 bi trng v vng c C ( C + C ) cch
+ TH4: Chn 4 bi v trng c C49 C44 + C45 cch
4
10
4
4
4
11
4
6
4
5
4
6
Cng cc kt qu ca 6 TH nu trn ta c p s 645 cch

Bi 4: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 15 vin bi vo 3 hp ng bi ?
HNG DN
+ 1 vin bi c 3 cch chn hp 15 vin bi c 315 cch xp.
Bi 5: C 6 qu cu xanh nh s t 1 n 6, 5 qu cu nh s t 1 n 5, 4 qu cu vng nh s t 1
n 4. Hi c bao nhiu cch ly ra 3 qu cu va khc mu, va khc s ?
HNG DN
+ ly ra 3 qu cu va khc mu va khc s, vy ta phi chn ly ln lt t qu cu c s lng t nht
trnh trng lp.
+ Chn 1 qu cu vng c 4 cch
+ Chn 1 qu cu c 5 - 1 = 4 cch (do khng chn li qu c cng s vi qu vng)
+ Chn 1 qu cu xanh c 6 - 2 = 4 cch (do loi i 1 qu cu xanh trng vi s qu cu vng v 1 qu cu
xanh trng vi s qu cu chn trc )
Vy c 4.4.4 = 64 cch chn.
Bi 6: T 5 bng hng vng, 3 bng hng trng v 4 bng hng (cc bng hng ny xem nh i mt
khc nhau), ngi ta mun chn 1 b hoa gm 7 bng :
a) C my cch chn b hoa trong c ng 1 bng ?
b) C my cch chn b hoa trong c t nht 3 bng vng v t nht 3 bng ?
HNG DN
a) C 3 kh nng xy ra :
*TH1 : 1 + 3 trng + 3 vng
*TH2: 1 + 2 trng + 4 vng Vy c C1 .C3 .C3 + C1 .C2 .C4 + C1 .C1 .C5 = 112 cch
4
3
5
4
3
5
4
3
5
*TH3: 1 + 1 trng + 5 vng

b) C 3 kh nng xy ra :
*TH1 : 3 vng + 3 + 1 trng
Vy c C43 .C53 .C13 + C53 .C44 + C45 .C43 = 150 cch

*TH2: 3 vng + 4
*TH3: 4 vng + 3
(khng c trng hp 5 vng)
Trang 42
Bi 7: C 8 con tem v 5 b th. Chn ra 3 con tem dn vo 3 b th, mi b th dn 1 con tem. Hi c

bao nhiu cch dn ?
HNG DN
3
8
+ Chn 3 con tem c C cch

+ Chn 3 b th c C53 cch
+ S cch dn l 3! cch
Vy c C83 . C53 . 3! = 3360 cch
Bi 8: C 5 bu thip khc nhau, 6 b th khc nhau. Chn ra 3 bu thip b vo 3 b th, mi b th 1 bu

thip v gi cho 3 ngi bn, mi ngi bn 1 bu thip. Hi c my cch ?
HNG DN
3
5
+ Chn 3 bu thip t 5 bu thip c C cch

+ Chn 3 b th t 6 b th c C63 cch
+ Ghp 3 bu thip vi 3 b th c 3! cch
+ Trao 3 b th ( c bu thip bn trong) cho 3 ngi c 3! cch
Vy c C53 . C63 .3!.3! = 7.200 cch
Bi 9: Ti cuc thi Theo dng lch s, BTC s dng 7 th vng v 7 th , nh du mi loi theo cc s
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp tt c cc th ny thnh mt hng sao cho 2 th cng mu
khng nm cnh nhau ?
HNG DN
Hai th cng mu khng nm lin nhau tc l nm xen k nhau, ta c 2 TH sau :
+ TH1: Xp th vng v tr l :
- Xp th vng th nht c 7 cch
- Xp 6 th vng cn li c 6! cch
- Xp 7 th xen k vo 7 ch trng c 7! cch
+ TH2: Xp th v tr l :
- Xp th th nht c 7 cch
- Xp 6 th cn li c 6! cch
- Xp 7 th vng xen k vo 7 ch trng c 7! cch
p s: Vy c 7.6!.7! + 7.6!.7! = 50.803.200 cch
Bi 10: T 20 cu hi trc nghim gm 9 cu d, 7 cu TB, 4 cu kh. Ngi ta chn ra 10 cu lm
kim tra sao cho phi c 3 loi d, TB, kh. Hi c th lp c bao nhiu kim tra ?
HNG DN
S dng phng php phn b
* Bc 1: Chn 10 cu ty trong 20 cu c C10
20 cch
* Bc 2: Chn 10 cu khng tha mn yu cu, ta c cc TH sau:
+ TH1: Chn 10 cu d v TB trong 16 cu c C10
16 cch
+ TH2: Chn 10 cu d v kh trong 13 cu c C10

13 cch
+ TH3: Chn 10 cu TB v kh trong 11 cu c C10
11 cch
10
10
10
Kt lun: vy c C10
20 C16 + C13 + C11 = 176451 kim tra tha mn yu cu
Trang 43
(Ch : 9; 7; 4 < 10 nn khng c TH kim tra ch c duy nht 1 loi cu hi)

Bi 11: T 20 cu hi trc nghim gm 9 cu d, 7 cu TB v 4 cu kh. Ngi ta chn ra 7 cu lm
kim tra sao cho phi c 3 loi d - TB - kh. Hi c bao nhiu cch lp kim tra ?
HNG DN
* Bc 1: Chn 7 cu bt k trong 20 cu ta c C720 cch chn
* Bc 2: Chn 7 cu khng tha mn yu cu, vy c cc trng hp sau
+ TH1: 7 cu ton d c C79 cch
+ TH2: 7 cu ton TB c C77 cch
7
+ TH3: 7 cu d v TB c C16
C97 + C77 cch
(Gii thch: S dng phng php phn b

7
cch
B1: Chn 7 cu bt k trong 16 cu c C16
B2: Chn 7 cu khng tha mn yu cu c cc TH
+ TH1: 7 cu ton d c C79 cch
+ TH2: 7 cu ton TB c C77 cch
7
Vy chn 7 cu d v TB c C16
C97 + C77 cch )
7
+ TH4: 7 cu d v kh c C13
C79 cch
7
cch
B2: Chn 7 cu khng tha mn yu cu vy chn 7 cu ton d c C79 cch

7
Vy chn 7 cu d v kh c C13
C79 cch )
7
+ TH5: Chn 7 cu TB v kh c C11
C77 cch
7
cch
B2: Chn 7 cu khng tha mn yu cu vy chn 7 cu ton kh c C77 cch

7
Vy chn 7 cu TB v kh c C13
C79 cch )
7
7
7
Kt lun: vy c C720 C79 + C77 + C16
C79 + C77 + C13
C79 + C11
C77 = 64071 kim tra
Ch : Bi tp ny kim tra c 7 cu (7 = 7; 7 < 9) nn c th lp c ton cu d, ton cu TB
Bi 12 (KB - 2004): Trong 1 mn hc, thy gio c 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 kh, 10 TB, 15 d. T 30
cu hi c th lp c bao nhiu kim tra, mi gm 5 cu hi khc nhau, sao cho mi nht thit
phi c 3 loi cu hi (kh, TB, d) v s cu hi d khng t hn 2 ?
HNG DN
+ V c 5 cu gm 3 loi (kh, TB, d), s cu d khng t hn 2 s cu d ch c th l 2; 3
(khng th l 4), do ta c cc TH sau :
2
2
- TH1: Chn 5 cu trong 2 d, 2 TB, 1 kh c C15
.C10
.C15 cch
2
1
.C10
.C52 cch
3
1
.C10
.C15 cch
Trang 44

2
2
2
1
3
1
Vy c C15
.C10
.C15 + C15
.C10
.C52 + C15
.C10
.C15 = 56.875 kim tra
Bi 13: i tuyn HSG ca 1 trng gm 18 em, trong 7 em khi 12, 6 em khi 11, 5 em khi 10. Tnh
s cch chn 6 em trong i tuyn i d tri h sao cho mi khi t nht 1 em c chn.
HNG DN
6
* Bc 1: Chn 6 em bt k ta c: C18
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 6 em khng tha mn yu cu, vy c cc TH sau:
+ TH1: 6 em ton khi 12 c C67 cch
6
+ TH3: 6 em ton khi 12 v khi 11 c C13
C76 + C66 cch
(Gii thch: s dng phng php phn b

6
B1: Chn 6 em bt k c C13
cch
B2: Chn 6 em khng tha mn yu cu c cc TH sau:
6
Vy chn 6 em ton khi 12 v khi 11 c C13
C76 + C66 cch )
6
C67 cch
6
C66 cch
6
6
6
6
Kt lun: vy c C18
C67 + C66 + C13
C67 + C66 + C12
C67 + C11
C66 = 15470 cch chn
Bi 14: T 1 nhm gm 30 hc sinh (15 hc sinh khi A, 10 hc sinh khi B, 5 hc sinh khi C), chn ra 15
hc sinh sao cho c t nht 5 hc sinh khi A v c ng 2 hc sinh khi C. Tnh s cch chn ?
HNG DN : s dng phng php phn b

* Bc 1: Chn 2 hc sinh khi C, 13 hc sinh cn li ty t 25 hc sinh (thuc khi A v B) c C52 .C13
25
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 2 hc sinh khi C, 13 hc sinh cn li chn t 25 hc sinh (thuc khi A v B) khng tha
mn yu cu :
4
9
+ TH1: Chn 2 hc sinh khi C, 4 hc sinh khi A, 9 hc sinh khi B c C52 .C15
.C10
cch
5
+ TH2: Chn 2 hc sinh khi C, 3 hc sinh khi A, 10 hc sinh khi B c C52 .C13
.C10
10 cch
(cc TH chn 2 hc sinh khi A, 11 hc sinh khi B khng tn ti v 11 > 10 )
2
4
9
2
5
10
p s: c C52 .C13
25 - ( C5 .C15 .C10 + C5 .C13 .C10 ) = 51.861.950 cch
Bi 15: T 1 nhm gm 12 hc sinh (4 hc sinh khi A, 4 hc sinh khi B, 4 hc sinh khi C) chn ra 5 hc
sinh sao cho mi khi t nht 1 hc sinh. Tnh s cch chn.
HNG DN: s dng phng php phn b
5
* Bc 1: Chn 5 hc sinh ty trong 12 hc sinh c C12
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 5 hc sinh khng tha mn yu cu bi ton:
+ TH1: 5 hc sinh ch gm khi A v B c C58 cch
+ TH2: 5 hc sinh ch gm khi A v C c C58 cch
Trang 45
+ TH3: 5 hc sinh ch gm khi B v C c C58 cch

5
p s: Vy c C12
- 3. C58 = 624 cch
Bi 16: (HKD - 2006) i thanh nin xung kch ca mt trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh, gm 5 hc sinh
lp A, 4 hc sinh lp B v 3 hc sinh lp C. Cn chn ra 4 hc sinh tham gia trc tun, sao cho 4 hc sinh
khng qu 2 trong 3 lp ni trn. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ?
4
* Bc 1: Chn 4 hc sinh trong 12 hc sinh c C12
= 495 cch
* Bc 2: Chn 4 hc sinh khng tha mn yu cu bi ( c 3 lp) c
C15 .C14 .C32 + C15 .C42 .C13 + C52 .C14 .C13 = 270 cch
p s: Vy c 495 - 270 = 225 cch.
Bi 17: Mt i vn ngh c 20 ngi trong 10 nam v 10 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ra 5 ngi sao
cho c t nht 2 nam v c t nht 1 n ?
* Bc 1: Chn 5 ngi bt k trong 20 ngi c C520 cch
* Bc 2: Chn 5 ngi khng tha mn yu cu :
5
+ TH1: Chn 5 ngi ton n c C10
cch
5
+ TH2: Chn 5 ngi ton nam c C10
cch
4
+ TH3: Chn 1 nam v 4 n c C110 .C10
cch
5
5
4
p s: Vy c C520 - ( C10
+ C10
+ C110 .C10
) = 12.900 cch
Bi 18: Lp 11A ca Tun c 11 hc sinh nam v 18 hc sinh n.

a) C bao nhiu cch chn ra mt i vn ngh gm 10 ngi nam v n.
b) Chn 1 i trc nht gm 13 ngi, trong c 1 t trng. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu Tun lun
c mt trong t v ch l thnh vin ?
HNG DN
a) S dng phng php phn b

* Bc 1: Chn 10 ngi bt k trong 29 ngi c C10
29 cch
* Bc 2: Chn 10 ngi khng tha mn yu cu :
+ TH1: Chn 10 ngi ton nam c C10
11 cch
+ TH2: Chn 10 ngi ton n c C10
18 cch
10
10
p s: Vy c C10
29 - ( C11 + C18 ) = 19986241 cch
b)
+ Chn Tun lun c mt trong i c 1 cch
+ Chn 1 t trng c C128 cch
+ Chn 11 thnh vin cn li c C11

27
Vy c 1. C128 . C11
27 = 216332480 cch
Bi 19: Mt trng trung hc c 7 thy dy Ton, 6 thy dy L v 4 thy dy Ha. Chn t ra 5 thy i
d i hi. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn c 3 b mn ?
Trang 46

5
* Bc 1: Chn 5 thy trong 17 thy c C17
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 5 thy khng tha mn yu cu :
5
+ TH1: Chn 5 thy dy Ton + L c C13
cch
5
+ TH2: Chn 5 thy dy Ton + Ha c C11
cch
5
+ TH3: Chn 5 thy dy L + Ha c C10
cch
+ TH4: Chn 5 thy dy Ton c C57 cch

+ TH5: Chn 5 thy dy L c C56 cch
5
5
5
5
p s: Vy c C17
- ( C13
+ C11
+ C10
+ C57 + C56 ) = 4214 cch
Bi 20 (KB - 2005): Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ngi gm 12 nam v 3 n. Hi c bao nhiu
cch phn cng i v gip 3 tnh min ni sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n ?
HNG DN
+ C 3 tnh min ni, ta gi l A, B, C.
+ Tt c c 15 ngi, chia cho 3 tnh, mi tnh 5 ngi.
4
+ Chn i thanh nin tnh nguyn cho tnh A c C12
.C13 cch
4
+ Chn i thanh nin tnh nguyn cho tnh B c C12
.C12 cch
4
+ Chn i thanh nin tnh nguyn cho tnh C c C12
.C11 cch
4
4
4
Vy c ( C12
.C13 ).( C12
.C12 ).( C12
.C11 ) = 207.900 cch
Bi 21: C 5 nh Ton hc nam, 3 nh Ton hc n, 4 nh Vt l nam. Mun lp mt on cng tc c 3

ngi gm c nam ln n, cn c c nh Ton hc ln Vt l. Hi c bao nhiu cch thnh lp on cng tc
nh vy ?
HNG DN
+ TH1: Chn 1 nh Ton hc nam + 1 nh Ton hc n + 1 nh Vt l nam c C15 .C13 .C14 cch
+ TH2: Chn 2 nh Ton hc n + 1 nh Vt l nam c C23 .C14 cch
+ TH3: Chn 1 nh Ton hc n + 2 nh Vt l nam c C13 .C42 cch
Vy c C15 .C13 .C14 + C23 .C14 + C13 .C42 = 90 cch.
Bi 22: Mt i vn ngh c 15 ngi gm : 10 nam v 5 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch lp mt i vn ngh

gm 8 ngi sao cho c t nht 3 n ?
8
* Bc 1: Chn 8 ngi bt k trong 15 ngi c C15
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 8 ngi khng tha mn yu cu (tc l di 3 n)
8
+ TH1: Chn khng c n (ton nam) c C10
cch
7
+ TH2: Chn 1 n c C15 .C10
cch
6
+ TH3: Chn 2 n c C52 .C10
cch
8
8
7
6
Vy c C15
- ( C10
+ C15 .C10
+ C52 .C10
) = 3.690 cch
Bi 23: Lp 11A ca Tin c 30 hc sinh.

a) Hy chn trong lp Tin mt t trc nht c 11 ngi trong c 1 t trng, cn li l cc thnh vin.
Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu Tin lun c mt trong t ?
Trang 47
b) Hy chn trong lp Tin mt i vn ngh c 8 ngi, trong c 1 i trng, 1 th k v cc thnh

vin. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu Tin lun c mt trong i ?
HNG DN
a) Khi Tin lun c mt trong t th Tin c th l t trng hoc thnh vin.
+ TH1: Nu Tin l t trng :
- Chn Tin lm t trng c 1 cch
- Chn 10 thnh vin cn li c C10
29 cch
+ TH2: Nu Tin l thnh vin :
- Chn Tin l thnh vin c 1 cch
- Chn 1 t trng c C129 cch
- Chn 9 thnh vin cn li c C928 cch
1
9
Vy tt c c 1. C10
29 + 1. C 29 . C 28 = 220.330.110 cch
b) Khi Tin lun c mt trong t th Tin c th l t trng, th k hoc thnh vin.
+ TH1: Nu Tin l t trng :
- Chn Tin lm t trng c 1 cch
- Chn 1 th k c C129 cch

+ TH2: Nu Tin l th k :
- Chn Tin l th k c 1 cch
+ TH3: Nu Tin l thnh vin :
- Chn Tin l thnh vin c 1 cch
- Chn 1 th k c C128 cch
Vy tt c c 1. C129 . C628 + 1. C129 . C628 + 1. C129 . C128 . C527 = 87.403.680 cch
Bi 24: Mt t c 8 hc sinh gm 5 n v 3 nam. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc hc sinh trong t ng

thnh 1 hng dc vo lp sao cho :
a) Cc bn n ng chung vi nhau
b) Nam n khng ng chung nhau
HNG DN
a)
+ Ta coi 5 bn n lun ng chung vi nhau l 1 nhm X.
+ Ta xp 1 nhm X vi 3 bn nam coi nh 4 bn nn c 4! cch.
+ Tuy nhin 5 bn n trong nhm X c 5! cch sp xp na.
Vy c 4!.5! = 2880 cch.
b) Nam v n khng ng chung nhau ngha l xp nam trc ri n n hoc ngc li
+ Coi 3 bn nam lun ng ring vi nhau l 1 nhm Y, 5 bn n lun ng ring vi nhau l 1 nhm X
+ Vy ta coi nh sp xp 2 hc sinh X v Y nn c 2! cch
+ Tuy nhin 3 bn nam trong nhm Y c 3! cch sp xp, 5 bn n trong nhm X c 5! cch sp xp
Vy c 2!.3!.5! = 1440 cch.
Trang 48
Bi 25: i vn ngh ca trng gm 10 hc sinh trong c 3 bn Lan, Hng, Nga hc cng mt lp. Hi
c bao nhiu cch sp xp i vn ngh thnh 1 hng dc sao cho 3 bn Lan, Hng, Nga lun ng cnh
nhau ?
HNG DN
+ Ta coi 3 bn Lan, Hng, Nga lun ng cnh nhau nh 1 nhm X.
+ Vy sp xp 1 nhm X vi 7 hc sinh cn li coi nh 8 hc sinh nn c 8! cch.
+ Tuy nhin 3 hc sinh trong nhm X li c 3! cch sp xp.
Vy c 8!.3! = 241.920 cch
Bi 26: Mt on tu c 3 toa ch khch. Trn sn ga c 4 hnh khch chun b ln tu. Bit mi toa u c
4 ch trng.
a) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp 4 hnh khch ln tu ?
b) Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp 4 hnh khch ln tu c 1 toa trong c 3 v khch ?
HNG DN
a) 4 v khch ln tu, ta cn chn ra 4 ch trng trong 12 ch trng (do 3 toa, mi toa 4 ch) trn tu,
4
khng lin quan n th t nn c C12
= 495 cch.
b)
+ Chn 1 nhm 3 v khch t 4 v khch ta c C43 cch chn
+ Nhm 3 v khch ny khi ln tu c th chn 1 trong 3 toa tu nn c 3 cch chn.
+ V khch cn li khi ln tu c th chn 1 trong 2 toa tu (khng chn toa cha 3 hnh khch kia) nn c 2
cch chn.
Vy c C43 .3.2 = 24 cch.
Bi 27: Mt on tu c 4 toa sn ga. C 4 hnh khch bc ln tu.
a) C bao nhiu trng hp v cch chn toa ca 4 hnh khch ?
b) C bao nhiu trng hp m mi toa c 1 ngi ln ?
c) C bao nhiu trng hp m 1 toa c 3 ngi ln, 1 toa c 1 ngi ln v 2 toa cn li khng c ai ln ?
HNG DN
a)
- Ngi th nht c 4 cch chn toa
- Ngi th hai c 4 cch chn toa
- Ngi th ba c 4 cch chn toa
- Ngi th t c 4 cch chn toa
Vy c 4.4.4.4 = 256 cch chn
b)
- Chn v tr xp ngi th nht ln 1 trong 4 toa c C14 cch
- Chn v tr xp ngi th hai ln 1 trong 3 toa cn li c C13 cch
- Chn v tr xp ngi th ba ln 1 trong 2 toa cn li c C12 cch
- Chn v tr xp ngi cui cng ln 1 toa cui cng c C11 cch
Vy c C14 . C13 . C12 . C11 = 24 cch
c)
+ Chn 1 nhm 3 v khch t 4 v khch ta c C43 cch chn
+ Nhm 3 v khch ny khi ln tu c th chn 1 trong 4 toa tu nn c 4 cch chn.
Trang 49
+ V khch cn li khi ln tu c th chn 1 trong 3 toa tu (khng chn toa cha 3 hnh khch kia) nn c 3
cch chn.
Vy c C43 .4.3 = 48 cch.
Bi 28: Cn chia 18 hc sinh ca lp thnh 3 nhm sinh hot (khng cn t tn cho nhm, khng quy nh
th t), mi nhm c 6 hc sinh. Hi c bao nhiu cch chia ?
HNG DN
6
* Nhm I: Chn 6 hc sinh t 18 hc sinh c C18
cch
6
* Nhm II: Chn 6 hc sinh t 12 hc sinh cn li c C12
* Nhm III: Chn 6 hc sinh t 6 hc sinh cui cng c C66

* Tuy nhin, bi cho 3 nhm khng t tn, khng quy nh th t nn khi hon i 3 nhm c 3! trng
hp lp li.
C6 .C6 .C6
Vy c 18 12 6 = 2.858.856 cch
3!
Bi 29: Trong mt t hc sinh ca lp 11A c 8 nam v 4 n. Thy gio mun chn ra 3 hc sinh lm
trc nht lp hc, trong phi c t nht 1 hc sinh nam. Hi thy gio c bao nhiu cch chn ?

3
* Bc 1: Chn 3 hc sinh bt k trong 12 hc sinh c C12
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 3 hc sinh ton n c C43 cch
3
Vy c C12
- C43 = 216 cch
Bi 30 (KA - 2004) : Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, trong c 3 cn b lp. C bao nhiu cch chn 3 em trong
lp trc nht tun sao cho trong 3 em lun c cn b lp ?
* Bc 1: Chn 3 hc sinh bt k trong 30 hc sinh c C330 cch
* Bc 2: Chn 3 hc sinh khng l cn b lp trong 30 - 3 = 27 hc sinh c C327 cch
Vy c C330 - C327 = 1.135 cch
Bi 31 : mt trng tiu hc c 50 em l hc sinh gii, trong c 4 cp em sinh i. Cn chn ra 3 hc

sinh trong s 50 em i d tri h. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn m trong khng c cp sinh i no ?
3
* Bc 1: Chn 3 hc sinh bt k trong 50 hc sinh c C50
cch
* Bc 2: Chn 3 hc sinh khng tha mn yu cu :
(Tc l chn ra 3 hc sinh c 1 cp sinh i - ch 1 cp l ti a, khng th 2 cp v 3 < 4)
+ Chn cp sinh i c 4 cch
+ Chn 1 hc sinh cn li trong 48 em c C148 cch
3
Vy c C50
- 4. C148 = 19.408 cch
Bi 32: Trn mt gi sch c 10 cun sch gio khoa v 7 cun sch tham kho.
a) C bao nhiu cch ly 6 cun sch trong c 2 cun sch gio khoa ?
b) C bao nhiu cch ly 7 cun sch trong t nht 4 cun sch gio khoa ?
Trang 50
HNG DN
a) Ly 6 cun sch trong c 2 cun sch gio khoa vy s c 4 cun sch tham kho nn c
2
C10
.C47 = 1575 cch.
b) Ly 7 cun sch trong t nht 4 cun sch gio khoa vy c th ly 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 cun sch SGK nn ta
4
5
6
7
c C10
.C73 + C10
.C72 + C10
.C17 + C10
.C07 = 14232 cch
Dng 2: CC BI TON LP S - CHN S

Bi 1: C th lp thnh bao nhiu s c 8 ch s, trong ch s 1 v ch s 6 u c mt 2 ln, cc ch s
2, 3, 4, 5 u c mt ng 1 ln ?
HNG DN
Bi tp ny s cn lp c 8 ch s c ly t cc ch s {1; 6; 2; 3; 4; 5} (khng c ch s 0)
+ Chn v tr xp ch s 1 c mt 2 ln c C82 cch
+ Chn v tr xp ch s 6 c mt 2 ln c C62 cch
+ 4 v tr cn li cho 4 ch s cn li c 4! cch
Vy c C82 . C62 .4! = 10.080 cch
Bi 2: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
a) T tp hp A c th lp c bao nhiu s c 12 ch s sao cho ch s 5 c mt 3 ln, ch s 6 c mt 4
ln, cn li cc ch s khc c mt 1 ln ?
b) T tp hp A c th lp c bao nhiu s c 7 ch s sao cho c 1 ch s lp li 4 ln, mt ch s khc
lp li 2 ln v mt ch s khc vi hai s trn ?
HNG DN
a)
3
+ Ch s 5 c mt 3 ln trong s c 12 ch s nn c C12
cch chn v tr cho ch s 5
+ Ch s 6 c mt 4 ln trong s 12 - 3 = 9 v tr cn li nn c C49 cch chn v tr cho ch s 6
+ Cn 5 ch s cui cng xp vo 5 v tr nn c 5! cch.
3
Vy c C12
. C49 .5! = 3.326.400 cch
b)
+ C C47 cch chn v tr cho ch s lp li 4 ln. Tuy nhin v ch s lp li 4 ln ny ta cha bit l s no
nn c 7 TH xy ra, vy c 7.C47 cch
+ C C23 cch chn v tr cho ch s lp li 2 ln. Tuy nhin v ch s lp li 2 ln ny ta cha bit l s no
nn c 6 TH xy ra, vy c 6.C23 cch
+ Cn 5 ch s cui cng ch c th xut hin 1 ln nn c 5 cch chn.
Vy c ( 7.C47 ).( 6.C23 ).5 = 22050 s.
Bi 3: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin m mi s c 6 ch s khc nhau

v ch s 2 ng cnh ch s 3 ?
HNG DN
+ Ta coi ch s 2 v 3 lun ng cnh nhau nh mt ch s kp X. Bi ton tr thnh c bao nhiu s t
nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc ch s X, 0, 1, 4, 5
Trang 51
+ Gi s c 5 ch s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a4a5
- Ch s a1 0 nn c 4 cch chn
- Cc ch s cn li c 4! cch
+ Tuy nhin 2 ch s trong X li c 2! cch sp xp
Vy c 4.4!.2! = 192 s tha mn.
Bi 4: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau v
tng ca cc ch s hng chc, hng trm, hng nghn bng 8 ?
HNG DN
+ Gi s cn tm c dng a1a2a 3a4a5a6 .
+ V a 3 + a 4 + a 5 = 8 {a 3 ,a4 ,a5 } {1, 2, 5} ;{1, 3, 4} nn c 2.3! cch chn.
+ 3 ch s cn li c A 63 cch
Vy c 2.3! . A 63 = 1440 s tha mn yu cu.
Bi 5: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn c 5 ch s khc nhau m

mi s lp c u nh hn 25000 ?
HNG DN
Gi a1a 2a 3a4a5 l cc s cn tm
+ TH1: a1 = 1 c 1 cch chn, a5 {0, 2, 4,6} c 4 cch chn, chn 3 ch s in vo 3 v tr cn li c A 53

cch.
+ TH2: a1 = 2 c 2 kh nng xy ra :
- Nu a 5 6 a5 {0;4} c 2 cch chn, a 2 < 5 a 2 {0;1;3} (khng chn li 2) c 3 cch chn, chn
2 ch s xp vo 2 v tr cn li c A 42 cch.
- Nu a 5 = 6 c 1 cch chn , a 2 < 5 a 2 {0;1;3;4} (khng chn li 2) c 4 cch chn, chn 2 ch s xp
vo 2 v tr cn li c A 42 cch.
p s: Vy c 1.4. A 53 + 1.2.3. A 42 + 1.1.4. A 42 = 360 s tha mn yu cu

(Ch khi khi lm bi ny TH2 khng th gp a5 {0;4;6} xt chung c v s 6 > 5 nn nu n ri
vo v tr ca a 2 th s khng tha mn)
Bi 6: T 3 ch s 2, 3, 4 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s, trong c mt c 3 ch
s trn ?
HNG DN
Gi s c 5 ch s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a4a5
Do 5 = 2 + 2 + 1 = 1+ 1 + 3 nn ch c 2 TH sau xy ra tha mn yu cu :
+ TH1: 2 s c 2 v tr, 1 s cn li c 1 v tr c: C52 .C23 .1 3 = 90 s (v khng xc nh r cc v tr cho

s no, m bi ta c 3 s, vy kt qu phi nhn 3)
+ TH2: 2 s c 1 v tr, 1 s cn li c 3 v tr c C15 .C14 .3 3 = 60

Vy c 90 + 60 = 150 s tha mn yu cu bi ton.
Bi 7: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch s 1 c mt
ng 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln ?
Trang 52
HNG DN
+ TH1: Nu ch s th nht l 1 c 1 cch sp xp, xp 2 ch s 1 cn li vo 7 v tr c C72 cch, 5 v tr
cn li c 5! cch sp xp.
+ TH2: Nu ch s th nht khc 1 c 4 cch chn (do chn t {2, 3, 4, 5}). Xp 3 ch s 1 vo 7 v tr c
C73 cch, xp 4 ch s cn li c 4! cch
p s: Vy c 1. C72 .5! + 4. C73 .4! = 5880 cch

Bi 8: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 7 ch s, trong ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c mt ng 3
ln, cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu 1 ln ?
HNG DN
+ Gi s cn tm l a1a 2a 3a4a5a6a7
+ Chn v tr cho ch s 2 xut hin 2 ln trong 7 v tr c C72 cch
+ Chn v tr cho ch s 3 xut hin 3 ln trong 5 v tr cn li c C53 cch
+ Cn 2 v tr cui cng xp 2 ch s cui cng c 8.7 cch (2 ch s ny khc cc ch s chn v khc
nhau)
Vy c C72 . C53 .8.7 = 11760 s
+ Ta thy rng trong 11760 s va tm trn mi ch gn tha mn yu cu bi ton v trong c cha c
s t nhin c 7 ch s m ch s 0 ng u (tc l s c 6 ch s), vy ta cn loi chng i bng cch xt :
a1 = 0 Chn v tr cho ch s 2 xut hin 2 ln trong 6 v tr c C62 cch, chn v tr cho ch s 3 xut hin
3 ln trong 4 v tr c C43 cch. 7 v tr cui cng xp 7 ch s cn li c 7 cch (1; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9). Vy c
C62 . C43 .7 = 420 s

p s: c 11760 - 420 = 11.340 s tha mn yu cu
CCH KHC
* TH1 : S c ch s 0
+ t ch s 0, c 6 cch t
+ t 2 ch s 2 vo 6 , c C62 cch t
+ t 3 ch s 3 vo 4 , c C43 cch t
+ t 1 ch s trong s 7 ch s vo cn li c C17 cch t
Do TH1 s cc s tha mn l 6. C62 . C43 . C17 = 2520 s
* TH2: S khng c ch s 0
+ t 2 ch s 2 vo 7 , c C72 cch t
+ t 3 ch s 3 vo 5 , c C53 cch t
+ t 2 ch s trong s 7 ch s vo 2 cn li c A 72 cch t
Do TH2 s cc s tha mn l C72 . C53 . A 72 = 8820 s
Vy s cc s tha mn yu cu bi ton l 2520 + 8820=11340 s
Bi 9: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau sao cho trong cc
ch s c mt ch s 0 v 1 ?
Trang 53
HNG DN
+ Chn 1 v tr xp s 0 c 5 cch.
+ Chn tip 1 v tr xp s 1 vo c 5 cch.
+ Cn 4 v tr, cn 8 s. Ly ra 4 s t 8 s xp vo 4 v tr cn li c A 48 cch.
Vy c 5.5. A 48 = 42.000 cch
Bi 10: Bin s xe l 1 dy gm 2 ch ci ng trc v 4 ch s ng sau : Cc ch ci c ly t 26 ch

ci A, B, C, , Z. Cc ch s c chn t 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9. C bao nhiu bin s xe c 2 ch ci
khc nhau, ng thi c ng 2 ch s l v 2 ch s l ging nhau ?
HNG DN
+ Bin s xe c dng A1 A 2a1a 2a 3a 4 ; A i { A, B,C, ..., Z} ,a i {0,1, 2, 3, ..., 9}
+ Chn 2 ch ci khc nhau c A 226 cch
+ Chn 2 s l ging nhau co 5 cch (do chn t 1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
+ Chn 2 trong 4 v tr t 2 ch s l ging nhau c C42 cch
+ Sp xp 2 s chn t 5 s (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) vo 2 v tr cn li c 5.5 cch
Vy c A 226 .5. C42 .5.5 = 487.500 bin s xe tha mn yu cu
Dng 3: CC BI TON M TRONG HNH HC

Bi 1: Xt a gic u c n cnh, bit s ng cho gp i s cnh. Tnh s cnh ca a gic u
HNG DN
+ Chon 2 trong n nh ca n - gic ta s c 1 cnh hoc 1 ng cho.
tng s cnh v s ng cho ca n - gic l Cn2
s ng cho ca n - gic l Cn2 n

+ Theo bi ta c phng trnh: Cn2 n = 2n n = 7
Vy a gic u c 7 cnh
(Bi ny c th dng cng thc tnh s ng cho ca n - gic u l
n (n 3)
2
(lp 8), ta c phng trnh
n ( n 3)
= 2n n = 7 )
2
Bi 2: Tnh s hnh ch nht to thnh t 4 trong 20 nh ca a gic u c 20 cnh ni tip ng trn tm
O.
HNG DN
+ Ta thy hnh ch nht ni tip ng trn tm O c to thnh t 2 ng cho bt k i qua tm O ca
a gic u 20 cnh ni trn.
+ M a gic u 20 cnh ni tip ng trn tm O c 10 ng cho i qua tm.
2
s hnh ch nht cn tm l C10
= 45
Bi 3: (HKB - 2002) Cho a gic u A1 A 2 ...A 2n ( n 2;n Z ) ni tip ng trn (O). Bit rng s tam
gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n im A1 ; A 2 ;...;A 2n nhiu gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c nh l 4 trong 2n
im A1 ; A 2 ;...;A 2n , tm n.
Trang 54
HNG DN
+ Theo bi 6 ta c s cc hnh ch nht to thnh t a gic u 2n cnh ni tip ng trn (O) l Cn2
+ S tam gic to thnh t 3 trong 2n nh ca a gic ni trn l C32n

+ Theo bi ta c phng trnh C32n = 20.Cn2 n = 8
Bi 4: Xt tam gic c 3 nh ly t cc nh ca a gic u H c 10 cnh
a) C tt c bao nhiu tam gic ? C bao nhiu tam gic c ng 2 cnh ca H ?
b) C bao nhiu tam gic c ng 1 cnh l ca H ? C bao nhiu tam gic khng c cnh no ca H ?
HNG DN
a)
3
+ C C10
tam gic c 3 nh l nh ca H
+ Tam gic c ng 2 cnh l 2 cnh ca H c to bi 3 nh lin tip ca a gic H ( A1 A 2 A 3 ...A10 ).

l cc tam gic : A1 A 2 A 3 ; A 2 A 3 A 4 ; A 3 A 4 A 5 ;...; A 9 A10 A1 ; A10 A1 A 2 nn c 10 tam gic
b)
+ Tam gic c ng 1 cnh ca H c to ra bng cch: chn 1 cnh bt k ca H (b i 4 nh) ni vi 1
trong 6 nh ca H. Vy ng vi 1 cnh bt k ca H ni vi 6 nh nh vy s c 6 tam gic tha mn. M
H c 10 cnh nn c 6.10 = 60 tam gic tha mn.
3
+ Kt hp phn a) ta c s tam gic khng c cnh no ca H l : C10
( 10 + 60 ) = 50 tam gic
Bi 5: Cho 15 im trn mt phng, trong khng c 3 im no thng hng. Xt tp hp cc ng thng
i qua 2 trong 15 im cho. S giao im khc 15 im cho do cc ng thng ny to thnh l bao
nhiu ?
HNG DN
2
+ S ng thng to thnh t 2 trong 15 im l C15
= 105
+ tm s giao im khc 15 im cho do cc ng thng ny to thnh ta s dng phng php phn
b :
2
* Bc 1: Nu coi 2 ng thng c 1 giao im th ta c C105
giao im
* Bc 2: V s giao im khc 15 im cho nn ta thy rng:
- Chn 1 trong 15 im s c 14 ng thng i qua (v khng c 3 im no thng hng)
2
Chn 1 im bt k trong 15 im th im phi l giao ca C14
cp ng thng.
2
2
15 im cho s c 15.C14
cp ng thng c 15.C14
giao im i qua 15 im cho.
2
2
p s: Vy c C105
15.C14
= 4095 s giao im cn tm
Bi 6: Cho 2 h ng thng ct nhau: H ( L1 ) gm 10 ng thng song song vi nhau, h ( L 2 ) gm 15
ng thng song song vi nhau. Hi c bao nhiu hnh bnh hnh c to thnh bi ( L1 ) v ( L 2 ) ?
HNG DN
+ Do cc ng thng thuc h ( L1 ) song song, cc ng thng thuc h ( L 2 ) song song, m 1 hnh bnh
hnh c to bi 2 cp ng thng song song ct nhau.
Trang 55
+ Vy chn 2 ng thng bt k trong h ( L1 ) v 2 ng thng bt k trong h ( L 2 ) s c 1 hnh bnh

2
2
hnh c C10
.C15
= 4725 hnh bnh hnh (coi cc ng thng h ( L1 ) khng song song cc ng
thng h ( L 2 ) )
Bi 7: Cho hnh thp gic li. Hi c th lp c bao nhiu tam gic c nh l nh ca thp gic li,
nhng cnh ca tam gic khng phi l cnh ca thp gic li ?
3
* Bc 1: S tam gic to thnh t 3 nh bt k ca thp gic li l C10
* Bc 2: Ta tm s tam gic c 3 nh ca thp gic li nhng c t nht 1 cnh l cnh ca thp gic li :
+ TH1: Tam gic c 1 cnh ca thp gic :
- C 10 cch chn 1 cnh l cnh ca thp gic (chn xong 2 nh ca tam gic)
- Chn nh cn li c 6 cch (tr 2 nh chn v 2 nh khc ca thp gic k vi 2 nh y)
c 10.6 = 60 tam gic c 1 cnh ca thp gic
+ TH2: Tam gic c 2 cnh ca thp gic : C 10 tam gic (Xem Bi 4)
3
p s: Vy s tam gic tha mn yu cu l C10
- (60 + 10) = 50
(Bi 7 ny bn cht ging Bi 4 phn b)
Dng 4: CC BI TON V PHN CHIA TP HP

Bi 1: Cho tp hp A gm 15 phn t khc nhau.
a) C bao nhiu cp hp con ca A ?
b) C bao nhiu tp hp con khc rng ca A m s phn t l s chn ?
HNG DN
a) S cc tp hp con ca A c th c 0, 1, 2, 3, , 15 phn t s cc tp hp con ca A l
0
2
3
C15
+ C115 + C15
+ C15
+ ... + C15
15
Theo cng thc m s tp hp con th kt qu trn bng 215

2
4
6
8
b) S tp hp con khc rng ca A m s phn t l s chn l C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15
+ Ta tnh tng trn bng cch nh sau : (Bin i v tp con c phn t chn)
* Ta c :
0
1
2
3
15
C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15 + C15
0
2
12
14
0
= C15
+ C14
15 + C15 + C15 + ... + C15 + C15
0
2
4
6
= 2 C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15
0
2
4
6
14
= 2.C15
+ 2. C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C15
T :
2
4
6
0
1
2
3
14
15
0
2. C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15 = C15 + C15 + C15 + C15 + ... + C15 + C15 2.C15
(
2. ( C
2. ( C
2
15
4
6
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15
2
15
4
6
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15
)
)=2
)=2
15
0
2.C15
15
2.1
2
4
6
14
C15
+ C15
+ C15
+ ... + C14
15 = 2 1
Trang 56
Bi 2: Cho tp hp A gm 20 phn t khc nhau. C bao nhiu tp hp con khc rng ca A m s phn t
l s chn ?
HNG DN
S tp hp con khc rng ca A m s phn t l s chn l C220 + C420 + C620 + C820 + ... + C20
20
+ Ta tnh tng trn bng cch nh sau : (Bi ny khng tnh theo cch Bi 1 c v 20 - 1; 20 - 3; 20 - 5; 20
- 7; kt qu khng ra s chn)
* Ta c :
3
20
20
C020 + C120 + C 220 + C20
+ ... + C19
20 + C 20 = 2 = ( 1 + 1 )
* Mt khc ta c :
2
3
20
20
C020 C120 + C20
C20
+ ... C19
20 + C 20 = 0 = ( 1 1 )
(
)=2
20
20
(1)
(2)
2
20
+ C420 + C620 + C820 + ... + C20
* Ly (1) cng vi (2) v theo v ta c : 2 C020 + C20
20 = 2
2.C020 + 2 C220 + C420 + C620 + C820 + ... + C 20

20
20
220 2.C020
= 219 1
2
Bi 3 (KB - 2006): Cho tp A gm n phn t ( n 4 ) . Bit s tp hp con cha 4 phn t ca A bng 20 ln
C220 + C420 + C620 + C820 + ... + C 20

20 =
s tp hp con cha 2 phn t ca A. Tm s k {1, 2, 3,...,n} sao cho s tp hp con cha k phn t ca A
l ln nht .
HNG DN
+ Theo gi thit ta c phng trnh C = 20.C ... n = 18 . Vy A c 18 phn t
4
n
2
n
k
+ S tp hp con cha k phn t ca A l C18
k
k 1
17
19
C18 C18
+ s tp hp con cha k phn t ca A l ln nht th k
...
k
k=9
k +1
2
2
C18 C18
NGUYN HU BIN
Fb: https://www.facebook.com/ng.huubien
Nhm n thi H mn ton: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nguyenhuubien
Trang 57

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CM NANG CHO MA THI

CHINH PHC KIN THC

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

PHN 1: KIN THC C BN

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

+ ng vi mi cch chn 1 bt, 1 v c 3 cch chn 1 thc.

cu lc b tin, 50 hc sinh tham gia c 2 cu lc b. Hi khi 11 c bao nhiu hc sinh ?

hc sinh ng k bng , 25 hc sinh ng k cu lng. Hi c bao nhiu hc sinh ng k c 2 mn th

nhiu cch chn mt chic ng h gm 1 mt v mt dy ?

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

+ ng vi mi cch chn mn n v 1 loi hoa qu th mt loi nc ung c chn nn c 4 cch chn.

b) S cn tm c dng: a1a2a3a4 ; ai {1;5;6;7}

+ a 2 c 4 cch chn (Do cc ch s c th ging

+ a 2 c 3 cch chn (Do ch s chn ri th khng

Vy c 4.3.2.1 = 24 s c 4 ch s khc nhau

Bi 9: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s trong o cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th ging nhau ?

Bin son : NGUYN HU BIN

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

Bi 10: C bao nhiu s t nhin c tnh cht:

b) L s chn c 2 ch s khc nhau

c) S cn tm c dng a1a 2 ;ai = 0;9

+ a1 c 9 cch chn (Do khng chn ch s 0)

+ a1 c 9 cch chn (Do khng chn ch s 0)

+ a 2 {0;2;4;6;8} l s chn nn c 5 cch chn.

+ a 2 {1;3;5;7;9} l s chn nn c 5 cch chn.

b) Ta tm cc s chn c 2 ch s ging nhau

Vy c 4.1 = 4 ch s chn c 2 ch s ging nhau.

Vy c 5.1 = 5 ch s l c 2 ch s ging nhau.

Bi 11: T cc ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin b hn 100 ?

Hng dn: S t nhin cn tm ti a c 2 ch s

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

+ a1 c 9 cch chn (do khng chn ch s 0)

C bao nhiu cch chn nu :

Bin son : NGUYN HU BIN

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

Bi 14: Mt on tu c 4 toa sn ga. C 4 hnh khch bc ln tu. Hi :

+ Ngi th nht: c 4 cch chn

+ Ngi th nht: c 4 cch chn

+ Ngi th hai: c 4 cch chn

+ Ngi th hai: c 3 cch chn

+ Ngi th ba: c 4 cch chn

+ Ngi th ba: c 2 cch chn

+ Ngi th t: c 4 cch chn

+ Ngi th t: c 1 cch chn

Vy tt c c 4.4.4.4 = 256 cch chn

Vy tt c c 4.3.2.1 = 14 cch chn

nhm II: c 1 ngi (Ta chia bng cch chn ra 1

ngi v 3 ngi cn li cho vo 1 nhm). Vy c 4

+ Hnh khch 1 ln toa 1 c 4 cch chn

cch chia nhm.

+ Sau 3 hnh khch cn li ln chung 1 toa c 3

+ Vi mi cch chia nhm xp 2 nhm vo 4

+ V vai tr cc hnh khch nh nhau nn trong

- Nhm II: C 3 cch xp

trng hp ny c tt c 12.4 = 48 cch.

+ Nh vy c 4.3 = 12 cch xp cho mi cch chia

Hi s t ng k nhiu nht l bao nhiu ?

CHINH PHC KIN THC HON V - CHNH HP - T HP

Bi 16: Cho 7 ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7. C bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau c vit t cc ch s