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  • Topic 10 - Organic Chemistry - 10.2 Functional Group Chemistry - Part One-Alkanes Guided Notes

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    Jean Claude
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    Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons whose general formula is CnH2n+2. They consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together solely by strong covalent sigma (σ) bonds, making them very unreactive. This low reactivity is due to the strength of the C-H and C-C bonds and their nonpolar nature. The two main types of reactions alkanes undergo are combustion and substitution reactions like halogenation. Combustion of alkanes is exothermic as energy is released when carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds break to form new carbon-oxygen double bonds and water. Halogenation of alkanes occurs in three stages - initiation, propagation, and

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    Alkanes reactions guided notes

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    Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons whose general formula is CnH2n+2. They consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together solely by strong covalent sigma (σ) bonds, making them very unreactive. This low reactivity is due to the strength of the C-H and C-C bonds and their nonpolar nature. The two main types of reactions alkanes undergo are combustion and substitution reactions like halogenation. Combustion of alkanes is exothermic as energy is released when carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds break to form new carbon-oxygen double bonds and water. Halogenation of alkanes occurs in three stages - initiation, propagation, and

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    48 views2 pages

    Topic 10 - Organic Chemistry - 10.2 Functional Group Chemistry - Part One-Alkanes Guided Notes

    Uploaded by

    Jean Claude
    Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons whose general formula is CnH2n+2. They consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together solely by strong covalent sigma (σ) bonds, making them very unreactive. This low reactivity is due to the strength of the C-H and C-C bonds and their nonpolar nature. The two main types of reactions alkanes undergo are combustion and substitution reactions like halogenation. Combustion of alkanes is exothermic as energy is released when carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds break to form new carbon-oxygen double bonds and water. Halogenation of alkanes occurs in three stages - initiation, propagation, and

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TOPIC 10 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    10.2 FUNCTIONAL GROUP CHEMISTRY Part One-Alkanes


    1.

    Are Alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons? Justify.

    2.

    The general formula of alkanes is:

    3.

    What are alkanes used for?

    4.

    Identify the specific bonds they consist of.

    5.

    6.

    Explain the low reactivity of alkanes in terms of bond enthalpies and bond
    polarity.

    What are the two main types of reactions that alkanes undergo?

    7.

    Explain why the combustion of alkanes is exothermic in terms of bond breaking


    and bond forming.

    8.

    Complete the following table about the combustion of alkanes:


    Extremely limited
    Limited oxygen
    Excess oxygen
    oxygen
    Incomplete
    Complete Combustion
    Incomplete
    Combustion
    Combustion

    Equation

    Products

    Flame
    color
    Environme

    ntal impact
    9.

    Complete the following table about the substitution reactions/halogenations of


    alkanes:
    Reactants
    Methane
    +
    Bromine
    Ethane
    +
    Chlorine

    Balanced equation

    10. Complete the following table describing the different stages of the halogenation
    of alkanes.
    Stages

    Equation

    Description

    Initiation

    Propagation

    Termination

    11.

    Why is the halogenation reaction of alkanes is done in the presence of UV light?

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