Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 100 views

    Deamination of Amino Acids - The Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Łukasz Um
    The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in the liver. Ammonia is produced through amino acid catabolism in muscle and transported to the liver. In the liver, a series of reactions involving glutamine, ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinate, and arginine ultimately produce urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. This removes toxic ammonia from the body, which is then excreted in urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    Deamination of Amino Acids - The Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Łukasz Um
    100 views1 page
    The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in the liver. Ammonia is produced through amino acid catabolism in muscle and transported to the liver. In the liver, a series of reactions involving glutamine, ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinate, and arginine ultimately produce urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. This removes toxic ammonia from the body, which is then excreted in urine.

    Original Description:

    schemat cyklu mocznikowego

    Original Title

    cykl mocznikowy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in the liver. Ammonia is produced through amino acid catabolism in muscle and transported to the liver. In the liver, a series of reactions involving glutamine, ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinate, and arginine ultimately produce urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. This removes toxic ammonia from the body, which is then excreted in urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    100 views1 page

    Deamination of Amino Acids - The Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Łukasz Um
    The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in the liver. Ammonia is produced through amino acid catabolism in muscle and transported to the liver. In the liver, a series of reactions involving glutamine, ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinate, and arginine ultimately produce urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide. This removes toxic ammonia from the body, which is then excreted in urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    DEAMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS - THE UREA CYCLE

    AMINO ACIDS

    AMINO ACIDS

    +
    RCH(NH3)COO-

    RCH(NH3+)COO-

    AMINO ACID I

    AMINO ACID II

    MAINLY LEUCINE, ISOLEUCINE, VALINE


    -

    OOCCH2CH2COCOO-

    2-Oxoglutarate
    2.6.1.

    -OOCCH

    CH

    CH

    R.COCOO

    (NH3+)

    2.6.1.

    2-Oxo acid

    COO-

    -OOCCH2CH2CH

    GLYCOLYSIS
    Glucose

    Glutamate

    GLUCOSE
    ALANINE
    CYCLE

    (NH3+)

    (NH3+)
    GLUTAMATE

    -OOCCH

    CH

    CH

    Glutamate
    +
    NAD(P)
    1.4.1.3

    COO-

    N-Acetylglutamate

    2-Oxo acid

    2-Oxoglutarate

    COO-

    HO

    UREA CYCLE

    6.3.4.16

    REACTANTS

    PRODUCTS

    HCO3-

    NH4+

    3.5.1.2

    Glutamate

    2ATP

    2ADP

    Oxaloacetate

    2-Oxoglutarate

    H2N-CO-OP

    Carbamoyl-

    Glutamine

    MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE


    MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

    Ornithine

    (NH +)
    GLUTAMATE3

    -OOCCH2CH2CH

    Gluconeogenesis

    NH +

    H3N[CH2]3CH(NH3+)COO-

    AMINO ACID II

    Catabolism etc.

    OXIDATIVE
    DEAMINATION

    NAD(P)H

    CYTOSOL

    2-Oxoglutarate

    esi

    Glu

    one gen
    o

    COO-

    CELL MEMBRANE

    LIVER

    COO-

    AMINO ACID I

    Pyruvate

    (NH3+)

    Glutamine

    SKELETAL & HEART MUSCLE, KIDNEY

    Alanine

    2.6.1.2

    Glucose

    ADP+Pi
    H2NOCCH2CH2 CH

    COO-

    Alanine

    CH CH
    3

    (NH3+)

    6.3.1.2

    Transport to Liver

    2.6.1.2

    CH CH

    COO-

    NH4++ ATP

    Catabolism and/or

    Pyruvate

    MUSCLE

    (NH3+)

    Glutamate

    Glutamate

    2.6.1.1.

    2.1.3.3

    Ornithine

    H2N-C-

    U
    R
    E
    A
    C
    Y
    C
    L
    E

    NO.

    Citrulline

    HN[CH2]3CH(NH3+)COO-

    OOCCH CHCOO
    2

    (NH3+ )

    Citrulline

    Gluconeogenesis

    Aspartate
    - OOCCH

    CHCOO-

    6.3. 4.5

    ATP

    NH
    H+2N=C- HN[CH2]3CH(NH

    1.5 NADPH

    AMP
    3

    PP

    )COO-

    4.3.2.1

    OOCCH(OH)CH COO
    2

    NADH+H+

    Malate

    Fumarate

    HN[CH2]3CH(NH3+)COO-

    H O
    2

    Arginine

    UREA CYCLE

    OOCCH=CHCOO

    NH2
    +
    H2N=C-

    OOCCOCH COO

    Oxaloacetate

    Argininosuccinate

    1.14.13.39

    +
    1.5 NADP

    1.5O2

    Aspartate

    MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE

    NAD+

    3.5.3.10

    H2N-CO-NH2

    H3N[CH2]3CH(NH3+)COO-

    UREA

    Ornithine
    CELL MEMBRANE

    NH4+ + HCO3- + -OOC.CH2CH(NH3+)COO- + 3ATP

    UREA CYCLE EQUATION

    H2N.CO.NH2 + -OOCCH=CHCOO- + 2ADP + 2Pi + AMP +PPi


    UREA

    Aspartate

    Urea

    Glutamine
    3.5.1.2

    NH4+

    Fumarate

    Glutamate
    1.4.1.3

    NH4+

    ENZYMES
    1.1.1.37
    Malate dehydrogenase
    1.14.13.39 Nitric-oxide synthase
    1.4.1.3
    Glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)
    2.1.3.3
    Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
    2.6.1.Amino acid aminotransferase
    2.6.1.1
    Aspartate aminotransferase

    2.6.1.2
    3.5.1.2
    3.5.3.10

    Alanine aminotransferase
    Glutaminase
    Arginase

    6.3.1.2

    Glutamate-ammonia ligase
    (Glutamine synthase)

    6.3.4.5

    Argininosuccinate synthase

    4.2.1.2
    4.3.2.1

    Fumarate hydratase
    Argininosuccinate lyase

    6.3.4.16

    Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase

    2001

    IUBM B

    (ammonia)

    2-Oxoglutarate

    Glucose

    You might also like