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Alcatel LTE Architecture
Alcatel LTE Architecture
Agenda
1.
Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Evolved Packet System (EPS)
2.
3.
EPC components
4.
IP channel
(All-IP)
eNode B
What is EPC ?
End-to-end IP (All-IP)
Clear delineation of control plane and data plane
Simplified architecture: flat-IP architecture with a single core
REF: http://www.comsoc.org/livepubs//ci1/public/2009/feb/pdf/ciguest_bogineni.pdf
GMSC
Voice
Channels
UMTS
Other
mobile
networks
MSC
IP channel
BTS
PSTN
MGW
Circuit Switched
Core (Voice)
GPRS
EDGE
Softswitch
BSC / RNC
Node B
HSPA
SGSN
EPC elements
Internet
Packet Switched
Core
GGSN
VPN
LTE/EPC
MME
IP channel
SGW
eNode B
PCRF
PDN GW
EPC elements
LTE/EPC
MME
IP channel
SGW
eNode B
PCRF
PDN GW
Serving Gateway
Serving a large number of eNodeBs, focus on scalability
EPC elements
and security
Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway
IP management (IP anchor), connection to external
data networks; focus on highly scalable data
connectivity and QoS enforcement
Mobility Management Element (MME)
Control-plane element, responsible for high volume
mobility management and connection management
(thousands of eNodeBs)
Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)
Network-wide control of flows: detection, gating, QoS
and flow-based charging, authorizes network-wide use of
QoS resources (manages millions on service data flows)
S6a
HSS
Rx
S10
External networks
Operator Services
MME
S1-MME
PCRF
Applications
S11
Gx
eNodeB
Internet
S1-U
SGi
S5/S8
X2
S1-U
SGW
UE
IMS
eNodeB
PGW
EPC
IP connectivity layer (Evolved Packet System) = E-UTRAN + EPC
Service Connectivity Layer
ACPs
control plane
RNC
BSC
Node B
BTS
GGSN
HA
direct tunnel
data plane
RNC
BSC
LTE
SGSN
PDSN
SGSN
PDSN
GGSN
HA
control plane
MME
eNode B
data plane
SGW
S/P GW
PGW
Broadband capacity
QoS for multi-service delivery
Per-user and per-application policies
Highly available network elements
BSC
SGSN/GGSN
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
RNC
SGSN/GGSN
RNC
WCDMA/HSPA
PDSN
CDMA/EV-DO
Service Delivery
Platforms
LTE
IP channel
MME
SGW
eNode B
PCRF
PDN GW
Quick Reference:
Overview of EPC components and functionality
eNB
eNodeB:
all radio access functions
RB Control
MME
NAS Security
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
PCRF
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
Policy
EPS Bearer Control
Decisions
RRC
PDCP
S-GW
P-GW
RLC
Mobility
Anchoring
MAC
UE IP address
allocation
PDN Gateway
S1
PHY
Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN
EPC
Serving Gateway
CS Core
Backhaul (TDM/ATM)
PS Core
Node B
BTS
BS
SGSN
PDSN
RNC
GGSN
HA
Radio
intelligence
moving to
eNodeB
Backhaul
transition
to IP/Ethernet
RNC bearer
mobility
evolves to
the SGW
CS and PS
evolve into a
unified all-IP
domain
Best effort to
e2e QoS
Internet
browsing
to
Web 2.0+
RNC control
distributed
into
the MME/eNB
Packet data
control
evolves into
the MME
LTE
Backhaul (IP/Ethernet)
PCRF
MME
SGW
PDN GW
LTE
Voice
Broadband
services
Best effort,
Limited expensive broadband
Real-time, interactive,
low latency, true broadband QoS
Multisession
data
QoS
- Driven by UE
-Control-plane intensive setup
- theory: up to 8 CoS, practice: 2 4
(voice/control, best effort data)
Policy
Management
Network-wide, dynamic
policy charging and control (PCC)
Mobility
Management
TDM
TDM
IP
IP
IMS
CS
PS
EPC
2G/R99 3G Access
Shared
resources
PS resources
CS resources
Priority
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet Error
Loss
Rate
2
4
3
100 ms
150 ms
50 ms
10
-3
10
-3
10
300 ms
6
7
QCI
1
2
3
4
Resource Type
Guaranteed
Bit Rate
(GBR)
-2
Conversational voice
Conversational video (live streaming)
Real-time gaming
10
-6
100 ms
10
-6
IMS signalling
Video (buffered streaming)
300 ms
10
-6
100 ms
10
-3
300 ms
10-6
300 ms
10-6
Non-GBR
8
9
Example Services
E-UTRAN
UE
EPC
eNodeB
SGW
Internet
PGW
peer
End-to-end service
External
bearer
EPS bearer
Radio
bearer
S1
bearer
S5/S8
bearer
LTE-Uu
S1
S5/S8
SGi
EPC elements
Pool of MMEs
Mobility Management
Bearer handling
Security settings
Pool of SGWs
MME
SGW
MME
SGW
eNode B
Radio Resource
Management
Mobility management
Bearer handling
User plane data delivery
Securing and optimizing
radio interface delivery
eNode B
UE
User Equipment
eNode B
Other eNodeBs
MME controls how UE interacts with the network via non-access stratum (NAS) signalling
Authenticates UEs and controls access to network connections
Controls attributes of established access (e.g., assignment of network resources)
Maintains EPS Mobility Management (EMM) states for all UEs to support paging, roaming and handover
Manages ECM (EPS Connection Management) states
IP channel
MME
SGW
eNode B
PCRF
PDN GW
MME is control plane element that manages network access and mobility
23 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6
MME:
Interactions with other functional elements
Other MMEs
HSS
SGWs
MME
MME
SGW
SGW
MME
User Equipment
eNode B
UE
eNode B
Other eNodeBs
IP channel
MME
SGW
eNode B
eNode B
25 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6
PCRF
PDN GW
SGW:
Interactions with other functional elements
PCRF
MMEs
PCRF
PMIP S5/S8
IP service flow <-> GTP tunnel
mapping information
PGWs
MME
MME
PGW
PGW
GTP S5/S8
Control of GTP tunnels
GTP tunnels for UL and DL
data delivery
PMIP
IP service flows
SGW
eNodeBs
eNode B
eNode B
Other SGWs
SGW
SGW
PGW:
Interactions with other functional elements
PCRFs
PCRF
External networks
IP flows of user data
PGW
Online Charging
Systems
Offline Charging
Systems
SGWs
SGW
SGW
MME
IP channel
PCRF
SGW
eNode B
PDN GW
applications
services
IP
IP
RELAY
RELAY
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
S1-U
LTE-Uu
UE
eNodeB
S5/S8
SGW
SGi
PGW
* S5/S8 reference point between S-GW and PDN-GW can also be GTP based
Key role of S-GWs and PDN-GWs = to manage the user plane (bearer traffic)
28 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6
PCRF:
Interactions with other functional elements
AF
External networks
Policy and Charging Control requests
PCRF
SGWs
SGW
SGW
PGWs
PGW
PGW
SPR
AF
Rx
Sp
PCRF
Gxx
Gx
OCS
Gy
BBERF
PCEF
Gz
SGW
PGW
OFCS
UE
SDF-1
Default bearer
SDF-2
UE-IP1@
SDF-3
UE-IP1@
The PGW needs to support fine-granularity of QoS and charging enforcement functions
beyond transport / bearer level
Multiple Service Data Flow (SDF) can be aggregated onto a single EPS bearer
Uplink and downlink packet filters are defined for each bearer, and QoS enforcements
are applied
31 | Introduction to EPC | July 2010 | v6
Core procedures
Core Functions
Core Procedures
Charging
Network attachment
Subscriber management
Bearer management
Interconnection
HSS
PDN
Gateway
SGi
HPLMN
S6a
VPLMN
UTRAN
SGSN
GERAN
S3
S8a
MME
S1-MME
X2
S11
S4
S12
eNode B
E-UTRAN
eNode B
S1-U
H-PCRF
Serving
Gateway
Rx
Home Operators IP
Services
HSS
H-PCRF
Home Operators IP
Services
HPLMN
S6a
VPLMN
S9
UTRAN
SGSN
GERAN
S3
V-PCRF
MME
Gx
S1-MME
X2
S11
S4
S12
eNode B
eUTRAN
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving
Gateway
S5
PDN
Gateway
eNode B
SGi
IP Network
Always-on IP connection is
established and anchored at
PDN-GW
S7
MME
S1-MME
X2
S11
SGi
eNode B
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving
Gateway
S5
IP Network
PDN
Gateway
IPv4
direct
eNode B
IP
IPv6
shorter
IP address assignment
IPv6
IPv4 via
DHCP
(after)
IPv6 /64
stateless
PCRF
S7c
1. UE sends NAS
Service Request
message towards MME
S7
MME
S1-MME
X2
3. Dedicated bearer
established after
interaction with PCRF
S11
eNode B
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving
Gateway
S5
PDN
Gateway
eNode B
SGi
IP Network
PCRF
S7c
S7
eNB
eNB
eNB
eNB
X2-AP
X2-AP
GTP-U
GTP-U
SCTP
SCTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
MME
S1-MME
X2
X2-C
X2-U
X2 protocol stacks
S11
eNode B
E-UTRAN
S1-U
Serving
Gateway
S5
PDN
Gateway
SGi
IP Network
eNode B
4a
40 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008
SMS-C
CS Network
New interface
SGs from MSC to
MME
SGSN
MME
E-UTRAN
PDN
SGW
PGW
Data
eNode B
Paging/SMS
MSC
GERAN
UTRAN
MSC
GERAN
UTRAN
CS Network
SGSN
SGSN
MME
E-UTRAN
CS Network
MME
E-UTRAN
PDN
eNode B
SGW
PGW
PDN
Data
eNode B
SGW
Paging/SMS
PGW
Circuit Voice
Data
Tradeoff:
Re-uses legacy circuit infrastructure
But at the cost of Inter-RAT handover per voice call, and reduced capacity (3G) or
suspended (2G) data sessions
GERAN
UTRAN
CS Network
SGSN
MME
E-UTRAN
TAS
IMS
SCC AS
PDN
eNode B
GERAN
UTRAN
PGW
SGW
MSC
CS Network
SGSN
3
2
MME
E-UTRAN
TAS
IMS
PDN
eNode B
SGW
Circuit Voice
PGW
Circuit signaling
SCC AS
Packet Voice
IMS Signaling
Packet Data
9271
eRNC
UTRAN
S101
7500
SGSN
5780 DSC
(PCRF)
S3
Gxc
AFs
8615
IeCCF
OFCS
Gx
9471
MME
X2
S1-MME
eUTRAN
UE
9326
eNB
S1-U
Control Plane
HSGW
GERAN
9326
eNB
Data Plane
CDMA/EVDO
Ro
Rf
S11
S4
7750 SR
Serving
Gateway
S12
Gn
Gp
S5/S8
8610
ICC
OCS
S2a
7750 SR
PDN
Gateway
IP Network
SGi
Deployment Universality
Deployment Flexibility
As SGW, PGW/GGSN
or combo
Performance/QoS
Integration in OSS/BSS
Reliability
99.999+ % field proven
48,000+ units shipped
Reliability
5620 SAM
Service Aware Manager
Geo-redundancy
Scalability/Architecture
Alcatel-Lucent
Ultimate Wireless Packet Core
Millions of subscribers
Thousands of eNodeBs
Policy Convergence
Monetization and Personalization
Deployment Agility
Deployment Flexibility
As SGSN, MME
or SGSN/MME combo
Integration with NM
Performance
Superior paging capabilities
High-signallng loads
Reliability
9471 Wireless
Mobility Manager
5780 Dynamic
Services Controller
Reliability
Geo-redundancy, pooling
No single point of failure
Geo-redundancy
No single point of failure
Platform/Architecture
Platform/Architecture
ATCAv2 platform
for all CP functions
ATCAv2 platform
for all CP functions
www.alcatel-lucent.com