Physics Project Report on Rain Alarm

Project Report on Rain Alarm

Rain Alarm: Introduction

Rain Alarm is a device which is used to give the information is the rain is occurring as it
gives sound when rain falls between the two aluminium rods. As the rain drop comes
between the two rods the circuit gets completed and a sound is produced from the
speaker indicating the falling of rain. It can be used in factories, open go downs where
the goods need to be protected from rain. It can also be used as a water level indicator
by fixing the two rods at desired level when water will reach that level it will
automatically produce sound.

Working of Rain Alarm:

The aluminium tubes (rain sensors) are fixed on plastic plate with a small distance
between them. The plastic plate is immersed in water taken in a beaker. Presence of
water between the aluminium tubes effects circuit adjustment.
When switch P is closed current flows through the speaker and an audible note is
produced. The alarm is on.

When water is removed from the beaker or the tubes are taken out of water, alarm
becomes dead.
When a rain alarm is set up according to circuit diagram and is connected to input A-C
source then its working starts.
Since when there is no water droplet complete and speaker doesnt produce sound. But
as soon as rain starts water drop comes between the two rods the circuit gets
completed and speaker starts giving sound.

Construction of Rain Alarm:

It consists of various components named below:
(i) n-p-n transistor (BC 147)
(ii) p-n-p transistor (2N 6107)
(iii) Resistors (1.5 k, 330 k)0.25 W
(iv) Capacitor ceramic (0.01 F)
(v) Two rain sensors (aluminium tube of diameter 5 mm and length 6 to 7 cm)
(vi) Speaker (5 to 8 )
(vii) Battery (6 V)
(viii) Switch.

Value of Resistances and their percentage accuracy are indicated on carbon

resistance by a color code printed on them.

Color

Number

Black

Gold
Brown

Color

Tolerance
100

8%
1

Silver
Red

Multiplier

101
10%

No Color

102
20%

Orange

103

Yellow

104

Green

105

Blue

106

Violet

107

Grey

108

White

109

In Series: R = R1 + R2 + R3.........
In Parallel: 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3.........