Sha Tin College Chemistry

C5

Glossary

Electron
circuit

Sub-atomic particles which pass the electric current in a

Ion

An atom which has become charged, by either

gaining or losing electrons

Electrolysis

Using electrical energy to separate ions from an ionic

compound, and turn them into neutral elements. Often used
as a method for obtaining a reactive metal from its ore

Electrode

A conducting material which passes an electrical current into

the substance being electrolysed

Inert

Unreactive

Anode

The electrode connected to the + terminal in electrolysis

(Supplementary the site of electron loss/oxidation)

Cathode

The electrode connected to the terminal in electrolysis

(Supplementary the site of electron gain/reduction)

Anion

A negative ion which is attracted to the anode

Cation

A positive ion which is attracted to the cathode

Electrolyte

The solution or liquid which surrounds the electrodes, and

allows ions to pass to them

Electroplating

A process which uses electrolysis to plate one metal (the

cathode) with another metal (anode). Useful in purification of
metals

Alkali

A chemical which contains or releases OH- ions and has a

high pH

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