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I. Ramakumar, PMJF

Immadisetty Akkeswara Rao


Charitable Trust, Vijayawada.

26-27-77, \ ~" Z^~,


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< : (0866) 2570192, 2570309
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do not take any legal responsibility for such errors and omissions. If you bring them to our notice we shall
correct them in our next edition. All disputes are subject to Vijayawada Jurisdiction only.

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gi _ H HiH =O_^. W@=O\ =#H J<~QO =#"iH `y#
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285 u

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JO_, HO "kQ"#"i#, n~HOQ J<~QO`


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iii

#=^O` _II =~O

VII.

u 286

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287 u

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iii

#=^O` _II =~O

VIII.

u 288

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IX.

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#=^O` _II =~O

291 u

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iii

#=^O` _II =~O

XI.

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#=^O` _II =~O

295 u

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#=^O` _II =~O

XII.

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297 u

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#=^O` _II =~O

XIII.

u 298

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Qi} f"~. P `~"` _ XH\ ~O_~ K =` Qi} iux
KHk^`~.

Q@Q LO_ J<H [|# |@> z<~ +<


ZO_">\ =O\ Q~"^ z<~+< K =O^ "_`
e` H#|_`~.
Q~O H#~ =O^##C_ z<~+< K H#~ J~#n
Hxn `Ok.
|+ H=OQ~x H, c_OQ JkHOQ J H z<~+<
K JO^x \+x |~@s sHK |+x qs` uH H~}O
`Ok. K O^~ Z@=O\ =O^ "_#=~O O_ z<
~+<` iu KH|_`Ok.
HO`=OkH Q~O =z O_O Z^QO_ Jq~ JO^< =O_=K.
J@=O@C_ z<~+< K f"~. WOHO^iH Q~=O [iy HO`
|@ =K =iHO` =O@Ok. ^x= c_OQ J=` =O@Ok.
JC_ z<~+< K Q~x iQ H<K c_OQ Py`Ok.

JkHO Q c_O Q J=` LO>...


Z=iH< Q~=O [iy# `~"` WOH c_OQ H#|_` =O> WOH
HO`QO Q~O qy=O^x QiOz z<~+< K Q~O
H< J~ c_OQ Py`Ok.
Q~O =^##C_ _ z<~+< K J~< K_O [~Q`Ok.
HO^iH Q~HO~Ox =~O K #kQ =O@Ok. ^x= `y#x
g~H} Q~OH K~H`~. W@=O\ i` z<~+< K
Q~HO~O =~x "_ K Q~O =Ok. z<~+< Wx [<
=O_|> K H z<~+< K_O [~Q`Ok.
i

#=^O` _II =~O

XXI.

u 314

@Hg ^~ +<H ^i fO ^?

@O_ K~OK< z<~+< (@Hg) ^~+< (


~Hg)H ^ifO^x ZO^~ J#O\~. z<~+< K~OKH=_O =
H_ Q_ `~=_O, c_OQ Z= J=_O, H_ <~=_O, #~
aQn_O =O\#O\~.
JO^Hx W^~ =Q~ x H#_O i J~# `~"` @Hg
HO_ <~Q ~Hg K~OKH"#O\~. ~Hg (^~+<)
K~OKH=_O` @O_# J=`Ok, << |+ =K ^
`Q`Ok. H_ Q_ `_xH J=HO O_ `O^x J#O\~.

@Hg P~ +< ^~ +<H ^if^


Hh J^O` J. z<~ +< ^~ +< ^if_O =O_^ . Z=iH<
@Hg K~OK# `~"` HO`HxH ~Hg K~OKH=
=zO^O> "~ H~}O =<Qx z<~+< = H<H^.
H# HO^iH Q~O HO~O p~O@Ok. JH_ H= Ki HxH
O_Q =~`Ok. ^x= "iH `~K ` Z= J=`Ok. P `
"iH z~ Hey =O@Ok. P z~` z=iH "~ ^~+< K~OKx
Q~Oz f~OKO\~. W@=O\" JO`=O^ ZC_ @Hg
K~OKx =#@~` "~ K~OK# z<~+< = Q~xH O_
_O^h, JO^= `=H ^~+< K~OKH= =zO^h "`~. Hh
Jk x[O H^.

315 u

#=^O` _II =~O

"~ @Hg K~OK< K~OKHH~< H# = p~~#


Q~ HO~O ^Q~ O_ U~_ =O_^. H# J=Q< @Hg P~+<
K~OKH|\ P =xH "iH P O_ =^. HO`HO `~"` P
= |@_@O` @Hg = Jx J KO^`~.
z<~+< K~OK# `~"` H_ p=Q_ =Kx HO^~
JO\~. Hh Jk x[O H^. @Hg = Q "K_OQh, p=Q_
~=_O Qh =O_^. ~Qx~^H H `y#O`x"i#, Q<i =O\ OyH
"^ =z#"i# "kH= Q~O QH Ki `eHQ p=Q_x
Hey~.

H_ p=Q_ ZO^ `~=`~?


=YOQ H# =O `y# ` \OKH~<, xe<, O
e< =O\ O\|\H =O^ "_H=_O = H= `eHQ H
}Oz Q~O Q "K@@ K~.D q+O `ex" `=
@Hg K~OKH=_O = Q "Kh, Q_ =Kx J#O\~.
x=~O^~ H= u H_H K~_O Ju [O. =YOQ
H l< \OKx "i =iO`[O. W@=O\ "i Q "K_O,
Q_ `_O Ju[O.
HO` = =z# `~"` HO^iH ~_ =~. ~_<
HHO_ JO\~. Q~O Q_ ~_ Q_ `e c_OQ JkHOQ
J=_O, Q~O i=}O ~Q_O =O@Ok. W@=O\ "iH ^~+<
K Q~O f"_O XH> =~O. =O^` ~_ H~Q_O =O_^.
D q+ O `eH z<~ +< K~OKH|> Q~
xH HQ_ =Kx
J#O\~. HO^iH ~H~H W<H< ~=_O = ` Z= J=_O,
"#, ^~^ JxOK_O =O\~. J@=O\ ^ ~=_xH "~ H~}
=<~.
HO^~ W@=O\ `x H#~x ~O^ J#O\~. XHi
P~QH~OQ <K~Q J `x _ H#~ "^\ ^ J#O\~.
@Hg K~OKH|> `=H H#~ iu U~_O^x kQ_`~. W^O`
"i J=`". J#=~O ~Hg K~OKO> ~H~H ^+e`
HQ`~. JO^Hx @Hg QiOz J J#=~O.
i

#=^O` _II =~O

XXII.

u 316

^~ +< (~ Hg ) Z=iH K~ ?

H_ # Oz H K '^~ +< x Zq# ~ Hg JO\~. H_


#Oz HO_ x=~O#Oz P~+< K Q~x f"_x '"*#
~Hg JO\~.
H_# H ^~+< K#C_ J=~O |\ ZO_Hg K=K.
HO^#Oz K@C_ Jk ^~^. JQ Q `_ =O> JC_ K ^xH
_ P~+< K=K.
^~+< Z=iH K~<k K=Ok Z=Q J_Q . Q~O
f"_xH Hx `HH~} =<~.

~Hg ZO^?
HO^i c_OQ JkHOQ J=`Ok. ^x= P" ~HO Q `y, h~
_=_O [~Q`Ok. =O^ "_< `$H~"# e` H#|_#C_
^~+< K= =Ok.
_..a. (_ OH# >~< c_OQ), >~< ~_ (Q~xH
HO`) =O\ i` HO_ HO_Q ~HO JkHOQ =_O, h~__O
[~Q`Ok. W@=O\ H ^~ +< K Q~
x `yOK_O XH> =~O .

Z=~hQ K ~Hg
HO^iH H# Q~O ziy`Ok. ^xx uiy @" iK_O
^~O_ `Ok. P H ~Hg K_O ` =~ =~O =O_^.

317 u

#=^O` _II =~O

=^ _ Q~O p~=K. W@=O\ H _ Q~


x iK _O ^~H =K. J@=O@C_ _ ~ Hg XH> Q` O`~O .
z<~+< K#C_ HO^iH Q~xH J#HO_ z_=K.
J@=O\ z Z@=O\ =^O O_ =#=K. HO^i z HOH+<
HeyOk. J@=O@C_ ~Hg K==O@Ok.
Q~HO~xH ^O_ _#C_, Q~xH \.a. =z HOH+#
U~_`#C_ ~Hg Ke=Ok.
HO^iH Q~O HOkH *i`Ok. U=`O =H< |@ =K
Ok. W Q~O @`O H~ *i`#C_ P~+< K ^xx
f"=O^.
Q~xH, @|H, F=sH p=Q_ = ~Hg K=
=Ok.
HO^iH @| h~\ L|`~. JQ F=sH h\HO` U~
_`~. W@=O\"iH ~Hg KO_ P @|, F=s=~H `y
i`Ok.

H#~ `e^ ~Hg


H#~x `e^ QiOz ~Hg K =O^ "_` H#~ ^+e`
O_ `~.
^~}OQ ~Hg JO> Q~HO~O` Q~x `
yOK_O, HO^i Q~O`@ H# =O_ @|x XH F=sx _
`y~. ~O_= F=s J<~QOQ =O> ~O_O\h Q~O` @
f"~.
W@=O\ "<* ^ HQ=K. "\x QiOz ~< a
"_` P ^ `y`~. ~O_ F=s` Q~x f"_x
''< ~Hg JO\~. F=s ~O_O\h f"#C_ P q+O +O\H
`e=O> `#H P~+< `~"` "<* ^ H#|_` ^xH zH` O^_O
= J=`Ok.
iii

#=^O` _II =~O

XXIII.

u 318

^~ +< J~# ZO`HxH H #=K?

HO^~ H = =O_Q< ~Hg P~+< J~ Q~Oz


f"_O [~Q`Ok. Q~Oz f"_O` HO^i H iy`Ok.
^xH H~}O Q~ O =O ^<
O `y=_O ^ JO`=~ c_O Q |" `
`=`"# "iH ib ~=_O.

^~ +< J~#"i HH ~ O_ <


~Hg P~+< J~# `~"` H ZO`HxH < `eH
HO^~ ^O` P~<, O=`~O Py`~. XH H H H"< "_
HiH, =~HH H O> U=`O^# O. D QO^~QO J~Ox
z~, HO K@KO\~.
P~+< K Q~Oz f"< ~O_ <#Oz H #=K.
JO` QO> < k#~AH H #=K. ZO` Py< 3 <H
qOz PQ#=~O^.
WO` Py z=iH ZO` HiH` H O> HO^~ ^O`H J#Hx
qz`= Z^~=`Ok. P~+<H =O^ ZO` KHQ JOQ"O [~Q_O
=O_Q, P~+< J~# `~"` JOQO iQ "tOKO_ J=`Ok. Q
< JO@ aQnH=_O _ [~Q`Ok. nxH H~}O P~+<=
x=~O H >\ J=_O, z#k J=_O.
~ Hg J~# `ek< x=~O `_ `Q ` Ok. x
ZO_#@ J=`Ok. ^x` JOQ"O <OQ [~QH \ #@ J=`Ok.

319 u

#=^O` _II =~O

*H< *bQx, H". *bQx, #<Qx, "[<Qx H <=O^ x


=~O ~ JOQ"O `eHQ [~Q`Ok. Hk~A P q^OQ K
P# x=~O * J~ JOQ"O = J=`Ok.

^~ +<` x HeQ `_
Q~O f"_O = x=~O _= `y#@ H#|_< ~Q~Q
H #_O` 23 "~ x y ~O Q< JOQO iQ
eH "tOk.
HO^~ H Q~Oz`@ JO_ (F=s) ~O_O\h `y~.
JC_ D[< ~< `" x ZO_#@ J=`Ok. ^x= JOQ"O`
<, =O@ HQ`~. W@=O\ 'W=< H" x ~ \+
P~QH~OQ =~_" HO_ JOQ"O _ `eHQ [~Q`Ok.
~Hg`@ F=s ~O_O\h f"|_# HO^~ 4050
O=`~ ~=# "<* H} =O^Q< =~. x^@H=_O,
PHe H=_O, _+< H} HQ_O, X "_Q JxOK_O, K=@
Z= _O,s~H, =#H ^ HQ_O =O\~. W@=O\"iH 'W=<
=O\ D[< a P~ < "_e. HO^iH 23 O=`~ "_e.

iHH H#~ =z< HH J=~^O ^


HO^~ H Q~HO~xH H#~ ~Q H~O\ _`~. H~O\ @_O
= x=~O HO` kOK`Ok. Q~xH H#~ ~=_O` WH
H #_^h, HH ^~OQ=O_x J#O\~.Hh Jk H~H H^.
H#~H zH` iHQ< ^O`e^~ `O_ H <e. x
HO x^~O =iO` aQn`Ok. ~Q~Q H O><
x =~O =^Q =O@Ok. H#~ =zO^x H #O_ =<
#=~O ^.

iii

#=^O` _II =~O

XXIV.

u 320

F* = HH @=O^<?

ZO` = =z< HQx, ~+xHQx HH J<k ^.


H~OQ LOQ =#, "s~H P~QO=O> 70 O=`~ ^\<, 80
O=`~ ^\< H < =~O, ZO* K =# =O\x
"^ ij# `eOk.
H #C_ u =H HiH HQ_O, OQO H#yOK_O,
Y O^_O, uiy == uH K~H=_O [~Q`Ok. 60 O=`~
xO_<, 70 O=`~ xO_< D <Q ^ LO\~.
J~` 4050 O=`~ =KiH "<* ~=_O = Hx
=#H, s~H =~ H#|_`~. Q o, O~^ rq`x
OuHOQ =~~. ~+x# |~=, ^` H _ L`x
`y~. P iu#Oz |@_ L~Q =i` H PH, `$ =O\~.

P~QxH H #_O =YO


4050 O=`~ ^\# `~"` "<* =z H ~#
`Q_O, 5060 O=`~ =^ ~+x >~< `Q_O =< H
H"Q =O> H `_ ^. H ~# `O `Q^ H" Hx
q`O K_O K J~^. ~Q~Q H #x"i, OuHOQ
H <"i D `_ HO` H#|_`Ok. ^x` "i PO^#,
_+< HQ`~. Wq Hx =iO` _ K~.
= ~Q`# Hn ~H@, QO_@, #~[| HO^i
HQ`~. W@=O@C_ H #=K, #_^ `ex"
K=Ok =O\~. "^\ HiH=<, H O> U==`O^#x =#

321 u

#=^O` _II =~O

=oOKO\~. Hh ~H@ =<, QO_@ =z<, H"`O =z< zH`


O^` _H~ K#q^OQ H #=K. JO`Qx =<_^.

= =o#"i kQ Hx ^|fO k
H HiHx J}z"O> >#< iy =iO` J<~QO HeQ J=HO
=Ok. H O> =# HeQ >#<H ib =z P~QO QO@Ok.
5060 O=`~ =z# ~+ @ QOk ~Q_O` ~s
K==Ok. \ QOkx `yOK_O` WH#O_ H #=x
HO^~ J_`~. P~+< =O^=~ H H"Q =#"~ P
`~"` _ H H"Q< =O\~.
= =o#"~ H =~` =iO` OO^_xH OyH L`~H
=O^ H"x H~`~. OyH L`~H=O^Q WK=h [#~ x
OOkOK". P~QO QO_@O` H _ ~ OO^`Ok.
H JxOk.
H =~=O`OQ <O> =Oz P~QO, KHx "=O, HO\
xO_ x^ J=~O. ZO` = g^_< KHx HH L`~H W". g\H
`_ rq` Qq P~QOQ H#|_`, LOQ =O@, ~^Q H|~
K|`, OQ ^Q~=`, HQ K q~` =O> JxO\H qOz#
OyH L`~HO J^.
K=Ok ~+ = =o# `~"` H O>#, g~O
H`#, =$^O =iO` iy`O^x, P~QO H}O^x J_
`O\~. ^x` `eO_ "i = eOQ `y`~. g~O ZO`
~<, H ZO` < #+O^.
H #_O `y H =iO` `Q`Ok. ZO_H< QO_ _Q
=~`~. H H"Q =O_"i H QO_ KHQ H ~#x
L`u K~. JO^Hx = =ki< Z@=O\ [OO_, Hx
H#y =O> =x+ OQQ =O\_. =# L~Q =O@Ok. =e`#O
=KO^x =x+ H$Oy=_O, "~QO ~=_O =O_^. ZO` =$^O =z<
H< ~+xH< H H ''ZO_ ~O\ ^.
HO^i H q+O OQQ L<=< =O qye LO@Ok. H
OQQ L<=< =O Hey#C_ H i `$x, P#O^x O^
i
QQ`~.

#=^O` _II =~O

XXV.

u 322

Q~O ~=_xH g~H} OY


Z= ZO^ LO_e?

Q~O ~=_xH us eOK g~O 23 O.. =O_e. u


O..# HhO 40 qe# g~H}O_e. Q~^~} H=Ok
XH> g~H}"< g~O H, H@ g~H} J=~==`~.
x =~O =O_ ^" P=Q}O Hey=O\~. g~H} H~Q}O
Q "`=~}O< KHQ =O\~. P=Q}O Q ^" J<H g~H}
K`<x H`~.

x=~O g~H}

}O
JnHH x=~O#, Q~HO# Q_ Zne \+
=O@Ok. Zne \+ H^eH g~H} H^eHH =u~H k =O@Ok.
g~H} Q~HOH JO_"H "H } =O> x =~O#,
Q~HO# =O_ Zne \+ es =""O\ ^~ "\ =u~H
k HOk"H <@` g~ H}H J=~^O Hey~.
x=~O#, Q~O# =O_ H} es =""O\ ^~
J K_xH XH H~}O H^. D H} es=""O\ ^~
"\ =O_ "x |\H `_xH H$+ K~. D H _ g~
H} ~Q=<xH J=~^O J=`Ok.

< @| g~H} _ u
< @ _ g~H} }xH =u~Hk H^` =_K
O@ =O\~. D ieH H^eHH _ g~H} Z^s^=O^.

323 u

#=^O` _II =~O

=~H q+O F=s Q~xH W@ J@ =O\~. XH <


XH" F=s #Oz JO_O q_^` =~H < ~O_=" F=s #Oz JO_O
q_^ J=`Ok. F=s #Oz q_^ JO_x HiOK_xH Q~xH
~O_" XHH < @| =O@Ok.
<H XHi XH" JO_O q_^=@O =< g~H} fi ~O_
" @|H }~. D ~HOQ QO g~H} =$^ J~`~.
nxH `_ g~H} }OK JO_"H =~O \+ ZO`
J=~^OQ =O@Ok. g~H} JO_"H Q_ JOKx @x =O^
Qe. Hh D Q_ JOK =O_ \+ g~H} }xH J#OQ
=O_^.
D \+ ~xH _ J< ^~O =O@Ok. D _ H<H"
\+ |OQ =O_@O` ^xx KkOKO@ =O^ Q_O H+"#<.

J<H g~H} |e^#O` XH g~H}xH =~O Q=O


J~` ~xH _x H#O K ZO*" ~<_* g~H}
=O@Ok. g~H} ZO` Z= OY =O> D ZO*" JO` Z=Q
q_^=`Ok. ~<_* ZO*" ~xH _x H#O KOk. D
~HOQ D ZO*" Q~HO#, JO_"H Q_#=O_ \+ =~
f=Ok.
XH ~HOQ KO> g~H} =O_ ~<_* ZO*" g~H}x
JO_xH K~_xH =~O Q=O K~. JO`HO_ D ZO*" JO_O#
=O_ ~x K# K U^ XH g~H}O JH`Q JO_O eH
KK=_xH ^^O KOk.
g~H} OY `= =O> ~<_* ZO*" `= =O@Ok.
^O` JO_O` g~H}O OQO KO^ J=H #y`~. Z=
OY g~H} Jx ~H J=~^# JuHqOz JO_O ^H K~HQQe.
JC_ Q~^~}H J=HO HQ`Ok.
iii

#=^O` _II =~O

XXVI.

u 324

g~H}x xs~O K qO` iu

HO^~ ^O` Jh H=OQ< =O\~. J~< Q~ O ~^. HO^~


x=~O g~H}x xs~O K iu =O@Ok.

g~H}x x[ iK x^"

x=~Ox ^" P= (_) Q}x Hey =O\~. P=Q}O
=s Z= =#@~` g~H} K`#~`O J~`~. Q~^~} H~
H xOKH`~. ~u J#O`~O x =~Ox ^"x f "H
sH K#C_ W@=O\ iu |@_`Ok.
^~}OQ ^O` O|O^ # `~"` g~H} x~@OHOQ
Q~HOH }~. JH_#O_ JO_"HH }Oz JO_O`
OQO KO^`~.
HO^~ g~H} x=~O< K`#O H~ H }OK
H `~. ^xH P x ^qOK ^" HO` H~}O HQ, Q~
HO~O
^Q~ `Q ^Q =O_ ^~O =iHO` H~}O.

H @ > ZO^Hx?
Wk =O_Q HO^~ ~+ g~H} H< H"Q =O\~.
`H#q K`#~`OQ =O\~. W@=O\"i Q~O ~=_O =iO` H+O.
Jh =O_ Q~O~x i` H@ > (~u J#O`~ sH)
K_O J=~O. D sH ~u # ~O_ QO@ `~` Ke. HhO
P~QO@ #Oz kQO@Q D sH Ke. JO^Hx ~u J#O`~O
[i D >H ^O` Hx QO@ ==k< _H~ ^QiH "_O J=~O.

325 u

#=^O` _II =~O

~u J#O`~O K D sH x=~O #Oz g~H} He =#


^"x \` f Q _g^ " "H sH K@O [~Q`Ok.
=~ "H K#C_ u# HhO 20#O_ 50
g~H} KHQ H^` =O^ D^x `#@ H#|_e. J H#
|_H` g~H} x=~O ^"H xs~O J~`<x qOKe.
JQ x=~O P=Q}O Z=Q =<, U"< "^< Q~
HO~xH O_=< g~H} xs~O J=`~.

Q~HO~O ^Q~ g~H} `__ =H


^~}OQ Q~HO~O ^Q~ lQ~ lQ~Q ^~O =O@Ok.
nx< =H JO\~. D =H ^~O JO_O q_^ =xH g~H}
KKx =_xH J#OQ =i`Ok. JO_O q_^ k< ~u
J#O`~O =Hx \ #O ^~ Qh, \^~Qh, ~Ol^~ Qh
f "H sH K g~H} K`# iu `Ok.
J sH K#C_ "H =~ u# HhO W~"
g~H} Q H^` H#|_e. Q~HO~O ^Q~ =H =^Q
=O_ Q~O H g~H} "tOK_xH J_OQ =O> Q~O =K J=HO
JO`Q =O_^.
~u J#O`~O K D sH =O^ Qh `~`Qh [#<Okx
| h` Qh _\`Qh "+ K_^. @O| xO`} a,
"a "^#q J "__^. x Z=<, "^< "\x
x"iOK_xH zH` Ke. J K#@~` g~H} H^eH KHQ =O@Ok.
x g~H} xs~O J==. Q~^~} ==Q [~Q`Ok.
HO^i Hx H~}= JO_O }OK @| =x`~.
^x= JO_O }OK_O ^~ Q~O ~^. =i @| =x
=<, ==Q=< `H=_xH eOQ Q"ZH~ f
`Ok.

@x"i sH
@x"i q+O ^~}OQ ~H g~O sH, ~H _ JO_
, ^lH ZQq<+<, eOQ Q", PO_ xOQ ^~
O U^#n `Ok.

#=^O` _II =~O

u 326

HO^iH sH ~# O H#|_^. J@=O@C_ ~< >,


W`~ > K= =O\~. JO_O q_^x '~~ =O\a
XH H=^u "_@O, J=~O |\ ~< >, W`~ > K=
=O\~. J=~O |\ ~< WO[H# "_@O [~Q`Ok. ^x= JO_O
q_^ Q~O =Ok.
~+ q+O _ g~ H} `y#x H~<, r=O H~<
~~ =O\ a, ~< WO[H# "_= =O@Ok. HO^~ ~+H
"iH = g~H} OY ^|uO@Ok. "iH "iH P~+< K x
ik^e.

g~H} _ =u~H H} ` ~=`~


HO^~ ^O`q+O W^i# +OQ U H~}O H#|_^. J~<
O`#O HQ^. J@=O\ g~H}H O\_ > ^~ ^xx
x~~} KH=K. HO^~ x=~O g~H} eOK|_# `~"`
JH_ ^"x ~xH O^` = H^O_ P=K. Jk _ Q~^~}
J=~^". J@=O\ H H # `~"` HO` ==k x=~O
#Oz ^"x fx JO^ g~H} H^eHx JOK<"~. nxx
H~@ > JO\~.
x=~O ^" O^`= g~H} xs~OQ =~`#C_
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