29-25 2009 /

Design of a Reinforced Concrete Deck-Girder Bridge

to AASHTO & ACI Codes

:
.
1- 2-
10 30 .

Given Data:
Effective Span= 63 ft
Effective Width= 3o ft
Live Load= HS20
)Concrete Strength (Cylindrical Test) f'c =5000 psi (35 MPa
)Steel a- Grade 40 for Deck Slab f y = 40,000 psi (330 MPa
)b- Grade 60 for Girders f y =60,000 psi (414 MPa

Deck Slab Design:

)b = 20 in (50 cm

20
20

= 5.33 ft
12 2 12 2

Ss = 7

)h = 8in (20 cm
:
4in DL
:
8
4
+ 130 145 psf
12
12

DL = 150

1/10
1/2
.3-
Md :
wl 2
Dl l 2
145 (5.33) 2
=m
=m
= m412 ft.lb
10
10
10

Md = m

) (
AASHTO :
)(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

HS20
.7-

ML
HS20 :
Ss + 2
5.33 + 2
P 20 = 0.8
16000 = 2932 ft.lb
32
32

0.8

ML = 0.8

HS20
P20
32,000 LB . 16,000LB

) (Impact
) .(MI ) (I 30 %
:
...
.
150 130
3

50
50
=
= 0.322 0.3
Ss + 150 5.33 + 150
MI = ML I = 2932 0.3 = 880 ft.lb
=I

) (MT :
MT = Md + ML + MI = 412 + 2932 + 880 = 4224 ft.lb

:
18
10
(150 )(6 ) 2
12
12 = 3000 ft.lb
Md =
2

85psf:
10 2
)
12 = 1135 ft.lb

85(6
2

wl 2
=
ML =
2

MT = Md + ML = 3000 1135 = 4135 ft.lb

)*WSDM (Working Stress Design Method

. 4-

Tension T= Asfs = Compression C = 0.5 bkd fc

Moment of Resistance Mr = T jd = As fs jd
Concrete Youngs Modulas Ec = 57000 f c = 57000 5000 = 4,000,000 psi
29,000,000
= 7.25
4,000,000
20,000
= Stress Ratio r = fs fc
= 10
2,000
n
7.25
=k
=
= 0.42
n + r 7.25 + 10
k
0.42
j = 1 = 1
= 0.86
3
3

= Modular Ratio n = Es Ec

) (d req.:
2 4224 12
= 3.42in
2000 0.42 0.86 12

2 MT
=
fckjb

= dreq

...........................................................................................................................
* WSDM
:
f c = 0.4 f c = 0.4 5000 = 2000 psi

f s = 0.5 f y = 0.5 40,000 = 20,000 psi

 5/8 1in
1in d ava.) : .(5-
5
1 = 5.6in
16

d ava. = 8 1

. 3.42in 8in
.
As:
MT
4224 12
=
= 0.526in 2
f s jd 20,000 0.86 5.6

= As

#5 Ab = 0.31in 2
:
Ab
0.31
=
= 0.59 ft = 0.59 12 = 7.07in 7in
As 0.526

= Spacing

Use #5@7c/c,T&B

.
.


.
67% :
67
= 10.55in 10in
100

Spacing ( Secondary) = 7.07

Use #5@10c/c

Design of Interior Girders

T Width of Top Flange
7ft . 6-

) 40in (
:
12 20 40
) = 1850lb / ft
12 12 12

(DL = 145 + 150

:
DL l
1850 63
=
= 917,000 ft.lb
8
8
2

= Md

7-
:


S/5 S
10.
S 7
= = 1.4 wheel load/ wheel
5 5
16,000 1.4 = 22,400lb

. 4,000 1.4 = 5,600lb

7


:
-
.
-
) .( R . 7-
-
.

22,400 19.85 + 22,400 33.85 + 5,600 47.85

= 23,347lb
63

= RB

MLmax = RB 29.15 5,600 14 = 658,165 ft.lb

50
= 0.266
63 + 125

= Impact Factor I

MT = 917,000 + 658,165 + 0.266 685,165 = 1,750,000 ft.lb

8

 :
Dead Load Shears Vd . 8-

63
= 58,275lb
2

Vd max = 1850

VL
.
1.4 . 9-

VLmax = RA = (16,000 63 + 22,400 49 + 5,600 35) / 63 = 36,533lb

VT = 58,275 + 36,533 + 0.266 36,533 = 104,526lb
9

Determination of Girder Cross Section Dimensions

AASHTO v
Nominal Shear Stress Service Loads :
VT
bw d

b w v
:
:

=v

v = 2.95 f c = 2.95 5,000 = 208 psi

VT 104,526
=
= 500in 2
208
v

= bw d

20in
d req:
500
= 25in
20

= d req

#10 2-
2in 2.5in
h req 10 -:

10
10
+ 2 + + 2.5 = 31 .38in
16
8

hreq = 25 +

h=48in d ava:
10
10
2
= 40.6in
8
16

d ava = 48 1 2.5

As:

1,750,000 12
=
= 18.855in 2
= As
7
t
) f s (d ) 30,000(40.6
2
2
MT

10

As 18.855
=
= 14.85 15bars
Ab
1.27

= Number of #10 Bars

.
:
= 7.2

29,000,000
57,000 5,000

29,000,000
57,000 f ' c

f s 30,000
=
= 15
fc
2,000

=r

7.2
n
=
= 0.324
n + r 7.2 + 15

=k

k
0.324
= 1
= 0.892
3
3

j = 1

MT
)b hf j d
= 1342 psi f all 2000 psi O.K

1,750,000 12

hf
2kd

= fc
(1

7
(1
) 12 7 7 0.892 40.625
2 0.324 40.625

11

=n

= fc

Web Shear Reinforcement

d
) (40.625in=3.4ft .
10ft .
31.5 3.4
= 52,012lb
31.5
31.5 10
= 58,275
= 39,775lb
31.5

Vd 3.4 = 58,275

Vd10

VL3.4 = RA = (5,600 31.5 + 22,400 (45.6 + 59.6)) / 63 = 40,213lb

VL10 = RA = (5,600 25 + 22,400 (39 + 53)) / 63 = 34,933lb

12

VT3.4 = 52,012 + 1.266(40,213) = 102,922lb

VT10 = 39,775 + 1.266(34,933) = 84,000lb
VT
bd

=v

Shear Stress

102 ,922
= 127 psi
20 40 .625

= v3.4

84,000
= 104 psi
20 40.625

= v10

:
vc = 0.95 f ' c = 0.95 5,000 = 67 psi

Stirrups

d/2

. 40.625/2=20in #5
:
Av f s 0.62 30,000
=
= 46 psi
s bw
20 20

= v vc

67 + 46 = 113 psi

63 2 10 = 43 ft

Stirrups :
Av f s
0.62 30,000
=
= 15.5in 15in
(v v c )bw (127 67) 20

Stirrups . 14-
. 15-

13

=s

14

15

-1-

Conversion factores, U.S. custuomary units to SI metric units

Spans

1ft = 0.3048m

Displacements

1in = 25.4mm

Surface area

1ft = 0.0929m

Volume

1ft = 0.0283m
1yd = 0.765m

Overall Geometry

Sructural Properties
Area

1in = 645.2mm

Section modulus

1in = 16.3910mm

Moment of
inertia

1in1in4 = 0 .4162 10 6 mm 4

Loadings
Concentrated loads

1lb = 4.448N
1kip = 4.448kN
1lb/ft = 0.1571kN/m

Linear loads

1kip/ft = 14.59kN/m
1lb/ft = 0.0479kN/m
1kip/ft = 47.9kN/m

Stress and moments

Stress

Moment or tourque

Density

Surface loads

1lb/in =
0.006895MPa
1kip/in = 6.895MPa
1ft.lb = 1.356N.m
1ft.kip = 1.356kN.m

16

-2-
)(units U.S
Unit
weight

Perimeter

c/s Area

Diameter

Bar
No.

lb/ft

in

in

in

0.167

0.79

0.05

0.376

1.18

0.11

)(3/8

0.668

1.57

0.2

1.043

1.96

0.31

)(5/8

1.502

2.36

0.44

2.044

2.75

0.6

)(7/8

2.67

3.14

0.79

3.4

3.54

)(9/8

4.303

3.99

1.27

)(10/8

10

5.313

4.43

1.56

)(11/8

11

7.65

5.32

2.25

)(14/8

14

13.6

7.09

)(18/8

18

)(SI units
Bar
No.

) 6(

kg

kg

mm

mm

mm

666

1.5

0.25

20

32

6.3

297

3.36

0.56

30

71

9.5

166

40

129

12.7

107

9.3

1.55

50

200

15.8

74

13.41

2.23

60

283

19

54

18.25

3.04

70

387

22.2

42

23.84

3.97

80

509

25.4

33

30.36

5.06

90

645

28.5

26

38.42

6.4

100

819

31.7

10

21

47.44

7.91

110

1006

34.9

11

14.6

68.3

11.38

135

1451

44.4

14

8.2

121.42

20.24

180

2580

57.1

18

17

 :
HS20
AASHTO

.
.

.
Class 100 :

Military Bridge Loading

Standard Vehicle Class 100

Impact Factor

)Span of Concrete Bridge (ft

0.40

0.39
0.37
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.24
0.12
0.00

6
20
33
65
98
130
164
More than 164

18

Deck Slab check:

Md = 412 ft.lb
5.33 + 2
30,000 = 5497 ft.lb
ML = 0.8
32
I = 0.32
MT = 412 + 1.32 5497 = 7670 ft.lb

For Military Loading, it is allowed to overstress materials as follows:

+25% for Steel
+33% for Concrete
f s = 0.75 f y = 0.75 60.000 = 45,000 psi
f c = 0.73 f ' c = 0.73 5,000 = 3650 psi
n = 7.2
45,000
r=
= 12.33
3650
7.2
k=
= 0.37
7.2 + 12.33
0.37
j = 1
= 0.877
3
2 7670 12
d erq. =
= 3.6in
3650 0.37 0.877 12
5
d ava. = 8 1 1
= 5.6in d req 3.6in O.K
16
7670 12
As =
= 0.42in 2 / ft
45,000 0.877 5.6
0.31
= 0.75 ft = 8.9in 8in
Spacing =
0.42

Use G60, #5@8c/c, T&B

By using the maximum secondary reinforcement of 67% of the main
reinforcement, spacing of #5 bars can be calculated as follows:
8.9
= 13.3in
0.67

Use G60, #5@12c/c

19

Interior Girder check:

Md = 917,000 ft.lb

63 RA = 28 , 000 ( 9 + 14 ) + 42 , 000 ( 34 + 37 ) + 21 , 000 49 RA = 73 ,888 lb

ML = RA 29 21 , 000 15 42 , 000 3 = 1, 701 , 777 ft .lb
MT = 917 , 000 + 1 . 32 1 , 701 , 777 = 3 ,163 , 345 ft .lb

Girder dimensions check:

Vd = 58,275lb

VT = 58,275 + 1.32 102,111 = 193,061lb

20

'

v = 1.33 2.95 f c = 277 psi

VT 193,061
=
696in 2
v
277
696
d req. =
= 34.8in
20
10
10
d ava. = 48 1 2.5 2
= 40.625in d req. 34.8in O.K
8
16
3,163,345 12
As =
= 22.722in 2
7
45,000(40.625 )
2
As 22.722
=
= 17.89 18bars
1.27
Ab

bw d =

Use 18#10, three layers

Concrete compression check:

fc act . =

3,163,345 12
7
(1
) 12 7 7 0.837 40.625
2 0.37 40.625

Shear reinforcement check:

Vd 3.3
58,275
=
Vd 3.3 = 52,170lb
31.5 3.3
31.5
Vd15
58,275
=
Vd15 = 30,525lb
31.5 15
31.5

According to Fig. 19,

According to Fig. 20,

VL 3.3 =100,122 lb
VL 15 =71,778 lb

VT3.3 = 52,170 + 1.32 100,122 = 184,331lb

VT15 = 30,525 + 1.32 71,778 = 125,272lb
vc = 1.33 0.95 f c = 89 psi

21

= 2475 psi fc all . 3650 psi O.K

By using the maximum allowed spacing of d/2=20in, the steel #5 bars will
resist:
v vc =

Av f s 0.62 45,000
=
= 70 psi
s bw
20 20

Then the section shear resistance will be 89+70=159 psi

It is clear that the maximum allowed spacing of 20in will be enough to cover
all the intermediate distance up to 15ft from each support.
The remaining two distances -15ft from support- will be provided with #5
stirrups spaced at:
s=

Av f s
0.62 45,000
=
10.1 10in
(v vc ) bw (227 89) 20

Use #5 U Stirrups@10c/c
22

23

24