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    Homework 4 Reading

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    4th Six Weeks, HW4

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    Homework 4 Reading

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    Joseph Cloward
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    4th Six Weeks, HW4

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    4th Six Weeks, HW4

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    131 views8 pages

    Homework 4 Reading

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    Joseph Cloward
    4th Six Weeks, HW4

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    jeune] 16. 2 492 Read on MyHistoryLab Jocument Frederick Jackson Turner,The Significance of the ‘American Frontier in American History, 1893 Read on MyHistoryLab ‘Bocument Joseph G. McCoy, Historic Sketches ofthe Cattle Trade of the West and the South, s74 continent ended at docks where ocean-going steamships carried food, limbs other materials from the United States to Asia and South America, Within j decades of acquiring the West Coast, the United States was connected to @ market of international trade and commerce that would create work for many. Jumberjacks in Oregon and Washington to miners in Idaho or the Dakotas to, farmers across the Midwest—creating wealth fora few and linking the nation’s ¢ omy to the rise and fll of world markets. After 1890, a glut of wheat in Argen could impact the life of farmer in Nebraska, and a drop inthe value of silver in jg could hurt a miner in Idaho Bven though the United States was not quite yet ‘world power, it was connected tothe world as never before (see Map 16-2), [| ‘THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST ‘Quick Review How did riroads improve transportation and communication in way ‘other imovations such as canals and steamboats could not? 5 FEAT) Analyze how indigenous people, ranchers, farmers, miners, outlaws, politicians, ang ‘American West. Land that had been part of Mexico in the 1840s and that people’ the East Coast only wanted to get across inthe 1850s became the site of vast new rancl settled farms, and rapidly expending towns. By the 1880s and 1890s, a new region becoming part of the nations cultural, economic, and political networks. ‘Of course, not all of the new settlers in the American West got along with ea other. Cattle ranchers depended on vast wide-open spaces to feed and move their het ‘Farmers seeking to establish 160-acre homesteads depended on barbed wire to fenced ‘their land, and keep cattle out, Older residents of what had been the northern partes ‘Mexico had relied on sometimes vague property lines and depended on communal gtay ‘ng lands while the newly arriving Americans wanted precise lines and built fences acs the land that had once been held in common. Setlers seeking to establish farms orb towns depended on law and order while others—outlaws and gunfighters—thought the best way to make one's fortune was to take it from others, As these groups battled f contro}, they soon came to create political organization if not ahvays social order. Cowboys, Cattle, the Open Range, and Barbed Wire White families seeking to make their fortune, or atleast a living, raising cattle moved int southwest Texas inthe 1850s, expanding throughout the West by the 1860s and 18% Allowing the ctl to gare the vast open areas abled herder to manage ger nub than ifthy had to confine them to pens with feed, Texas Longhorn cattle, the result of inte! ‘breeding cattle of Spanish origin and Anglo-American stock, seemed especially perfect forthe) region. They could survive on easy-to-fnd grass on the wide plains, did not need additional: feed, and were resistant to Texas fever, the tick-born disease that killed other cate, Furbet north in Kansas, Nebraska, andthe Dakotas, other cattle ranchers also discovered that cal; thrived on the bunchgresses ofthe northern prairies, which dried out by mid-summer bt retained its protein and fed cattle well even when theyhad tofind it through the snow: By the time the Civil War called most of the cattlemen off to distant battlefields and, left the cattle to fend for themselves, there were probably $ million cattle in west Texas Although the Comanches took their share of the abandoned cattle, many remained by: the end of the war, and some herds grew substantially, having been allowed to breed without being slaughtered for food for several years. In the summer of 1868, returning veterans reconnected with families and sought 0 reestablish the herds on which their families depended. Lee Moore remembered hel {ng his veteran father reassemble a herd In southwest Texas, “We didn't call it roundop art VI Becoming an Industrial World Power—Costs, Benefits, and Responses 1B65~1914 ‘View on MiybttstaryLab Closer Lock Rallroad and Buffalo Ot ‘Connecting the Nation Ra ines and cattle wails connected fr fling pate of the West. Gold nes cattle ranches, and wheat fermars were suddenly pat ofa worldiide market. ‘days, We called it cow-hunts and every man on this cow-bunt was a cattle hhome from the war and went out to see what they had let and to brand up.” the open Texas, land officially owned by the federal government, though con- various Indian tribes. They identified their caitle by branding them when they ing, Unbranded cattle—known as mavericks—were free for the taking, The did own ranches managed vast operations, like the huge King Ranch where King owned 84,000 actes at the end of the Civil War, eventually expanding to 0 acres, The King Ranch was one of several huge ranches in Texas and New ‘but much of the cattle ralsing in the 1860s and 1870s was a much more infor- that depended on respect for cattle brands rather than fenced private lands. developments account for the huge increase in cattle ranching in the decades ‘Civil War. Americans started to eat a lot of beef, and in prosperous times, they Chapter 16 Conflict in the West 493 164 | ua 494 Part VI Becoming an industrial World Power—Costs, Benefits, and Responses 1865-1914 Could afford to do so. Cookbooks reported new ways to prepare beef while tell cs that pork, which had fed much of the nation in earlier times, was unwhol and hard to digest, Hiram Latham, a publicist for the Union Pacific d pamphlet, Trans-Missouri Stock Raising, in 1871 that declared the only way to the nation’s manufacturing workers was to ensure they had a large supply of ‘and cheap food, food that needed to include a ealthy amount of beef (see Map In spite of the ease of raising cattle, particularly in Texas Colorado, Wyo Montana, itwas along distance from those areas to the mouths of most Amp ‘whethet’on the Pacific Coast of in the Midwest or on the Atlantic Coast, Joseph G. McCoy founded Abilene, Kansas, one of the nation’s first cattle to facilitate the loading of cattle onto transcontinental trains that would speed #4 to consumers. Jesse Chisholm began herding cattle along what came to be Kish the Chisholin ‘Trail from Texas, across Indian Territory, to Abilene to conn’ ‘those railroad lines. In 1867. some 30,000 cattle made their way along the ‘Trail, and over the next 20 years, 2 malion more followed. ‘Not surprisingly, Abilene and other towns at the end of the drive bee: paces when the cattle drive reached town. Cowboys, young single men wh i many months following the herds, were ready for @ party when they got (oy ‘The infamous Longbranch Saloon and the Dodge House Hotel, both in Dod. Kansas, hosted many celebrating cowboys. These environments offered’ only economic opportunities for women in the cattle industry, and those o nities were less than reputable. Prostitution was often the only way to s Sometimes was a rolite'to independence. A Wichita newspaper reported on £ bawdy houses” in Newton, Kansas, in.1871; “Here you may see young girls 36 sixteen drinking whisky, smoking cigars, cursing and swearing.” Most prostifti the cattle towns were very young, between 14 and 23, and from the eastern States, Europe, and even Indian Territory. Fev stayed in the business for As the demands for beef increased and cowboys brought more cattle into road towns, developments in ral transport made the cattle industry more In 1862, Gustavus Swift created « new fet of refrigerated railroad cars, Beef se took on an odd and unappetizing look in earlier refrigerator cars whem it was Pie in ice, Swit kept the ice separate and above the beef so the beef stayed cold Witty touching ice. few Chicago packinghouses—Swift, Armour, Morris, and along with smaller ones in Kansas City, Omaha, and Forth Worth, came to-dom the nation’s meatpacking industry, By 1900, 82 percent ofthe nation’s cattle wer and packed in such places. The Chicago's Union Stock Yards, first opened in 186 distribute cattle to these facilities, became the hub for feeding the world. Be As the beef industry became more centralized in the 1870s and 1880s, it conti to depend on the moscle of cowboys who cared for catle, kept track of them

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