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Spanish Midterm Review
Spanish Midterm Review
o Escucha/escuchen (Listen)
o Dime/pregntame en espaol/ingles (Tell/ask me in Spanish/English)
o Mira/miren (Look)
o Puedo ir al bao? (Can I go to the bathroom?)
o Cmo se dice ___? (How do you say ___?)
o Qu significa___? (What does ______ mean?)
o Tienen preguntas? (Do you have questions?)
o Grammar
o Commands can be directed to one person or more than one person (ex.
The entire class). In the vocabulary above, the first word before the slash
is a command to one person. The word after the slash is a command to
more than one person.
The Spanish Speaking World
Spanish is the second most widely spoken language in the world. Spanish speakers are
distributed across many countries in various continents and regions. The following list
includes each Spanish-speaking country within the region it is located:
The Iberian Peninsula
o Spain
North America
o Mexico
o United States (The US has no official language. Spanish is widely spoken)
Central America
o Guatemala
o Honduras
o El Salvador
o Nicaragua
o Costa Rica
o Panama
The Caribbean
o Cuba
o Dominican Republic
o Puerto Rico (Technically a United States territory)
South America
o Colombia
o Venezuela
o Ecuador
o Peru
o Bolivia
o Chile
o Argentina
o Paraguay
o Uruguay
Important Grammatical Notes
o The Spanish alphabet (el alfabeto; el abecedario) varies from the English
alphabet. Each letter has a unique sound. There are 27-30 (depending on who you
talk to) letters in the Spanish alphabet. Some unique letters (and their
pronunciation) include:
o (ny)
o Ch (ch)
o Ll (y)
o Rr (rolled sound)
o A cognate (cognado) is a word that has a similar spelling, sound, and meaning in
both English and Spanish. Examples:
o Clase (class)
o Persona (person)
o Matemticas (Mathematics)
o Guitarra (guitar)
o Estudiante (student)
o Fantstico (fantastic)
o Excelente (Excellent)
o Septiembre (September)
o A false cognate is a word that may be spelled and sound similar in both English
and Spanish, but in reality has a different meaning. Examples:
o Embarazada (pregnant)
o xito (success)
o Carpeta (folder)
o Idioma (language)
Adjectives that end in -e also change form for singular or plural. To form the
plural, simply add -s.
Adjectives that end in -e do not, however, change form for masculine or
feminine.
Similarly, most adjectives that end in a consonant do change form for singular
or plural, but do not change for masculine or feminine. To form the plural,
add -es.
Nationality
1. What:
1. Individuals that come from different Spanish-speaking countries have different
nationalities.
2. Nationality is the relationship between an individual and their state of origin
and culture.
3. The present form of Ser will be used to complete a sentence about ones
nationality, depending on the person. This includes identifying male and female
words.
2. How:
1. Individuals identify their nationalities in different ways and it is ultimately a
personal choice.
3. Construct a sentence using this format: SER + de + NATIONALITY.
4. The present form of Ser + the speaker=
A. Yo-soy
B. T- eres
C. l/ella/usted- es
D. Nosotros/as- somos
E. Ellos/ellas/ustedes- son
5. Examples of how to identify an individual from different Spanish-speaking
countries/regions.
6. Masculine words end in o and feminine words end in a. If the speaker is
talking about a male and female, then it automatically becomes masculine.
3. Why:
1. The distinctions between different nationalities are important because it is a
part of an individuals identity (Who I am).
2. Ones nationality also affects their culture, which includes what language they
speak, and national identity.
Colors
Negro (black)
Blanco (white)
Gris (grey)
Marron/Caf (brown)
Rojo (red)
Anaranjado (orange)
Amarillo (yellow)
Verde (green)
Azul (blue)
Morado (purple)
Rosado (pink)
el lapiz
el boligrafo (pen)
el libro (book)
el cuaderno (notebook)
la grapadora (stapler)
el escritorio (desk)
la pizarra (board)
In order to state whether or not an item is in the class, students will be introduced to the
following uses of haber:
el (masculine; singular;definite)
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
To ask how a class is, you must say, Cmo es la clase de [subject]?
To describe what a class is like, student must say, La clase de [subject] es [adjective]?
To ask about a teacher, student must say Cmo es [teachers name]?
To describe a teacher, student must say, [Teachers name] es [adjective].
Ordinal Numbers
The Spanish vocabulary for ordinal numbers are important to talk about daily school
schedules, dates, and grade levels. The necessary vocabulary for this lesson is as follows:
primero
segundo
tercero
cuarto
quinto
sexto
sptimo
octavo
noveno
decimo
undcimo
duodcimo
As with all other adjectives, Spanish ordinal numbers must agree in gender and number.
Primero and tercero drop the -o in the masculine singular adjective form.
el primer da
el tercer ao
Ordinal numbers usually precede the noun. However, if the noun they refer to is royalty, a
pope, or a street, they come after the noun.
Carlos Quinto
UNIT 5: FAMILY
The following vocabulary enables students to ask questions and talk about their relatives:
Quin (who)
de (of)
HOW: To ask about a relationship (with respect to the family tree), plug in the
appropriate vocabulary into the formula:
Quin es el/la [relationship word] de [name].
To respond, use:
[Name] es el/la [relationship word] de [name].