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Muscles and Movement
Muscles and Movement
Muscles and Movement
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth Muscle:
Cardiac Muscle:
Cardiac Muscles
Skeletal Muscle:
Skeletal Muscles
There are
approximately 600
skeletal muscles in
the human body.
They bring about a
great variety of
movements such
as:
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-Movement of limbs,
locomotion of the
whole organism,
breathing
movements of the
rib cage and
diaphragm and a
wide range of facial
expressions.
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Action of Skeletal
Muscles:
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Connective
Organization of skeletal
Muscle:
Muscles
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Muscle contraction is
brought about by the
coordinated action of
the two types of
myofilaments: Actin
and Myosin
The arrangement and
movement of these
myofilaments allow
them to slide past each
other
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Actin:
o
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Myosin:
Myosin
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Z Line
Actin
Myosin
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Step 2
Myosin cross-bridges
attach to active site on
actin.
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Step 3
A fresh ATP replaces the
ADP+Pi, allowing myosin
and actin to detach.
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Step 4
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Creatine phosphate:
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Aerobic Respiration:
Oxygen + Glucose
ATP energy
and CO2
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Fermentation:
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Oxygen debt:
Oxygen Debt
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Muscle Twitch:
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Individual Muscle
fibre contracting
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Slow-twitch Fibres:
Fast-twitch Fibres:
1) Hypertrophy:
This is the technical term given to the
growth of muscles in size due to an
increase in the size of individual muscle
fibres (not an increase in their
number!!!).
It involves synthesis of more actin and
myosin which results in thicker
myofibrals. When the myofibrals reach a
certain size they split and the effect is the
growth of bigger, stronger muscle
fibres.
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Hypertrophy
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Atrophy:
Atrophy:
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2) Increase in muscle
efficiency: