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An toàn vệ sinh lao động trong sử dụng điện
An toàn vệ sinh lao động trong sử dụng điện
Ti liu dnh cho ging vin An ton lao ng, ngi lm cng tc an ton
Cc An ton lao ng
Trong s dng in
Ti liu dnh cho ging vin An ton lao ng, ngi lm cng tc an ton
V ngi lao ng lm vic trong cc cng vic lin quan
Trong s dng in
Muc tiu ca D n: Tng cng cng tc an ton v sinh lao ng, gp phn gim
tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip ni lm vic; ci thin quan h x hi gia
cc c quan qun l Nh nc, cc t chc i din ca ngi lao ng v ngi s
dng lao ng thng qua tng cng nng lc ca Trung tm Hun luyn An ton V sinh Lao ng, cng c h thng hun luyn an ton v sinh lao ng, xy dng
chnh sch hun luyn v dch v hun luyn v an ton - v sinh lao ng cho cc
i tc x hi m bo an ton v sinh lao ng v iu kin lao ng.
Vn phng T chc Lao ng Quc t tai Vit Nam
48-50 Nguyn Thi Hoc, H Ni, Vit Nam
Tel: 84 43 7340902 * Fax: 84 43 7340904
Nh xut bn lao ng - x hi
Nh xut bn lao ng - x hi
(Ti liu dnh cho ging vin an ton lao ng, ngi lm cng tc
an ton v ngi lao ng lm vic trong cc cng vic lin quan)
Nh xut bn Lao ng - X hi
H Ni - 2008
Li ni u
Trong nhng nm gn y, tnh hnh tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh
nghip trn c nc c xu hng gia tng, trong c nhiu v tai nn lao
ng nghim trng lm cht, b thng nhiu ngi v thit hi nhiu v ti
sn. Cc quy nh ca php lut v hun luyn an ton v sinh lao ng ngy
cng c hon thin v c th hn. Cc cp, cc ngnh v cc doanh
nghip quan tm, ch trng vic hun luyn v an ton v sinh lao ng.
Tuy nhin qua iu tra v nhu cu hun luyn an ton v sinh lao ng trong
nm 2007 cho thy cng tc hun luyn v an ton v sinh lao ng cn
nhiu hn ch, bt cp nh: T l hun luyn cn thp v mang tnh hnh
thc, s lng ging vin cn thiu v cha c o to c bi bn, phng
php hun luyn cha ph hp, cha c nhng b gio trnh chun v cc
ni dung hun luyn phc v cho tng i tng hun luyn...
gp phn thc hin tt cc mc tiu Chng trnh Quc gia v Bo
h lao ng n nm 2010 do Chnh ph ban hnh, trong c mc tiu
trung bnh hng nm gim 5% tn sut tai nn lao ng trong cc ngnh,
lnh vc c nguy c cao v tai nn lao ng (Khai khong, xy dng v s
dng in), Cc An ton Lao ng, B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi
phi hp vi T chc Lao ng Quc t trong khun kh D n nng
cao nng lc hun luyn an ton v sinh lao ng Vit Nam
(VIE/05/01/LUX) do Chnh ph Luxembourg ti tr thc hin vic bin son
4 b ti liu cho bn ngnh c nguy c cao v an ton v sinh lao ng sau:
1. An ton v sinh lao ng trong sn xut c kh
2. An ton v sinh lao ng trong thi cng xy dng
3. An ton v sinh lao ng trong khai thc m
4. An ton v sinh lao ng trong s dng in
1
Chng 1
Hnh bn cu
Hnh 1.1
Bng tnh ton v thc nghim, ngi ta thy rng in p trong
vng ny phn b theo dng hypebn v c ng cong phn b in p
nh sau:
3
Hnh 1.2
in p ti mt im no y trn mt t (im A) gn ch chm t
c tnh theo cng thc:
Ux = U. X/ X = K. 1/X
(CT 1.1)
Trong :
X: Khong cch t im A n im chm t
Ux: in p ti im A
U: in p trn vt ni t.
X : Bn knh vt ni t.
K = U. X
(CT 1.2)
Ti im chm t U = Umax.
Trong vng cch vt ni t gn 1m c khong 68% in p ri.
Nhng im trn mt t nm ngoi 20m cch ch chm t thc t c
th xem nh ngoi vng dng in nguy him (hay cn gi l nhng im
c in p = 0 t).
Trong khi i vo trong t, dng in tn b in tr ca t cn tr.
in tr ny gi l in tr tn hay in tr ca vt ni t.
R = U/I
(CT 1.3)
Trong :
U: in p ging trn vt ni t.
I: Dng in chy qua vt ni t vo trong t.
4
II. IN P TIP XC
Trong qu trnh tip xc vi thit b in, nu mch in khp kn qua ngi
th in p ging trn ngi ln hay b tu thuc vo in tr khc mc ni tip
vi thn ngi. Phn in p t vo ngi gi l in p tip xc (Utx).
V chng ta nghin cu an ton trong iu kin chm vo mt cc (mt
pha) l ch yu, nn c th xem Utx l th gia 2 im trn ng dng in
i qua m ngi c th chm phi. r hn chng ta xt v d sau:
C 2 ng c 1 v 2. V cc ng c ny ni vi vt ni t c in tr
R. ng c 1 b chc thng cch in ca 1 pha.
Trong trng hp ny vt ni t v v cc thit b u mang in p
i vi t l:
U = I.R
Ngi chm vo bt k ng c no cng c th l U. Mt khc th
ca chn ngi (Uch) ph thuc vo khong cch t ch ng n vt ni
t. Kt qu l ngi b tc dng ca in p:
Utx = U - Uch
(CT 1.4)
Hnh 1.3
Cng xa vt ni t Uch cng nh. Nu > 20m, Uch = 0 Utx = U.
Trong trng hp chung c th biu din:
Utx = .U
Trong : l h s tip xc.
Trong thc t Utx lun < U (in p ging trn vt ni t).
5
III. IN P BC
Khi 1 pha chm t hoc 1 thit b no b chc thng cch in, ta c
s phn b th nh sau:
in p i vi t ch trc tip chm t:
U = I. R
Hnh 1.4
in p gia 2 chn ngi do dng in chm t to nn gi l in p
bc.
Ub = Ux - Ux+a = K (
1
x
K.a
1
)=
x(x + a )
x+a
(CT 1.5)
Trong :
K = U. X
a: di bc (khong 0,8 m)
x: Khong cch n ch chm t.
T cng thc trn ta thy:
+ Cng xa vt ni t, Ub cng nh.
+ Nhng im cch xa vt ni t 20m Ub xp x bng 0
+ Nhng vng trn ng th (hay nhng mt cu ng th) l nhng
vng trn (hay mt cu ng tm) m tm im l ch chm t. Ub = 0 khi
2 chn ngi ng trong vng trn ng th.
6
12
Chng 2
Hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.2
Hnh 2.3
II. NHNG YU T LIN QUAN N TAI NN IN
Nghin cu v chn thng in, ngi ta xc nh c cc yu t
lin quan n tai nn in l:
- in tr ca c th ngi.
- Loi v tr s dng in i qua ngi.
- Thi gian dng in i qua ngi.
- ng i ca dng in qua c th ngi.
- Tn s dng in i qua c th ngi.
- c im ca ngi b in git.
14
1. in tr ca c th ngi (R ng)
1.1. in tr ca ngi (Rng) l tr s in tr o c gia 2 in cc
t trn c th ngi. C th chia in tr ngi thnh hai phn
- in tr lp da 2 ch in cc t ln (dy t 0,05 0,2 mm), c
coi l cch in tt; in tr sut t 1 triu 10 triu cm
- in tr ca cc b phn bn trong c th: in tr sut t 100 200 cm
in tr ca lp da ngoi do in tr ca lp sng trn da quyt nh.
Chnh v vy, tu theo v tr khc nhau m in tr ca da cng khc nhau.
V d: in tr ca bn tay gp 10 50 ln in tr da mt. Hoc nu xem
in tr gia hai bn tay l 1 th in tr gia 2 bn chn l 1,3.
in tr ca c th ngi l i lng khng n nh, n c th thay i
trong mt phm vi rt ln khong 1.000 100.000
1.2. in tr ca c th ngi ph thuc vo nhng yu t sau
a) Tnh trng da kh hay m, sch hay bn, nguyn vn hay xy xt
- Bnh thng da kh ro sch s, khng xy xt th Rng= 3.000
100.000 (o khi U = 15 20V).
Nu co sch lp sng: Rng = 1.000 5.000.
Khi mt lp da ngoi (biu b) th Rng = 500 700 v khi mt hon
ton da th Rng ch cn 100 200.
Trong tnh ton ly R ng = 1000.
m ca da cng nh hng n Rng. V d: Tay t c mui th Rng
gim 30 n 50%. Cn vi nc ct th Rng gim 15 n 35 %. S d nh
vy v khi da b m, nc ho tan cc mui khong v axt ca c th bi
tit qua m hi lm cho da tr thnh dn in hn.
Da b bn lm cho Rng gim v cc ht bi nh bi than, bi kim loi dn
in rt tt. Cc loi bi bm vo da lm gim in tr ca da. Ngoi ra cc
loi bi bn dn in chui vo ming cc tuyn m hi, tuyn nhn to thnh
nhng mch dn in lu di da lm cho in tr da gim xung.
15
Rng = 8000.
R1
X1
R2
X2
R3
X3
Hnh 2.5
Trong :
R1, X1: Tr khng ca da pha dng in i vo.
R2, X2: Tr khng pha dng in i ra.
R3, X3: Tr khng cc c quan bn trong thn ngi.
2. Loi v tr s ca dng in git
Dng in l yu t vt l trc tip gy ra tn thng. Rng, Ung ch l
cc i lng bin i dng in qua ngi m thi.
Vi mt tr s dng in nht nh, s tc ng ca n vo c th ngi
hu nh khng thay i.
T thc nghim, ngi ta o c cc tr s dng in gy tc hi
ln c th ngi nh sau:
Dng in
(mA)
Tc dng ca dng
mt chiu
0,6 n 1,5
Khng c cm gic g
2 n 3
Khng c cm gic g
5 n 7
Bp tht co li v rung.
18
Dng in
(mA)
Tc dng ca dng
mt chiu
8 n 10
20 n 25
50 n 80
Th b t lit, tim bt u p
mnh.
90 n 100
Th b t lit, nu ko di 3 giy
tim b t lit dn ti ngng p.
Th b t lit.
Qua bng trn ta thy: Dng in qua ngi cng ln cng nguy him.
Dng in bt u gy nguy him cho ngi l 20 25mA (xoay chiu) v
50 n 80 mA (mt chiu). Lm cht ngi l 100mA.
Tuy nhin khi xt v tai nn in, khng nn ch n thun theo tr s
dng in m phi xt n mi trng, hon cnh xy ra tai nn v sc chu
ng ca c th nn nhn. C nh vy mi c th l gii c nhiu trng
hp in p nh, tr s dng in khng ln hn tr s dng in gy chong
bao nhiu, c th gy cht ngi.
Khi nghin cu cc hin tng sinh l hc v in git, cc nh khoa
hc ca Lin X dng cc phng php o lng c bit v thn trng
chng minh rng: c khi dng in ch 5 10 mA gy cht ngi. Chnh
v vy, hin nay vi dng in xoay chiu tn s 50 60Hz, tr s dng in
an ton ly bng 10 mA.
3. Thi gian dng in i qua ngi
Yu t thi gian tc dng ca dng in vo c th ngi rt quan trng
v biu hin di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau.
- Thi gian tc dng cng lu, Rng cng gim v lp da b nng dn v
lp sng trn da b chc thng cng nhiu, tc hi ca dng in vo c th
ngi cng tng ln.
- Khi dng in tc ng trong thi gian ngn th tnh cht nguy him
ph thuc vo nhp p ca tim. Mi chu k co dn ca tim ko di 1
giy. Trong chu k c khong 0,1 giy tim ngh lm vic (gia trng thi co
19
20
0,4
3,7
3,3
6,7
u qua chn
6,8
1
.
2fC
Tn s
(Hz)
in p
(V)
S ch th nghim
(con)
Xc sut ch
b cht (%)
50
117 n 120
15
100
100
117 n 120
20
45
125
100 n 121
10
20
150
120 n 125
10
22
Chng 3
U
R ng
(CT 3.1)
Trong : U l in p ca li in.
Tai nn thng xy ra khi cng nhn sa cha li in c mang in
p. Mt tay s vo mt cc cn chm vo cc kia c th bng tay, ci tay
hay mt tay khc.
II. KHI NGI CHM VO 1 CC
Trong thc t vn hnh, trng hp ngi chm vo 2 cc t xy ra m
thng l chm vo mt cc v hu qu ca tai nn ph thuc tnh trng lm
vic ca li in i vi t.
1. Mng in cch in i vi t
Hnh 3.1.
23
Hnh 3.2
T s ng tr ta tnh c:
Ing =
U.R 1
R ng (R 1 + R 2 ) + R 1R 2
U
2R ng + R cd
(CT 3.2)
(CT 3.3)
U
ging nh chm vo 2 cc.
R ng
2(R ng
U
+ R ch ) + R cd
(CT 3.4)
Rc l in tr cch in ca mng
2. Mng in c 1 cc hay 1 pha ni t
2.1. Mng in 1 dy
Hnh 3.3.
S thay th:
Hnh 3.4.
25
T ta tnh c:
Ing =
(R ng
U.R cd
+ R ch )(R cd + R 0 ) + R cd R 0
U
R ng + R ch
(CT 3.5)
(CT 3.6)
Hnh 3.5
Rab l in tr ca on dy dn ab
26
(CT 3.7)
Ing =
U
R ng + R ch
(CT 3.8)
Ing =
U0
.e
R ng
t
R ngC12
(CT 3.9)
Trong :
27
Hnh 3.6
Ing =
U0
.e
2R ng
t
R ng ( 2C12 +C11 )
(CT 3.10)
28
CU 2
2
(CT 3.11)
Hnh 3.7
Trong : C1 C2 C3 0
R1 R2 R3
Dng nh lut Kic hp lp v gii cc phng trnh vi phn ngi
ta thu c:
Ing=
U.g ng
2
[3(g
+ g 2 ) + 3 ..( C 3 C 2 )
] + [ 3 (g
2
g 3 ) + 3 ..( C 2 + C 3 )
( g ng + g 1 + g 2 + g 3 ) 2 + 2 ( C 1 + C 2 + C 3 ) 2
(CT 3.12)
Trong :
g=
1
l in dn
R
U l in p pha
= 1/f, f l tn s ngun in
n gin: coi R1 = R2 = R3 = Rc
Thay vo biu thc (CT 3.12) ta c:
Ing =
3U
3Rng + Rc
(CT 3.13)
U
.
Rng
1
1+
R cd (R cd + 6R ng )
(CT 3.14)
2
2 C 2 )R 2ng
9(1 + R cd
3U
9R 2ng + (
1 2
)
C
(CT 3.15)
31
Hnh 3.8
Ud
R ng
Trong tnh trng vn hnh bnh thng ca mng in, khi ngi chm
vo 2 pha s b in p dy tc dng
Ing =
Ud
R ng
Uf
.
R ng
Ud
R ng
34
Uf
R ng
Ud
R ng
Chng 4
A. CC BIN PHP
I. CCH IN CA THIT B IN
Theo qui trnh an ton thit b in, vic kim tra, th nghim thit b
in hng nm phi tin hnh t 1 2 ln hoc nhiu hn tu theo iu kin
sn xut c th tng ni.
Kim tra, th nghim cch in c th tin hnh bng nhiu cch.
Thng thng dng M-g-met. Khi c iu kin th th bng sc chu
ng i vi in p tng cao. Cch th tin hnh nh sau:
36
Cp c in p n 1 kV
in p th xoay
chiu (V)
500 1000
Cp c in p n 2 kV
(4 5) Um
ng c in c cun
Stato n
380 V
500 V
3000 V
6000 V
1000
1500
5000
10.000
Loi thit b in
Phng php th
Quay M-g-met loi 1000V trong
1 pht
Th in p trong 5 pht. Quay Mg-met loi 1000V trong 1 pht
Th in p trong 1 pht
Ngoi ni t bo v, cn c loi ni t vi mc ch xc nh ch
lm vic ca thit b in nh: ni t trung tnh my bin p (my pht),
ni t bo v qu in p, ni t chng st...
Thng ngi ta ni nhng b phn ni t c nhng cng dng khc
nhau thnh mt h thng ni t (tr nhng thu li ng ring r).
Ni t ring r cho thit b in l khng hp l v nguy him v khi c
chm t 2 im, to nn th hiu nguy him trn phn ni t ca thit
b. Trong trng hp ny c dng in b xut hin. Tr s dng in ny
khng cho bo v chm t lm vic.
Khi c h thng ni t, chm t 2 im s bin thnh ngn mch 2
pha a n t ng ct ch b h hng.
2. Ni t tp trung
2
G2
u
1
Gng
1
G1
Gng
G1
G2
G1
1
T ta tnh c:
Ing = U.g2.gng/(g1 + g2 + gng + g)
(CT 4.1)
Trong : g = 1/R
(CT 4.2)
Utd = l.R
Theo mt ct A - B
(CT 4.3)
Trong :
: H s tip xc
R l in tr ln nht ca trang b ni t ()
I l dng in ngn mch chm t tnh ton (A). Trong mng in
khng c b dng in in dung th dng in tnh ton ly bng 125%
dng in danh nh ca cc thit b b .
43
l
R0
Khi ng c chm v ta c
I = U / (Ro + R).
I ny khng phi lc no cng dy chy ca cu ch b chy lm
cho bo v tc ng ct ch b h hng.
v d trn: I = 220V / (4 + 4 ) = 27,5 A.
Vi tr s ny ch lm chy c dy chy ca loi cu ch b vi
Im= 27,5 / (2 2,5) = 14 11 A.
44
3. Ni t lm vic v ni t lp li
46
V d: Xt mt c cu ct in bo v
Hnh 4.7. S ct in bo v
36V
220V
Hnh 4.8
Trc khi lm vic, ngi lao ng phi c hun luyn v KTAT in.
Vic hun luyn c tin hnh theo 3 bc. Trong bc quan trng
khng th b qua l hun luyn thc hnh ngay ti ni lm vic. nh k
phi c hun luyn li.
Theo qui nh hin hnh (Thng t 37 ngy 29 /12/2006 ca B Lao
ng - Thng binh v X hi), cng nhn in phi c hun luyn cp
th an ton trc khi lm vic.
4. T chc lm vic
II. KH C IN NG CT IN
1. Cu dao
My ct in t ng c ch to c b phn t ng dp tt h quang
in, do c th ng ct c dng in chuyn ti ln.
3.1. My ct in kiu nhiu du
V mt an ton vi my bin p cn ch :
Trong my bin p c cha nhiu du dp h quang v cch in.
phng khi my bin p b n, du bn tung ra gy ha hon th khi
my t trong phng, bn di my phi c hm cha ht lng du
trong my.
63
65
Chng 5
Cng in
trng (kV/m)
<5
10
15
18
20
>20
Khng hn
ch
4,25
1,33
0,8
0,5
10
pht
+ Ch lm vic ca thit b
+ Ngun pht trng in t
+ V tr o
+ cao ca im o tnh t sn nh hoc mt t
+ Kt qu o
+ Cng in trng
+ Mt dng nng lng trng in t
+ Dng c o lng
+ Kt lun.
Bin bn phi c ch k ca ngi ph trch khu vc, i din phng
k thut an ton v ca ngi c c quan c i o.
2.3. Phng php v phng tin bo v ngi khi b tc ng ca
trng in t
Chng 6
BO V AN TON LI IN CAO P
n 35kV
66-110kV
220kV
11m
12m
13m
35kV
66-110kV
Dy
bc
Dy
trn
Dy
bc
Dy
trn
1,0 m
2,0 m
1,5 m
3,0 m
220kV
Dy trn
4,0 m
6,0 m
in p
n 22 kV
4,0 m
35 kV
66 - 110kV
4,0 m
6,0 m
220kV
6,0 m
500kV
8,0 m
66-110kV
220 kV
500kV
2,5 m
2,5 m
3,5 m
5,5 m
3,0 m
3,0 m
4,0 m
7,5 m
3,0 m
3,0 m
4,0 m
7,5 m
1,5 m
2,0 m
3,0 m
4,5 m
Khong cch
an ton phng in
n 22kV
35kV
Dy bc
Dy trn Dy bc Dy trn
1,0 m
2,0 m
1,5 m
3,0 m
66 - 110
220kV 500kV
kV
Dy trn
4,0 m
6,0 m
7,0 m
75
n 35 kV
66 n 110 kV
2,0 m
3,0 m
220 kV
500 kV
4,0 m
6,0 m
n 35kV
Khong cch
Dy bc
Dy trn
0,7 m
1,5 m
66 n 110kV
220kV
500kV
Dy trn
Khong cch
2,0 m
3,0 m
4,5 m
n 35kV
Dy bc
Dy trn
0,7 m
2,0 m
66 n 110kV
220kV
500kV
Dy trn
3,0 m
4,0 m
6,0 m
n 35kV
66 n 110kV
220kV
3,0 m
4,0 m
6,0 m
t trong nc
t n
nh
t khng
n nh
Ni khng c tu
thuyn qua li
Ni c tu thuyn
qua li
1,0 m
1,5 m
20,0 m
100,0 m
n 22kV
35kV
2,0 m
3,0 m
Chng 7
82
Chng 8
s cp CU NGI B IN GIT
84
85
87
Chng 9
CHNG ST
I. HIN TNG ST
1. Khi nim
1. Tc hi do st nh trc tip
III. CHNG ST
1. Chng st nh trc tip
* Trng hp ct thu li n:
Phm vi bo v ca mt kim thu st ng ring r l mt hnh nn gy
khc, nh trng vi nh kim, y l mt hnh trn c bn knh bng 1,5 ln
chiu cao ca kim.
Hnh 9.1.
92
hx
h
2
th rx = 1,5 (h - 1,25hx)
3
(CT 9.1)
+ Nu
hx
h
2
th rx = 0,75 (h - hx)
3
(CT 9.2)
hx
h
2,67 th h = rx + 1,9h x
(CT 9.3)
+ Nu
hx
h
(CT 9.4)
1,5
0,75
a
hay
7
h - h0 = h -
a
7
(CT 9.5)
93
Hnh 9.2
(CT 9.6)
9h 2 + 0,25a 2
(CT 9.7)
(CT 9.8)
hx 2
h0 3
th bx = 1,5(h0 - 1,25hx)
(CT 9.9)
+ Nu
hx 2
>
h0 3
th bx = 0,75(h0 -hx)
(CT 9.10)
Khi bit hx v bx, chiu cao thp nht ca vng bo v gia hai kim
xc nh bng cng thc:
+ Nu
hx
2,67
bx
th h0 =
b x + 1,875h x
1,5
(CT 9.11)
+ Nu
hx
> 2,67
bx
th h0 =
b x + 0,75h x
0,75
(CT 9.12)
- Khi dng hai ct thu li (kim thu st) c chiu cao khc nhau.
Phm vi bo v hai u xc nh nh trng hp hai kim ng ring
r.
Phm vi bo v gia hai kim xc nh nh sau: T nh kim thu st
thp vch ng thng ngang ct ng sinh gii hn phm vi bo v ca
kim thu st cao.
Ti giao im ny coi nh c mt kim thu st gi tng cao bng kim
thu st thp. V sau xc nh phm vi bo v cn li nh i vi 2 kim
thu st c cao bng nhau (vi khong cch a).
95
Hnh 9.3
1.2. Dy thu st
Hnh 9.4
(CT 9.13)
hx
)
0,8h
(CT 9.14)
h0 = h - S/4
Trong :
S l khong cch gia hai dy (S phi < 4h)
Hnh 9.5.
2. Chng st gin tip
2.1. Chng st cm ng tnh in
99
Chng 10
2,5m
35 kV tr xung
2,75m
110 kV tr xung
3,5m
3m
110 kV
3,75m
154 kV
4m
220 kV
4,5m
* So cch in
So cch in dng trc tip iu khin dao cch ly, t ni t di
ng, th nghim cao p.
101
a)
b)
c)
f)
h)
g)
d)
i)
Hnh 10.1
* Km cch in
Km cch in dng t v ly cu ch, y cc np cch in bng
cao su. Km l phng tin bo v chnh dng vi in p di 35kV.
Km cch in cng gm 3 phn: phn lm vic, phn cch in, phn
tay cm (hnh 10.1.b).
* Gng tay in mi, giy ng, m lt (hnh 10.1.c, d, e)
Dng vi thit b in, cc dng c ny c sn xut ring vi cu to
ph hp vi quy trnh. Tuyt i khng c xem l phng tin bo v nu
cc vt trn khng phi l loi sn xut ring dng cho thit b in.
102
104
Ph lc 1
Phn loi thit b in phng n
Nhit gii hn 0C
450
300
200
135
100
85
105
Ph lc 2
Phn loi gian bung, ngi nh v cng trnh theo
nguy c chy n
Tn cng trnh
Loi nguy
c chy n
N-1c
C-2
N-1c
C-2
3. Trm bm xng du
N -1a
N -1
o
C -1
4. B cha xng du
N-1c
C-2
5. ng dn xng du
N-1a
+ t ngoi tri
N-1c
6. Cm van trn ng ng
N-1
+ t ngoi tri
N-1c
o
106
Tn cng trnh
Loi nguy
c chy n
+ t trong nh
N-1
+ t ngoi tri
C-2
N-1
+ ngoi tri
N-1c
o
C-1
+ ngoi tri
C-2
8. Gin ng xng du v t xi tc
N-1c
N-1
C-1
+ Ngoi tri
C-2
C-1
+ Ngoi tri
C-2
C-2
N-1b
N-1b
N-1a
15. Nh ga ra t
N-1b
Trong :
- Khu vc c nguy him n cp N-1: l khu vc trong qu trnh vn
hnh, khai thc bnh thng, xng du thng xuyn bay hi, c th ho vi
khng kh thnh hn hp chy n trong mt thi gian ngn.
- Khu vc c nguy him n cp N-1a: l khu vc trong qu trnh vn
hnh, khai thc bnh thng, xng du bay hi t v t c kh nng to thnh
hn hp n, ch sinh ra hn hp n khi vi phm cc nguyn tc an ton hoc
khi cc thit b, phng tin b h hng xy ra s c trong qu trnh lm vic.
107
108
Ph lc 3
Tit din ca dy ni t lm vic
Thp
Ngoi
tri
5
Trong
t
6
Tn gi
ng
Nhm
Trong
nh
4
4
-
6
-
10
1,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
24
3
48
4
48
4
2,5
2,5
3,5
1,5
2,5
Dy trn:
- Tit din mm2
- ng knh mm
Dy dn c bc cch in:
- Tit din mm2
Li ni t hoc ni "khng"
ca dy cp v dy dn nhiu
li trong cng mt v bo v
chung vi cc dy pha: tit
din mm2
Thp gc:
- B dy ca g, mm
Thp dt:
- Tit din, mm2
- B dy, mm
ng ng dn nc, dn kh
(bng thp):
B dy ca thnh ng, mm
ng ng (ng bng thp):
B dy ca thnh ng, mm
Ch thch:
Khi t dy dn trong ng th tit din ca dy "khng" c php ly bng 1
mm2, nu nh dy pha c cng tit din nh vy.
Khng cho php s dng dy "khng" (PEN) v dy trung tnh (N) i t im
trung tnh ca my pht hoc my bin p n bng lp thit b phn phi lm dy
ni t lm vic.
Cc cc ni t phi c t gn my bin p. Trong trng hp my pht
hoc my bin p t trong nh, cho php t cc ni t cnh tng bn ngoi
nh.
109
Ph lc 4
Phn loi cp bo v ca my in cm tay
110
Ph lc 5
S ni "khng" thit b in
Thit b in
1 pha
Thit b in
3 pha
Kt cu kim loi
Ni
t
lm
vic
Thit b in
3 pha
Thit b in
1 pha
Thit b in
3 pha
Kt cu kim loi
111
Thit b in
1 pha
Kt cu kim loi
su t din
tch cc ni t
H s thay i
in tr sut
Tia thanh nm
ngang
0,5 m
1,41,8
o,81 m
1,251,45
Cc ng thng
ng
0,8 m tnh t mt t
n u trn ca cc
1,21,4
112
Ghi ch
Tr s nh ng vi t
kh (o vo ma ma)
Tr s ln ng vi t
m (o vo ma kh)
Ph lc 6
S b tr my ct dng r trong mng in
3 pha loi TT
1. Ni t lm vic;
2. V;
3. Ni t bo v;
4. My ct in dng r.
113
Ph lc 7
Mu phiu cng tc in h p
n v:.......................
PHIU CNG TC
IN H P
S:............
Nhimv:............................
...........................................
.............................................
a im:...........................
.............................................
:............................................
S ngi:..............................
Bin php AT:.....................
.............................................
.............................................
............................................
Thi gian:.........................
n v:
phiu cng tc in h p
.......................
S:.....................
Ngy.....thng....nm...
Ngy.....thng......nm...
(k tn)
Ph lc 8
Mu s lnh cng tc
Thi
gian
Tn ngi ra
lnh v ch k
Ni dung cng
vic
Tn ngi nhn
lnh v ch k
Tm tt kt
qu cng vic
115
Ph lc 9
Khong cch thng ng nh nht ca ng dy
dn in h p trn khng n mt t, cng trnh
c im ca khu vc
n mt t khu vc ng dn c; ng
giao thng c -t, xe la qua li.
6,0
n mt t khu vc tha dn c.
5,0
3,5
2,0
n mi nh, sn thng.
2,5
1,0
Ph lc 10
Khong cch ngang nh nht ca ng dy dn
in trn h p ti mt t, cng trnh
116
c im khu vc
1,5
1,0
n tng xy kn nu dy dn c t trn gi
gn vo tng, khong cch gi 30m
0,3
10
Ph lc 11
Gii thch cc k hiu quc t
117
Ph lc 12
Bin bo an ton in
S1
h2
S2
b
h1
h3
L
h3
L
h3
n
a
12
70
12
20
6
35
5
160
360
3
24
10
24
10
24
4
20
230
240
35
5
360
3
24
10
24
10
24
230
20
240
Kiu 2K Hnh 4
119
s1
h2
h1
s2
h3
h3
h3
k
Kiu 2b Hnh 5
Kiu 3b Hnh 7
40
12
40
12
40
25
160
240
30
26
30
350
360
122
40
d
S1
k
h2
b
h3
L
S2
Kiu 7b Hnh 11
Kiu 8b Hnh 11
123
Kiu 9b Hnh 13
70
100
10
4
30
120
20
30
240
100
10
40
120
40
4
240
g
k
h2 L
Bin bo c l gn c
nh Hnh 19
Bin bo khng c
l gn c nh Hnh 20
125
128
MC LC
Trang
Li ni u
Chng 1: Cc khi nim c bn v an ton in
15
23
36
68
73
80
85
Chng 9: Chng st
90
100
Ph lc
105
126
129
(Ti liu dnh cho ging vin an ton lao ng, ngi lm cng tc
an ton v ngi lao ng lm vic trong cc cng vic lin quan)
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