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Kvadratne Formule-Zavrsni Rad-Matematika I Informatika-Matematika PDF
Kvadratne Formule-Zavrsni Rad-Matematika I Informatika-Matematika PDF
2.
1.1
.................................................................................................. 4
1.2
........................................................................................ 5
1.3
............................................................................................... 8
11
2.1
................................................................................................... 11
2.2
. 14
2.2.1
............................................................................ 14
2.2.2
.......................................................................... 15
2.2.3
....................................................................... 16
2.3
- .................... 17
2.3.1
............................................................................................... 17
2.3.2
.......................................................................................... 18
2.3.3
............................................................................................. 18
2.4
3.
......... 22
2.4.1
.............................................................................. 23
2.4.2
............................................................................. 23
2.4.3
............................................................................ 24
25
3.1.1
3.1.2
............................................................................................. 26
3.1.3
........................................................................................... 27
4.
29
5.
32
6.
33
7.
34
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,
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.
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[17]
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. [10] [17].
2, [17]
3. ,
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2. [17]
3
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Mathematica. ,
[4], [7], [8], [14] [17]. .
,
.
, 2012.
1. ,
1.1
:
C a, b C D
a, b D
C n a , b C n D
D
xk
f x 0 , x x
Cj
x0 , x1 ,
f j
, j 2,3,
j ! f
ek 1 Cekp ekp 1 ,
lim xk ,
k
ek xk ,
p
C
ek 1
, k 1,2,
ekp
EFF
EFF * d p
p
d
1.2
b
I f ; a, b f ( x )dx ,
a
a, b R , a b, f : a, b R f a, b ,
f
n
Qn f ; a, b Ai f xi
i 0
.
Qn f ; a, b
xi e Ai .
. En f ; a, b
b
i 0
En f ; a, b I f ; a, b Qn f ; a, b f x dx Ai f xi .
1. Qn f ; a, b k
En xi ; a, b 0 , i 0,1,..., k ,
En x k 1 ; a, b 0 .
xi Ai
.
xi , Ai
, . En xi 0
i 0,..., n 1 . -
.
xi Ai En xi 0 i 0,...,2n 1 .
.
2.
Qn f ; a, b
n f C a, b
A f x P f , x dx
i 0
Pn f , x n f
a x0 x1 ... xn b .
3.
xi ,
i 0,1,..., n,
xi a ih, i 0,1,..., n , h
ba
, nN .
n
- .
-
a, b , x0 a xn b
, .
4. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n
Ln f ; a, b xi xi 1 f xi 1
i 1
.
5. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n
Dn f ; a, b xi xi 1 f xi
i 1
.
6. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n
x xi 1
M n f ; a, b xi xi 1 f i
2
i 1
.
7.
1
f x dx
Gn f ; 1,1 wi f xi ,
i 1
i 0,...,2n 1
En x i ; 1,1
f x dx wi f xi 0 .
i 1
n 1,2,3
.
n
1
2
xi
0
1
3
wi
2
1
8
9
5
9
0
3
3
5
8.
f a b
Gn f ; a, b
ba n
ab
ba
wi f
xi
.
2 i 1
2
2
9. ( ) f : a, b R R
x, y a, b
f x f y x y
f f Lip a, b .
10. x0 , x1 ,
. p 1,
lim
xk 1
xk 1
C,
C .
C 1 .
p 1 ,
, x0 , x1 ,
C .
.
11. x0 , x1 ,
p 1, C
n0
xk 1 C xk , k n0
p
p 1 , C 1 .
.
x0 , x1 ,
z0 , z1 ,
p1 p2
. p1 p2 x0 , x1 ,
z0 , z1 , .
12.
.
13. p1
p2 p1 p2 .
1.3
1.
f C1 a, b . a, b
b
f x dx Ln f ; a, b
n
1
2
f xi xi 1 .
2
i 1
2.
f C1 a, b . a, b
b
f x dx Dn f ; a, b
n
1
2
f xi xi 1 .
2
i 1
3.
f C 2 a, b . a, b
b
4.
f x dx M n f ; a, b
n
1
3
f xi xi 1 .
24
i 1
n
1
Ai
x x j dx ,
j 0 xi x j a j 0
n
j i
5.
i 0,1,..., n.
j i
- n
n
N n f ; a, b h An ,i f xi
i 0
ba
1 n n
Ai An i
s j ds ,
i ! n i ! 0 j 0
n i
i 0,1,..., n.
j i
14. f C n2 a, b n , , f C n1 a, b
n , a, b -
En f ; a , b
a
n
n 3 n 2
s
h
f
n 2 ds, n
0
f x dx N n f ; a, b
.
n
h n 2 f n 1 s ds, n
n 1
6.
f C 2 n a, b a, b
b a n !
En f ; a, b f x dx Gn f ; a, b
3
2n 1 2n !
a
2 n 1
7.
f 2 n .
[14]
xn 1 xn ,
n 0,1,
. p
j 0, j 1,2, , p 1 ,
p 0 .
.
p
p
p!
C j
f j
, j 2,3,
j ! f
,
Mathematica.
10
2.
2.1
. f ,
.
.
f x0 , f x0 . x1 x
f x1 , f x1
.
x0 , f x0
y x f x0 f x0 x x0 .
f x0 0 , x1
y x 0
x1 x0
xk k
xk 1 xk
f x0
f x0
f xk
,
f xk
k 0,1, 2,
xk 1 xk ,
x x
f x
f x
f x 0
f x 0 . , xk 1 xk
.
max ( x)
x a, b .
11
x 1
f x f x f ( x ) f x f ( x )
f ( x )2
f ( x )2
f x f ( x )
2
f ( x )
x a, b .
max
, f
f x 0 x .
,
f x 0 .
f f x 0
, f
. f
.
,
.
x
f x f xk f u du ,
xk
xk f x 0 , .
.
x
f u du
xk
- n
N n f ; xk , x
x xk
n
A
i 0
n ,i
f i ,
i xk i x xk ,
12
i 0,1 ,
i
n
i , i 0,1, , n .
0 f x f xk f u du f xk N n f ; xk , x
xk
f xk N n f ; xk , x 0 ,
,
x xk
n
f xk
n ,i
i 0
f i 0 .
f xk
x xk
n
A
i 0
n ,i
f xk x xk 0 .
n
x
x xk
nf xk
.
i
An ,i f xk x xk
i 0
n
x xk 1 ,
f x 0
xk 1 xk
nf xk
.
i
A
f
x
x
k 1 k
k
n ,i
n
i 0
n
xk 1
xk 1 xk
f xk
,
f xk
k 0,1, 2,
xk .
xk 1 ,
13
xk 1 xk
nf xk
.
n
i f xk
An ,i f xk
n f xk
i 0
, . ,
, ,
,
.
2.2
2.2.1
f u du
xk
n 1 a xk b x .
f u du L f ; x , x x x f x .
1
xk
f xk x xk f xk 0
x xk
f xk
,
f xk
,
xk 1 xk
f xk
.
f xk
.
2,
EEF
2
1,
2
EEF * 2 1.4142
14
2.2.2
f u du
xk
n 1 a xk b x .
f u du D f ; x , x x x f x .
1
xk
f xk x xk f x 0
x xk
f xk
.
f x
x . x xk 1 ,
xk 1 xk
f xk
.
f xk 1
xk 1 xk
f xk
,
f xk
xk 1 xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
2,
2
EEF ,
3
EEF * 3 2 1.25992
15
2.2.3
f u du
xk
n 1 a xk b x .
xx
f u du M f ; x , x x x f 2
x
xk
x xk
f xk x xk f
2
x xk
f xk
x xk
f
2
x . x xk 1 ,
xk 1 xk
f xk
x x
f k 1 k
2
xk 1 xk
f xk
,
f xk
xk 1 xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
[17] [2]
[13]. 3,
16
EEF
3
1,
3
EEF * 3 3 1.44224
2.3 -
,
f u du
xk
xk 1 xk
nf xk
.
i f xk
An ,i f xk
n f xk
i 0
- , .
.
3. [2]
3. -
,
.
2.3.1
n 1 a xk , b x , A1,0 A1,1
xk 1 xk
f xk
1
f xk f x
2
x . x xk 1 ,
xk 1 xk
xk 1 xk
f xk
1
f xk f xk 1
2
f xk
f xk
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
.
f xk
f xk f xk
f xk
17
3
1,
3
EEF * 3 3 1.44224
2.3.2
n 2 a xk , b x ,
xk 1 xk
1
3
a b x xk
1
4
, A2,0 A2,2
A2,1
2
2
3
3
2 f xk
x xk
f xk 4 f
2
f x
x . x xk 1 ,
xk 1 xk
xk 1 xk
1
3
2 f xk
x x
f xk 4 f k 1 k
2
f xk 1
f xk
f xk
xk 1 xk
6 f xk
.
f xk
f xk
f xk 4 f xk
f xk
2
f
x
f xk
, [3].
[17]. 3,
3
EEF ,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
2.3.3
[17]
x xk
2
f u du x x 1 f
k
xk
f xk f x
2
( ) .
18
x xk
0 f x f xk f u du f xk x xk 1 f
2
xk
x
x xk
f xk f x
2
2 f xk
.
x xk
2 1 f
f xk f x
2
xk 1 x
xk 1
2 f xk
.
xk 1 xk
2 1 f
f xk f xk 1
2
xk 1 xk
xk 1 xk
f xk
,
f xk
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
f xk
f xk
2 1 f xk
f xk f xk
2 f xk
f xk
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
x x
2 1 f k 1 k f xk f xk 1
2
xk 1 xk
f xk
.
f xk
F x x
2 f x
.
f x
f x
2 1 f xk
f x f xk
2 f x
f
x
19
F ,
F F 0,
F c22
3 1
c3 .
4
F , xk 1 F xk 3.
8.
f C 4 D
f ( x) m 0,
x D.
f x 0 D 0
x0 D x D : x
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
,
f xk
f xk
2 1 f xk
f xk f xk
2
f
x
f xk
,
3 1
c3.
c22
4
. f x 0 D
. f 0 , 0 D D .
f x
( ) ,
f x
0 0
x
f x
f
f x
x
f x
f
f x
x D . min b , a . 0
1
x D 1,
2
a x
x D x
f x
b.
f x
f x
f x
,x
D .
f x
2 f x
20
M
, xD .
6
6q
f C 4 ( D) . min , ,
.
M
x D D
.
q 0,1 . F x
F
D x0 D
x1 F x0 F
F
3
x0 .
3!
x1
x0
3
3!
M3 2
x0 q x0 x0 ,
6
x1 D . x0 D
xk D , k 0,1,
xk 1 q xk q2 xk 1
qk 1 x0
q 0,1 . 3 7.
[17]
0,1 . .
f u du
xk
x xk x xk
f
2 2
1
f xk f x
2
, [17],
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
.
f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk
2
f
x
f xk
1
.
2
1
1 , 0 , .
3
[16] ( ), [2] (
21
) [3] (
) . 3, ,
,
3
EEF ,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
2.4
x
f u du
xk
n
Gn f ; xk , x
x xk
2
w f
i 1
wi i .
x xk
x xk
,
i
2
2
i 1,1 .
0 f x f xk f u du f xk Gn f ; xk , x
xk
f xk Gn f ; xk , x 0 ,
,
f xk
x xk
2
w f 0 .
i 1
f xk
x xk
2
x xk
x xk
i
0.
2
2
w f
i 1
x
22
2 f xk
x xk
x xk
wi f
i
2
2
i 1
x xk
x xk 1 ,
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
x x
x x
wi f k 1 k i k 1 k
2
2
i 1
n
xk 1 xk
f xk
,
f xk
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
f xk
f xk
wi f
i xk
2 f xk
i 1
2 f xk
n
2.4.1
n 1 a xk , b x , 1 0 w1 2
xk 1 xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
. ,
. [2] [13].
3,
EEF
3
1,
3
EEF * 3 3 1.44224
2.4.2
n 2 a xk , b x , 1
1
1
, 2
, w1 w2 1
3
3
23
xk 1 xk
2 f xk
.
f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
f
xk
f
xk
2 3 f x
2 3 f x
2
f
x
2 f xk
k
k
k
.
3,
3
EEF ,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
2.4.3
n 3 a xk , b x , 1
w3
3
3
5
, 2
, 3 0 , w1 w2 ,
5
5
9
xk 1 xk
18 f xk
5 f z1 5 f z2 8 f z0
z1
f xk 3
f xk
f xk 3
f xk
f xk
xk
xk
, z2
, z0 xk
.
2 f xk 5
2 f xk
2 f xk 5
2 f xk
2 f xk
. 3,
3
EEF ,
5
EEF * 5 3 1.24573 .
24
3.
[10] [17].
2, [17] 3.
,
,
2.
, [17],
. 3
.
3.1.1 Nasr-Al-Din Ide
[10]
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
f xk
f xk 2
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
[17],
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
.
f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk
2
f
x
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
.
f xk
2 f xk
. ,
25
F x x
4 f x
f x
f xk
f x
2
f
x
f x
f x 2
f x
f x
f x
2 f x
F ,
F 0,
c2
,
4
7c22 5c3
16
8
, .
EEF
2
1,
2
EEF * 2 1.4142
[10]
EEF
2 1
,
4 2
EEF * 4 2 1.18921
3
EEF ,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
, [10] ,
.
3.1.2
[10] ,
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
f xk
f xk
4 f xk
f xk f xk 5 f xk f xk
2 f xk
f xk
[10]
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk
f xk f xk 3 f xk f xk
f xk
f xk
26
F ,
F 0,
F 0,
F c22
c3
4
F x x
4 f x
f x
f x
2 f x
f x f x 3 f x f x
f x
f x
[10]
EEF
3
,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
3.
[17],
.
3.1.3
(
)
FL x x
f x
f x
FD x x
f x
f x
f x
f x
f x
f x f x f x
f x
FLD x x
f x
2 f x f x
f x
FLD
F ,
F 0,
F 0,
c3
2
.
27
EEF
3
1,
3
EEF * 3 3 1.44224
, [10].
[1], [6], [7], [8], [13], [17] [18].
28
4.
. Mathematica- 8.
10000 SetPrecision .
: xk f xk .
,
* , 10000 , 20 .
(COC)
COC
ln xn 1 / xn
ln xn / xn 1
COC 2 3.
f x 0
x0
1 * :
f1 x
1
sin x , [4], [14], 1* 0.5235987755982988731 , x0 0.7 ,
2
f 4 x e x sin x ln x 2 1 , [7], 11 0 , x0 2 ,
f5 x x 1 1 , [6], [16], [18], 5 2 , x0 1.8 ,
3
*
0.8952060453842319 , x0 1.5 ,
f 7 x x 2 sin x cos x , [7], 10
f8 x e x
7 x 30
.
, .
29
log x8
.
xk 1 xk
4 f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk
2 f xk
f xk
[17] 1/ 2 .
1 , 0 , 1/ 3 .
[16] ( ), [2] (
) [3] (
) .
[10]
.
.
.
f1
f2
f3
f8
f10
156.858
143.505
76.5611
37.7291
41.5255
1
1/ 2
1/ 3
0
. n 2
. n 3
159.113
142.836
2380.80
2436.88
2457.16
2500.55
2457.16
2457.16
229.883
2417.43
3456.71
79.0319
1264.79
1300.31
1312.18
1339.00
1312.82
1312.82
133.557
1288.14
1965.54
62.6241
546.282
607.272
630.584
683.024
630.79
630.71
78.1489
585.626
906.281
54.8402
646.206
692.079
708.99
745.809
708.992
708.991
84.7777
676.032
1070.99
2795.84
2686.51
2524.01
2686.57
2686.55
238.781
2940.17
2758.96
1. log x8
2
.
,
. 3,
, ,
3
EEF ,
4
EEF * 4 3 1.31607
2.
30
EEF
EEF *
AKG
2 1.4142
C2
2/3
2 1.25992
3 1.44224
1/ 2
3/4
3 1.31607
1/ 3
3/4
3 1.31607
3 1.44224
. n 2
3/4
3 1.31607
C2
1
C22 C3
2
1
C22 C3
8
2
C2
1
C22 C3
2
2
C2
. n 3
3/5
3 1.24573
C22
1/2
2 1.18921
3/4
3 1.31607
3 1.44224
1
C2
4
1
C22 C3
4
1
C3
2
1. (AKG)
1 .
1 .
,
4. , .
3
, .
2,
.
31
5.
.
.
. , ,
.
,
. [17]
.
[17].
[17]
[10]. ,
2, 3. ,
, 2.
[17] 3
.
, Mathematica.
, [6], [8], [10], [16] [18].
.
32
6.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
33
7.
10.5.1983. .
1999,
2002. -
,
2008. . 2009.
, 2010.
.
.
, 2012.
34
-
:
: ()
: 2012.
: , , -
, 3
: 4/ 38/ 18/3/0/0
:
:
f x 0
x
. f x f xk f u du
xk
,
f x .
35
f x 0 .
.
. ,
,
.
: 9.07.2012.
:
, -
:
, -
:
, -
36
PD
Scientific field: Mathematics
SF
Scientific discipline: Numerical mathematics
SD
Key words:
SKW UC:
Holding data:
HD
Note:
N
Abstract: In this paper, we consider some numerical methods for solving nonlinear
equations f x 0 with one unknown, which are based on modifications of
37
38