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1.

2.

1.1

.................................................................................................. 4

1.2

........................................................................................ 5

1.3

............................................................................................... 8

11

2.1

................................................................................................... 11

2.2

. 14

2.2.1

............................................................................ 14

2.2.2

.......................................................................... 15

2.2.3

....................................................................... 16

2.3

- .................... 17

2.3.1

............................................................................................... 17

2.3.2

.......................................................................................... 18

2.3.3

............................................................................................. 18

2.4

3.

......... 22

2.4.1

.............................................................................. 23

2.4.2

............................................................................. 23

2.4.3

............................................................................ 24

25

3.1.1

Nasr-Al-Din Ide ............................................................................. 25

3.1.2

............................................................................................. 26

3.1.3

........................................................................................... 27

4.

29

5.

32

6.

33

7.

34


.
,
.
.
, ,
, , .
.
.
.

.
.
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.

.
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.

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, .
[17]
.

. [10] [17].
2, [17]
3. ,
,
2. [17]
3
.

Mathematica. ,
[4], [7], [8], [14] [17]. .
,
.

, 2012.

1. ,
1.1
:

C a, b C D

a, b D

C n a , b C n D
D

xk

f x 0 , x x

Cj

x0 , x1 ,

f j
, j 2,3,
j ! f

ek 1 Cekp ekp 1 ,

lim xk ,
k

ek xk ,

p
C

ek 1
, k 1,2,
ekp

EFF

EFF * d p


p
d

1.2

b

I f ; a, b f ( x )dx ,
a

a, b R , a b, f : a, b R f a, b ,
f
n

Qn f ; a, b Ai f xi
i 0

.
Qn f ; a, b
xi e Ai .

. En f ; a, b
b

i 0

En f ; a, b I f ; a, b Qn f ; a, b f x dx Ai f xi .
1. Qn f ; a, b k
En xi ; a, b 0 , i 0,1,..., k ,

En x k 1 ; a, b 0 .

xi Ai
.

xi , Ai

, . En xi 0

i 0,..., n 1 . -
.

xi Ai En xi 0 i 0,...,2n 1 .
.
2.

Qn f ; a, b

n f C a, b

A f x P f , x dx
i 0

Pn f , x n f

a x0 x1 ... xn b .

3.

xi ,

i 0,1,..., n,

xi a ih, i 0,1,..., n , h

ba
, nN .
n

- .
-
a, b , x0 a xn b
, .
4. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n

Ln f ; a, b xi xi 1 f xi 1
i 1

.
5. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n

Dn f ; a, b xi xi 1 f xi
i 1

.
6. a x0 x1 ... xn b
n
x xi 1
M n f ; a, b xi xi 1 f i

2
i 1

.
7.
1

f x dx

Gn f ; 1,1 wi f xi ,
i 1

i 0,...,2n 1

En x i ; 1,1

f x dx wi f xi 0 .
i 1

n 1,2,3
.

n
1
2

xi
0
1
3

wi
2
1
8
9
5
9

0
3

3
5

8.
f a b
Gn f ; a, b

ba n
ab
ba
wi f
xi

.
2 i 1
2
2

9. ( ) f : a, b R R
x, y a, b

f x f y x y
f f Lip a, b .
10. x0 , x1 ,

. p 1,

lim

xk 1
xk 1

C,

C .
C 1 .

p 1 ,

, x0 , x1 ,
C .

.
11. x0 , x1 ,

p 1, C
n0

xk 1 C xk , k n0
p

p 1 , C 1 .
.
x0 , x1 ,
z0 , z1 ,

p1 p2
. p1 p2 x0 , x1 ,
z0 , z1 , .
12.

.
13. p1
p2 p1 p2 .
1.3
1.
f C1 a, b . a, b

b

f x dx Ln f ; a, b

n
1
2
f xi xi 1 .
2
i 1

2.
f C1 a, b . a, b

b

f x dx Dn f ; a, b

n
1
2
f xi xi 1 .
2
i 1

3.
f C 2 a, b . a, b

b

4.

f x dx M n f ; a, b

n
1
3
f xi xi 1 .
24
i 1

n
1
Ai

x x j dx ,
j 0 xi x j a j 0
n

j i

5.

i 0,1,..., n.

j i

- n
n

N n f ; a, b h An ,i f xi
i 0

ba

1 n n
Ai An i
s j ds ,
i ! n i ! 0 j 0
n i

i 0,1,..., n.

j i

14. f C n2 a, b n , , f C n1 a, b

n , a, b -

En f ; a , b
a

n
n 3 n 2
s
h
f

n 2 ds, n

0
f x dx N n f ; a, b
.
n
h n 2 f n 1 s ds, n

n 1

6.
f C 2 n a, b a, b

b a n !
En f ; a, b f x dx Gn f ; a, b
3
2n 1 2n !
a
2 n 1

7.

f 2 n .

[14]
xn 1 xn ,

n 0,1,

. p

j 0, j 1,2, , p 1 ,

p 0 .


.
p

p
p!

C j

f j
, j 2,3,
j ! f


,
Mathematica.

10

2.
2.1

. f ,
.
.
f x0 , f x0 . x1 x
f x1 , f x1
.
x0 , f x0

y x f x0 f x0 x x0 .
f x0 0 , x1

y x 0
x1 x0

xk k

xk 1 xk

f x0
f x0

f xk
,
f xk

k 0,1, 2,

xk 1 xk ,

x x

f x
f x

f x 0

f x 0 . , xk 1 xk
.

max ( x)

x a, b .

11

x 1

f x f x f ( x ) f x f ( x )

f ( x )2
f ( x )2

f x f ( x )
2
f ( x )

x a, b .

max

, f
f x 0 x .
,
f x 0 .
f f x 0
, f
. f
.
,
.
x

f x f xk f u du ,
xk

xk f x 0 , .


.

x

f u du
xk

- n
N n f ; xk , x

x xk
n

A
i 0

n ,i

f i ,

i xk i x xk ,

12

i 0,1 ,
i
n

i , i 0,1, , n .

0 f x f xk f u du f xk N n f ; xk , x
xk

f xk N n f ; xk , x 0 ,
,
x xk
n

f xk

n ,i

i 0

f i 0 .

f xk

x xk
n

A
i 0

n ,i

f xk x xk 0 .
n

x
x xk

nf xk
.
i

An ,i f xk x xk

i 0
n

x xk 1 ,
f x 0
xk 1 xk

nf xk
.
i

A
f
x

x
k 1 k

k
n ,i
n

i 0
n

xk 1
xk 1 xk

f xk
,
f xk

k 0,1, 2,

xk .
xk 1 ,

13

xk 1 xk

nf xk
.
n

i f xk
An ,i f xk

n f xk
i 0


, . ,
, ,
,
.
2.2
2.2.1

f u du
xk

n 1 a xk b x .

f u du L f ; x , x x x f x .
1

xk

f xk x xk f xk 0

x xk

f xk
,
f xk

,
xk 1 xk

f xk
.
f xk

.
2,
EEF

2
1,
2

EEF * 2 1.4142

14

2.2.2

f u du
xk

n 1 a xk b x .

f u du D f ; x , x x x f x .
1

xk

f xk x xk f x 0

x xk

f xk
.
f x

x . x xk 1 ,

xk 1 xk

f xk
.
f xk 1

xk 1 xk

f xk
,
f xk

xk 1 xk

f xk

f xk
f xk

f xk

2,

2
EEF ,
3

EEF * 3 2 1.25992

15

2.2.3

f u du
xk

n 1 a xk b x .

xx
f u du M f ; x , x x x f 2
x

xk


x xk
f xk x xk f
2

x xk

f xk
x xk
f
2

x . x xk 1 ,

xk 1 xk

f xk
x x
f k 1 k
2

xk 1 xk

f xk
,
f xk

xk 1 xk

f xk

f xk
f xk

2 f xk

[17] [2]
[13]. 3,

16

EEF

3
1,
3

EEF * 3 3 1.44224

2.3 -
,

f u du
xk

xk 1 xk

nf xk
.

i f xk
An ,i f xk

n f xk
i 0

- , .
.
3. [2]
3. -
,
.
2.3.1
n 1 a xk , b x , A1,0 A1,1

xk 1 xk

f xk
1
f xk f x
2

x . x xk 1 ,

xk 1 xk

xk 1 xk

f xk
1
f xk f xk 1
2

f xk

f xk

xk 1 xk

2 f xk
.

f xk
f xk f xk

f xk

17

, [1], [2], [16], [8]


[17]. [17]. 3,

EEF

3
1,
3

EEF * 3 3 1.44224

2.3.2
n 2 a xk , b x ,
xk 1 xk

1
3

a b x xk
1
4
, A2,0 A2,2

A2,1
2
2
3
3

2 f xk
x xk
f xk 4 f
2

f x

x . x xk 1 ,

xk 1 xk

xk 1 xk

1
3

2 f xk
x x
f xk 4 f k 1 k
2

f xk 1

f xk

f xk

xk 1 xk

6 f xk
.

f xk
f xk
f xk 4 f xk
f xk

2
f
x
f xk

, [3].
[17]. 3,
3
EEF ,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

2.3.3
[17]

x xk
2

f u du x x 1 f
k

xk


f xk f x
2

( ) .

18

x xk
0 f x f xk f u du f xk x xk 1 f
2

xk

x

x xk


f xk f x
2

2 f xk
.
x xk

2 1 f
f xk f x
2

xk 1 x
xk 1
2 f xk
.
xk 1 xk

2 1 f
f xk f xk 1
2

xk 1 xk

xk 1 xk

f xk
,
f xk


xk 1 xk

2 f xk

f xk
f xk
2 1 f xk
f xk f xk

2 f xk
f xk


xk 1 xk

2 f xk
x x
2 1 f k 1 k f xk f xk 1
2

xk 1 xk

f xk
.
f xk


F x x

2 f x
.

f x
f x
2 1 f xk
f x f xk

2 f x
f
x

19

F ,

F F 0,

F c22

3 1
c3 .
4

F , xk 1 F xk 3.
8.

f C 4 D

f ( x) m 0,

x D.

f x 0 D 0

x0 D x D : x

xk 1 xk

2 f xk
,

f xk
f xk
2 1 f xk
f xk f xk

2
f
x
f xk

,
3 1
c3.
c22
4

. f x 0 D
. f 0 , 0 D D .

f x
( ) ,
f x
0 0
x

f x
f
f x

x

f x
f
f x

x D . min b , a . 0
1

x D 1,
2

a x

x D x

f x
b.
f x

f x
f x
,x
D .
f x
2 f x

20

M
, xD .
6
6q

f C 4 ( D) . min , ,
.
M

x D D
.
q 0,1 . F x

F
D x0 D

x1 F x0 F

F
3
x0 .
3!


x1

x0
3

3!

M3 2
x0 q x0 x0 ,
6

x1 D . x0 D
xk D , k 0,1,

xk 1 q xk q2 xk 1

qk 1 x0

q 0,1 . 3 7.
[17]
0,1 . .

f u du
xk

x xk x xk
f
2 2

1
f xk f x
2

, [17],

xk 1 xk

4 f xk
.

f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk

2
f
x
f xk

1
.
2
1
1 , 0 , .
3
[16] ( ), [2] (

21

) [3] (
) . 3, ,
,
3
EEF ,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

2.4

x

f u du
xk

n
Gn f ; xk , x

x xk
2

w f
i 1

wi i .

x xk
x xk
,
i
2
2

i 1,1 .

0 f x f xk f u du f xk Gn f ; xk , x
xk

f xk Gn f ; xk , x 0 ,
,
f xk

x xk
2

w f 0 .
i 1

f xk

x xk
2

x xk
x xk
i
0.
2
2

w f
i 1

x
22

2 f xk
x xk
x xk
wi f
i

2
2
i 1

x xk

x xk 1 ,

xk 1 xk

2 f xk
x x
x x
wi f k 1 k i k 1 k

2
2

i 1
n

xk 1 xk

f xk
,
f xk

xk 1 xk

2 f xk

f xk
f xk
wi f
i xk

2 f xk
i 1
2 f xk
n

2.4.1
n 1 a xk , b x , 1 0 w1 2

xk 1 xk

f xk

f xk
f xk

2 f xk


. ,
. [2] [13].
3,
EEF

3
1,
3

EEF * 3 3 1.44224

2.4.2
n 2 a xk , b x , 1

1
1
, 2
, w1 w2 1
3
3

23

xk 1 xk

2 f xk
.

f xk
f xk
f xk
f xk
f
xk
f
xk

2 3 f x

2 3 f x

2
f
x
2 f xk

k
k
k

.
3,
3
EEF ,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

2.4.3
n 3 a xk , b x , 1
w3

3
3
5
, 2
, 3 0 , w1 w2 ,
5
5
9

xk 1 xk

18 f xk
5 f z1 5 f z2 8 f z0

z1

f xk 3
f xk
f xk 3
f xk
f xk
xk
xk
, z2
, z0 xk
.
2 f xk 5
2 f xk
2 f xk 5
2 f xk
2 f xk

. 3,

3
EEF ,
5

EEF * 5 3 1.24573 .

24

3.
[10] [17].
2, [17] 3.
,
,
2.
, [17],
. 3
.
3.1.1 Nasr-Al-Din Ide
[10]
xk 1 xk

4 f xk

f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk

f xk

f xk 2
f xk

f xk
f xk

2 f xk

[17],

xk 1 xk

4 f xk
.

f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk

2
f
x
f xk

f xk
f xk

2 f xk

f xk
f xk
f xk
2 f xk

.
f xk
2 f xk
. ,

25

F x x

4 f x

f x
f xk
f x

2
f
x

f x

f x 2
f x

f x
f x

2 f x

F ,

F 0,

c2
,
4

7c22 5c3

16
8

, .

EEF

2
1,
2

EEF * 2 1.4142

[10]
EEF

2 1
,
4 2

EEF * 4 2 1.18921


3
EEF ,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

, [10] ,
.
3.1.2
[10] ,

xk 1 xk

4 f xk

f xk
f xk
4 f xk
f xk f xk 5 f xk f xk

2 f xk
f xk

[10]

xk 1 xk

4 f xk

f xk
f xk
2 f xk
f xk f xk 3 f xk f xk

f xk
f xk

26

F ,

F 0,

F 0,

F c22

c3
4

F x x

4 f x

f x
f x
2 f x
f x f x 3 f x f x

f x
f x

[10]
EEF

3
,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

3.
[17],
.
3.1.3
(
)
FL x x

f x
f x

FD x x

f x

f x
f x

f x

f x
f x f x f x

f x

FLD x x

f x
2 f x f x

f x

FLD

F ,

F 0,

F 0,

c3
2

.

27

EEF

3
1,
3

EEF * 3 3 1.44224

, [10].

[1], [6], [7], [8], [13], [17] [18].

28

4.


. Mathematica- 8.
10000 SetPrecision .
: xk f xk .
,
* , 10000 , 20 .
(COC)

COC

ln xn 1 / xn
ln xn / xn 1

COC 2 3.
f x 0
x0
1 * :

f1 x

1
sin x , [4], [14], 1* 0.5235987755982988731 , x0 0.7 ,
2

f 2 x x3 10 , [6], [16], 2 * 2.1544346900318837218 , x0 2 ,


f 3 x x 3 4 x 2 10 , [6], [8], [10], [16], [18], 4 * 1.3652300134140968458 , x0 2

f 4 x e x sin x ln x 2 1 , [7], 11 0 , x0 2 ,
f5 x x 1 1 , [6], [16], [18], 5 2 , x0 1.8 ,
3

f 6 x x 1 2 , [7], [8], [16], [18], 6* 2.259921049894873 , x0 2.0 ,


3

*
0.8952060453842319 , x0 1.5 ,
f 7 x x 2 sin x cos x , [7], 10

f8 x e x

7 x 30

1 , [6], [16], [18], 8 3 , x0 3.1 ,

f 9 x x cos x , [6], [16], [18], 9* 0.7390851332151606 , x0 2 ,


*
0.7728829591492101 , x0 1.5 ,
f10 x x 3 e x , [9], [10], 10

.
, .
29

log x8
.

xk 1 xk

4 f xk

f xk
f xk
f xk 2 f xk
f xk

2 f xk
f xk

[17] 1/ 2 .
1 , 0 , 1/ 3 .
[16] ( ), [2] (
) [3] (
) .
[10]
.
.
.

f1

f2

f3

f8

f10

156.858

143.505

76.5611

37.7291

41.5255


1
1/ 2
1/ 3
0
. n 2
. n 3


159.113

142.836
2380.80
2436.88
2457.16
2500.55
2457.16
2457.16
229.883
2417.43
3456.71

79.0319
1264.79
1300.31
1312.18
1339.00
1312.82
1312.82
133.557
1288.14
1965.54

62.6241
546.282
607.272
630.584
683.024
630.79
630.71
78.1489
585.626
906.281

54.8402
646.206
692.079
708.99
745.809
708.992
708.991
84.7777
676.032
1070.99

2795.84
2686.51
2524.01
2686.57
2686.55
238.781
2940.17
2758.96

1. log x8
2
.
,

. 3,
, ,
3
EEF ,
4

EEF * 4 3 1.31607

2.

30

EEF

EEF *

AKG

2 1.4142

C2

2/3

2 1.25992

3 1.44224

1/ 2

3/4

3 1.31607

1/ 3

3/4

3 1.31607

3 1.44224

. n 2

3/4

3 1.31607

C2
1
C22 C3
2
1
C22 C3
8
2
C2
1
C22 C3
2
2
C2

. n 3

3/5

3 1.24573

C22

1/2

2 1.18921

3/4

3 1.31607

3 1.44224

1
C2
4
1
C22 C3
4
1
C3
2

1. (AKG)
1 .
1 .
,
4. , .
3
, .
2,
.

31

5.

.

.
. , ,
.

,
. [17]
.
[17].
[17]
[10]. ,
2, 3. ,

, 2.
[17] 3
.

, Mathematica.
, [6], [8], [10], [16] [18].
.

32

6.
[1]

[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]

[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]

Babajee, D. K. R., Dauhoo, M. Z., An analysis of the properties of the variants of


Newton's method with third order convergence, Applied Mathematics and
Computation 183 (1) (2006), 659684.
Frontini, M., Sormani, E., Some variants of Newton's method with third-order
convergence, Appl. Math. Comput. 140, 2003, 419-426.
Hasanov, V.I., Ivanov, I.G., Nedzhibov, G., A new modifcation of Newton's
method, Applications of Mathematics in Engineering, 27, 2002, 278-286.
Herceg, ., Herceg, D., On a third order family of methods for solving nonlinear
equations, International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 2010, 1-9.
Herceg D., Kreji N., Numerika analiza, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Stylos, Novi
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33

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34


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35

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36

UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD


FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTAMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS
KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION
Accession number:
ANO
Identification number:
INO
Document type: Monograph type
DT
Type of record: Printed text
TR
Contents Code:
CC
Author: Jelena Kovaevi
AU
Mentor: dr. Dragoslav Herceg
MN
Title: Quadrature based iterative method for numerical solving nonlinear equations
XI
Language of text: Serbian (Cyrillic)
LT
Language of abstract: Serbian and English
LA
Country of publication: Serbia
CP
Locality of publication: Vojvodina
LP
Publication year: 2012.
PY
Publisher: Author's reprint
PU
Publ. place: Novi Sad, Department of mathematics and informatics, Faculty of
Science, Trg Dositeja Obradovia 3
PP
Physical description 4/ 38/ 18/3/0/0

PD
Scientific field: Mathematics
SF
Scientific discipline: Numerical mathematics
SD
Key words:
SKW UC:
Holding data:
HD
Note:
N
Abstract: In this paper, we consider some numerical methods for solving nonlinear
equations f x 0 with one unknown, which are based on modifications of

37

Newton's procedure. Starting from the expression f x f xk f u du and


xk

replacing the integral by quadrature formulas for numerical integration, we obtain


an approximation for f x . Equating to zero this approximation we get firstly
implicit equation to calculate the approximate value of solutions to the equation
f x 0 . Using Newton's method we obtain from the implicit equation explicit
one, and then two-step iterative method. Depending on the choice of quadrature
formulas we obtained family of iterative methods. For selected procedures, under
certain assumptions, we prove convergence and determine the order of
convergence.
AB
Accepted by the Scientific Board on: 9. 07. 2012
ASB
Defended:
DE
Thesis defense board:
DB
President:
dr ore Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University of
Novi Sad
Member:
dr, Helena Zarin, Associate Professor, Faculty of Science,
University of Novi Sad
Member:
dr Dragoslav Herceg, Full Professor, Faculty of Science, University
of Novi Sad

38

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