Math 311 - Spring 2014

Solutions to Assignment # 8
Completion Date: Friday May 30, 2014

Question 1. [p 149, #2]

By finding an antiderivative, evaluate each of these integrals, where the path is any contour between the
indicated limits of integration:
Z

(a)

i/2

dz;

(b)

Ans: (a) (1 + i)/;

+2i

cos
0

(b) e + (1/e) ;

z 
2

dz;

(c)

(z 2)3 dz.

(c) 0.

Solution:

(a) Since

d
dz

1 z
e

= ez for all z C, then F (z) =

Z

i/2

1 z
e is an antiderivative of f (z) = ez , so that

i/2

1
1  i/2
1 z 
e
ei = (1 + i).
dz = e  =

d
(2 sin (z/2)) = cos (z/2) for all z C, then the function F (z) = 2 sin (z/2) is an antiderivative
dz
of f (z) = cos (z/2) , and

(b) Since

+2i
0

+2i

1
= 2 [sin (/2 + i) sin(0)] = 2 sin (/2 + i) = 2 cos(i) = e + .
cos (z/2) dz = 2 sin (z/2) 
e
0



d 1
1
(z 2)4 = (z 2)3 for all z C, then the function F (z) = (z 2)4 is an antiderivative
dz 4
4
of f (z) = (z 2)3 , and

(c) Since

(z 2)3 dz =

3


1
1
(z 2)4  =
(3 2)4 (1 2)4 = 0.
4
4
1

Question 2. [p 149, #5]

Show that
Z

1
1

z i dz =

1 + e
(1 i),
2

where z denotes the principal branch

z i = exp(i Log z) (|z| > 0, < Arg z < )
and where the path of integration is any contour from z = 1 to z = 1 that, except for its end points, lies
above the real axis. (Compare with Exercise 7, Sec. 42.)

Suggestion: Use an antiderivative of the branch



z i = exp(i log z)

|z| > 0,

3
< arg z <
2
2

of the same power function.

Solution: Let
f (z) = z i , |z| > 0, < Arg z < ,
y
C
1

then f (z) = z i = exp(i Log z) is not defined at z = 1, but if we consider the branch
f1 (z) = z i = exp(i log z),
3

<<
, then f1 (z) is defined and analytic at each point of C and its values
2
2
coincide with the values of f (z) except at z = 1.
where log z = ln |z| + i,

y
C
1

An antiderivative of f1 (z) is given by F1 (z) =

F1 (z) =
Therefore,
Z
and
Z
that is,
Z

z i dz =

z i dz =
1

1
z i+1 , that is,
1+i

3
1
exp((i + 1) log z), |z| > 0, < <
.
1+i
2
2

z i dz =

f1 (z) dz =
1

1
1

F10 (z) dz = F1 (1) F1 (1),

i

1 h
1 
1 (1)i+1 =
1 e((1+i)[ln |1|+i]) ,
1+i
1+i

i

1i


1
1 h
1 e(1+i)i =
1 ei e =
1 + e .
1+i
1+i
2

Question 3. [p 160, #1 (a)]

Apply the Cauchy-Goursat theorem to show that
either direction, and when f (z) =

z2
.
z3

f (z) dz = 0 when the contour C is the circle |z| = 1, in

C

Solution: Since f (z) =

z2
is analytic inside and on the contour |z| = 1, then
z3
Z
z2
dz = 0
|z|=1 z 3

if the contour is traversed in either direction.

Question 4. [p 160, #1 (c)]
Apply the Cauchy-Goursat theorem to show that
either direction, and when f (z) =
Solution: Since f (z) =
then

z2

1
.
z 2 + 2z + 2

f (z) dz = 0 when the contour C is the circle |z| = 1, in

C

1
1
=
is analytic inside and on the contour |z| = 1,
+ 2z + 2
(z + 1 i)(z + 1 + i)
Z
1
dz = 0
2
|z|=1 z + 2z + 2

if the contour is traversed in either direction.

Question 5. [p 160, #1 (f )]
Apply the Cauchy-Goursat theorem to show that
either direction, and when f (z) = Log(z + 2).

f (z) dz = 0 when the contour C is the circle |z| = 1, in

C

Solution: Since the branch cut for f (z) = Log(z + 2) extends from the point z = 2 along the negative
real axis, then f (z) is analytic inside and on the contour |z| = 1, so that
Z
Log(z + 2) dz = 0
|z|=1

if the contour is traversed in either direction.

Question 6. [p 170, #1 (a)]
Let C denote the positively oriented boundary of the square whose sides lie along the lines x = 2 and
y = 2. Evaluate the integral
I
ez
dz.
C z (i/2)
Ans: 2.
i
Solution: Let f (z) = ez , then f is analytic inside and on C, and since z0 =
is interior to C, then by
2
Cauchys integral formula
I
ez
1
dz = f (i/2) = ei/2 = i,
2i C z (i/2)
so that

ez
dz = 2i(i) = 2.
z (i/2)

Question 7. [p 170, #1 (b)]

Let C denote the positively oriented boundary of the square whose sides lie along the lines x = 2 and
y = 2. Evaluate the integral
I
cos z
dz.
2 + 8)
z(z
C
Ans: i/4.
cos z
, then f is analytic inside and on C, and since z0 = 0 is interior to C, then by
z2 + 8
Cauchys integral formula
I
1
cos(0)
1
cos z
dz = f (0) =
= ,
2
2i C z(z + 8)
8
8

Solution: Let f (z) =

so that

cos z
i
dz = .
z(z 2 + 8)
4

Question 8. [p 170, #1 (e)]

Let C denote the positively oriented boundary of the square whose sides lie along the lines x = 2 and
y = 2. Evaluate the integral
I
tan(z/2)
dz (2 < x0 < 2).
2
C (z x0 )
Ans: i sec2 (x0 /2).
Solution: Let f (z) = tan(z/2),
then the singularities of f (z) are the zeros of cos(z/2) and these occur

1
, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , all of which are outside the square. Therefore, f (z) is
at the points z = 2 n +
2
analytic inside and on C, and since x0 is interior to C, from Cauchys integral formula we have
I
I
1
tan(z/2)
tan(z/2)
1!
0
f (x0 ) =
dz,
and
f (x0 ) =
dz.
2i C (z x0 )
2i C (z x0 )2

Now, f 0 (x0 ) =

1
sec2 (x0 /2), so that
2
1
2i

tan(z/2)
1
dz = sec2 (x0 /2),
2
(z x0 )
2

that is,
I

tan(z/2)
dz = i sec2 (x0 /2).
(z x0 )2

Question 9. [p 170, #2]

Find the value of the integral of g(z) around the circle |z i| = 2 in the positive sense when
(a) g(z) =
Ans: (a) /2;

z2

1
;
+4
(b) /16.

(b) g(z) =

(z 2

1
.
+ 4)2

Solution:
1
1
and f (z) =
, then f is analytic inside and on C, and since z0 = 2i is interior
z2 + 4
z + 2i
to |z i| = 2, then from Cauchys integral formula we have
I
I
1
1
1
1
f (z)
dz =
dz = f (2i) = ,
2i |zi|=2 z 2 + 4
2i |zi|=2 z 2i
4i

(a) Let g(z) =

so that

|zi|=2

1
dz = .
z2 + 4
2

1
1
, and let f (z) =
, then f is analytic inside and on C, and since z0 = 2i
(z 2 + 4)2
(z + 2i)2
is interior to |z i| = 2, then from Cauchys integral formula we have
I
I
2
2
f (z)
1!
1
dz = f 0 (2i) =
=
,
g(z) dz =
2i |zi|=2
2i |zi|=2 (z 2i)2
(2i + 2i)3
64(i)

(b) Let g(z) =

so that

|zi|=2

2i

1
dz =
=
.
(z 2 + 4)2
32i
16

Question 10. [p 171, #3]

Let C be the circle |z| = 3, described in the positive sense. Show that if
Z
2z 2 z 2
g(w) =
dz (|w| 6= 3),
zw
C
then g(2) = 8i. What is the value of g(w) when |w| > 3?
Solution: Let f (z) = 2z 2 z 2, then f is analytic inside and on C, and from the Cauchy integral formula
we have
I
2z 2 z 2
dz = 2if (2) = 2i(8 2 2) = 8i.
g(2) =
z2
|z|=3
If |w| > 3, then h(z) =

2z 2 z 2
is analytic inside and on C, and from the Cauchy-Gourat theorem,
zw
I
2z 2 z 2
dz = 0
zw
|z|=3

for |w| > 3.

Question 11. [p 171, #7]
Let C be the unit circle z = ei ( ). First show that, for any real constant a,
I az
e
dz = 2i.
C z
Then write this integral in terms of to derive the integration formula
Z
ea cos cos(a sin ) d = .
0

Solution: Let f (z) = eaz , then f is analytic inside and on C, and from the Cauchy integral formula, we
have
I az
1
e
dz = e0 = 1,
2i C z
that is,
I
i

eaz
dz = 2i.
z

Now, on C, we have z = e and dz = ie d, so that

I az
Z a(cos +i sin )
Z
e
e
i
dz =
i
e
d
=
i
ea cos eai sin d,
ei
C z

and therefore
2i =
that is,
Z

eaz
dz = i
z

a cos

ea cos [cos(a sin ) + i sin(a sin )] d,

cos(a sin ) d + i

Equating real and imaginary parts, we have

Z
ea cos cos(a sin ) d = 2

ea cos sin(a sin ) d = 2.

and

ea cos sin(a sin ) d = 0,

and since the function h() = ea cos cos(a sin ) is even, then
Z
ea cos cos(a sin ) d = .
0