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    Us 9215932

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    Us 9215932

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    Mohammed Abdalrhman
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    2) United States Patent oy 6) an @y 66) n os) G0) Birkbeck IDE CHAIR ACTION 1ry Rolf Birkbeck, Fenny Compton (GB) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the teem ofthis pateat is extended of adjusted under 35 USC. 154(b) by 181 days. Appl.No: 19821,124 PCT Filed: Sep.2,2011 PCT No: PCTIGR2011/051656 S371 (0K), (2),(4)Date: Sep. 23,2013 PCT Pub, No WO2012/032336 PCT Pubs, Date: Mar, 15, 2012 Prior Publication Data US 2014010368941 Apr. 17,2014 Fore 1 Priority Data Applic Sep.8, 2010 (GB) 10149532 oy (2 (58) InCl. Aa7C 1032 (2006.01) us.cl. CBC 1. Ad7C 1103255 (2013.01), A470 1108277 (201301); 447C 113294 (201301) Field of Classification Search crc AS7C 1/03255; ATC 103277; AATC 103294 spc 297/300.1, 3002, 3007, 300.5, 316 2071317, 318 See application file for complete search history. US009215932B2 (10) Patent No.: US 9,215,932 B2 (35) Date of Patent: Dec. 22, 2015 66) References Cited US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 49663811 A 1011990 Katagir a. SOM A + "81999 Amana aos 827091056 2 "32004 Bock soro0 Save B2* $2005 Sender 786 908171 B2 62008. Raoblock eal Dsies0 § 22007 newer 7188900 BL 32007 Rafery (Continved) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS dessa 706 (Coutinved) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Tun Yu, “SA-9000" chr adjustment mechanism tcchaicalshet. Publication dit unknown, (Continsed) ssaminer — David R Duna “Assistant Examiner — Timothy J Brindley (74) Attorney, Agent, oF Firm — Dickinson Wright PLLC 6 ABSTRACT A ebaie action features @ movable seat frame (11), a drive frame (12) for eflecting seat frame movement, and an under- pinning yoke frame (13) intervening pivot slides operative between frames, with guideway slots (14, 14,16) and follow ers (19) variously i frames, o conttive a combined pivot Swing and translational side action, and free-Aoating seat Frame mobility, while conforming to viral pivot goometry: ‘operable under a potential energy function in an inter-relae ‘ionship herween back recline and seat movement, foe com: ‘ion or hammonious experience between different eecupancy weights Primary US 9,215,932 B2 Page 2 66) References Cited FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS. USS. PATENT DOCUMENTS ow 2016246 102010 cw dovsiose? 112010 7.611.202 B2 11/2009 oknson ea 108773911 2008 TS06a7% BIe 102010 Cocke 273001 ES 2786 112010 S528973 B27 9015. Sander da 2973081 NL S028 S992 AO1E Stee SIs WO | wossisss1 1953 5 Ni 8034 WO wo2o0KD20804 22008 2oouoonsizi AL 42004 Sapiro WO WO2001s3811 122009 poogoisssez AL 83004 WO — Wo20I0097818 ‘92010, doosortszes AL 122005 aoosoowsion AL ‘42008 (OTHER PUBLICATIONS ao 0146475 Al 2oopo1sa sornoo ISP. Ace Components Intemational, "LP02" chair asinent 20100164269 Ale 3973001 mechanism techie shee. Publication date unknown DoLLo1933e Al 0140028066 29730 doiaoorrss2 Al* Baty a W700 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 1 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 a 4 eta ise Figue 1C Figue 161 U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 2 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 we ot 2 Figure 10 Figure 1D1 Figure 1€ Figure 161 U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 3 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Figure 28 Figure 281 a Figure 20 Figure 261 U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 4 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 7 2 13 19 6 Ue Fioure 2 Figure 261 U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 5 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Figure 3A Figure 38 Sheet 6 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Dec. 22, 2015 U.S, Patent Figure 4A Figure ac U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 7 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Figure 5A U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 8 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 9 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 ‘Mg Paddle, length R Origin of ground frame Hip phot - Origin of seat nO) U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 10 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Hip pivot position Ey Figure 8 U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 11 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 we 20 26 20 Faves U.S. Patent Dee. 22, 2015 Sheet 12 of 12 US 9,215,932 B2 Faure 10 US 9,215,932 B2 1 SLIDE CHAIR ACTION (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED "APPLICATIONS, “The proseat application isa national stage filing, pursuant 135 USC. Section 371, of lterational Patent Application No. PCT/GB2011/031656, filed Sep. 2, 2011, and through ‘which priority is claimed to Great Britain Application No, 1014953 2, fled Sep. 8, 2010, the disclosures of which appl ‘cations ae incorporate herein by reference in their entire STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY ‘SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not applicable ‘THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT [Not applicable INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON. COMPACT DISC [Not applicable STATEMENT REGARDING PRIOR DISCLOSURES BY THE INVENTOR OR A. JOINT INVENTOR [Not applicable FIELD OF THE INVENTION ‘This invention relates to chisir actions and is particularly, butnot exclusively, concemed with weclinerchairto achieves so-called *Virwal Pivot? (VP) action; that is one uncon- strained by the physical confines ofa chair component and ‘one consistent or harmonious with the natural pivot achaie ‘occupant body BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Prior Art ‘Various proposals have been made for recliner chairs with seat and back mobility, but few if any ta VP agenda, and deficient in vetion and mechanical complexity and s0 cost ‘The Applicant has previously devised a VP action in W020071023301 which employed a “distributed “frame approach to reduce the bulk and intrusiveness of underseat micchanism and allow freedom of (pedestal) mounting and in a later design has explored a multiple link arrangement in & ‘co-operative chain or sequential array for more elaborate ‘motion modes BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Statement of Invention In one aspect ofthe invention, chair action comprises ‘seat frame (11), drive frame (12), er-couple (14,15, 16,19) between seat and drive frames, 0 o 2 a yoke frame (13) for chair mounting, ‘another intercouple (17, 18, 21) between scat and yoke Tames, ‘operabie under a potential energy function ‘nan interrelationship between back recline and seat move- tor @ common or harmonious experience between diferent csecupancy weights In another aspect of the invention, achairaction, has a movable set frame (11), adrive frame (12) for efleting seat frame movement, and an undempinning yoke frame (13); intervening pivot slides operative between frames, with guideway slots (14,14, 16) and followers (19) vario frames to contrive a combined pivot swing and translational slide and free-floating seat frame mobility, ‘whilst conforming to a viral pivot geometry ‘consistent with oceupant natural body pivot Generally, a mixed element mechanism, designated for case of reference as a “slide” o reflect a principal element, uses a combination of (predominantly) bespoke profiled oF contoured elongate slots (racks, grooves, pathways or guide \Ways) and followers. The guideways ean have complex eur- vilinear and overlapping guide path profiles or pathways, ‘with abrupt transitions, even lol discontinuities, to impart temporary resistance. This is reflected in subtlety and com plexity of attendant motion through followers transitioning the gukdeways. Soa guideway path could be regard asa form fof shant” 2D profile or 3-D contour map for passive explo- ration by followers, Guideway profiles effectively a form of executable’ ana- logue program, which dictates or at lest impacts upon com- ponent mobility to prescribed pathway and thus esi action ‘pat’, such as seat side and elevation ott, t0 a eerain input’ such as oecupancy and back recline, A substitution of the guideway clement with another profile ar another gide- way routing, effectively achieves a program change. If sired, a guideway can importa degree of “soft compliance’, Aexbilty or ‘give"in chair action, ‘A broad consideration is subllety or complenity in chair aetion, but without undue complexity in components or inter ‘couple That could be regardedas a “leverage programmable value’ outcome, That js a disproportionately greater output value fora relatively modest input effort or cost. Rather than necessarily having to change components for a guideway change, multiple altemative guideways could be incorporated jn a given component, with an appropriate guideway used ‘upon assembly: A segmented, multiple alterative pathway rl trick spi, bifureation, cross-over or points changeover ‘ight even be Tite for guideway change selection, ‘Slides or guideways alone ean prove unpredictable and unstable in Variability for motion control. To addeess this slides ean be used as primary motion control in conjunction ‘witha secondary ‘disciplinary’ element, seh as links, most likely with fixed relative pivot axis dispositions. Links with movable pivots might be contemplated, but would be more challenging to avoid inadvertent lock-up or jamming. Links ‘conveniently take the form of swing of pivot arms, such as ‘ams pivoted at opposite ends o different elements, nd help stabilise, contol or “discipline” the action, Links ean be regarded asa subsidiary ancillary element to motion contr. ‘As a prime geometry constrain, seat and back ean rate largely, but not wholly, independently sbout a common sotional VP axis, in common with the Body of a chair ocen- US 9,215,932 B2 3 pant, Thisto provide reassurance, compliance and comfort. Jocus of movemeat of an oecupant body pivot can be repli ‘ated or followed ina chair action by harmony with mecha nism VP locus ‘A slide rationalises the numberof elements and moving parts, whilst preserving flexibility in action freedom by xdmittng a certsin compensatory adjustment, 0 allow a cer ‘i in mounting and deve tolerance, slackness, ‘or ‘slop’, Put another way, a slide allows a greater overall, collective freedom of movement and a more complex acto ‘or motion profile; with blurred boundaes o “udge’, More simply, slide can impart ‘compliance’ with a target motion. A potential awkward or obsinictive action ia one arca is relieved and compensated for in olher arees, The action socommodates motion combinations for elements, which right otherwise come into mutual confit and even jam of impede movement. Useis madeof multiple individual guide- ‘way profiles of curvilinea form and their co-operative rela tive disposition ‘The collective (movement) setion is two-fold Ato contol the interaction of principal chair elements (eg. back and seat) BB. to contol the movement in space of principal chair ele- rents (eg, back and seat): this movement action is in relation to a static reference oF around plane; represented, inthe case ofa pedestal chair, by ‘an underpinning frame, configured as a yoke with spayed ums about a stem collar. For aside chaie a base frame sup- ported by corner legs could serves an underpinaing suppor. ‘Considerations 1. to allow the seat frame to apparently “ideo float freely. (ia relation toa ground or reference plane) in the perceptions ‘ofa (chair-bome’) seat occupant. 2. to impart “reassuring resistance to (intial andar ongoing) back recline, by (reciprocal) counteraction with, o s00-838" ‘counterbalance by, (imposed) occupant weight 3. to achieve a (counter) balance pivot “consistent” o¢ “hat ‘monious’ with (an effective) natural body pivot, taking ‘account oF upper and lower trunk body mass distribution, as perceived by a chair occupant 4. gcometrically, a seat pivot complementary to, or consistent ‘oF coincident with back pivot 5. to ereate @ modest ineremental feral and upward seat transition, upondiven by back reine 6, to keep the seat rear to ewer hack junetion from coming together and ‘pinching’ an occupant; but to preserve a cone sistent seat inclination, 7. to provide support and “constrained” mobility, within bound, 8.a ‘seamless’ not “effortless (or minimal effor) respon- five, movement upon demand, gives an oocupaat a relaxed ‘contol; with constraints against sudden unstable modes oF behaviour. 9. reaction bias springs can slow, calm, tomper or dampen ‘movement in response to user demand 10. a modest retun bas action allows an automatic return ‘un-displaced condition, whilst allowing seme neutral balance, or neural stability, between back and seat mobility and affonling occupant feedback of reassurance through resistance to input. ‘Characteristics 1a minimal numberof principal elements; 2 princjpal elements ‘mutually contained; thus say, a seat fame sat astride (statie") yoke fame, but within the “embrace” or span ofa hack frame. 0 o 4 3. (a pair of longitudinally offet guideway’ in a seat fran ive followers carried by dive arm or 4. corain followers also traverse guideways in the yoke frame. ‘5. swing arms or pivot links between yoke frame and seat frame, grouped (eg. paired longitudinally) with fixed rela tive pivot disposition, 1 help stabilise, diseipline or con- steain mobility 6.akey of lead “design driver or criterion’ isa “vrtual pivot” faction: i.¢. eommonaity or harmoay of sea and back com: bined pivots, slong with ‘natural body (effectively com- bined upper and Tower trank) pivot outside the physical confines ofthe Frames Analysis For analysis, with simplified role categorisation, the idea and terminology of reaction’ or ‘reactive’ frames are in duced. Thus a reaetion frame is (or ean be defined as) one agains, or in relation to which, other frames are displaced. ‘Reoction frames (as a group oF category) could be classified ‘or ranked, in a hierarchy. of primary, secondary oF beyond, cording to whether or no they are stationeryitied, or them selves mobile, More specifically, a “primary reaction frame, in practice is likely to bea static ground or reference frame. such as the yoke frame for a pedestal chair mechanism ‘Whereas a secondary reaction frame, whilst also one a ‘rin relation to which, other frames ace displaced is itselr isplaceable in relation to primary frame. Thus, Say for & seat frame displaced in relation to a yoke frame, the yoke would be a primary frame, However, for a eat frame di placed in relation to a drive frame, the drive frame would be ‘asocondary frame: this Would reflet the intermediary ole oF the drive frame. The instigator of aeton, from a neuteal upright positon, i primarily back tit or recline upon occupancy. In some ofthe Applicant's past work, the mere act of occupancy oF seat Joauding displaced or “settled” the seat or seato-back inter ‘connection downward asa preparatory reaction, This allowed setting ofthe sent ramp incline against which back lt drove the sea upward and forward. Ina fresh appeoach, a coupling (cag. cam driver displacement) interface between hack and seat can have this “setting mode” effet, by altering the ‘mechanieal advantage leverage or ‘purchase’ of hack motion ‘over seat displacement, That leverage can vary over a tavel range with ¢ cam action profile lever end profile. The pur chase or pivot intercouple point of back in relation to a Support anidior seat frame eat reflect occupancy. A. seat to back intercouple or an interaetion interface between drive Tame and seat frame, or an intermediary such as the yoke frame, can also reflect occupancy. ‘A universal setting or setup, ic. one which engendered 3 ‘common aetion in space and Occupancy experience (such as resistance to and pathway of recline), can be achieved by counterbalaneing the (uperjimposed forees, sich as the effect of occupancy weight under gravity upon seat slide ‘motion against back it by rearward displacement ofeentreot gravity. A chair motion in harmony with an occupant body engenders 2 comfortable and reassuring occupancy sens- ‘ie, Poential Energy Anotlier conceptual approach, introduced for mathemat cal analysis of ehairacton and relative displacement of prin- cipal elements, and in particular the disposition in space of reaction frames, is that of “potential energy” (PE) of PE. fune- tion, as elaborated in the Appendix. This uses an indicative ‘mechanism as a convenical starting point and reflets the effect upon occupancy mass under gravity ator in transition US 9,215,932 B2 5 between different (seat) elevations. Such potential eneray ‘considerations could be assessed for displacement()in rela. tion to primary ffame(s) andior a static ground frame of reference, (Counter) balance and stability considerations, either for $ empiy clr or underoceupant landing, canbe analyse for a “see-sa, fovand-fv", oF reciprocal mounting of prineipsl fame elements about an intervening pivot. Taput change ores, suchas the imposition of occupant weight pon achaie seat, and occupant lean upon a ehair back versus the output reaction oF consequences in movement or e-M, conn that not slouching isthe lowest energy state Ii is further assumed Mj<0 to prevent slipping, 6 Other Foetors to Consider Por a slightly simplified chair design @ required shape oF profile of ‘mobility map” ean be derived o ensure the chair is neutrlly table for a given site. Tiss aot quite the whole picture as allowance also needs be made forthe contribution ‘ofthe chair parts (the potential energy of site heing constant ‘does not ensure the potential energy ofthe combined sitter and chairare constant). The most desirable design of chair for the general population ean be considered, given that it can ‘only be fine tuned fora fixed T value the desire is to ensure the sitter has to work to return to the upright postion, it may be desirable wo ensure that the potential energy is reduced for allusees during reining ad inereases when the sitter retin to upright. There are many other things that could be of ‘considered. These include: 0 o 16 tailed Mechanies!*Fee” of Siter on Chai (Dilficulty of Indeterminate System with Friction) ‘The sitter or oscupaney experience when siting on and ‘operating the chit i consideration. In particular, how in a aiven occupaney disposition the sitter applies forees to the back and set of the char to enable it to reline and how the sitter uses their own body weight or weight-shift 10 resist ‘motion, Prototype experimentalion clearly shows it ix far hharder to recline the chair with an oceupant’s feet off the sound. The underlying ground serves as a convenient reac- ‘ion plane to an oocupant’s fet. simple approach to this is cul to achieve as where the sitter applies the force on the chair back isa factor. Thor is also the added difficulty of Tetion between the ster and the chair. Again experimen ‘ion with reducing this fiction suggests that the forces Applied by the iter are dependent on this friction coefficient. fect of Friction in Sliders. ‘An important eflect is the influence of fition inthe slid ers, Some fretion is necessary in the sliders, because the ‘movement of the chair should sot be too easy or diseoncer- ‘ng, both for steadiness and comfort and also for exercise. A Similar consideration applies to bearings, The effect can be regarded as dam ‘Allowance of Tilting of Seat Base on Constant PE Caleu- lations The forgoing potential energy calculations were based on ‘Keeping the seat base horizontals inthe supporting embed ‘meat chair design. Yet some tilting (arward or backward) of the scat might be desirable, This eould be achieved by have ‘so padies or arms of differing lengths (say) that eause the front and back ofthe seat o rise and fal by differing amounts, depending on the tilt required. The seat would thus effectively ‘Abat upon spaced arms. The potential energy calculations presented in section 2 could be extended to allow for two prddles and the subsequent tilting ofthe seat, The geometry ‘and algebra would be harder but it shouldbe feasible a find 3 stitable curve to ensure neutral stability. REFERENCES [1] Human Factors Design Guide. William J. Hughes Teeh- nical Centre, Federal Aviation Adminis 96, [2] Man-Systems Integration Standards: Volume I NASA- 'STD-3000 Revision B, NASA, 1095. [] Sarah M. Donelson and Claire C. Gordon, Matched “Anthropometric Database of U.S. Marine Corps Person- tel: Summary Statisties Natick Research, Development and Engineering Centre Tecinieal Report, 1995. SEQUENCE LISTING [Not applicable “The invention claimed is: 1A subassembly fora chair ofthe type including a sepa- rate seat andl back Which are adjustable among a plurality of positions, anda chair frame for supporting the seat and back fhovea surface, The subassembly comprising a seat Fae for supporting the chair seat, a drive frame connoctabe to the hair back, an inter-couple between the seat and drive frames, a yoke frame for chsir mounting, and another inter-couple between the seat and yoke frames, wherein the drive frame is {freely slidably moveable relative to each othe seat frame and the yoke frame along a predefined path so as to simulta neously effect comresponding movement of the seat frame relative to each ofthe drive frame and yoke frame. 2. The subassembly of claim 1, wherein: the iter-couple between the seat and drive frames comprises at least one US 9,215,932 B2 17 udeway provided on one ofthe seat and dive frames, the at Feast ne guideway defining the predefined path, and atleast ‘one follower provided on the other of the seat and drive frames, at least one follower disposed in each atleast one uideway; and wherein the drive frame is frely slidably ‘moveable elativetoexchofthe set framesndthe yoke frame slong 2 path defined by the at least one guideway s0 a8 10 simultaneously effect comesponding movement of the seat Frame relative to each ofthe drive frame and yoke frame. 3. The subassembly of claim 2, wherein: the iter-couple between the seat and drive frames comprises at least Wo uideways provided on one ofthe seat ad drive frames, and at least two fllowers provided on the other ofthe seat and drive Frames, one of the at least (wo flowers dispoted in ‘each of the at least two guideway: and the dive frame is {ively slidably moveable lative to each ofthe seat ame and the yoke frame slong a path defined by the at least wo ideways so as 10 simultaneously effect corresponding ‘movement ofthe sat frame relative to eachof the drive frame and yoke frame. 4. The subassembly of claim 1, wherein: the inter-couple between the seat and drive frames comprises at least to uideways provided on the seat frame, and a least two fol- Jowers provided on the drive frame, at least one follower disposed in cach of the atleast two gtdeways; andthe drive Jame is fool slidably moveable relative to each ofthe seat Jame andthe yoke frame along a path defined by the atleast ‘wo guidewaysto simoltancously efecteorresponding move- ‘ment ofthe seat frame relative to each ofthe dive frame and ‘yoke frame. . The subassembly of claim 2, wherein: the inter-couple between the seat and yoke frames is characterized in thatthe seat frames pivotally maveably connected to the yoke frames the yoke frame includes at least ane guideway therein, and is further connectable othe chair frame so as to be stationary relative tothe seat frame and the eve frame during relative ‘movement of the seat and drive frames; ad the atleast one tideway in the yoke frame overlaps with the atleast one puideway of the inter-couple betveen the seat and drive Tames, and the at least one follower disposed in the atleast ‘one guideway of the inter-couple between the seat and drive James is also disposed in the at least one guideway in the ‘yoke frame. 6, A chair comprising a separate seat and back whieh are ‘adjustable among a plurality of positions, eluding a plural ity of eelined postions ofthe baek, and a chair frame for supporting the seat and back abovea surface the chair further ‘comprising. subassembly including seat frame forsupport= ing the chair seat «drive frame connectable tothe chair back, 1 inter-couple between the seat and deve frames, 2 yoke Tame for ehuie mounting, and another inter-couple besveea the seat and yoke frames, and wherein the drive fame is ‘connected tothe chair back, the yoke frame is connected to the chair frame so as tobe stationary relative tothe sent frame ‘andthe drive frame during relative movement of the seat and dive frames, and the seat frame supports the chair seat; and wherein further the drive frame is feely slidably moveable relative to each of the seat frame and the yoke frame along & predefined path so as 0 simultaneously elfet corresponding ‘avementof the seat frame relativeto each ofthe drive frame and yoke frame. 7 The chair according to claim 6, wherein the chai is ‘operable under a potential energy function the mass of a seated occupant i's proportional inter-relaionship between back aad seat recline moveme! 0 o 18 8. Thechsiraeconding to clsim 6, wherein the inter-couple between the seat and drive frames comprises at least one guideway provided on one ofthe seat and drive frames, the at Teast one guideway defining the predefined path, anda least fone follower provided on the other of the seat and drive frames, at least one follower disposed in each atleast one guideway; and wherein the deve frame is frely slidably ‘moveable lative to each ofthe seat frameandthe yoke frame ‘along a path defined by the atleast one guideway so as t0 simultaneously effect corresponding. moventent of the seat ‘rame oltive to eaeh of the drive frame and yoke frame. 9. Thechairacconding to claim 6, wherein: the inter-couple beween the seat and drive frames comprises at last two uidesays provided on one ofthe seat and drive frames, and at leat tw followers provided on the other ofthe seat and rive frames, one of the at Jeast two followers disposed in each ofthe atleast two guideways; and the drive frame is freely slidably moveable relative to each ofthe seat fame and the yoke frame along a path defined by the at least (wo guideways $0 a8 10 simultaneously effect corresponding ‘movement ofthe sat frame relative to each ofthe deve frame and yoke frame 10, The chair according to claim 6, wherein: the inter couple between the seat an deve frames comprises at least ‘wo guideway’ provided on the seat frame, and at least (Wo followers provided on the drive frame, at last one follower

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