1.

Introduction
1.1 Convert the following quantities from English to SI units.
(a) 98 Btu/hr-ft-F
(d) 1050 Btu/lbm
(b) 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
(e) 1.0 ton (cooling)
(c) 0.04 lbm/ft-hr
(f) 14.7 lbf/in2.
Solution:
(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)

(98Btu / hr ft F ) 1.7307 W / m C = 169.61 W/m-C

1 Btu / hr ft F

(0.24 Btu / lbm F ) 4186.8 J / kg C = 1004.8 J/kg-C

1 Btu / lbm F

1 hr 1.49 N s / m 2
= 1.656 x 10-5 N-s/m2.

)
/
ft

hr
m
3600 s 1 lbm / s ft

2.20462 lbm
1J

= 2,441,826 J/kg = 2442 kJ/kg

(1050 Btu / lbm )
4
1 kg
9.84 10 Btu

(0.04 lb

(e)

1.0 ton (cooling) = 12,000 Btu/hr

1W
= 3517 W
= (12000 Btu / hr )
3.412 Btu / hr

(f)

(14.7 lb

6894.76 Pa
= 101,353 Pa = 101.353 kPa
/ in 2 )
1.0 lb / in 2
f

1.2 Convert the following quantities from SI to English units.

(d) 10-6 N-s/m2
(a) 120 kPa
(e) 1200 kW
(b) 100 W/m-C
2
(c) 0.8 W/m -C
(f) 1000 kJ/kg
Solution:
(a)

(b)

(c)
(d)

2
1 lb f / in
= 17.4 lbf/in2.

1 kPa 6894.76 Pa
Btu in

6.933
Btu in
hr ft 2 F

(100 W / m C )
= 693.3

1W / m C
hr ft 2 F

2
(0.8 W / m 2 C ) 0.1761 Btu / hr2 ft F = 0.1409 Btu/hr-ft2-F
1W / m C

(120 kPa ) 1000 Pa

(10

1 lbm / sec ft
= 6.7114 x 10-7 lbm/sec-ft
N s / m 2 )
2
1.49 N s / m
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1. Introduction

(e)
(f)

(1200 kW ) 1000 W 3.412 Btu / hr = 4,094,400 Btu/hr

1W
1 kW

(1200 kJ / kg ) 1000 J 9.48 10 Btu 1 kg = 430 Btu/lbm.

1J
1 kJ
2.20462 lbm

1.3 A pump develops a total head of 50 ft of water under a given operating condition. What
pressure is the pump developing in SI units and terminology?
Solution:
1 in w.g. = 249.08 Pa
Then,
12 in 249.08 Pa 1 kPa

= 149.45 kPa
Pressure = (50 ft )
1 ft 1 in. w.g . 1000 Pa

1.4 A fan is observed to operate with a pressure difference of 4 in. of water. What is the pressure
difference in SI units and terminology?
Solution:
1 in w.g. = 249.08 Pa
Then,
249.08 Pa
= 996.32 Pa
Pressure = (4 in. w.g.)
1 in. w.g .

1.5 Compute the heat transferred from water as it flows through a heat exchanger at a steady rate
of 1 m3/s. The decrease in temperature of the water is 5 C, and the mean bulk temperature is
60 C. Use SI units.
Solution:

at 60 C , Table A-1b = 983.2 kg/m3.

cp at 60 C , Table A-1b = 983.2 kg/m3.

Q& = 1 m3/s
m& = Q& = (983.2 kg/m3)(1 m3/s) = 983.2 kg/s
q& = m& c p T = (983.2 kg/s)(4.183 kJ/kg-C)(5 C) = 20,564 kW

1.6 Make the following volume and mass flow rate calculations in SI units. (a) Water flowing at
an average velocity of 2 m/s in nominal 2 in., type L copper tubing. (b) Standard air
flowing at an average velocity of 4 m/s in a 0.3 m inside diameter duct.
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1. Introduction

Solution:
(a) Table C-2, 2 in, type L copper tube.
ID = (62.61 mm)(1 m / 1000 mm) = 0.06261 m
D = 0.06261 m
V = 2 m/s
= 1000 kg/m3.
Volume flow rate:

Q& = AV = D 2V
4

2
Q& = (0.3) (4 ) = 0.282743 m3/s.
4
Mass flow rate:
m& = Q& = (1.115 kg/m3)(0.282743 m3/s)
m& = 0.3153 kg/s
1.7 A room with dimensions of 3 x 10 x 20 m is estimated to have outdoor air brought in at an
infiltration rate of volume change per hour. Determine the infiltration rate in m3/s.
Solution:
Infiltration rate, Q& = (3 m)(10 m)(20 m)(1/4 / hr)(1 hr / 3600 s) = 0.042 m3/s
1.8 Air enters a heat exchanger at a rate of 5000 cubic feet per minute at a temperature of 50 F
and pressure of 14.7 psia. The air is heated by hot water flowing in the same exchanger at a
rate of 11,200 pounds per hour with a decrease in temperature of 10 F. At what temperature
does the air leave the heat exchanger?
Solution:
q& = m& a c pa (t a 2 t a1 ) = m& wc pw (t w1 t w 2 )

t w1 t w 2 = 10 F
c pw = 1.0 Btu/lbm-F
m& w = 11,200 lbm/hr

Air Properties
(
14.7 lb f / in 2 )(144 in 2 / ft 2 )
P
a =
=
ft lb f
RaT
53.352
(50 + 459.67 R )
lbm R

a = 0.07785 lbm/ft3.
c pa = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
m& = Q& = (0.07785 lbm/ft3)(5000 ft3/min)(60 min/hr) = 23,355 lbm/hr
a

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1. Introduction

Then
(23,355)(0.24)(ta2 50) = (11,200)(1.0)(10)
ta2= 70 F
1.9 Water flowing at a rate of 1.5 kg/s through a heat exchanger heats air from 20 C to 30 C
flowing at a rate 2.4 m3/s. The water enters at a temperature of 90 C, and the air is at 0.1
Mpa. At what temperature does the water leave the exchanger?
Solution:
q& = m& wc pw (t w1 t w 2 ) = m& a c pa (t a 2 t a1 )
c pw = 4.187 kJ/kg-C

m& w = 1.5 kg/s

ta1 = 20 C
ta2 = 30 C
Q& a = 2.4 m3/s
tw1 = 90 C
P
a =
RaT
P = 0.1 MPa = 100,000 Pa = 100,000 N/m2.
Ra = 287 J/kg.K = 287 N-m/kg-K
m& a = a Q& a = (1.189 kg/m3)(2.4 m3/s) = 2.8536 kg/s
q& = (1.5 kg/s)(4.187 kJ/kg-C)(90 C tw2) = (2.8536 kg/s)(1.0 kJ/kg-C)(30 C 20 C)
tw2 = 85.5 C

1.10

Air at a mean temperature of 50 F flows over a thin-wall 1 in. O.D. tube, 10 feet in length,
which has condensing water vapor flowing inside at a pressure of 14.7 psia. Compute the
heat transfer rate if the average heat transfer coefficient between the air and tube surface
is 10 Btu/hr-ft2-F.

Solution:
q& = hA(t w t a )
h = 10 Btu/hr-ft2-F
t a = 50 F
t w = temperature of condensing water at 14.7 psia = 212 F
A = DL = (1/12 ft)(10 ft) = 2.618 ft2.
q& = (10)(2.618)(212 50) = 4,241 Btu/hr

1.11

Repeat Problem 1-10 for air at 10 C, a tube with diameter 25 mm, a steam pressure of
101 kPa, and a tube length of 4 m, and find the heat transfer coefficient in SI units if the
heat transfer rate is 1250 W.
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1. Introduction

Solution:
q& = hA(t s t a )
q& = 1250 W
t a = 10 C
t s = steam temperature at 101 kPa = 100 C
A = DL = (0.025 m)(4 m) = 0.3142 m2.
q& = 1250 = h(0.3142)(100 10)
h = 44.2 W/m2-C
1.12

Air at 1 atm and 76 F is flowing at the rate of 5000 cfm. At what rate must energy be
removed, in Btu/hr, to change the temperature to 58 F, assuming that no dehumidification
occurs?

Solution:
q& = m& a c pa (t a1 t a 2 )
Solving for m& a :
1 atm = 2116 lbf/ft2.
2116lb f / ft 2
P
a =
=
= 0.074 lbm/ft3.
ft lb f
RaT
53.352
(76 + 459.67 R )

lb
R
m

3
&
Qa = 5000 ft /min
m& = Q& = (0.074 lbm/ft3)(5000 ft3/min)(60 min/hr) = 22,200 lbm/hr
a

c pa = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F

q& = (22,200)(0.24 )(76 58) = 95,904 Btu/hr

1.13

Air flowing at the rate of 1000 cfm and with a temperature of 80 F is mixed with 600 cfm
of air at 50 F. Use Eq. 1-1, to estimate the final temperature of the mixed air. Assume cp
= 0.24 Btu/lbm-F for both streams.

Solution:
Eq. 1-1, q& s = m& c p (t e ti ) =

Q& c p

(t

ti )

Solving for mass flow rate of air at 80 F

2116lb f / ft 2
P
a =
= 0.0735 lbm/ft3.
=
ft lb f
RaT1
53.352
(80 + 459.67 R )
lb

R
m

3
&
m& = Q = (0.0735 lbm/ft )(1000 ft3/min) = 73.5 lbm/min
1

a1

Solving for mass flow rate of air at 50 F

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1. Introduction
2116lb f / ft 2
P
a =
=
= 0.0778 lbm/ft3.
ft lb f
RaT1
53.352
(50 + 459.67 R )
lbm R

m& 2 = a 2Q& 2 = (0.0778 lbm/ft3)(600 ft3/min) = 46.68 lbm/min

m& 1c p (t1 t m ) = m& 2 c p (t m t 2 )

(73.5)(100 t ) = (46.68)(t
m

50)

t m = 80.55 F

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