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Lost: The Crisis of Jobless and Out of School Teens and Young Adults
Lost: The Crisis of Jobless and Out of School Teens and Young Adults
January 2016
Great Cities Institute
University of Illinois at Chicago
Great Cities Institute (MC 107), 412 South Peoria Street, Suite 400, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7067
Phone (312) 996-8700 Fax (312) 996-8933 greatcities.uic.edu gcities@uic.edu
Produced for
Report Authors
Report Layout
Jackson C. Morsey
Urban Planner
Great Cities Institute
Email: jmorse5@uic.edu
Executive Summary
Introduction
For several years, the Alternative Schools Network,
along with the Chicago Urban League, The Illinois
Black United Fund, The Westside Health Authority, The
Chicago Area Project, Youth Connection Charter School
and other community groups, have sponsored hearings
to bring young people of color from throughout Chicago
to share their experiences before a panel of elected and
appointed state, county, and city officials.
Two years ago, when we attended one of these hearings, we
listened intently, as young people shared their stories. Clear
in our memories is the statement of a young woman who
said, My friend would be alive today if he had had a job.
Several others made similar comments, making
connections between employment and other conditions
they are facing in their schools and neighborhoods.
Teens and young adults stated they want to work; they
value work experience, including summer employment.
The young people, through these hearings, have the
opportunity to urge policy makers to find ways to increase
employment opportunities for themselves and their peers.
Please provide jobs for us, we want to work!
A report that provides quantitative data can be a
powerful supplement to the testimonies of young people.
This report from the University of Illinois at Chicagos
Great Cities Institute (GCI) is intended to be just that.
GCI serves UICs urban mission to engage Chicago
and its surrounding region by harnessing the power of
research for solutions to todays urban challenges.
This report contains compilations and calculations of
various employment data for males and females 16
to 24 years old by race/ethnicity from 2005 to 2014,
comparing Chicago, Illinois, the U.S. and in some
instances, adding Los Angeles and New York (see
Appendix A for definitions, see Appendix B for data and
methodology information). Besides an array of figures
and tables, the report contains GIS generated maps that
illustrate the relationship between employment data and
population distribution by race/ethnicity. It is our hope
42.0%
36.7%
24.4%
25.6%
37.0%
33.8% 34.8%
33.2% 32.2%
28.8%
21.1%
27.8%
33.8%
28.8%
24.4%
25.5%
18.6%
16.2%
15.0%
12.7% 12.4%
Black
Hispanic or
White
Latino
Alone, NonHispnic or
Latino
Total
Black
White
Hispanic or
Alone, NonLatino
Hispnic or
Latino
United States
Total
Black
White
Hispanic or
Alone, NonLatino
Hispnic or
Latino
Illinois
2005
21.6%
16.4%
Total
Chicago
2014
Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 16-19 Year Olds in 2005 and 2014
Source: 2005 and 2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
64.0% 63.1%
58.7% 58.2%
43.3% 41.4%
Black
Hispanic or Latino
Total
2014
Employment to Population Ratio by Race/Ethnicity for 20 to 24 Year Olds in Chicago, 2005 and 2014
Source: 2005 and 2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
ii
38.3%
28.5%
19.7%
18.7%
16.0%
14.7%
10.8%
U.S.
Illinois
6.7%
Chicago
Hispanic or Latino
Percent of 20 to 24 Year Olds Who Were Out of School and Out of Work
in the U.S., Illinois, and Chicago in 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
59.2%
56.2%
46.1%
35.4%
32.4%
U.S.
Black, non-Hispanic or Latino
29.7% 28.8%
Illinois
Hispanic or Latino
36.6%
25.7%
Chicago
White, non-Hispanic or Latino
iii
38.9
44.1
28.3
34
52.5
37.9
32.6
44.7
33
28.3
26.4
39.3
43.6
23.3
28.9
60.7 73.7
67.8
35.3
36.9
Legend
33.4
40.7
31.9
58.2
66.7
65
44.2
60.1% - 80.0%
80.1% - 100.0%
66.6 53.2
64.1
72
61.3
0.0% - 20.0%
39.8
40.1% - 60.0%
36.1
56.4
45.2 63.3
66.1
61.5
58.7
52.5 76.7
55.4
20.1% - 40.0%
36.7
45.6
40.4
36.4
29.2
31.2
58.3
41.8
18.8
28.3
53.2
57.1
26.4
22.2
33.3
30.4
42.5
58.4
49.5
62.6
2.5
50.1
67.7
53
10
Miles
56.4
48.8 58.4
43.4
49.7
55.5
49.6
64.3
36.1
iv
Group
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
Los Angeles
16 - 19
7.6%
7.4%
9.4%
8.5%
7.8%
20 - 24
18.2%
17.1%
22.9%
21.1%
16.4%
16 - 24, All
13.7%
12.9%
17.9%
16.4%
13.1%
20.9%
28.3%
30.7%
20.3%
22.2%
Hispanic or Latino
15.1%
12.0%
13.8%
19.4%
13.3%
11.0%
8.5%
6.5%
8.2%
8.7%
Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out Of School and Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois,
Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Conclusion
Data provided in this report, dramatically confirms what
we have thought to be true: that the crisis of joblessness
for young people of color is chronic and concentrated.
The conditions in Chicago are among the worst, and
evident when compared to the U.S., Illinois, New York,
and Los Angeles.
16-19
20-24
Race
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York City
Los
Angeles
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York City
Los
Angeles
Black, non-Hispanic
10.6%
13.9%
14.3%
9.0%
8.7%
28.5%
38.3%
40.9%
27.3%
29.3%
Hispanic or Latino
9.2%
6.9%
6.8%
10.9%
8.9%
19.7%
16.0%
18.7%
24.8%
16.4%
White, non-Hispanic
6.0%
5.7%
6.0%
4.5%
4.7%
14.7%
10.8%
6.7%
10.3%
10.8%
Total
7.6%
7.4%
9.4%
8.5%
7.9%
18.2%
17.1%
22.9%
21.1%
16.4%
Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out Of School and Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois,
Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
44.2%
32.2%
17.8%
17.5%
14.4%
U.S.
Black, non-Hispanic or Latino
19.9%
11.9%
Illinois
Hispanic or Latino
10.2%
Chicago
White, non-Hispanic or Latino
Percent of 20 to 24 Year Old Males Who Were Out of School and Out of Work
in the U.S., Illinois, and Chicago in 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
vi
Table of Contents
1
Introduction
11
Out of Work
13
19
Conclusion
20
Appendix A: Definitions
21
22
24
Introduction
It is our hope and intention that this report, in combination with the voices of young people, can illustrate the
persistence and severity of conditions that have ramifications for our young people and generations to come.
Employment-Population Ratios by Gender,
2005 to 2014
When calculating the number of 16 to 19 year olds in
the U.S. that are employed compared to the total number
of 16 to 19 year olds (employment-population ratio)
(Figure 1) shows,
A report that provides quantitative data can be a powerful supplement to the testimonies of young people. This
report from the University of Illinois at Chicagos Great
Cities Institute (GCI) is intended to be just that. GCI
serves UICs urban mission to engage Chicago and its
surrounding region by harnessing the power of research
for solutions to todays urban challenges.
This report contains compilations and calculations of
various employment data for males and females 16 to 24
years old by race/ethnicity from 2005 to 2014, comparing Chicago, Illinois, the U.S. and in some instances,
adding Los Angeles and New York (see Appendix A for
definitions, see Appendix B for data and methodology
information). Besides an array of figures and tables, the
report contains GIS generated maps that illustrate the
relationship between employment data and population
distribution by race/ethnicity. The Executive Summary
contains highlights of our findings.
30.7%
30.0%
28.0%
26.0%
26.9%
25.9%
24.0%
23.9%
22.0%
20.0%
28.8%
28.0%
2005
2006
2007
2008
Male
2009
2010
Female
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total 16 - 19
75.0%
70.6%
70.0%
67.6%
65.0%
64.2%
64.6%
63.5%
62.9%
60.4%
60.0%
59.7%
58.8%
55.0%
50.0%
2005
2006
2007
2008
Male
2009
2010
Female
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total 20 - 24
Employment-Population Ratios
by Race/Ethnicity, 2005 to 2014
Figure 3 shows employment-population ratios by race/
ethnicity for 16 to 19 year olds in 2005 and 2014 comparing the U.S., Illinois, and Chicago
42.0%
36.7%
33.2%
33.8%
32.2%
34.8%
28.8%
27.8%
25.6%
24.4%
37.0%
33.8%
28.8%
24.4%
25.5%
21.6%
21.1%
18.6%
16.2%
15.0%
12.7% 12.4%
Black
Total
Black
Total
Black
16.4%
Total
Chicago
2014
Figure 3: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 16-19 Year Olds in 2005 and 2014
Source: 2005 and 2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
25.0%25.5%
24.4%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
15.0%
12.4%
12.7%
5.0%
0.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 4: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 16-19 Year Olds in Chicago, 2005-2014
Employment-Population
by Bureau.
Source: Figure
2005-20145:American
Community Survey (ACS),Ratios
U.S. Census
Race/Ethnicity for 16 to 19 year olds in Illinois, 2005-2014
50.0%
45.0%43.8%
40.0%
35.0%34.8%
33.8%
30.0%
27.8%
25.0%
20.0%
18.6%
15.0%
16.2%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 5: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 16-19 Year Olds in Illinois, 2005-2014
Figure
6: Employment-Population
Ratios
by
Race/Ethnicity
Source: 2005-2014
American Community Survey
(ACS),
U.S.
Census Bureau.
for 16 to 19 year olds in the U.S., 2005-2014
45.0%
42.0%
40.0%
35.0%
32.2%
30.0%
33.2%
25.0%24.4%
25.6%
20.0%
21.1%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 6: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 16-19 Year Olds in the U.S., 2005-2014
Source: 2005-2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
Whites (non-Hispanic or Latinos) had the highest employment-population ratios in the U.S. and
Chicago.
71.3%
67.6%
67.3% 66.6%
63.5%
64.3%
71.8% 73.3%
64.0% 63.1%
58.7% 58.2%
57.1%
54.6%
49.3%
45.2%
Black
White
Hispanic or
Alone, NonLatino
Hispnic or
Latino
United States
Total
Black
43.3%
White
Hispanic or
Alone, NonLatino
Hispnic or
Latino
Illinois
2005
Total
41.4%
Black
White
Hispanic or
Alone, NonLatino
Hispnic or
Latino
Total
Chicago
2014
Figure 7: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 20-24 Year Olds in 2005 and 2014
Source: 2005 and 2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
73.3%
65.0%64.0%
60.0%
63.1%
55.0%
50.0%
45.0%
43.3%
40.0%
41.4%
35.0%
30.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 8: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 20-24 Year Olds in Chicago, 2005-2014
Figure 2005-2014
9: Employment-Population
Ratios
by Race/Ethnicity
for
Source:
American Community Survey
(ACS),
U.S. Census Bureau.
20 to 24 year olds in Illinois, 2005-2014
75.0%
72.6%
70.0%
67.7%
65.0%
71.5%
68.4%
60.0%
55.0%
50.0%49.3%
45.0%
45.2%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 9: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 20-24 Year Olds in Illinois, 2005-2014
75.0%
71.3%
70.0%
66.6%
65.0%
60.0%
55.0%
67.3%
64.3%
57.1%
54.6%
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
2005
2006
Black
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 10: Employment-Population Ratios by Race/Ethnicity for 20-24 Year Olds in the U.S., 2005-2014
Source: 2005-2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
Among 20-24 year olds in the U.S., Illinois and Chicago, Black males have the lowest rates of employment in both 2005 and in 2014 at 39%.
43.4%
42.2%
38.6%
35.4%
35.6%35.7%
31.0%
32.2%
28.4%
25.5% 25.7%
26.0%
23.8%
22.9%
45.4%
30.6%
28.4%
28.6% 27.9%
27.2%
19.5%
17.7%
17.0%
15.4%
18.4%
38.4%
24.8% 24.0%
22.6%
17.6%
13.3%
13.1%
11.9%
11.5%
12.6%
Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
United States
Hispanic or
Latino
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
Illinois
2005
Hispanic or
Latino
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
Hispanic or
Latino
Chicago
2014
76.5%
72.8%
69.8%
68.4%
66.2%
67.2%
67.5%
61.2%
47.4%
50.8%
48.7%
50.2%
47.1%
43.8%
41.7%
65.9%
60.3%
56.5%
55.3%
50.9%
77.3%
75.6%
71.2% 72.2%
68.8%
38.7% 38.7%
Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
Hispanic or
Latino
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
United States
Illinois
2005
Hispanic or
Latino
Black
White Alone,
Non-Hiapnic or
Latino
Hispanic or
Latino
Chicago
2014
Simultaneously, for Hispanic or Latino males employment rates decreased in the U.S. (-9.3 percentage points), Illinois (-7.6 percentage points), and
Chicago (-9.7 percentage points).
Group
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
Los Angeles
16 - 19
7.6%
7.4%
9.4%
8.5%
7.8%
20 - 24
18.2%
17.1%
22.9%
21.1%
16.4%
16 - 24, All
13.7%
12.9%
17.9%
16.4%
13.1%
20.9%
28.3%
30.7%
20.3%
22.2%
Hispanic or Latino
15.1%
12.0%
13.8%
19.4%
13.3%
11.0%
8.5%
6.5%
8.2%
8.7%
Table 1: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out Of School and Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois,
Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
16-19
20-24
Race/Ethnicity
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
10.6%
13.9%
14.3%
9.0%
8.7%
28.5%
38.3%
40.9%
27.3%
29.3%
Hispanic or Latino
9.2%
6.9%
6.8%
10.9%
8.9%
19.7%
16.0%
18.7%
24.8%
16.4%
6.0%
5.7%
6.0%
4.5%
4.7%
14.7%
10.8%
6.7%
10.3%
10.8%
Total
7.6%
7.4%
9.4%
8.5%
7.9%
18.2%
17.1%
22.9%
21.1%
16.4%
Table 2: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out Of School and Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois,
Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
38.3%
28.5%
19.7%
16.0%
14.7%
U.S.
18.7%
10.8%
6.7%
Illinois
Chicago
Hispanic or Latino
Figure 15: Percent of 20 to 24 Year Olds Who Were out of School and Out of Work
in the U.S., Illinois, and Chicago in 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
16-19
20-24
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
11.8%
17.1%
21.9%
10.4%
13.6%
Hispanic or Latino
9.2%
8.2%
7.4%
10.5%
6.5%
6.2%
7.0%
Total Males
8.1%
8.6%
12.3%
Gender-Race/Ethnicity
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
32.2%
44.2%
46.6%
30.8%
30.8%
7.6%
17.8%
17.5%
19.9%
27.1%
13.6%
5.9%
6.2%
14.4%
11.9%
10.2%
10.9%
11.1%
9.2%
7.8%
18.2%
19.3%
26.4%
23.5%
14.8%
Male
U.S.
Female
9.3%
10.6%
7.9%
7.5%
2.8%
24.7%
32.1%
35.3%
24.0%
27.9%
Hispanic or Latino
9.1%
5.4%
6.2%
11.3%
10.3%
21.7%
14.5%
17.5%
22.4%
19.5%
5.5%
5.1%
5.0%
3.0%
2.9%
14.9%
9.6%
3.3%
9.8%
10.6%
Total Females
7.0%
6.1%
6.6%
7.9%
8.1%
18.3%
14.9%
19.4%
18.8%
18.1%
Table 3: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out Of School and Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois,
Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles, by Gender, Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
10
16-19
20-24
Race/Ethnicity
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
79.8%
84.1%
88.5%
87.8%
82.4%
46.1%
56.2%
59.2%
49.5%
50.5%
Hispanic or Latino
75.5%
71.0%
82.2%
86.7%
82.2%
35.4%
29.7%
36.6%
45.8%
34.6%
67.8%
66.5%
74.6%
85.4%
80.6%
32.4%
28.8%
25.7%
38.6%
39.2%
Total
71.8%
70.6%
82.9%
86.7%
81.8%
35.4%
34.2%
41.2%
44.7%
37.5%
Table 4: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois, Chicago,
New York City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Out of Work
Table 4 shows the percent of 16 to 19 year olds who were out
of work in the U.S., Illinois, Chicago, New York City, and Los
Angeles by age group and race/ethnic group in 2014.
56.2%
46.1%
35.4% 32.4%
U.S.
Black, non-Hispanic or Latino
29.7% 28.8%
Illinois
Hispanic or Latino
36.6%
25.7%
Chicago
White, non-Hispanic or Latino
11
Group
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
Los Angeles
16 19
71.8%
70.6%
82.9%
86.7%
81.8%
20 24
35.4%
34.2%
41.2%
44.7%
37.5%
16 - 24, All
50.9%
49.9%
56.7%
60.5%
54.8%
60.3%
67.7%
70.4%
64.1%
61.4%
Hispanic or Latino
52.8%
47.9%
55.4%
61.7%
54.2%
47.4%
45.2%
40.2%
55.3%
53.4%
Table 5: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois, Chicago, New York
City, and Los Angeles, by Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
16-19
20-24
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
New
York
City
Los
Angeles
88.3%
89.3%
85.1%
48.6%
57.0%
59.2%
49.0%
48.1%
73.1%
82.2%
87.9%
80.3%
32.0%
29.5%
34.6%
46.8%
30.6%
69.7%
66.9%
71.3%
88.3%
82.8%
32.2%
29.1%
32.6%
41.3%
41.5%
77.6%
83.4%
88.6%
86.3%
79.3%
43.6%
55.3%
59.1%
50.0%
52.7%
Hispanic or Latino
75.2%
68.5%
82.1%
85.4%
84.2%
39.0%
30.0%
38.7%
44.7%
38.8%
65.8%
66.0%
77.8%
82.6%
78.0%
32.6%
28.5%
19.1%
36.3%
36.8%
Gender/Race
U.S.
Illinois
Chicago
81.8%
84.7%
Hispanic or Latino
75.8%
Male
Female
Table 6: Percent of 16 - 24 Year Olds Who Were Out of Work in the U.S., Illinois, Chicago, New York
City, and Los Angeles, by Gender, Age Group and Race/Ethnic Group, 2014
Source: 2014 American Community Survey, public use files, tabulations by Great Cities Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago.
12
Gaps among out of work rates in Chicago and Illinois were highest for 20 to 24 year old black males
and females compared to 20 to 24-year old White
(non-Hispanic or Latino) males and females.
13
1.1
0.6
5.4
0.7
5.8
3.5
5.5
12.2
44
98.3 96.5
92.8
Legend
3.5
2.2
38
48.1
0.0% - 20.0%
1.5
40.1% - 60.0%
36.5
97.6
94.5
43.5
32.5 100
98.5
96.8
97.4
96.9
80.1% - 100.0%
2.5
95.5
10
Miles
72.4
100 99.3
86.8
3.5
59.7
63.3
95.4
60.1% - 80.0%
96.4
94.6
36.6
4.7
18
98.1 14.1
60.1
94.1 94.5
56.4
20.1% - 40.0%
14.1
22.4
0.9
1.9
7.9
4.2
21.8
4.8
8.6
1.5
2.2
17.8
4.3
2.4
89.6
12.9
7.6
5.2
2.1
1.1
20.9
14.6
93.9
13.7
14
42.8
59.2
73
45.8
13.1
7.4
59.3
28
23.5
37.5
58
1.4
0.7
79.6
14.2
4.2
10.4
0.0% - 20.0%
25.4
2.2
0.7
0.7
0.1
58.6
74.6
80.1% - 100.0%
2.5
1.5
0.5
0.2
2.1
3.4
0
10
Miles
1.3
0.7
10.3
7.4
0.9
29.4
0
60.1% - 80.0%
56.1
7.7
40.1% - 60.0%
0
0 1.2 27.1
10
1.6
11.2
20.1% - 40.0%
58.8
44.9
7.6
24.6 31.4
14.6
2.8
14.4
71.9
42.4
1.2
81.1
49.7
3.2
41.4
52.5
34.8
2.9
39
45.4
62
20.6
1.1
Legend
49.5
30.6
2.5
26.7
15
40.3
29.3
10.3
15
68.4
84
9.1
63.3
71.9
95.3
23.5
32.9
53.6
2.3
79.4
88.4
87.4
60.1% - 80.0%
80.1% - 100.0%
7.1 4.1
30.3
56.3
89.4
0 0.7
53.2
95.7
49.1
0.0% - 20.0%
3.5
10
2.5
7.4
3.4
1.9
2.8
2.9
1.6
0.5
0
1.5
0
0
10
Miles
23.2
0
90.7
1.7
39.7
4.7
4.4
2
2.7
1.9
3.1
40.1% - 60.0%
3.8
2.3
78.5
35.2
20.1% - 40.0%
7.3
13.1
75
Legend
7.7
6.4
4.2
51.5
19.1
53.4
1.2
55.3
17.1
21.1
54.2
55.9
36.3
20.1
25.8
2.1
58.3
Map 4: Percent of Hispanic or Latino Population Age 18 to 24 by Chicago Community Area, 2014
Source: 2009-2014 American Community Survey (ACS), U.S. Census Bureau.
16
66.8
76.4
77
76.8
72.1
81.8
87.3
78.1
78.4
75.5
85
77.4
74.4
67.2
83.7
95.6 94.2
90.6
81.3
Legend
84.4
78.3
84.7
81.6
84.6
71.5
40.1% - 60.0%
80.1% - 100.0%
2.5
84.3
91.8
90.2
94.9
89.8
95
85.4
10
Miles
82.2
63.2 95.4
94.2
80.6
91.6
83.9
94.8
60.1% - 80.0%
83
100 88 84.2
88.1 78.1
90.4
89.9 88.6
80.1
20.1% - 40.0%
47.5
87.7
86.2 74.5
82.2
80.5
0.0% - 20.0%
70.4
83.6
87.7
83.3
80.2
80.8
88.7
75.8
73.6
78.4
91.8
88.3
74.7
83.4
87.7
76.5
72.9
93.6
92
17
38.9
44.1
28.3
34
52.5
37.9
57.1
32.6
44.7
33
28.3
26.4
30.4
28.9
53.2
31.2
40.7
35.3
31.9
33.4
58.2
39.8
40.1% - 60.0%
80.1% - 100.0%
36.1
56.4
45.2 63.3
66.6 53.2
64.1
72
66.7
65
61.3
44.2
20.1% - 40.0%
36.7
66.1
52.5 76.761.5 58.7
55.4
0.0% - 20.0%
60.1% - 80.0%
29.2
45.6
40.4
36.4
18.8
23.3
58.3
Legend
26.4
28.3
67.8
36.9
42.5
22.2
33.3
60.7 73.7
41.8
39.3
43.6
58.4
49.5
62.6
2.5
50.1
10
Miles
56.4
48.8 58.4
67.7
43.4
49.7
53
55.5
49.6
64.3
36.1
Map 6 shows jobless rates for those ages 20 to 24 were highest on the South and West Sides of the city and were lowest
in on the North, Northwest and Southwest sides of the City.
18
Conclusion
19
Appendix A: Definitions
Employment
Employment is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as all
civilians 16 years old and over who either (1) were at
work, that is, those who did any work at all during the
reference week as paid employees, worked in their own
business or profession, worked on their own farm, or
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers on a family
farm or in a family business; or (2) were with a job but
not at work, that is, those who did not work during the
reference week but had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather,
industrial dispute, vacation, or other personal reasons.
Excluded from the employed are people whose only activity
consisted of work around the house or unpaid volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations;
also excluded are all institutionalized people and people on
active duty in the United States Armed Forces.
Labor Force
Labor Force is defined as all people classified in the
civilian labor force plus members of the U.S. Armed
Forces (people on active duty with the United States
Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard).
Employment-population Ratio
Employment-population Ratio is a calculation of the
proportion of the total civilian non-institutionalized
population that is employed.
Labor Force Participation Rate
Labor Force Participation Rate is a calculation of the
proportion of the total civilian non-institutionalized
population that is in the labor force.
Out of Work Rate
Out of Work Rate is a calculation of the proportion of
the total civilian non-institutionalized population that is
unemployed or not in the labor force.
20
21
38.3%
37.0%
37.2%
35.0%
38.8%
37.6%
36.4%
36.2%
2005
2006
2007
Male
2008
2009
Female
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total 16 - 19
22
82.0%
81.9%
80.0%
78.0%
78.3%
77.7%
76.4%
76.0%
74.0%
73.5%
74.1%
73.1%
73.0%
71.7%
72.0%
70.0%
75.2%
74.5%
74.3%
2005
2006
2007
2008
Male
2009
2010
Female
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
23
Appendix D: Employment-Population
Appendix D Figure 1: Employment-Population Ratios for Black 16 to
Ratio Overlays
19 Year Olds in Chicago, Illinois and the U.S., 2005-2014
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Chicago Black
Chicago White
Illinois Black
Illinois White
U.S. Black
U.S. White
24
2014
35.0%
30.0%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Chicago Black
Chicago White
Illinois Black
Illinois White
U.S. Black
U.S. White
2014
25
Great Cities Institute (MC 107), 412 South Peoria Street, Suite 400, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7067
Phone (312) 996-8700 Fax (312) 996-8933 greatcities.uic.edu gcities@uic.edu