Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Beam Theory PDF
Beam Theory PDF
Ma Va
V b Mb
Beam Theory
Beam Theory
Beam Theory
Fu
Esh
Stress
Fy
E
y
.001 to .002
sh
.01 to .03
Strain
u
.1 to .2
r
.2 to .3
Fu
Esh
Fy
Stress
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic
Assumed in Design
E
y
.001 to .002
sh
.01 to .03
Strain
u
.1 to .2
r
.2 to .3
Stress-strain law
Beam Theory
Fu
Initially we will
review behavior
in this range
Fy
Esh
Stress
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic
Assumed in Design
E
y
.001 to .002
sh
.01 to .03
Strain
u
.1 to .2
r
.2 to .3
Stress-strain law
Beam Theory
Beam Theory
P = A = 0
Fi = A
Fi = 0
M = yA
M = yiFi
yi
Centroid
Elastic
Neutral Axis,
ENA
Beam Theory
ymax
ENA
max
Elastic Behavior:
Strain related to stress by Modulus of Elasticity, E
= E
Beam Theory
10
Stress
Fy
Strain
11
Stress
Fy
Now, consider
what happens
once some of the
steel yields.
Strain
12
Increasing
Fy
Fy
Increasing
Beyond Elastic Behavior
Beam Theory
Theoretically, reached
at infinite strain.
13
A1
y
ENA
A2
yp
PNA
A1
A1
Elastic Neutral Axis = Centroid
Ay
ENA
A
i
A2/2
x
A2/2
14
A1
y
ENA
yp
PNA
A2
A2/2
x
A2/2
A1
A1
Yield Moment, My = (Ix/c)Fy = SxFy
Sx = Ix/c
c = y = distance to outer fiber
Ix = Moment of Inertia
Zx = AyA
3
bh
Ix
12
A y
15
A1
PNA
ENA
y
yp
A2
ENA
A
i
A2
Beam Theory
16
A1
PNA
ENA
y
yp
A2
A2
Sx = Ix/c
c = y = distance to outer fiber
Ix = Moment of Inertia
Zx = AyA = A iyi,
for similar material throughout
the section.
17
0.7FySx
This indicates first yield 30% earlier than My.
For 50 ksi steel this indicates an expected residual stress of
(50 * 0.3) = 15 ksi.
Beam Theory
18
Mp
My
Moment
EI
curvature,
Beam Theory
19
Mp
My
Moment
curvature,
Beam Theory
20
Beam Theory
21
Beam Theory
22
Ma Va
V b Mb
Beam Theory
23
Beam Theory
24
Beam Theory
25
Beam Theory
26
Local Buckling
Beam Theory
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Beam Theory
34
Beam Theory
Advanced analysis
assumes that
buckled sections are
not effective, but
overall section may
still have additional
strength in bending
and shear.
35
Beam Theory
36
Shear Strength
Beam Theory
37
Shear Strength
Shear limit states for beams
Shear Yielding of the web:
Failure by excessive deformation.
Shear Buckling of the web:
Slender webs (large d/tw) may
buckle prior to yielding.
Beam Theory
38
Shear Strength
Shear Stress, = (VQ)/(Ib)
= shear stress at any height on the cross section
V = total shear force on the cross section
Q = first moment about the centroidal axis of the area
between the extreme fiber and where is evaluated
I = moment of inertia of the entire cross section
b = width of the section at the location where is
evaluated
Beam Theory
39
Shear Strength
Beam Theory
40
Shear Strength
Shear stresses generally are low in the flange area
(where moment stresses are highest).
Beam Theory
41
Shear Strength
2
y
y
Yield
Yielddefined
definedby
by
Mohrs
MohrsCircle
Circle
11 yy
22 yy
112 2 y y
- y
- y
Beam Theory
42
Shear Strength
2
y
y
1 2 2 2 2
2
2
3
3
1
y
2 1
12 1 2 2 2 y 2
when 3 0
For Fy = constant for load directions
- y
max
- y
Fy
3
0.577Fy
Beam Theory
43
Shear Strength
V = 0.6FyAweb
Beam Theory
44
Shear Strength
V
C
Shear Buckle
Beam Theory
45
Shear Strength
Stiffener spacing = a
No Stiffeners
Beam Theory
46
Shear Strength
Beam Theory
47
Shear Strength
V
Tension can
still be carried
by the Web.
When the web is slender, it is more susceptible to web shear buckling. However,
there is additional shear strength beyond when the web buckles.
Web shear buckling is therefore not the final limit state.
The strength of a truss mechanism controls shear strength called Tension Field
Action.
Beam Theory
48
Shear Strength
V
Tension can
still be carried
by the Web.
Compression can
be carried by the
stiffeners.
When the web is slender, it is more susceptible to web shear buckling. However,
there is additional shear strength beyond when the web buckles.
Web shear buckling is therefore not the final limit state.
The strength of a truss mechanism controls shear strength called Tension Field
Action.
Beam Theory
49
Shear Strength
V
Tension can
still be carried
by the Web
Compression can
be carried by the
stiffeners
For Tension Field Action to be effective the truss forces must be resisted at
each node point.
Therefore , end panels are not effective, nor are widely spaced stiffeners, nor
panels that are not well restrained around their perimeter.
Beam Theory
50
Beam Deflections
Beam Theory
51
Beam Deflections
Elastic behavior (service loads).
Limits set by project specifications.
Beam Theory
52
Beam Deflections
Typical limitation based on
Service Live Load Deflection
Typical criteria:
Max. Deflection, d = L/240, L/360, L/500, or L/1000
L = Span Length
Beam Theory
53
Beam Theory
54
Beam Theory
55
Beam Theory
56
Results in deflection in floor under Dead Load.
This can affect thickness of slab and fit of non-structural components.
Beam Theory
57
Results in deflection in floor under Dead Load.
This can affect thickness of slab and fit of non-structural components.
Beam Theory
58
Results in deflection in floor under Dead Load.
This can affect thickness of slab and fit of non-structural components.
Beam Theory
59
Beam Vibrations
Beam Theory
60
Beam Theory
61