Chapter 3 Migration: Key Issue 3 Notes 2 Major Obstacles 4. Gaining permission to enter @ new country in the first place 2) Hostile attitudes of citizens once they have entered the new Country sigration Policies of Host Countries Jd immigrate to the A U.S, Quota laws: 1. Quota maximum limits on the number of people who cou! United States from each country during a 1-year period 2. Established by Quota Act of 1921 and National Origins Act in 1924 3. Based ona 1910 census, for each country that had native-born persons already living in the United States, 2% of their number could immigrate €acn year Immigration Act of 1965 changed individual quotas in favor of hemisphere laced with a global quota of 230,000, quotas 5. 1978, hemisphere quotas were rep! including @ maximum of 20,000 per country 1ax from one country, 6. Current policy: global quota of 620,000 with 7% m: i includes numerous qualification and expectations that can alter the limit ‘sponsored immigrants are allowed 480,000 applicants plus 7. Currently fai 140,000 employment-related immigrants 8. Quotas do not apply to refugees 9. Asians have perfected the process: enter under the preference for skilled workers, then use family-reunification provisions to bring their relatives. then use chain migration to bring a wider range of other relatives B. Brain Drain= a large-scale emigration by talented people C. Temporary Migration for Work 4. Guest workers= citizens of poor countries who obtain jobs in Western Europe and the Middle East Mainly located in Western Europe and the Middle East a. b. Are protected by minimum-wage laws and labor union contracts. c. Serve a useful purpose: they take low-status and low-skilled jobs that local residents won't accept Lower pay compared to Europeans but still higher than in their home country This is good because by letting their people work somewhere else, poorer countries reduce their own unemployment problems Patterns for quest workers: many Turks go to Northern Europe and many Africans go to Europe©. Tmo-conach Won county fr tad pig to perform 26 Foor contract is up, many settle permanent the 2. Indians went as time-contract workers to Burrs teastem and souther Africa, and the islands Sopanese and Filipinos wen to Hawai, and Japs ‘Ghenese worked on the U.S. West Coast and hel span the United States, completed in 1869 stil enter illegally and work for less PY ‘hing Between Economic Migrants and RefGee ine 4. Migrants seeking economic opportunity VS- Fae fleeing wn of an undemocratic government a Persea ot epacal pony im agmesion,especaly tne United States, Canada and Wester Europe F. Emigrants from Cuba 4. They have been regarded emigrants from Cub {099 revolution that brought the Communist government power 2. Wave 1 of refugees: in the years it 3. Wave 2 of refugees: “Mariel boatlift’; denied to permit political prisoners, crit country G. Emigrants from Haiti 4. The rise of dictators to power, at Haiti arguing that if the Cubans sho to made the U.S. finally accept Haitians as refugees for a time 2. The policy was changed when the U.S. State Department decided that most left Haiti for economic rather than political reasons 3. They are now viewed as those seeking economic opportunity H. Emigrants from Vietnam 4. At the end of the Vietnam War, 1975, those Vietnamese people closely associated with the U.S. evacuated; many others were unable to leave with the U.S. troops; in the late 1980's the second surge of boat people set aim for Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand, with smaller numbers sailing to Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore; these nations responded by not accepting them as refugees and pushing them away into detention camps; in 1996 these camps were closed and the remaining people were sent back to Vietnam nese also went to Brazil iped build the first railroad to a as political refugees since the of Fidel Castro to immediately following the revolution 41980, when Fidel Castro suddenly iminals and mental patients to leave the ind the lawsuit brought against the U.S. from yuld were admitted, the Haitians should beCultural Problems Living in Other Countries What are these probi lems? (1) Citizens of th 5 cultural differences (2) Poliiions explo} imei ae ae ane oe problems. migrants as scapegoats for local economic A. US. Attitudes Toward Immigrants 1. historically, suspicion hes been tempered wih acceptance because igrants helped to settle the frontier and extend U.S. control across the continent 2 Attitudes changed when the majority of immigrants ceased to come from Northem and Western Europe \s, Russians, Poles and 3. Prejudice against 7 groups- German, Irish, ltalians as racially other Souther and Eastern Europeans; They were referred to inferior in early 1900's 4. Recently, in Western U.S., there was legislation to deny public services to undocumented immigrants B. Attitudes Toward Guest Workers 4. Many suffer from poor social conditions 2. eclation because ofthe distance between family and worker, unfamiliarity with the host country's language and cultural activities 3, Political parties in Germany and France support restrictions on immigration 4, Physical attacks have increased 5. In Middle East, fears exist that the increasing numbers of guest workers will spark political unrest and abandonment of traditional Islamic customs, 6. Some countries have paid the workers to return home but home countries sometimes refuse to take them back 7. Fiji's problems: there is a slightly higher number Indians than native Fijians, rioting broke out between the two groups