Law of the Sea, branch of international law concerned with public order at sea.

Much of this law

is codified in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed Dec. 10, 1982. The
convention, described as a constitution for the oceans, represents an attempt to codify
international law regarding territorial waters, sea-lanes, and ocean resources. It came into force
in 1994 after it had been ratified by the requisite 60 countries; by the early 21st century the
convention had been ratified by more than 150 countries.
According to the 1982 convention, each countrys sovereign territorial waters extend to a
maximum of ... (100 of 1,064 words)

International law
Created in 1945, the United Nations is responsible for much of the current framework of
international law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations
between states and nations.[1][2] It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized
international relations.[3] International law differs from national legal systems in that it primarily
concerns nations rather than private citizens. National law may become international law when
treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of
Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may
require national law to conform.
International law is consent-based governance. This means that a state member of the
international community is not obliged to abide by international law unless it has expressly
consented to a particular course of conduct.[4] This is an issue of state sovereignty.
The term "international law" can refer to three distinct legal disciplines:
Land law

Land law is the form of law that deals with the rights to use, alienate, or exclude others from
land. In many jurisdictions, these species of property are referred to as real estate or real
property, as distinct from personal property. Land use agreements, including renting, are an
important intersection of property and contract law. Encumbrance on the land rights of one, such
as an easement, may constitute the land rights of another. Mineral rights and water rights are
closely linked, and often interrelated concepts. Land rights are such a basic form of law that they
develop even where there is no state to enforce them; for example, the claim clubs of the
American West were institutions that arose organically to enforce the system of rules appurtenant
to mining. Squatting, the occupation of land without ownership, is a globally ubiquitous and
important form of land use.

Sovereignty, in common law jurisdictions, is often referred to as absolute title, radical title, or
allodial title. Nearly all of these jurisdictions have a system of land registration, to record fee
simple interests, and a land claim process to resolve disputes.
Indigenous land rights are recognized by international law, as well as the national legal systems
of common law and civil law countries. In common law jurisdictions, the land rights of
indigenous peoples are referred to as aboriginal title. In customary law jurisdictions, customary
land is the predominant form of land ownership.
A land value tax is a component of tax law in nearly all jurisdictions. Land reform refers to
government policies that take and/or redistribute land, such as a land grant.
Land rights refer to the inalienable ability of individuals to obtain, utilise, and possess land at
their discretion, as long as their activities on the land do not impede on other individuals rights.
[1]
This is not to be confused with access to land, which allows individuals the use of land in an
economic sense (i.e. farming). Instead, land rights address the ownership of land which provides
security and increases human capabilities. When a person only has access to land, they are in
constant threat of expulsion depending on the choices of the land owner, which limits financial
stability.[2]
Land rights are an integral part of Land Laws, as they socially enforce groups of individuals
rights to own land in concurrence with the land laws of a nation. Land Law addresses the legal
mandates set forth by a country in regards to land ownership, while land rights refer to the social
acceptance of land ownership. Landesa takes the stance that although the law may advocate for
equal access to land, land rights in certain countries and cultures may hinder a groups right to
actually own land.[3] Laws are important, but they must be backed up by cultural tradition and
social acceptance. Therefore, laws concerning land ownership and land rights of a country must
be in agreement.
Globally, there has been an increased focus on land rights, as they are so pertinent to various
aspects of development. According to Wickeri and Kalhan, land ownership can be a critical
source of capital, financial security, food, water, shelter, and resources.[4] The UN Global Land
Tool organisation has found that rural landlessness is a strong predictor of poverty and hunger,[5]
and negatively impacts Empowerment and the realisation of Human rights.[6] In order to home in
on this critical problem of inadequate land rights, The Millennium Development Goal 7D strives
to improve the lives of 100 million slum dwellers.[7] This includes increased land rights for
impoverished people, which will ultimately lead to a higher quality of life.[8]
Although land rights are fundamental in achieving higher standards of living, certain groups of
individuals are consistently left out of land ownership provisions. The law may provide access to
land, however, cultural barriers and poverty traps limit minority groups ability to own land.[9] In

order to reach equality, these groups must obtain adequate land rights that are both socially and
legally recognised.

International Law of Water Resources

Effectively managing increasingly scarce transboundary water resources in many parts of the
world may become one of the most critical challenges facing the international community in the
21st century.

Global warming is expected to exacerbate the existing problems of water scarcity in Africa, the
Middle East and Central Asia, and threatens to affect even relatively water-secure regions and
countries. Global freshwater resources are shrinking at an increasing pace. Forty percent of the
world's population depends on transboundary water resources, a situation that raises serious
concerns at the international level.

Unresolved issues of water resource use and allocation may create the potential for serious
interstate conflicts and undermine regional stability. It is imperative that existing and potential
disputes over access to shared water resources are resolved through peaceful means within the
framework of legal principles and norms provided by international law. While not yet in force,
the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International
Watercourses codifies a number of rules of customary law that apply to international
watercourses. However, even in the absence of a universally ratified instrument there is a body of
international rules widely acknowledged as an authoritative statement of international law
governing international watercourses - the International Law Association (ILA) rules on the law
of international water resources.

Land and Aquatic Ecosystems

In this unit, students will begin to make connections between the biotic and abiotic parts of the
environment. The different critical factors that define the biodiversity within each type of biome,
or land ecosystem will be explored. Differentions will be made between tropical, temperate, and
polar. The students will also spend time learning about the different types of aquatic ecosystems,
both freshwater and marine.

Velasquez, Geraldine M.
BEED II-2
I.

Objective:
After this lesson the students are now able to:

II.

Know what is International Environmental Law.

The importance of international Environmental Law.

The Value of Aquatic system.

The value of Land and other land forms

Value: To treasure our nature and to take care our natural resources
III.

Learning Content

IV.

Definition of International laws

International laws on land
International laws on aquatic resources

References
http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=4zCVHVbqIQC&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=aquatic+international+laws&sourc
e=bl&ots=w5GmhkQMm1&sig=IsGXT9d0mD_I6A0Z2rbfDHVk6A&hl=fil&sa=X&ei=a8yUbGDFYLSrQeZ7IGgBg&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=aquatic
%20international%20laws&f=false
http://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?
action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid

V.

Materials: Visual Aids

VI. Learning Experiences:

Review: Philippine Laws on Preservation of the Forest

Preparatory Activities:
Drill
a. The teacher will ask the students how humans abuse our nature the land and seas
b. The teacher will ask the students how restore our natural resources
c. The teacher will ask the students how develop our natural resources.

International law

International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations
between states and nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized
international relations. International law differs from national legal systems in that it primarily
concerns nations rather than private citizens.
International law is consent-based governance. This means that a state member of the
international community is not obliged to abide by international law unless it has expressly
consented to a particular course of conduct. This is an issue of state sovereignty.
The term "international law" can refer to three distinct legal disciplines.

Land law (Forest)

Deforestation is one of the world's most important environmental problems. The
endangered forests are both ecosystems within a global biosphere and regions of
human use and enjoyment. Airborne pollutants such as acid rain threaten the very
survival of forests throughout much of Europe, the eastern United States and
Canada. Urban encroachment, over-exploitation and conversion into timber stands
also threaten temperate forest ecosystems.
Although international attention has focused on the need to protect tropical forests,
drylands and other ecosystems, no international agreement protects northern
temperate forests. By failing to recognize environmental costs and non-timber forest
values, market mechanisms hasten rather than slow deforestation. Thus, forest
protection requires regulatory policies and alternative methods of assessing forest
values.
Deforestation
Trees are one of the most important aspects of the planet we live in. Trees are vitally important to the
environment, animals, and of course for us humans. They are important for the climate of the Earth, as

they act as filters of carbon dioxide. Forests are known as habitats and shelters to millions of species.
However, the trees on our planet are being depleted at a very fast rate. According to some estimates, more
than 50 percent of the tree cover has disappeared due to human activity. This removal of forest or trees
from a land and converting it for nonforest use is called deforestation.
International Law of Water Resources

Effectively managing increasingly scarce transboundary water resources in many parts of the
world may become one of the most critical challenges facing the international community in the
21st century.

Global warming is expected to exacerbate the existing problems of water scarcity in Africa, the
Middle East and Central Asia, and threatens to affect even relatively water-secure regions and
countries. Global freshwater resources are shrinking at an increasing pace. Forty percent of the
world's population depends on transboundary water resources, a situation that raises serious
concerns at the international level.

What is dynamite fishing

Lots of people in our country are engaged in many illegal activities just to earn money.One of this illegal
activities is the use of dynamites in catching fish.Some people who do this kind of activity are the ones
living near the sea.
Dynamite fishing is one of the methods of catching fish.This is an activity using an explosive device that
kills many fishes and other creatures under the sea.This is also an illegal practice that is mostly done by
people who believe that this is the best way of catching fish. dynamite fishing is done not only in the
Philippines but in other parts of the world as well.

Motivation

The teacher will ask the students to plant vegetable and trees in their own backyards.

Developmental Activities:
Generalization
Justify why they implemented the International Environmental Law.
Assignment: What are the illegal means of humans that destroy our ecosystem and how to prevent it.