02.

Komponen Penyusun: Biolith

Petrologi Batuan Karbonat

Kerangka Materi
Komponen batuan karbonat: biolith
Pengertian biolith/organic framework
Tipe dan Klasifikasi
Aplikasi
Contoh kenampakan

Komponen batuan karbonat:

biolith

Komponen Batuan Karbonat

Bioliths:
Frame Builders
Frame Binders
Frame Bafflers

Grains:
Skeletal Grains and
Non Skeletal Grains.
Matrix: Micrite and Limemuds

Macro-crystalline compones:
Cements and
Neomorphics

Pengertian biolith/organic
framework

 Biasanya membentuk kerangka seperti : koral, bryozoa,

ganggang, dan sebagainya.
Berdasarkan Klasifikasi:
Dunham boundstone

Embry & Klovan framestone, bindstone, baflestone,

rudstone, floatstone.

Klasifikasi Dunham (1962)

Klasifikasi Embry & Klovan (1971)

Tipe dan Klasifikasi

Organic Framework:
Boundstone - biolith
Organic framework can be constructed by:
FRAME BUILDERS
formed entirely of skeletal frames secreted by organism

SEDIMENT BINDERS
formed by carbonate grains and fragments bound by
organically secreted carbonate encrustations (red algae
etc)

SEDIMENT BAFFLERS:
formed by sparse frame-builders (corals) and carbonate
sediments trapped in between

Frame builders and Non Frame builders

FRAMEBUILDERS

NON-FRAMEBUILDERS

Sediment Binders

Sediment Bafflers

Massive & Tabular

Stromatoporoids

Blue-green Algae

Fenestrate Bryozoan

Massive Tabulate Corals

Encrusting Red
Algae

Phylloid Algae

Hexacorals

Tubular Forams

Dendroid
Stromatoporoids

Hydrozoans

Tubiphytes

Dendroid Corals

Rudists

Encrusting Bryozoan Branching Red Algae

Calcareous Sponge

Branching Bryozoan

Richtofenid Brachiopods

Segmented Green Algae

Tetra-corals

(Asquith, 1979)

Crinoids

MAIN FRAMEWORK COMPONENTS

MACAM MAIN FRAME-BUILDING ORGANISM:
Madrepora Corals:
Porites

Meandrina
Acropora
Siderastrea

Coral classification based on external shape.

Massive head corals
Branching corals
Platy corals

Framework Sedimentation

Kerangka pertumbuhan berupa:

1.Massive skeletal frame:
Hemispherical

Domal
Irregular
2.Columnar, globural, bulbous

3.Branching skeletal frames:

Delicate branching
Robust dendroid branching

4.Platy skeletal frames

Thin platy delicate
tabular

Coral Species and Growth Forms

Berbagai tipe karang batu
diperkirakan terdapat Iebih dari 350 jenis
karang batu yang hidup di
Indonesia. Yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia
dengan konsentrasi penyebaran
yang lebih banyak di daerah Indonesia
bagiari timur, yaitu SuIawesi Maluku dan
Nusa Tenggara. Keindahan dan keunikan dari
karang batu terlihat dari
beragamnya bentuk pentumbuhan koloni,
yaitu:

Bentuk percabangan yang banyak

didominasi oleh genus Acropora.
Bentuk yang menyerupai lembaran daun
misalnya dari genus Montipora.
Bentuk massive dan bulat misalnya famili
Favidae.
Bentuk soliter yang menyerupai jamur.
sehingga disebut karang jamur dari
genus Fungia.

Growth forms and Energy of Reef Building Corals

Zonasi berdasarkan biolith

Types of Coral Growth Fabric

Classification of
Reefs based on
coral growth
fabric

Descriptive classification of coral growth

fabric

Expanded
textural
classification of
reefal
carbonates

Reefs Classifications by Riding (1977)

and Tsien (1981)

EMBRY & KLOVAN CLASSIFICATION (1971)

Sketch of the four stages of reef development that can be

generated by ecological succession ( After Walker , 1992 )

Aplikasi

Growth forms and Energy of Reef Building Corals

GROWTH STRATEGIES OF REEFS DURING RISING OF SEA LEVEL

Zonasi dari Marginal Reef

Contoh Kenampakan

Head Coral

KENAMPAKAN SAYATAN TIPIS

Head corals

Original septa of coral

SLAB VIEW

Branching Coral

Platy Coral

OUTCROP VIEW

Branching Coral

Platy Coral

KENAMPAKAN SLAB

Platy Coral

Branching Coral

Head Coral

SLAB VIEW

Branching Coral

Platy Coral

OURCROP VIEW

Branching Coral

Platy coral

 Bryozoa

THIN-SECTION VIEW

 Rudits (lamellibranchis)

Rudistid bioherm

 Algae
(ganggang)
Halimeda

Lithothamnium
Lain-lain
(Penicillus,
Acialaria)

Red Algae (kenampakan slab)

Red algae (kenampakan sayatan tipis)

Photomicrograph of encrusting algae in reef framework

 Stromatolite

Algal stromatolite

KENAMPAKAN SAYATAN TIPIS

Kerangka Pergerakan (Encrusting):

1. Columnar Stromatolite Encrustation
2. Delicate Kinky (stromatolite) encrustation

3. Binding laminated

Klasifikasi berdasarkan asosiasi kerangka organik (Embrie & Klovan, 1972)

KENAMPAKAN SLAB

Baflestone

Bindstone

Framestone

Floatstone

Rudstone

Terima Kasih...
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