O

a . b c a .b a . c

a 2 b2

a .b a . b .cos

a b .c a .c b .c

ax1 by1 c

~
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:
:

AB

A
B

:

_

_
:

AB BA

a 0 a 0

AB

BC

AB BC AC

AB BC AC
C
A

Page 1

 + ICT

_
AB AC AD

:
AB

AC A

AB

(1)

ab b a

(2)

a b c

(1)

a 0 0 a a

a (b c )

PQOQOP

m
a

ma

( 1 ) m 0

( 3 )

m a

ma

mo

ma

( 2 ) m 0

AC ( AD )

a ( a ) 0

(2)

a bc

ma

m a

a 0

0
m a

Page 2

 + ICT

a b

(1)

(2)

(mn) a m (n a )

m n a

(3) m a b

ma na

m a mb

a a12 a 2 2

a a1 i a2 j
a (a1 , a2 )

a a1 , a2 a1 x x , a2 y y

1 a1 , a2 b1 , b2 a1 b1 , a2 b2
2 a1 , a2 b1 , b2 a1 b1 , a2 b2

3 m a1 , a2 ma1 , ma2

a .b a b cos

a 0

b 0

a .b 0

a b

a .b 0

a b

cos 0

Page 3

 + ICT

a ( a1 , a2 )

b b1 , b2

a b

a1b1 a2 b2 0

a .b

cos

a.b

a .b a1b1 a2 b2

a1b1 a2 b2

a a2 2
2
1

1 a . b c a.b a.c

b1 , b2

b12 b2 2

a , b c

a1 , a2

2 a b .c a.c b.c

3 ma .b m a . b
4 a . mb m a . b

Page 4

 + ICT

1.

u v

. 7 u 2v 4 2u 3v

6u 5v 4u 2v

2.
k l

c 8 , 17

c ka lb a 2,3 , b 1, 4

3. :

4a 3b . 4a 3b

. a b a b
2

4.

16 a 9 b
2

4a .b

a 3 , b 4 , a .b

a b a .b 2

5.

4xa b

6.
7.

a 2,1
xa 3b

a b

b 1, 2

a b a b

O
l l

B

A l

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Page 5

 + ICT

1.

u
O

v
.

6u 5v 4u v2 v

2u 3v

6u 5v 4u 2 v = 6u 4u 5v 2v

6u 5v 4u 2 v = 2u 3v

4 2u 3v
7 u 2v 4 2u 3v = 7u 14v 8u 12v
= 7u 8u 14v 12v
. 7 u 2v

= u

7 u 2v 4 2u 3v = u 26v

2 .

k
a

26v

l c ka lb

2,3 , b 1 , 4

8 , 17

ka lb k 2,3 l 1, 4

2k ,3k l , 4l
= 2k l , 3k 4l
8, 17 2k l ;3k 4l
=

8 2k l 1

17 3k 4l 2

1 :

l 8 2k

l 8 2k

: 17 3k 4 8 2k

Page 6

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17 3k 32 8k
0 15 5k

k 3 1

k 3

15
3
5
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k

l 2

3 .

4a 3b . 4a 3b 16 a 9 b
4a 3b . 4a 3b 4a 4a 3b 3b 4a 3b
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2

16 a 12ab 12ab 3 b
2

16 a 9 b :

4a 3b . 4a 3b 16 a

9 b

a b a b 4a.b
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a a b b a b a a b b a b

ab ab ab ab ab ab

a a.b b.a b a 2 a.b b.a b 2

2

a a.b b.a b a a.b ba b

2

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4a.b

4 .

a b a b 4ab

a b

Page 7

 + ICT

. a 3 , b 4 , ab 6

cos

6
1

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60

60

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cos

ab
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1
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2
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cos

45

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4xa b

a 2,1 , b 1, 2

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4 xa . xa 3b b. xa 3b 0
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2

4 x 2 . a 12a.b xa.b 3 b 2 0
2

4 x 2 . a 11xa.b 3 b
2

22 12 4 1 5

a.b 2,1 . 1, 2 2. 1 1.2 2 2 0

12 22

1 4 5

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2

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2

4 x2 3 o

Page 8

 + ICT

3
4

3
3

4
2

3
2

6 .

a b

0 a b a b

a b

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a b

ab

a b . a b a b . a b
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2

a 2a.b b a 2a.b 0
4a.b 0 ( a b 0 )
2

a .b o

7.

ab

a .b 0

ab

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Page 9

 + ICT

OA.i

i .OB (

i 1

OA.i OB

i l l
O B l

OA.i OB.i OA.i i . OB

OA.i i .OB

OB OB

OA.i OB

Page 10

 + ICT

2.1

AB

p P p

a b

A B

AB b a

c
C AB

m : n : c

mb ma
mn

AB

ab
2

Page 11

 + ICT

_
C

m : n
my2 ny1
, y
mn

mx2 nx1
mn

u0

AB A x1 , y1 B x2 , y2

P0 p 0

p p 0 tu 1

p p 0 tu

x x0 ta
t
y y0 ta

u a , b

, yo

x x0
a
b

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x0

p0 xo , y0

y y0

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L : p a t (b a)

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n
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_
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p x , y , P0 x0 , y0 , n a , b

L : a x x0 b y y0 0

Page 12

 + ICT

n a , b

P x1 , y1 L : ax by c o d

p x , y c

x0 , y0

x x0 y y0 r
2

_
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ax1 by1 c

C c r CP r

a 2 b2
p xc r

C x0 , y0

r x 2 y 2 r 2

Page 13

 + ICT

1. a

A B

.
AB 3:2

.
AB 1:2
2.

A B

p ,q

R :

P,Q

p 2a 2b , q 6a 6b , r 6a
.
.

3. a

PQ PR a

P , Q R

A B

b
O

AOB
.

a b 1

a 2 , b 3

4. L1

1,1

u 1, 2

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1,5

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.
L1 L2

5.
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. AC

BD 2 AD

. AD

AC AB

L2

s t

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6. 3x 4 y 5 0
:
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. 8,1

7.

5,3

. 0, 0

5,3

x 2 y 6

x 2 y 6

Page 14

 + ICT

8.
LMN PQR

Page 15

 + ICT

1.

.
AB 3:2

A B

mb na
m 3 , n 2
mn

mb na 3b 2a 3b 2a

mn
32
5

3b 2a
5

.
AB 1:2

A B

mb na
m 1 , n 2
mn

mb na b 2a

2a b
m n
1 2

2a b

A B

A B

AB

ab
2

ab
2
2. PQ PR a b

A B

P , Q R

p 2a 2b , q 6a 6b r 6a a b

PQ 6a 6b AB 2a 2b

6a 2a 6b 2b
8a 4b
4 2 a b
PR 6a 2a 2b

Page 16

 + ICT

6a 2a 2b
4a 2b
2 2a b

PR 2 2a b

PQ 4 2a b

P , Q

PQ 4 2a b

PQ 2PR

PQ

PR

PR 2 2a b

P , Q R

3.
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. a b 1

0,0

a , b

P P0 tu t
x x0 ta

y y tb
x ta

y tb

a b a b 1

P t a b

. a 2, b 3

P0 0, 0

x at
P
t
y bt

u a , b

Page 17

 + ICT

1
x at

y 1 bt

1
1
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3
2
4. . L1 L2 s

x x0 at
y y0 bt

L1

1,1

u 1, 2

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1,5

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L1 :

y 1 2 s
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x 1 s
L1 :
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x 1 3t
L2 :
y 5 4t

.
L1 L2

x 1 s

x 1 3t
, L2 :
y 5 4t
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L1 :

1 s 1 3t 1
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s 2 2t 2
1

: 3t 2 2t
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t
t

2
5

2
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1 : s 3
5
5 5

Page 18

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6
2

t L1 L2
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5
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x 1 s 1

5 5

y 1 2s 1 2 6 17

5 5

L1

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,
5 5

L2

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.

AC BD 2 AD

AC BD AB Bc AD AB

BC AD

BC / / AD

AD AD 2 AD
ABCD
.

AD AC AB

AB AD . AD CD 0

AD AC AB 1

AB AD . AD CD 0 2
1 AC AD AB

AB AD . AD CD 0
BA AD . AD DC 0
BD . AC 0
DB . AC 0

DB . AD AB 0
DB . AD DB . AB 0
0 00
(

DB AD , DB AB )
Page 19

 + ICT

ABCD

6. 3x 4 y 5 0
:
.

2,1

ax1 by1 c
a 2 b2

a 3 , b 4 , c 5, x1 2 , y1 1

3 2 4 1 5
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645
9 16

15 15
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25 5

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8,1

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25

15
5

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0 , 0

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2

5
1
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5
5
5

( )

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2
2
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5,3

, y0 r

x 2y 6

rd 5
Page 20

 + ICT

x 5 y 3

x 5 y 3
2

x 5 y 3
2

8 . LMN PQR

: L Q

LL '/ / LQ (

+ M

MM '/ / MR

Q )

+ N

L , L '

M , M ' R )

N , N ' P )

R NN '/ / NP
AB , N
BC , Q
EF L

FA

AB / / LM

LM
M '

CD / / LM
NM
L '

EF / / ML
MN
N '
LMN L ' , M ' N '

MN , LM ,
ABC L ' M ' N '

ML

: LL ' MM ' NN ' 0

LN NL ' ML LM ' NL ' LN '

Page 21

 + ICT

LN LM NL ' ML LM ' LN '

NM
LN LM
ML

2
2
2
1
LM
LN NM LM
2
2
1
1
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2
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Page 22

 + ICT

1.

P Q

A 3, 4 B 2, 1 O :
.

2 .

OA 2a , OB 3b

A , B
.

OD 6b 4a

a 3 , b 2

a b 1

a .b

4 .

OP 1, 1

OQ 1 3 , 1 3

OP

a b . a 2b

OQ

OPQ

5 .

6 .

, OC 6a 6b

AB OD

3 .
.

1
AB
2

. AQ

PO AB

3x y 1 0

x 3y 2 0

p . q p . q

: p a , b

q x, y : ax by a 2 b 2 x 2 y 2
2

7 .

v 2, 5

t 0

A 6, 2
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. P

8 .

0, 2

AB
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BD
2:1 F
.

1: 3

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.
C , E

9 . ABC
A a

C c P p
Q q

AC R r

, B b

AB 1:2

BC 2 : 1 q

3
1

p r
4
4

Page 23

 + ICT

P, Q

10 .

s
a b

s 2 a

a a1, a2

b a.b
2

b b1, b2

11 . a 0 , b 2 a

12 . O

A a

s a1 b2 a2 b1

a b

5a 2b

B b

C ABC

c ma nb , m 0 n 0 , m n 1

13 . ABDE ACFG M

EG MA BC

Page 24

 + ICT

1.
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P Q :

PO AB

P x1, y1

. AQ

A 3, 4 ; B 2, 1

PO 0 x1, 0 y1 x1 , y1
AB 2 3 , 1 4 5, 5
PO AB

x1 5
x 5
1

y1 5 y1 5

P 5, 5

1
AB
2

Q x2 , y2

AQ x2 3 ; y2 4 x2 3; y2 4

AB 5, 5

. AQ

Q (

1
AB
2

x2 3 2 5

y 4 1 5
2
2
5
1

2
2

5
y 4 3
2
2
2

1
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,
)
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OA 2a , OB 3b , OC 6a 6b
O 0, 0

A 2a ; B 3b ; C 6a 6b

AB 3b 2a ; AC 6a 6b 2a

4a 6b

2 3b 2a

Page 25

 + ICT

AB

1
AC
2

AB

AC

A , B C
.

AB / /OD

OD 6b 4a

AB 3b 2a

3. .

OD 2 AB

OD

AB

AB / /OD

a .b

3 ; b 2 a b 1 a 2 b 2 a b 2ab
2

3 3 ;
2

b 22 4

a b 12 1

3 4 1 2a .b

2a .b 1 7
6
a .b 3
2

a. b 3

a b . a 2b
a b . a 2b a . a 2b b . a 2b
2

a 2a . b b . a 2 b
a 2a . b a . b 2 b
2

a a .b 2 b
a

3 ; b 4 a .b 3
2

a b . a 2b 3 3 2 4 8

a b . a 2b 8

4 . .

OP 1, 1

cos

OP

OQ

OQ 1 3 , 1 3

OP . OQ
OP . OQ

Page 26

 + ICT

OP

12 12 2

1 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3
OP .OQ 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 2
2

OQ

82 2

2
1

22 2 2

cos

60

60

. OPQ
S OPQ

1
OP OQ sin
2

OP OP 2 ; OQ OQ 2 2 ; sin

3
2

1
3
SOPQ 2 2 2
3
2
2
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5 .

3x y 10
u1

3 x y 1 0 x 3 y 2 0

x 3y 2 0

u2 1,

3, 1

u1

3, 1

3x y 10

3 1
1 3
2

u2

cos

u1 . u2

u1

cos

3x y 10

u2

x 3y 2 0

x 3y 2 0

3 , 1

u1 . u2
u1 . u2

3 , 1 . 1, 3 3 1 1 3 2 3

3 1 4 2

1 3 2

2 3
3

2 2
2

30

30
Page 27

 + ICT

6 .

p a , b

ax by

p .q p . q

p .q p . q

p.q

a 2 b2 .

ax by

7 . .

p . q a , b . x , y ax by

q x, y ; p

a 2 b2 x 2 y 2

x2 y 2

p . q ax by
2

b2 . x 2 y 2

a 2 b2 x 2 y 2

h a t p
6, 2 t 2, 5
6, 2 2t , 5t
6 2t , 2 5t

h 6 2t , 2 5t

h 6 2t , 2 5t

h 6 2t 2 5t
2

0
P h 2

6 2t 2 5t 0
2

29t 2 64t 52 0
32 484
29 t
0
29 29
32
t
29
t 1,1

8 . .

CE

CF

2b a
, BA a , BC b
3

CE

a 3b
a 3b
, CF
3
4
Page 28

 + ICT

c , E

a 3b
CE

3
:
CF a 3b

4
1 CE

CF
2

4CF 3CE

CE

1
2
4
3

CF

C , E

9 . q

3
1
p r
4
4

AC

ab
2
r 2c b

b 2a
3
3
1

p r
4
4
3 b 2a 1

2c b
4 3 4
p

1
b 2 a 2c b
4
1
ac
2 a 2c
q
4
2

Page 29

 + ICT

3
1
p r
4
4

P , Q
PR
P , Q
10.

R
2
PQ
3

PR

PQ

S 2 a . b a .b

S a . b .sin

sin

S a . b . 1 cos
2

1 cos 2
2

a . b a . b cos 2

a . b a . b .cos 2

a .b

a . b .cos 2

S a . b a .b
S a . b a .b
S

a . b a .b

+ S a1 . b2 a2 . b1
S det( a , b)

a1

a2

b1

b2

S a1 .b2 a2 .b1

11.

a b

5a 2b

a1 . b2 a2 . b1

a b

a b . 5a 2b 0

Page 30

 + ICT

a 5a 2b b 5a 2b 0
2

5 a 2a . b 5a . b 2 b 0

5 a 3a . b 2 a
2

5 a 3a . b 8 a 0
2

3 a 3a . b 0

a .b a . b .cos

3 a . b .cos 3 a

cos

3a

3a.b
a

a .2 a

a .2

1
cos 60
2

60

12.

C a t0 b a

C ABC

a b .t a .t

1 t0 . a b .t0

C ma nb

m 1 t0 , t0 n

m 0 , n 0

m n 1

t0 1 m , t 0 n

C 1 1 m . a nb

C ma nb

C ma nb

13 . MA BC

Page 31

 + ICT

MA. BC 0

MA . BC EA EM . BC

EG
EA
. BC
2

EG
EA
. BC AC
2

EG
. BA AC
2
1
1
EA BA EA. AC EG . BA EG . AC
2
2
1
1
0 EA. AC EG . BA EG . AC
2
2
BA
AC
EA. AC
EA AG
EA AG
2
2
BA . EA BA. AG AC . EA AG . AC
EA. AC

2
2
2
2
1
BA. AG
EA. AC 0
2
2
1
EA. AC BA AG

2
EA. AC
EA. BA AC

BA . AG BA . AG

EA . AC EA . AC

BA. AG

EC EA. AC

BG BA. AG
BG EC

1
EC EC 0
2

MA BC

Page 32