DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

LAB PROJECT

HEAT SENSOR PROJECT

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

9V Battery 1
3.3K ohm Resister 1
100 ohm Resister - 1
BC547 Transistor 1
Electronic Buzzer 1
110 ohm Thermistor 1
Switch (optional) 1
4.7 V Diode 1
Vero Board

KNOW ABOUT COMPONENTS:

THERMISTOR: It is also called as Heat sensor. According to the Heat, the

resistivity increases / decreases.
BC548: It is a Bi-Polar Transistor with 3 terminals. When any input is given to the
base terminal, the connection exists between the emitter and collector terminals.
BUZZER: When connecting it to any battery, u will hear a musical sound or a
buzzer sound.

DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

LAB PROJECT

DESCRIPTION:
Connect the Components as shown in the circuit.
In this circuit, according to the Heat on Thermistor, the Buzzer will sound like alarm.
This is because; in the following circuit diagram Thermistor and 100 Ohms resistance is
connected in series and makes a potential divider circuit. If Thermistor is of N.T.C (Negative
temperature Coefficient) type then after heating the Thermistor its resistance decreases
so more current flows through the Thermistor and 100 Ohms resistance and we get more
voltage at junction of Thermistor and resistance. Suppose after heating 110 ohms Thermistor its
resistance value become 90 Ohms, then according to potential divider circuit the voltage across
one resistor equals the ratio of that resistors value and the sum of resistances times the voltage
across the series combination. This concept is so pervasive it has a name: voltage divider. The
input-output relationship for this system, found in this particular case by voltage divider, takes
the form of a ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage.
This output voltage is applied to a NPN transistor through a resistance. Emitter voltage is
maintained at 4.7 volt with a help of Zener diode. This voltage we will use as compare voltage.
Transistor conducts when base voltage is greater than emitter voltage. Transistor conducts as it
gets more than 4.7 bases Voltage and circuit is completed through buzzer and it gives Sound.
Diode is used here to prevent back Emf.
Hence HEAT SENSOR Module is ready.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: