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05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters
05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters
05 Huawei WCDMA Handover Principle and Relevant Parameters
Course Name
WCDMA Handover
Principle and
Relevant Parameters
www.huawei.com
N-1
Course Name
Foreword
The mobility of UE
Page1
N-2
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Objectives
Page2
N-3
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Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
Page3
N-4
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Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
Page4
N-5
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Page5
N-6
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Active Set
Monitored Set
selection combination
Detected set
CPICH
Page6
Active set : Cells, which belong to the active set. User information is sent from all these cells.
In FDD, the cells in the active set are involved in soft handover. In TDD the active set always
comprises one cell only. The UE shall only consider active set cells included in the variable
CELL_INFO_LIST for measurement; i.e. active set cells not included in the CELL_INFO_LIST
shall not be considered in any event evaluation and measurement reporting.
Monitored set :Cells, which are not included in the active set, but are included in the
CELL_INFO_LIST belong to the monitored set.
Detected set : Cells detected by the UE, which are neither in the CELL_INFO_LIST nor in the
active set belong to the detected set. Reporting of measurements of the detected set is only
applicable to intra-frequency measurements made by UEs in CELL_DCH state.
Combination way: For soft handover, the uplink signals are combined in RNC. The RNC will
select one best signal to process. We call this selective combination. For softer handover, the
uplink signals are combined in the RAKE receiver of NodeB. It is maximum ratio combination.
CPICH: Common Pilot Channel. UE measure the signal strength of CPICH for handover
decision.
N-7
Course Name
Hard handover
Intra-frequency handover
Inter-frequency handover
Based on Coverage
Based on Noncoverage
Page7
The unique signaling of soft handover is Active Set Update, and the unique signaling
of hard handover is Physical Channel Reconfiguration.
Soft handover include soft handover and softer handover. It is depended on if the two
(or three) RLs belong to one NodeB.
The handover based on service: for example, the handover between R99 and
HSDPA.
N-8
Course Name
Item
The number of RLs in
Soft Handover
Hard Handover
Several
One
No
Yes
Only happened
between Intra-
frequency cells
cells
Page8
The maximum number of RL is 3. This value can be changed. But this function need
the UE to support. Normally, the active set supported by UE is fixed 3 and can not be
changed.
N-9
Course Name
Item
UL combination
Soft Handover
Softer Handover
Signal combined in
RNC by selective
combination
DL combination
Signal combined in
Signal combined in UE by
UE by maximum ratio
combination
Page9
N-10
Course Name
Soft Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
Page10
It is soft handover. During the handover, two radio links are connected with UE, and
data in each RL are same. So the UE can combine the data in RAKE receiver. But the
control part are different for downlink.
N-11
Course Name
Softer Handover
RNC
NodeB
Cell A
Cell B
Page11
It is softer handover. The cells in active set belong to one NodeB. The NodeB use the
RAKE receiver to combine the data in HULP board. Then send the data to WFMR
board in RNC.
N-12
Course Name
Hard Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
NodeB 2
Cell A
Cell B
Page12
It is hard handover. The UE disconnect the original radio link, then connect to the
target cell. It happened in intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-RAT.
N-13
Course Name
Measurement
Measurement phase
Decision
No
Are handover criteria satisfied?
Yes
Execution
Decision phase
Execution phase
Page13
After receiving the intra-frequency measurement report from the UE, the RNC decides
whether to go to the execution phase, depending on the information in the report.
N-14
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Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
Page14
N-15
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Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report
2.2 Measurement Phase
Page15
N-16
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Measurement Control
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Page16
If the UE setup a RRC connection or trigger the 1D event, the UTRAN will send the measurement
control to UE. The measurement control include the algorithm of measurement and handover, for
example, the intra-frequency handover criteria, and how to report.
1. Measurement identity: A reference number that should be used by the UTRAN when setting
up, modifying or releasing the measurement and by the UE in the measurement report.
-Modify: Modify a previously defined measurement, e.g. to change the reporting criteria.
-Release: Stop a measurement and clear all information in the UE that are related to that
measurement.
3. Measurement type: One of the types listed above describing what the UE shall measure.
Presence or absence of the following control information depends on the measurement type.
4. Measurement objects: The objects the UE shall measure, and corresponding object
information.
5. Measurement quantity: The quantity the UE shall measure. This also includes the filtering of
the measurements.
6. Reporting quantities: The quantities the UE shall include in the report in addition to the
quantities that are mandatory to report for the specific event.
7. Measurement reporting criteria: The triggering of the measurement report, e.g. periodical or
event-triggered reporting.
9. Measurement reporting mode: This specifies whether the UE shall transmit the measurement
report using AM or UM RLC.
10. Additional measurement identities: A list of references to other measurements. When this
measurement triggers a measurement report, the UE shall also include the reporting quantities for the
measurements referenced by the additional measurement identities.
N-17
Course Name
Measurement Report
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Page17
signal strength and check if it meet the requirement of all event. If it meet the
requirement of any event, UE will send the measurement report to UTRAN to
trigger the handover. The most important information in the measurement are
the PSC and the CPICH Ec/No of the target cell, and the triggered event.
N-18
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Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report
2.2 Measurement Phase
Page18
N-19
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Measurement Model
parameters
parameters
Layer 1
filtering
Layer 3
filtering
C
C'
Evaluation
of reporting
criteria
Page19
N-20
Course Name
Measurement Quantity
Ec/No
RSCP
RSSI
Page20
N-21
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InterFreqMeasQuantity
MeasQuantityOf3A
Page21
IntraFreqMeasQuantity
InterFreqMeasQuantity
MeasQuantityOf3A
SET INTERRATHOCOV.
N-22
Course Name
Layer 3 filtering
Fn = (1 a ) Fn 1 + a M n
Where:
a = 1/2(k/2)
Page22
The greater this parameter is ,the stronger the smoothing effect on the signal will be ,
and the stronger the fast fading resistance capability will be , but the weaker the
tracing capability of the signal change will be.
When k = 0, that is, a is set to 1, no layer 3 filtering is performed.
N-23
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FilterCoef
InterFreqFilterCoef
InterRATFilterCoef
Page23
FilterCoef
Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the
smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability.
Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO.
InterFreqFilterCoef
Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the
smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability.
Set this parameter through SET INTERFREQHOCOV, query it through LST INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterRATFilterCoef
Content: L3 filtering coefficient for intra-frequency measurement. The greater this parameter is, the greater the
smoothing effect and the higher the anti fast fading capability, but the lower the signal change tracing capability.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-24
Course Name
Periodic Report
Page24
N-25
Course Name
Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
Page25
N-26
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page26
N-27
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page27
N-28
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The handover among different cells which are in same RLS can be
softer handover
Page28
Soft handover:
Softer handover
N-29
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Advantages
Disadvantages
Page29
Advantages
Because of the signal combination, the combination gain can overcome some of the path
loss
During the handover, UE has several RLs with the network, call drop caused by pingpong handover can be avoided
Disadvantages
Soft handover will occupy more resource ,such as CE, Iub transmission, especially for
the code resources for BE service
When the downlink power from different cells are not balanced, it will cause side-effect in
downlink.
N-30
Course Name
Measurement quantity
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode
Periodic reporting
Event type
1A,1B,1C,1D,1F
Page30
Normally, the soft handovers are triggered by 1A,1B,1C events in the Measurement
report signaling, UTRAN will make decisions according to these events
1D event will trigger new measurement control.
N-31
Course Name
Description
The PCPICH quality of the cells in the monitored set enters the reporting range .
This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell . A
relative high combined gain can be achieved when the cell is added to the active
set
1B
The PCPICH quality of the cells in the active set leaves the reporting range. This
indicates that quality of a cell is much worse than the quality of the best cell. The
cell should not stay in the active set
1C
A non-active PCPICH becomes better than an active PCPICH. This indicates that
the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell. In addition ,the number of
cells in the active set has reached the maximum value. The cell replaces the worst
cell in the active set ; thus achieving a higher combined gain
1D
Page31
Actually ,we can consider Events are the suggestions from the UE:
1A means UE suggests to add a radio link,
1B means UE suggests to remove a radio link,
1C means UE suggests to exchange a radio link
N-32
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10 LogM
New
NA
Best
( R1a H 1 a / 2 ),
Page32
Mbest is the measurement value of the best cell in the active set
R1a is the reporting range or relative threshold of soft handover. The threshold
parameters of CS and PS service are CS service 1A event relative
threshold , PS service 1A event relative threshold respectively
H1a is 1A hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1A
N-33
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Example of 1A Event
Page33
N-34
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INTRARELTHDFOR1APS
Page34
INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS
INTRAFREQHO.
INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS
INTRAFREQHO.
N-35
Course Name
TRIGTIME1A
Page35
HYSTFOR1A
Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1A. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case,
the event cannot be triggered in time.
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1A
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1A. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the
event to the measured signal changes.
INTRAFREQHO.
N-36
Course Name
NA
Page36
Mbest is the measurement value of the best cell in the active set
R1b is the reporting range or relative threshold of soft handover. The threshold
parameters of CS and PS service are CS service 1B event relative
threshold , PS service 1B event relative threshold respectively
H1b is 1B hysteresis , the hysteresis value of event 1B
N-37
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Example of 1B Event
Page37
N-38
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INTRARELTHDFOR1BPS
Page38
INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS
INTRAFREQHO.
INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS
INTRAFREQHO.
N-39
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TRIGTIME1B
Page39
HYSTFOR1B
Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1B. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case,
the event cannot be triggered in time.
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1B
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1B. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the
event to the measured signal changes.
INTRAFREQHO.
N-40
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Page40
M inAS is the measurement value of the worst cell in the active set
CIOInAS is cell individual offset of the worst cell in the active set
N-41
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Example of 1C Event
Page41
N-42
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TRIGTIME1C
Page42
HYSTFOR1C
Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1C. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case,
the event cannot be triggered in time.
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1C
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1C. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the
event to the measured signal changes.
INTRAFREQHO.
N-43
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Page43
M inAS is the measurement value of the worst cell in the active set
N-44
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Example of 1D Event
Page44
N-45
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TRIGTIME1D
Page45
HYSTFOR1D
Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1D. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
less ping-pong effect and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case,
the event cannot be triggered in time.
INTRAFREQHO.
TRIGTIME1D
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
2560, 5000 ms
Content: The trigger delay time of the event 1D. This parameter value is
related to the slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the
smaller the misjudgement probability, but the lower the response speed of the
event to the measured signal changes.
INTRAFREQHO.
N-46
Course Name
SHOQualmin
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Page46
Weight
Content: This parameter is used to define the soft handover relative threshold based
on the measured value of each cell in the active set. The greater this parameter is set,
the higher the soft handover relative threshold. When this parameter is set as 0, the
soft handover relative threshold is only for the best cell in the active set.
Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO.
SHOQualmin
Set this parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query it through LST INTRAFREQHO.
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Content: Offset of cell CPICH measurement value. The offset is added to the
measurement quantity before the UE evaluates if an event has occurred. In handover
algorithms, this parameter is used for moving the border of a cell.
INTRAFREQNCELL.
N-47
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page47
N-48
Course Name
Switch off the RL with the original cell, then setup the RL with target
cell
Page48
In some cases ,UE want to take soft handover according to the intra-frequency
measurement, but RNC dont allow the UE to take this soft handover cause there is
no IUR interface between 2 RNCs or the service rate is higher than a threshold, then
the UE has to ask for hard handover based on the measurement.
During the intra-frequency hard handover, the RNC will ask the UE to switch off the
RL with the original cell and setup the RL with the target cell, so there is a gap during
this procedure.
N-49
Course Name
Advantages
Disadvantages
Page49
Cause there is only 1 RL for the UE, OVSF code resources ,CE resources DL tx
power resources and IUB resources can be saved
During the hard handover, the frequency of the original cell and target cell are the
same, so when the UE want to setup the RL with the target cell, the original cell will
cause DL interference to the UE.
N-50
Course Name
Time to trigger
Hysteresis
Page50
BEBITRATETHD
N-51
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page51
N-52
Course Name
Page52
If the frequency of the original cell and target cell are different, the soft handover is
impossible.
In a WCDMA FDD system, the UE in CELL_DCH state sends and receives signals
continuously in uplink and downlink channels. If the UE in this case needs to measure
the pilot signal strength of an inter-frequency WCDMA or GSM cell, and it has only
mono-frequency receiver, the UE must use the compressed mode technique.
N-53
Course Name
Compressed Mode
Purpose
Categories
Realization Methods
SF/2
Page53
In DL, during compressed mode ,UE receiver can test signal from other frequency. In
order to avoid the effect cause by UE transmitter, compress mode is also used in UL.
The compressed mode includes two types, spreading factor reduction (SF/2) and high
layer approaches. The usage of type of compressed mode is decided by the RNC
automatically, according to spreading factor used in uplink or downlink.
N-54
Course Name
Measurement quantity
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
Reporting mode
Periodic reporting
Event type
2B,2C,2D,2F
Page54
UE can report the measurement result when event triggered ,then RNC performs
handover decision. Or the UE periodically reports the inter-frequency measurement
report, and the RNC decides the handover after evaluation.
N-55
Course Name
Description
When the current signal quality is lower than the preset threshold , the
UTRAN enables the compressed mode and starts inter-frequency
measurement
2F
When the current signal quality is higher than the preset threshold, the
UTRAN disables the compressed mode and stops inter-frequency
measurement
2B
When the current signal frequency is lower than the preset threshold and
the signal quality of an inter-frequency neighbouring cell is higher than
the preset threshold , the UTRAN trigger an inter-frequency handover
based on coverage
2C
Page55
During the movement, UE can detect the severing cell signal is getting worse, then
the UE will report a 2D event to trigger compress mode, and then the UE can
measure the signals of inter-frequency neighbors. During the measurement period, if
the serving cell signal recovers, UE will report a 2F event to stop compress mode,
that is to stop the inter-frequency measurement.
During the compress mode ,UE can measure the inter-frequency cell signal, and 2B
and 2C event may be triggered.
N-56
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Page56
QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency.
TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current
frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity
(CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS
measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq
CS measure start RSCP THD, Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD
respectively.
N-57
Course Name
InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
Page57
InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0
Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity
for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate
compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event
2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-58
Course Name
InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
Page58
InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity
for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate
compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event
2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-59
Course Name
TRIGTIME2D
Page59
HYSTFOR2D
Value range: 0
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2D
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading
characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect
decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2D to
measurement signal change.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-60
Course Name
QUsed TUsed 2 f + H 2 f / 2
Page60
QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency.
frequency.
TUsed2F is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current
current
frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity
(CPICH Ec/No
Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as InterInter-freq CS
measure start Ec/No
Ec/No THD, InterInter-freq PS measure start Ec/No
Ec/No THD, InterInter-freq
CS measure start RSCP THD, InterInter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD
respectively.
N-61
Course Name
InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
Page61
InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0
Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity
for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate
compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event
2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. .
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-62
Course Name
InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
Page62
InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity
for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate
compressed mode and stop inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event
2F when the measured value is larger than the value of this parameter. .
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-63
Course Name
TRIGTIME2F
Page63
HYSTFOR2F
Value range: 0
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2F
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading
characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect
decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2F to
measurement signal change.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-64
Course Name
, and
Page64
QNoused is the measured quality of the cell that uses other frequency.
TNoused2b is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses other frequency.
Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity (CPICH
Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS target
frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No
THD, Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD, And Inter-freq PS
target frequency trigger RSCP THD respectively.
QUsed is the measured quality of the cell that uses the current frequency.
TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses the current
frequency. Based on the service type (CS or PS) and measurement quantity
(CPICH Ec/No or RSCP), this threshold can be configured as Inter-freq CS
measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-freq
CS measure start RSCP THD, Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD
respectively.
N-65
Course Name
InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
Page65
InterFreqCovHOCSThdEcN0
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-66
Course Name
InterFreqCovHOPSThdRSCP
Page66
InterFreqCovHOCSThdRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity
for inter-frequency measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate
compressed mode and start inter-frequency measurement, if the UE reports the event
2D when the measured value is smaller than the value of this parameter.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
Content: For
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-67
Course Name
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
Page67
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
dB
INTERFREQHOCOV.
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-68
Course Name
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
Page68
IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
dBm
INTERFREQHOCOV.
IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-69
Course Name
TRIGTIME2B
Page69
HYSTFOR2B
Value range: 0
The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The
larger the value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer
the decision mistakes. In this case, however, the event 2B might not be
triggered in time.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2B
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560,
5000 ms
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading
characteristic. The larger the value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect
decision probability, but the slower the response of the event 2B to
measurement signal change.
INTERFREQHOCOV.
N-70
Course Name
Page70
QNoused is the measured quality of the cell that uses other frequency.
TNoused is the absolute quality threshold of the cell that uses other frequency.
Inter-freq measure target frequency trigger Ec/No THD.
H2c is the event 2C hysteresis value 2C hysteresis.
N-71
Course Name
InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0
Hystfor2C
TrigTime2C
Page71
InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0
Content: This parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 2C. The event 2C is
triggered when the signal quality of the target frequency is above this threshold .
Hystfor2C
TrigTime2C
Value range: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5000 ms;
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the
value of this parameter, the lower the incorrect decision probability, but the slower the response
of the event 2C to measurement signal change.
N-72
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page72
N-73
Course Name
UMTS->GSM handover
UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover
UMTS->GSM load-based handover
UMTS->GSM service-based handover
GSM->UMTS handover
Page73
Inter-RAT handover refers to the handover between different systems, such as UMTS
and GSM, which use different radio access technologies (RAT).
GSM->UMTS handover
If the load of UMTS rather than GSM is heavy and all services of the
UE are supported by GSM, UMTS->GSM load-based handover is
triggered.
UMTS->GSM service-based handover
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Course Name
Advantages
Disadvantages
Page74
The CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP of the UMTS cell to which the UE
connects is lower than the corresponding threshold. In addition, there is
a GSM cell whose GSM carrier RSSI is higher than the preset
threshold.
UMTS->GSM load-based handover
The load of the UMTS cell to which the UE connects is higher than the
threshold.
UMTS->GSM service-based handover
N-75
Course Name
Measurement quantity
CPICH_Ec/N0
CPICH_RSCP
BOTH
Reporting mode
PERIODICAL_REPORTING
EVENT_TRIGGER
Event type
2D, 2F
3A, 3C
Page75
Measurement quantity
N-76
Course Name
Description
When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is lower than the preset
threshold, the RNC enables the compressed mode and starts inter-RAT
measurement.
2F
When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is higher than the preset
threshold, the RNC disables the compressed mode and stops inter-RAT
measurement.
3A
When the signal quality of the currently used UMTS frequency is lower than the
preset threshold while the signal quality of any other system is higher than the
preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on coverage.
3C
When the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold,
the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on load or service.
Page76
N-77
Course Name
Q Used TUsed2d - H 2d / 2
Page77
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency.
TUsed2d is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency.
Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can
be Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD,
Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD.
When the conditions for event 2D are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified
in 2D event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of Event 2D.
N-78
Course Name
INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO
INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO
Page78
INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO
Physical unit: dB
Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the
value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO
Physical unit: dB
Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the
value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-79
Course Name
INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP
INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP
Page79
INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the
value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP
Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for interRAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to activate compressed mode and start interRAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2D when the measured value is smaller than the
value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-80
Course Name
HYSTFOR2D
TRIGTIME2D
HYSTFOR2D
Physical unit: dB
Page80
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the
value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In
this case, however, the event 2D might not be triggered in time.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2D
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-81
Course Name
Q Used TUsed2f + H 2f / 2
Page81
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency.
TUsed2f is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency.
Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can
be Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD,
Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD.
When the conditions for event 2F are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified
in 2F event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of Event 2F.
N-82
Course Name
INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO
INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO
INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO
Physical unit: dB
Page82
Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode
and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured
value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO
Physical unit: dB
Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode
and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured
value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-83
Course Name
INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP
INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP
Page83
INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode
and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured
value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP
Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement, the RNC sends the signaling to deactivate compressed mode
and stop inter-RAT measurement, if the UE reports the event 2F when the measured
value is larger than the value of this parameter.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-84
Course Name
HYSTFOR2F
TRIGTIME2F
HYSTFOR2F
Physical unit: dB
Page84
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the
value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In
this case, however, the event 2F might not be triggered in time.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
TRIGTIME2F
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-85
Course Name
Q Used TUsed3a + H 3a / 2
M OtherRat + CIOOtherRat TOtherRat + H 3a / 2
Page85
QUsed is the measurement value of the cell at the currently used frequency.
TUsed is the absolute quality threshold of the cell at the currently used frequency.
Based on CS or PS services, CPICH Ec/No, or RSCP measurement quantity, it can
be Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT PS Used frequency
trigger Ec/No THD, Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD, or Inter-RAT
PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD.
MOtherRat is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range.
CIOOtherRat is cell individual offset, the offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the
reporting range.
When the conditions for event 3A are met and maintained in time-to-trigger specified
in 3A event trigger delay time, the UE sends the measurement report of event 3A.
N-86
Course Name
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
Physical unit: dB
Page86
Content: For CS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is
EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event
3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency
is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD] is reached.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
Physical unit: dB
Content: For PS domain services, when Ec/No is used as the measurement quantity for
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-87
Course Name
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
Page87
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
Content: For CS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
Content: For PS domain services, when RSCP is used as the measurement quantity for
inter-RAT measurement and the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is
EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set measurement control on the event
3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency
is below this threshold and the [Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD] is reached.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-88
Course Name
INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD
INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD
Page88
INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD [dBm]
Value range: 0~63
Physical value range: -110~-48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48.)
Physical unit: dBm
Content: For CS domain services,
- If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the
measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the cell
with the target frequency is higher than this threshold and the threshold of the used frequency
quality of the corresponding measurement quantity is reached.
- If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used
to evaluate coverage-based inter-RAT handovers at the RNC.
Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm.
The recommended value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm ).
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD
Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD [dBm]
Value range: 0~63
Physical value range: -110~-48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48.)
Physical unit: dBm
Content: For PS domain services,
- If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is EVENT_TRIGGER, this parameter is used to set the
measurement control on the event 3A. The event 3A is triggered, when the quality of the cell
with the target frequency is higher than this threshold and the threshold of the used frequency
quality of the corresponding measurement quantity is reached.
- If the value of [Inter-RAT report mode] is PERIODICAL_REPORTING, this parameter is used
to evaluate coverage-based inter-RAT handovers at the RNC.
Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm.
The recommended value of this parameter is 16 (-95 dBm ).
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-89
Course Name
HYSTFOR3A
TRIGTIME3A
HYSTFOR3A
Physical unit: dB
Page89
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the
value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer the decision mistakes. In
this case, however, the event 3A might not be triggered in time.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
TRIGTIME3A
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHOCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHOCOV.
N-90
Course Name
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Page90
CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
Physical unit: dB
Content: This parameter is used in inter-RAT handover decision. The larger the parameter, the
higher the handover priority of the GSM cell. The smaller the parameter, the lower the handover
priority of the GSM cell.
Set this parameter through ADD GSMNCELL, query it through LST GSMNCELL.
N-91
Course Name
Page91
MOtherRat is the measurement value of the cell (in another RAT) in the reporting range.
CIOOtherRat is cell individual offset, the offset value of the cell (in another RAT) in the
reporting range.
When the conditions for event 3C are met and the delay requirement specified by the
3C event trigger delay time parameter can be satisfied, the UE sends the
measurement report of event 3C.
N-92
Course Name
INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
Value range: 0 to 63
Page92
Physical value range: -110 to -48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48)
Physical unit: dB
Content: This parameter is used to set measurement control on the event 3C. The event 3C is
triggered when the quality of the target frequency is higher than this threshold. Note that the
value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
Value range: 0 to 63
Physical value range: -110 to -48 (The value 1 corresponds to the physical value -110, 2 to 109, ..., 63 to -48)
Physical unit: dB
Content: The event 3C is triggered when the quality of the target frequency is higher than this
threshold. Note that the value 0 means the physical value is smaller than -110 dBm.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
N-93
Course Name
HYSTFOR3C
TRIGTIME3C
HYSTFOR3C
Physical unit: dB
Page93
Content: The value of this parameter is relevant to the slow fading characteristic. The larger the
value of this parameter, the less the ping-pong effect and the fewer decision mistakes. In this
case, however, the event 3C might not be triggered in time.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
TRIGTIME3C
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
N-94
Course Name
PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO
INTERRATHOATTEMPTS
PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO
Physical unit: s
Page94
Content: An inter-RAT handover to a GSM cell may fail due to the heavy load of the GSM cell.
Therefore, in the period of time specified by this parameter, inter-RAT handover requests are
not sent to the GSM cell.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
INTERRATHOATTEMPTS
Value range: 1 to 16
Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of attempts for the RNC to perform
inter-RAT handovers after a non-coverage-based inter-RAT handover failure. For later
handover attempts, target cells must be selected. Ensure that the target cells have not been
tried but satisfy the handover conditions. No matter the inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer
expires or not.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
N-95
Course Name
INTERRATMEASTIME
Page95
INTERRATMEASTIME
Physical unit: s
Content: After inter-RAT measurement starts, if no inter-RAT handover is performed when this
timer expires, the inter-RAT measurement is stopped. In addition, the compressed mode is
deactivated, if any. The value 0 indicates the timer is not to be enabled.
Set this parameter through SET INTERRATHONCOV, query it through LST INTERRATHONCOV.
N-96
Course Name
Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
Page96
N-97
Course Name
Page97
If the serving frequency signal is getting worse quickly, but UE can not trigger a interfrequency measurement and hard handover in time, blind handover might be used to
save the call.
N-98
Course Name
10 LogMOld T1 f H1 f / 2
Where:
Page98
For different intra-frequency measurement quantity, the threshold T1f are set to 1F
Event Absolute EcNo Threshold, 1F Event Absolute RSCP Threshold respectively.
N-99
Course Name
Cell 1
1F Trigger
Delay Time
Absolute
Threshold T1f
Hysteresis
H1f /2
Time
Reporting
event 1F
Page99
If the signal quality of a cell in the active set is worse than T1f - H1f /2 , and last for a
certain time 1F Event Trigger Delay Time, then UE reports event 1F.
N-100
Course Name
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FECNO
Page100
Content: The absolute EcNo threshold of the event 1F.It is easier to trigger event 1F if
the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1F if the value decreases.
Recommended value: -24
INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP
Content: The absolute RSCP threshold of the event 1F.It is easier to trigger event 1F if
the value increases. It is harder to trigger event 1F if the value decreases.
The recommended value is -115 dBm
For RNC level, set these two parameter through SET INTRAFREQHO, query them
through LST INTRAFREQHO, and modify them through SET INTRAFREQHO
For cell level, set these two parameter through ADD CELLINTRAFREQHO, query them
through LST CELLINTRAFREQHO, and modify them through MOD
CELLINTRAFREQHO.
N-101
Course Name
TRIGTIME1F
HYSTFOR1F
Value range: 0 to 15
Page101
Content: The hysteresis value of the event 1F. This parameter value is related to the
slow fading characteristic. The greater this parameter is set, the less ping-pong effect
and misjudgement can be caused. However, in this case, the event cannot be triggered
in time.
Recommended value: 8
TRIGTIME1F
N-102
Course Name
Page102
When we configure the inter-frequency neighbor cell or GSM neighbor cell, two
parameters of blind handover is included: Blind Handover Flag and Blind Handover
Priority.
N-103
Course Name
BLINDHOPRIO
BLINDHOFLAG
Page103
Content: This parameter indicates whether the neighboring cell is the target cell for
blind handovers. If the value is TRUE, blind handovers can be performed to the
neighboring cell.
Default value: FALSE
BLINDHOPRIO
Value range: 0 to 30
Content: The value 0 indicates the highest priority, and 30 the lowest. A neighboring
cell of a cell must have a unique priority.
It is suggested 0 to 15 assigned to the neighboring cells superposed to the cell
specified by [CELLID]. The success rate of handovers to these cells can be guaranteed.
Neighboring cells with priorities from 16 to 30 can be performed with blind handovers,
but the handovers may fail.
Set these two parameter through ADD INTERFREQNCELL or ADD GSMNCELL, query
them through LST INTERFREQNCELL or LST GSMNCELL, and modify them through
MOD INTERFREQNCELL or MOD GSMNCELL.
N-104
Course Name
Thank you
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