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To Study The Factors On Which The Internal Resistance of A Cell Depends.
To Study The Factors On Which The Internal Resistance of A Cell Depends.
Factors Affecting
Internal Resistance Of
A Cell
Acknowledgement
I feel proud to present my Investigatory project
in Physics on the topic To study the various
factors on which the internal resistance of
a cell depends .This project wouldnt have
been feasible without the proper and rigorous
guidance of my Physics teacher Mr.S.
Ramamoorthy who guided me throughout this
project in every possible way on a step by step
basis and ensuring that I completed my project
with ease. His suggestions and instructions have
served as the major contributor towards the
completion of the project. Then I would also like
to thank my principal Mr.N.M.Varadharajulu.
Rigorous hard work has been put in this project
to ensure that it proves to be the best. I hope
that this project will prove to be a breeding
ground for the next generation of students and
will guide them in every possible way.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Dhananjay Narayan,
a student of class XII has successfully
completed the project on the topic
Determination of various factors on
which the internal resistance of a cell
depends under the guidance of
Mr.S.Ramamoorthy (Subject Teacher).This
project is absolutely genuine and does not
indulge in plagiarism of any kind. The
progress of the project has been
continuously reported and has been
acknowledged consistently.
________________
N.M.VARADHARAJULU
(Principal)
________________
External Examiner
____________
S.RAMAMOORTHY
(Physics Teacher)
Contents
Acknowledgement
Certificate
Introduction
Objective
Apparatus
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Sources of error
Introduction
Theory :The internal resistance of a cell is the resistance offered by its electrolyte to
the flow of ions . The internal resistance of a cell
is directly proportional to the distance between the electrodes.
is inversely proportional to facing surface area of the electrodes in
electrolyte.
decreases with increase in temperature of electrolyte.
is inversely proportional to concentration of electrolyte.
The internal resistance of a cell is given by
r=(
l 1l 2
)R
l1
Procedure :-
Step 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. Remove the plug keys at K 1 and K 2 .Wait for some time and for the
same value of current (as shown by ammeter) repeat the steps 7 to 13.
15. Repeat the observations for diffrent values of R repeating each
observation twice.
16. Calculate the internal resistance of cell by using the above relation for r.
Step 2
To see the effect of distance between the electrodes on
internal resistances keeping the other factors constant ,vary
separation between electrodes and measure internal resistance in
each case.
Step 3
To see the effect of the temperature of electrolyte on internal
resistance by keeping other factors constant.
Keep primary cells in water bath to heat the electrolyte.
Determine the internal resistance at various temperatures.
Step 4
To see the effect of concentration (nature) of electrolyte on internal
resistance by :Keeping the other factors constant , decrease concentration of
electrolyte by adding the distilled water and determine internal
resistance of cell in each case .
Diagram:-
Observations :S.No
.
Ammeter
Pos. of null
Reading
point ( cm )
(A)
With Without
R (l1
R ( l2 )
)
Shunt
Resistance
R()
1.
2.
3.
Table
effect
for
of
S.No Separation
.
between
Balancing
length
Balancing
length
Electrodes
-d (cm)
(cm) ( l1 )
(cm) (l2)
r=( (l 1l2)/ l1
r/d
)R
Table for
effect of
()
1.
2.
3.
temperature :S.No.
Temperature
l1
l2
Resista
nce
(T) C
(cm)
(cm)
R ()
r=(
l 1l 2
)R
l1
()
Tr
(K)
1.
2.
3.
Conclusions :1. The Electromotive Force of the cell is constant and is equal to
E=
______ Volt
2. The internal resistance of a cell is directly proportional to the separation
between the electrodes.
3. The internal resistance of a cell is inversely proportional to the area of
the electrodes dipped in electrolyte.
Sources of error :-
Bibliography
www.Google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
Comprehensive Practical Physics by Laxmi
Publications (P) LTD.