Tavisuflebis instituti

damtkicebulia saqarTvelos
ganaTlebis saministros mier
damxmare saxelmZRvanelod umaRlesi
saswavleblebis Jurnalistikis
fakultetis studentebisTvis

saxelmZRvanelo gamocemulia evrokomisiisa da

evropis sabWos erToblivi proeqtis farglebSi,
saerTaSoriso kvlevisa da gacvlebis sabWosTan
(IREX) da britaneTis sabWosTan partniorobiT.
es gamocema Tavisuflebis institutma
ganaxorciela amerikis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID)
TanadafinansebiT, saerTaSoriso kvlevisa da
gacvlebis sabWosgan (IREX) miRebuli grantis
meSveobiT. miuxedavad amisa, mxolod
Tavisuflebis instituti agebs pasuxs am
gamocemis Sinaarsze. masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi
SesaZloa ar gamoxatavdes saerTaSoriso
kvlevisa da gacvlebis sabWos (IREX), amerikis
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos
warmomadgenlobis (USAID) an amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis mTavrobis oficialur pozicias.

Semdgeneli da redaqtori:
Targmani:

dizaini:

Tamar kinwuraSvili
manana gigauri, xaTuna kopaleiSvli,
merab basilaia, SoTa utiaSvili.
besik danelia

Targmani qveyndeba minesotas axali ambebis sabWosTan

(www.mtn.org/newscouncil), germaniis presis sabWosTan
(www.presserat.de), didi britaneTis presis saCivrebis
komisiasTan (www.pcc.org.uk), kanadis britaneTis
kolumbiis presis sabWosa (www. bcpresscouncil.org) da
estoneTis presis sabWosTan (www.asn.org.ee)
SeTanxmebiT da masze pasuxs ageben mTargmnelebi.

ISBN 99940-714-6-7
2

redaqtorisgan

rogor iqceva pop varskvlavi pol makkartni an elton

joni, kinovarskvlavi hiu granti, premieri ariel Saroni
an toni bleri, rogor iqcevian sxva cnobadi Tu ucnobi
adamianebi, rodesac media maT pirad cxovrebaSi daukiTxavad iWreba, axdens maT diskreditacias, arRvevs Jurnalistur balanssa Tu sxva profesiul standartebs?
rogor pasuxobs media misi misamarTiT gamoTqmul braldebebs?
es is SekiTxvebia, romlebzec pasuxs winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi uTuod ipoviT, Tumca manamde unda iTqvas
erTi ram: sazogadoeba, cnobadTa Tu ucnobTa CaTvliT,
xSir SemTxvevaSi mediasTan warmoqmnili davebis mogvarebas samarTlebrivi sivrcis nacvlad, moralur samsjavroze amjobinebs; media ki Tavis angariSvaldebulebas
sazogadoebis winaSe imiT gamoxatavs, rom qmnis TviTregulirebis sxvadasxva formebs, raTa warmoqmnili konfliqtebi xelisuflebis Carevis gareSe, sazogadoebis monawileobiTve gadaWras. albaT, swored mediis mier sazogadoebis winaSe nebayoflobiT aRebuli pasuxismgeblobaa samoqalaqo sazogadoebis simwifis gamovlineba.
winamdebare qrestomaTia mediis angariSvaldebulebis
iseT formas Seexeba, rogoric mediasabWoebia. es institutebi sxvadasxva qveynebSi sxvadasxva formiT arseboben, Tumca maTi ZiriTadi principi yvelgan erTia _ Jurnalistebi, redaqtorebi, mediis mflobelebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad, nebayoflobiT ayalibeben TviTregulirebis organos, romelic sazogadoebasa
da medias Soris warmoqmnil davebs ixilavs. sabWoebi,
romlebic sasamarTlos erTgvar alternativad aRiqmeba, moqalaqeebisagan Sesul saCivrebs mediis mierve aRi-

arebuli eTikuri normebisa da profesiuli standartebis safuZvelze ganixilaven.

mediasabWoebis, rogorc mediis TviTregulirebis organoebis arsebobis erTaderTi safuZveli aRiarebuli
principebisadmi erTguleba da maTi Seuvali dacvaa. avtoriteti da misdami ndoba ki mediasabWos erTaderTi
iaraRia.
mediis TviTregulirebis qrestomaTia miznad isaxavs
`sxvaTa~ gamocdilebis gaziarebas da es `sxvebi~ am SemTxvevaSi iseTi qveynebia, rogoricaa: aSS, germania, didi
britaneTi, estoneTi, kanada da Sveicaria. konkretuli
saqmeebis detaluri ganxilvis gziT, saxelmZRvanelo
saSualebas aZlevs momaval Jurnalistebs, praqtikulad
gaiazron Jurnalistikis Teoriuli safuZvlebi. qrestomaTia moicavs sakiTxebis farTo speqtrs, rogoricaa arCevnebis gaSuqeba, sareklamo politika, anonimur wyaroebTan urTierToba, interesTa konfliqti, balansis dacva, kriminalebisaTvis Tanxis gadaxda, Seviwroeba, diskriminacia Tu sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis gaSuqebis sakiTxebi.
civilizebulma qveynebma TviTregulirebis principebis
Seqmnasa da daxvewas aTwleulebi moandomes. saqarTvelo
ukve meore welia ecnoba am mxriv tradiciuli demokratiisa da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi arsebul gamocdilebas da pirvel nabijebs dgams mediasabWos Camoyalibebisa da angariSvaldebulebis sistemis amoqmedebis
mimarTulebiT. qarTulma mediam dResve unda gasces pasuxi kiTxvas _ SeuZlia Tu ara mas samoqalaqo sazogadoebis principebis srulad gaazreba da rac mTavaria, am
principebiT xelmZRvaneloba.
dasasruls, madloba unda iTqvas evrokomisiisa da evropis sabWos, saerTaSoriso kvlevisa da gacvlebis sabWosa
(IREX) da britaneTis sabWos mimarT, romelTa xelSewyobiT warimarTa saqarTveloSi es procesi da gamoica winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo.
Tamar kinwuraSvili

Sinaarsi
Sesavali

minesotas axali ambebis sabWo

1. arCevnebis gaSuqeba

11

marsia elandi
`iden preria nius-is winaaRmdeg

11

den riva `nordvest niusis~ winaaRmdeg

13

reimond ploeci
`serquleiTing fainsis~ winaaRmdeg

14

2. sareklamo politika

16

lari blahovici `faifsToun qaunTi

sTaris~ winaaRmdeg

16

edvard tekauci `CiSolm fri

pres-tribun presis~ winaaRmdeg

17

jim hoezes saarCevno komiteti

`vakonia patriotis~, `norvud Taimsis~
da `qarver qaunTi niusis~ winaaRmdeg

20

jon meinersi `delano iglis~ winaaRmdeg

23

meri jein reCneri `sent pol dispeCisa~

da `pioner presis~ winaaRmdeg

25

bartleti `ostin deili heraldis~

winaaRmdeg

27

3. reputacia

30

sevijis merobis kandidati roi karlsoni

`sevij peiseris~ winaaRmdeg
30
elis olkoni `Tvin siTi rideris~
winaaRmdeg

32

ben sternbergi
`mineapolis tribunis winaaRmdeg

34

4. saredaqcio statia

36

verne longi da ventel eriqsoni

`uortington deili gloubis~ winaaRmdeg 36
5. anonimuri wyaroebi

38

doqtor devid meCis

`sTar tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

38

incestis msxverpli
`vabaSa qaunTi heraldis winaaRmdeg

41

uortingtonis mcxovrebni
`uortington deili gloubis~ winaaRmdeg 43
pemela koili
`ostin deili heraldis~ winaaRmdeg

46

rendi jonsoni WTCN-TV-sa da

`golden veleis~ winaaRmdeg

47

koalicia progresuli DFL-isaTvis

`duluT-nius-tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

49

ernest lindstromi
`iunion advokatis~ winaaRmdeg

51

ronald dikliCi KBJR-TV-is winaaRmdeg

52

6. interesTa konfliqti

54

nensi barnesi `poup qaunTi tribunis~

winaaRmdeg

54

korporacia `speqtrumi~
`mineapolis sTar tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

56

opermeni da makdonahi
`sTiluoTer gazet~-is winaaRmdeg

58

minesotas ualkoholo sasmelebis

asociacia `mineapolis tribunis~
winaaRmdeg

60

sali everTi `sTiluoTer ivning gazetis~

winaaRmdeg
61
7. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

62

mineapolisis policiis departamentis

Sefi jon loqsi KARE-TV-is winaaRmdeg

62

Crdilo berlingtonis rkinigza

WCCO-TV-is winaaRmdeg

65

8. diskriminacia

68

riCard staneki `mineapolisis spouksmenis~

winaaRmdeg
68
vikkas eklesia `mineapolis staris~
winaaRmdeg

70

9. sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxva

72

profesori Selton gunaratni

`fargo forumis~ winaaRmdeg

72

ronald iakobsoni
`mineapolis tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

74

Sesavali
minesotas
axali ambebis sabWo

`es aris keTili nebis xidi, mkveTri ganacxadi

presis mxridan, rom is ara marto Tavisufalia,
aramed pasuxismgeblobis grZnobac aqvs,~ _ ase
Seafasa minesotas axali ambebis sabWos pirvelma
Tavmjdomarem, mosamarTle s. donald pitersonma
sabWos mniSvneloba.
sabWo, romelic 1971 wels minesotas gazeTebis
asociaciam daarsa da romelsac SemdgomSi Statis
mauwyebelTa nawilic SeuerTda, samarTliani, Zlieri da sando Jurnalistikis damkvidrebas isaxavs
miznad. am miznis misaRwevad sabWo sajaro mosmenebze ganixilavs sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa
saCivrebs mediis winaaRmdeg.
sabWo samediatoro funqciasac axorcielebs,
ris Sedegadac xSirad davebi mosmenamde gvardeba
da saqmes Semdgomi msvleloba ar eZleva. sainformacio saSualebam saCivari SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad daakmayofilos: es aris bodiSis moxda, Sesworebis an uaryofis gamoqveyneba, axali statiis momzadeba, romelSic momCivanis Tvalsazrisic aris
asaxuli, momCivanis mier dawerili masalis gamoqveyneba, rubrikiT `werili redaqtors~ an komentari.
Tu sainformacio saSualeba uars ambobs daakmayofilos momCivanis moTxovna, an momCivani
Tvlis, rom reagirebis forma araadekvaturia, aseT
SemTxvevaSi imarTeba sajaro mosmena. imisda miuxedavad, gamocxaddeba Tu ara mopasuxe mediasaSu-

aleba sxdomaze, sabWo mainc marTavs mosmenas da

sTxovs mopasuxe mxares werilobiT Sepasuxebas.
sabWos praqtikaSi iSviaTia SemTxvevebi, roca
mopasuxe mxare mxolod werilobiT pasuxs agzavnis
mosmenaze da Tavad ar cxaddeba da mxolod erTeuli SemTxvevebia, roca sainformacio saSualeba
saerTod ar exmianeba sabWos.
minesotas axali ambebis sabWo 25 wevrisagan Sedgeba. aqedan 12 mediis da 12 sazogadoebis warmomadgenelia, 25-e _ Tavmjdomare ki Statis uzenaesi
sasamarTlos yofili wevri unda iyos, romelsac
mosmenebis gamarTvis gamocdileba gaaCnia. Tumca,
am ukanasknels xmis ufleba ara aqvs. sabWos wevrebs
3 wlis vadiT irCevs specialuri komiteti da amtkicebs sabWo. samwliani vada SesaZloa, gagrZeldes kidev sami wliT, komitetis gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze.
sajaro mosmenebis garda, sabWo saganmanaTleblo saqmianobasac eweva: awyobs sajaro forumebs;
weliwadSi orjer gamoscems Jurnals da amzadebs
yovelTviur satelevizio programas sakabelo telearxisaTvis; atarebs seminarebs sainformacio
saSualebebisTvis, rogor dasZlion is lafsusebi,
romlebic saCivrebis safuZveli xdeba; awyobs imitirebul mosmenebs, sadac sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi da skolis moswavleebi sabWos wevrebis
rolSi gamodian.

10

1. arCevnebis gaSuqeba

marsia elandi `iden preria nius~-is winaaRmdeg

saCivari: marsia elandi kenWs iyrida, rogorc demokrati kandidati
minesotas warmomadgenelTa palataSi 43A olqidan. misi metoqe respublikeli tom uorkmani iyo. elandma icoda, rom olqis mosaxleobis didi
nawili respublikelebs uWerda mxars da mas TiTqmis ar hqonda gamarjvebis Sansi, Tumca respublikeli kandidatis oponireba mniSvnelovnad
miaCnda, raTa saarCevno kampaniis dros amomrCevelTa yuradRebis fokusireba mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze moexdina. man arCevnebi waago.
elandma iden preria niusis mier winasaarCevno kampaniis tendenciurad gaSuqebis gamo sabWoSi saCivari Seitana.
`me ar movsulvar aq mxolod erTi incidentis gamo. aramed imitom,
rom vfiqrob, saarCevno kampaniis gaSuqeba zogadad problemad iqca~,
_ ganacxada momCivanma. kandidati Tvlida, rom gazeTma mas Segnebulad
SeuSala xeli, roca arCevnebis win, bolo nomerSi ar gauSva araviTari
informacia masze, maSin, rodesac imavdroulad aSkarad dauWira mxari
mis oponents.
1. werilebi: gazeTma ar gamoaqveyna elandis mxardasaWeri ori
`werili redaqtors~ da arc Tavad kandidatis werili. amis mizezad
redaqciam is garemoeba daasaxela, rom werilebis avtorebi iden
preriaSi ar cxovrobdnen, Tumca momCivanis mtkicebiT, adre
gazeTSi araadgilobriv mxardamWerTa werilebic qveyndeboda.
2. mxardaWera: gazeTma mxari dauWira mis oponents ise, rom misgan
(elandisagan) interviuc ki ar auRia.
3. reklama: gazeTma ar gamoaqveyna momCivanis reklama bolo nomerSi,
romlis safasuric mas gadaxdili hqonda. elandis oponentis
reklama ki imave nomerSi daibeWda.
sabWom uari ganacxada reklamis ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT saCivris mosmenaze, radgan orive mxares kargad esmoda, rom reklamis gamouqveynebloba teqnikuri Secdoma iyo. sabWom yuradReba elandis pirvel
or saCivarze gaamaxvila.
gazeTis pasuxi: gazeTma elandis mxardamWerebis bolo ori werilis

11

gamouqveynebloba axsna imiT, rom werilebi adgilobriv mcxovreblebs

ar ekuTvnodaT. redaqtoris TqmiT, saerTo jamSi gazeTma elandis mxardamWerebs gacilebiT meti werili gamouqveyna, vidre mis oponents. rac
Seexeba intervius, gazeTis warmomadgenlebma ganacxades, rom maT mxardasaWeri interviuebis momzadebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi aqvT da
ar CaTvales masTan intervius Cawera savaldebulod, radganac ukve
flobdnen informacias kandidatebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva wyaroebidan.
ganxilva: sabWo dainteresda, hqonia Tu ara rodesme gazeTs wayenebuli braldeba mikerZoebulobasa an araobieqturobaSi? redaqtoris
TqmiT, gazeTs aseTi braldebiT arc erTi werili ar miuRia. kiTxvaze,
gamoaqveyna Tu ara gazeTma sakuTari saredaqcio politika, romelic
rubrikaSi `werilebi redaqtors~ masalebis miRebisa da gamoqveynebis
wess gansazRvravs, redaqtorma uaryofiTi pasuxi gasca, Tumca Tqva, rom
momavali arCevnebisaTvis gazeTi aseTi politikis SemuSavebas apirebda.
man aseve aRniSna, rom uSualod arCevnebis win gazeTs xSirad ar hyofnida
sagazeTo farTi redaqciaSi Semosuli yvela werilis gamosaqveyneblad.
amitomac masalebis SerCevis dros isini upiratesobas adgilobrivi
moqalaqeebis werilebs aniWeben.
rac Seexeba gazeTis mxardaWeras, sabWos wevris kiTxvaze, mwiri SesaZleblobebis pirobebSi, ratom aqveynebda gazeTi ama Tu im kandidatis
mxardasaWer masalebs, redaqtorma upasuxa, rom isini amas sakuTar
movaleobad Tvlian. `gazeTma SesZlo informaciis mopoveba da Tvlis,
rom es informacia saSualo amomrCevlisaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia, _
ganacxada man, _ aqedan gamomdinare, Cven Cvens Tavs sakmarisad kvalificiurad da kompetenturad miviCnevT, raTa mkiTxvels rekomendaciebi SevTavazoT.~ gazeTis redaqtoris mark veberis TqmiT, is adre
esaubra elands da sxva gazeTSi waikiTxa misi interviu, sadac kandidatma
xazi ar gausva transportis sakiTxs da ZiriTadi aqcenti ganaTlebaze
gadaitana. iden preria niuss elandTan interviu ar auRia, Tumca, rogorc
veberi acxadebs, arc Tavad kandidats ucdia redaqtorTan dakavSireba.
elands hkiTxes, miawoda Tu ara man sakuTari politikuri Sexedulebebis amsaxveli masalebi redaqcias, razedac elandma upasuxa, rom redaqtors weriliT mimarTa, magram saarCevno kampaniis masalebi ar gaugzavnia,
radgan elodeboda satelefono zars gazeTidan intervius Taobaze.
gadawyvetileba: vrceli diskusiis Semdeg sabWom ganacxada, rom sasurveli iqneboda, gazeTs mkacrad gansazRvruli wesebi SemoeRo, romlebic rubrikaSi `werilebi redaqtors~ masalebis miReba-ganTavsebis
sakiTxebs daaregulirebda. amasTanave aRiniSna isic, rom gaSuqebis procesSi orive mxarem iniciativis nakleboba gamoamJRavna. momCivans SeeZlo, meti masala miewodebina gazeTisaTvis, Tumca gazeTsac SeeZlo interviu aeRo kandidatisgan.

12

arCevnebis gaSuqeba

sabWos erT-erTi wevri ar daeTanxma saerTo ganwyobas da ganacxada,

rom rodesac saubari saredaqcio masalas exeba, `gazeTis saqmea, iyos
`mikerZoebuli~ politikuri gagebiT. swored amitomaa, rom jer kidev
arsebobs gazeTi iseTi saxelwodebiT, rogoricaa `Red Wing Republican Eagle~ (wiTelfrTiani respublikeli arwivi). es aris is, rasac gazeTebi istoriulad akeTebdnen. isini yovelTvis gamoxatavdnen mosaxleobis garkveuli segmentis xmas.~
kenWisyra: kiTxvaze, iyo Tu ara iden preria niusi usamarTlo marsia
elandis mimarT, sabWom 19 xmiT 3-is winaaRmdeg sarCeli ar daakmayofila.
19 agvisto, 1999

den riva `nordvest niusis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: bruklin centr sitis sabWos deputatobis kandidatis, den
rivas saCivari gazeT nordvest niusSi arCevnebis wina dRes gamoqveynebul
werils Seexeboda, romelic amomrCevelTa SecdomaSi Seyvanas isaxavda
miznad, roca amtkicebda, rom is (riva) aTeisti iyo. momCivanis azriT,
mTeli publikaciis toni mikerZoebuli da tendenciuri iyo. misi saarCevno Stabis ufrosis sapasuxo werils axlda redaqtoris minaweri, romelic momCivanis SefasebiT, `mtrulad ganwyobili~ iyo. oponentTa
werilebTan SedarebiT, rivas da misi momxreebis werilebis simwire, momCivanis azriT, gazeTis aSkara calmxrivobaze miuTiTebda. miuxedavad
imisa, rom redaqtors Seatyobines, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli informacia faqtobriv uzustobebs Seicavda, redaqcias ar gamouqveynebia
mcdari informaciis Sesworeba.
den riva bruklin centris qalaqis sabWoSi iyrida kenWs 1992 wlis
arCevnebze. igi winaswar arCevnebSi monawileobda, Tumca ZiriTad arCevnebSi damarcxda.
rivas winaaRmdeg mimarTul werilSi bruklin centris yofili meri
din nikvisti ambobda: `1989 wlis maisSi sami adamiani, romelTagan ori
cnobili aTeistia, Riad moiTxovda sabWos krebebis win locvis akrZalvas. erT-erTi maTgani axla sabWoSi iyris kenWs.~
riva, romelic aRmsareblobiT kaTolikea, marTlac iyo am locvebis
winaaRmdegi, magram amis mizezi iyo is, rom imJamindelma merma es procedura mxolod sakuTari religiiT Semofargla. mas Semdeg, rac meri
gadadga, locvebi mravalferovani (gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobebisTvis)
gaxda, risi sawinaaRmdegoc rivas araferi hqonda. misi mtkicebiT, gazeTma icoda, rom is aTeisti ar iyo da mainc gamoaqveyna xsenebuli werili.

13

publikaciis Sedegad ki, rivas saarCevno kampaniis warmomadgenlebs xalxi

cxvirwin kars ujaxunebda, radgan aTeistisTvis xmis micema ar surda.
garda amisa, werili uSualod arCevnebis win, bolo momentSi axal sakamaTo sakiTxs wamoWrida da mas pasuxisaTvis saTanado dro ar rCeboda.
gazeTis pasuxi: redaqtorma roqsana benjaminma aRiara, rom werili
bundovani iyo da mcdari interpretaciis saSualebas iZleoda, magram amasTanave dasZina, rom winaswar da ZiriTad arCevnebs Soris man gamoaqveyna
rivas werili, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom is (riva) qristiani iyo. redaqtorma ar gaiziara braldeba, rom nikvistis werili axal problematikas
wamoWrida, radgan Tema 1989 wlis disputs ukavSirdeboda. rac Seexeba
saCivars redaqtoris `mtrul minawerze~, redaqciis azriT, werili uSualod gazeTisadmi iyo mimarTuli da redaqtorisagan pasuxs moiTxovda.
gadawyvetileba:
sarCeli 1. sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars, romelic uSualod arCevnebis win iseTi publikaciebis gamoqveynebis usamarTlo praqtikas aprotestebda, romelsac SecdomaSi Sehyavs mkiTxveli. `vinmesaTvis aTeistobis dabraleba regionSi, sadac religiuri sakiTxebi isedac mgrZnobiare da sakamaTo Temaa, seriozuli problemaa,~ _ aRniSna sabWos
erT-erTma wevrma. man urCia gamomcemels, gamoecxadebina werilebTan
dakavSirebuli politika da ar daebeWda Tavdasxmebi kandidatebze, roca
maT realurad sapasuxo dro aRar rCebodaT.
sarCeli 2. braldebas saarCevno kampaniis mikerZoebul gaSuqebaze
sabWom mxari ar dauWira, radganac miiCnia, rom gazeTi yovelmxriv Seecada arsebuli dapirispirebis dabalansebas.
12 Tebervali, 1993

reimond ploeci `serquleiTing fainsis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 1988 wlis Semodgomaze ploeci kenWs iyrida kongresSi. saarCevno literaturaSi ploecma gamoaqveyna informacia misi samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, sadac miTiTebuli iyo, rom SeiaraRebul ZalebSi samsaxuris dros is aswavlida `ganiaraRebasa da kontrdazvervas~; aseve muSaobda saxelmwifo departamentSi `afrikaSi aSS-s saelCoebis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze~ da rogorc `eqspert-konsultanti kontr-terorizmis sakiTxebze~. 3 noembris serquleiTing fainsis saredaqcio masalaSi gazeTma mxari dauWira ploecis oponents. `jaSuSebi xrikebisa da
SeTqmulebebis didostatebi arian da demokratiuli sazogadoebis
samsaxurSi ar gamodgebian~, _ naTqvami iyo statiaSi. miuxedavad imisa,

14

arCevnebis gaSuqeba

rom xsenebuli fraza saredaqcio masalaSi gavida, ploeci aprotestebda

mis jaSuSad moxseniebas.
sabWos mouwia pasuxis gacema SekiTxvaze _ arRvevda Tu ara gazeTi
momCivanis `jaSuSad~ moxseniebiT samarTlianobisa da sizustis Jurnalistur standartebs?
ganxilva: diskusiis dros ploecma ganacxada, rom mis samuSaos kontrdazvervaSi araferi hqonda saerTo `jaSuSobasTan~. man aseve ganmarta sxvaoba jaSuSebsa da kontrdazvervas Soris, risTvisac saTanado leqsikonic daimowma.
meores mxriv, redaqtorma aRniSna, rom, misi azriT, `kontrdazverva~
mxolod evfemizmia jaSuSobisa da SpionaJis aRsaniSnavad. man dasZina,
rom samxedro dazverva da mtris dazvervisaTvis obstruqciis Seqmna xSirad swored `jaSuSobiT~ xdeba, rac saidumlo informaciis mopovebas
niSnavs. argumentaciis dros redaqtormac ori leqsikoni moiSvelia.
cxadia, mxolod leqsikonebidan citirebis safuZvelze davis gadawyveta
SeuZlebelia. saqme isaa, Tu rogor gaigo mkiTxvelma ploecis saagitacio
literaturaSi naxsenebi `kontrdazverva da kontrterorizmi~. adamianebi
am terminebis Sefasebisas dRevandel kulturul konteqsts eyrdnobian,
romelSic mravladaa kinofilmebi, romanebi, axali ambebis media, romlebic
aRweren an gviamboben terorizmis aqtebze, intrigebsa da SpionaJze.
is gamonaTqvami, romelic saCivris safuZvlad iqca, gamoqveynda saredaqcio masalaSi da ara axal ambebSi. saredaqcio statia is gzaa, romliTac gazeTs SeuZlia gamoxatos sakuTari individualoba da pozicia.
mkiTxvels esmis, rom saredaqcio masala aris ara faqtebze dafuZnebuli
reportaJi, aramed piradi komentari faqtebze. Tumca imdenad, ramdenadac redaqtoris azri faqtebzea damokidebuli, es faqtebi zusti da samarTliani unda iyos.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, bevri mkiTxveli, rogorc wesi, terminebs
`kontrdazverva~ da `kontrterorizmi~ jaSuSobas ukavSirebs. amdenad, sabWom CaTvala, rom gazeTis mier sityva `jaSuSis~ gamoyeneba saredaqcio komentaris CarCoebSi Tavsdeboda da saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
statiaSi gakeTebuli daskvna, rom faqtobrivad ploeci faruli aralegaluri saqmianobiT iyo dakavebuli, sinamdviles ar Seesabameboda. faqtebis gadamowmeba ki, sabWos azriT, Tavidan aacilebda gazeTs am gaugebrobas. meores mxriv, ploecma Tavad gadawyvita saagitacio masalebSi
iseTi Tematikis gamoyeneba, romelmac sadavo interpretacia gamoiwvia.
swored am literaturis safuZvelze daiwera saredaqcio masala.
28 seqtemberi, 1989

15

2. sareklamo politika

lari blahovici
`faifsToun qaunTi sTaris~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: faifsToun siTis qalaqis sabWos deputatobis kandidatma
lari blahovicma sabWos mimarTa da ganacxada, rom faifsToun qaunTi
sTari mas usamarTlod da diskriminaciulad moeqca, rodesac arCevnebis
wina dRes gamosul nomerSi mas sareklamo farTobi ar dauTmo. es maSin,
roca misi konkurentis reklama swored am dRes gamoqveynda aRniSnul
gazeTSi.
rodesac blahovicma scada gverdis meoTxedi zomis Tavisi saarCevno
reklamis ganTavseba faifsToun qaunTi sTarSi, mas uTxres, rom minesotas
Statis kanoni ukrZalavda gazeTs aseTi reklamis ganTavsebas im nomrebSi, romlebic savaraudod arCevnebis dRes unda gavrcelebuliyo. redaqtorma blahovics ganucxada, rom nomerSi ar daibeWdeboda araviTari
politikuri reklama, Tumca lari blahovicis erT-erTi konkurentis SedarebiT mcire zomis reklama gazeTSi meore dRes mainc gamoCnda. arCevnebi arc erT kandidats ar mougia.
gazeTis pasuxi: redaqtorma blahovicis meuRles, mogvianebiT ki sabWos
auxsna, rom konkurenti kandidatis reklamis gamoCenis mizezi gazeTis im
TanamSromlebis Secdoma iyo, romlebic kargad ar icnobdnen gazeTis
sareklamo politikas. misi TqmiT, es ar momxdara motivirebuli politikuri mizanSewonilobiT da rom mizezi ufro saredaqcio uwesrigoba
iyo. redaqtorma wuxili gamoTqva uneblie diskriminaciis gamo. bodiSis
Semdeg momCivanma gadawyvita saqmisaTvis Semdgomi msvleloba aRar mieca.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom mxari dauWira sarCels.
motivacia: aRniSnuli saCivari migviTiTebs imaze, rom aucilebelia
yvela gazeTma SeimuSaos gansazRvruli wesebi, romelic politikuri
reklamis gamoqveynebis sakiTxebs daaregulirebs, raTa yvela kandidati
samarTlian da Tanaswor pirobebSi aRmoCndes. msgavsi gaugebrobebis
Tavidan asacileblad, gazeTma miRebuli wesebi unda gaacnos yvela
TanamSromels da Tu SesaZlebelia, kandidatebsa da maTi saarCevno
kampaniis komitetebs.

16

sareklamo politika

sabWom agreTve aRniSna minesotas Statis kanonis 211.15 muxlis arakonstituciuroba. es kanoni krZalavs politikuri reklamis warmoebas
arCevnebis dRes, Tumca es problema ara sabWos, aramed sasamarTlos gadasawyvetia. problemis gadaWris mizniT, SesaZloa, marTebuli iyos, rom
gazeTma Seqmnas kanonis gasaCivrebis precedenti.
gansxvavebuli azri: sabWo marTalia, rodesac gmobs Statis kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul araswor politikas, romelic arCevnebis dRes reklamas
krZalavs. magram aseve unda daigmos is calkeuli, kerZo wesebi, romliTac umravlesoba politikuri reklamis Sinaarsis ugulebelyofas axdens, radgan es wesebi iseTive warmatebiT zRudavs politikur Tavisuflebas, rogorc oficialuri qmedebebi.
4 aprili, 1973

edvard tekauci
`CiSolm fri pres-tribun presis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: tekauci 1984 wels msaxurobda CiSolmis qalaqis sakrebuloSi. 1986 wlis sakrebulos arCevnebSi ki is 54 xmiT daamarcxa misma
konkurentma. axali ambebis sabWos man Tavdapirvelad 1986 wlis 18 noembers mimarTa, saqmes msvleloba ki 1987 wlis 11 marts misca. 1987 wlis
Semodgomaze saCivari ar ganxilula Tavad momCivanis Txovnis safuZvelze, radgan igi kvlav iyrida kenWs qalaqis sakrebuloSi. am arCevnebze man gaimarjva.
roca tekauci 1986 wlis arCevnebSi TiTqmis damarcxebuli iyo, CiSolm
fri pres-tribun presma dabeWda misi oponentis rendio Sroeteris reklama da deiv endriusis poziciis amsaxveli Ria werili. momCivanis gancxadebiT, orive publikaciaSi arasworad iyo asaxuli 1984 wlis kenWisyris
Sedegebi. reklamaca da Tvalsazrisic gazeTSi uSualod arCevnebis win
gamoqveynda, ris gamoc momCivans ar mieca SesaZlebloba, arCevnebamde
gaeca pasuxi oponentebisaTvis (gazeTi kviraSi orjer _ samSabaTsa da
xuTSabaTs gamodis).
tekauci asaCivrebda imas, rom reklamaca da werilic damaxinjebulad
warmoaCenda mis reitings da im garemoebas, rom publikaciebis uSualod
arCevnebis win gamoqveynebiT mas ar mieca arCevnebamde pasuxis gacemis
SesaZlebloba. sabWom yuradReba gaamaxvila Sroeteris mier gazeTSi ganTavsebul reklamaze, romelic misi konkurentis, tekaucis winaaRmdeg
iyo mimarTuli:

17

3
3
3
3
3
3

3
3

man xma misca AEOA-s avtobusis momsaxurebis winaaRmdeg.

man xma misca CiSulmis saswrafo daxmarebis kontraqtis
winaaRmdeg.
man xma misca kvira dRes alkoholuri sasmelis gayidvis
winaaRmdeg.
man xma misca seminaris winaaRmdeg, saxelwodebiT
`ufleba, icode~.
man xma misca IRRRB-is proeqtebis winaaRmdeg.
man xma misca Tanxebis mozidvisa da sazogadoebrivi
usafrTxoebis departamentisaTvis policiis manqanebis SeZenis
winaaRmdeg.
man xma misca qalaqis avtosadgomisaTvis axali amwis SeZenis
winaaRmdeg.
man xma misca dabegvris politikis winaaRmdeg.
ar gvinda ukan svla _ viaroT win!
rendi Sroeteri
Tqveni warmomadgeneli saTaTbiroSi.
madloba mxardaWerisaTvis.

saredaqcio minaweri:
`xarjebi dafarulia Tavad kandidatis mier.~
ganxilva: gazeTs arc erTi kandidatisaTvis mxari ar dauWeria da momCivanis pozicia aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT reklamis gamoqveynebamde ar yofila zogadad gazeTis axali ambebis Tema.
momCivanma sabWos ganucxada, rom rodesac man moaTavsa Tavisi reklama
imave gazeTSi, gamomcemelma eWvis qveS daayena tekaucis gancxadeba imis
Taobaze, rom misi oponenti `yovelTvis uWerda mxars gadasaxadebis
da mosakreblebis zrdas~ da sapasuxod reklamidan amoagdo sityva
`yovelTvis~. tekaucis mtkicebiT, igi ar Caayenes saqmis kursSi oponentis reklamis Taobaze da rom misi metoqisaTvis namdvilad ar uTxoviaT
sareklamo gancxadebebis sizustis damtkiceba ise, rogorc es momCivanis
SemTxvevaSi moxda.
sabWos Tavmjdomaris miTiTebiT, aRmasrulebeli direqtori CiSolmSi gazeTis gamomcemels, momCivansa da arCevnebSi mis metoqes Sexvda da
sadavo reklamis Taobaze esaubra. man aseve Seamowma xmis micemis amsaxveli Canawerebi CiSolm siTis sakrebulos krebebis oficialur oqmebSi.
sakiTxis Seswavlis Semdeg sabWom daadgina, rom cxra SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iyo xmis micemis Sedegebis sxvadasxvagvari interpretacia anu
reklamis Sinaarsi, SesaZloa, sworic yofiliyo da arasworic. magaliTad,

18

sareklamo politika

avtobusebis servisis proeqtis SemTxvevaSi, tekaucma sakiTxs mxari

dauWira: man xma misca $3000-is subsidiis gamoyofas aRniSnuli
proeqtisaTvis, rodesac moTxovna $6300-ze arsebobda. gamomcemelica
da oponentic am Jests sawinaaRmdegod micemul xmad miiCnevdnen, radgan proeqtis amuSaveba sruli subsidirebis gareSe SeuZleblad miaCndaT,
miuxedavad imisa, rom mogvianebiT tekaucma subsidiis $6300-mde gazrdas
mainc dauWira mxari.
araerTgvarovani interpretaciis saSualebas iZleoda seminarTan
(`ufleba, icode~) dakavSirebuli kenWisyris Sedegebi: tekaucma mxari
dauWira seminaris Catarebas eveleTSi da winaaRmdegi misca xma sentpolis SemTxvevaSi. maSin, rodesac tekaucma mxari dauWira IRRRB-is
(rkinis resursebisa da reabilitaciis komitetis) proeqtebis umetesobas
da xma mxolod erTi proeqtis winaaRmdeg misca. araswori iyo, rom man
mxari ar dauWira policiisaTvis axali manqanebis SesaZenad Tanxebis
mozidvas. oqmebi adasturebs, rom Tavad manqanebis SeZenas tekaucma mxari
dauWira, Tumca gamovida Zveli manqanebis gayidvis winaaRmdeg (radganac
manqanebis meddebisaTvis datoveba hqonda ganzraxuli). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom Zveli manqanebis gayidva axlebis SeZenis piroba iyo, misi
pozicia interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva.
sabWom ganixila tekaucis pozicia reklamis gazeTSi ganTavsebis
drosTan dakavSirebiT. sabWoze adrec ganxilula saCivrebi, romlebic
politikuri reklamis winasaarCevno kampaniis bolo momentSi ganTavsebas
ukavSirdeboda da sabWo aRiarebs, rom es problematuri sakiTxia, rogorc gamomcemlebisaTvis, aseve kandidatebisTvisac. aseTi reklama seriozul gavlenas axdens reputaciaze, xolo Tu is uSualod arCevnebis
win qveyndeba da romelime mxares uaryofis saSualeba ar eZleva, gavlenas
axdens arCevnebis Sedegebzec. misasalmebeli iqneba, Tu gamomcemlebi
SeimuSaveben konkretul politikas, Tu rogor unda moiqcnen, roca saarCevno kampaniebis procesSi vadebTan dakavSirebuli msgavsi problemebi
iCens Tavs. am SemTxvevebSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis pasuxis gasacemad drois SeTavazeba, radganac sapasuxo publikaciaSi SesaZlebeli iqneboda kamaTi imis Sesaxeb, rom reklamaSi dasaxelebuli faqtebi, saxeldobr, kenWisyrisas sakiTxis winaaRmdeg micemuli xma, sinamdvileSi mxardasaWer xmas niSnavda. zogierTi
gazeTi am problemas Taviseburad wyvets: nebas ar aZlevs redaqtorebs
iseTi politikuri statiebi an reklamebi gamoaqveynon, romlebic axal
sakiTxebs iseT eqstremalur momentSi wamoWrian, rodesac oponents gamoxmaurebis saSualeba aRar rCeba. gazeTebi afrTxileben damkveTebs,
rom uSualod arCevnebis win reklamas miiReben mxolod im pirobiT, Tu
gazeTi aRniSnul sareklamo masalas oponents aCvenebs da am ukanasknels
imave nomerSi pasuxis ganTavsebis SesaZleblobas SesTavazebs.

19

gadawyvetileba: sabWos azriT, reklamis, iseve rogorc Ria werilis

sizuste erTgvar eWvs iwvevda, Tumca uzustobasTan dakavSirebuli
braldeba sabWom ar daakmayofila da mxari dauWira saCivars im nawilSi,
rom usamarTlo iyo amgvari masalebis gamoqveyneba iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac meore mxares aRar rCeboda saTanado dro pasuxis gasacemad.
18 marti, 1988

jim hoezes saarCevno komiteti

`vakonia patriotis~, `norvud Taimsis~ da
`qarver qaunTi niusis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: pretenzia vakonia patriotis, norvud Taimsis da qarver qaunTi
niusis winaaRmdeg 1984 wlis saarCevno kampaniis dros (35B olqidan Statis
warmomadgenels irCevdnen) axali ambebis gaSuqebas exeboda. q.j. makdonaldsa
da momCivan jim hoezes Soris daZabul saarCevno brZolaSi makdonaldsma
gaimarjva. leiboristuli partiis kandidatis jim hoezes saarCevno
komitetma sabWos sami gazeTis winaaRmdeg ramdenime pretenzia wauyena:
3 aRniSnul gazeTebSi hoezes politikuri reklamebi mudmivad
aramomgebian adgilebze iyo ganTavsebuli, rac mis mimarT
sainformacio saSualebaTa tendenciur damokidebulebas
adasturebda;
3 hoezes mxardamWeris werili redaqtoris saxelze arasaTanadod
iyo redaqtirebuli, ris Sedegadac arasworad moxda misi citireba.
3 saredaqcio TvalsazrisSi, romelic 1984 wlis 1 noembers
gamoqveynda, ise gaakritikes hoezes saarCevno broSura, rom am
ukanasknelis momxreebs kritikaze pasuxis saSualeba ar miecaT;
3 gazeTebma aseve uari Tqves, gamoeqveynebinaT hoezes mxardamWeris
werilebi redaqtoris saxelze, romlebSic mas makdonaldis
saarCevno reklamebSi gamoTqmuli braldebebis uaryofis
saSualeba eqneboda.
35B olqis specifikidan gamomdinare, partiebs miaCndaT, rom yvelaze
Rirebuli saSualeba politikuri reklamis gansaTavseblad gazeTi iyo.
regionSi oTxi gazeTi gamodioda, maTgan samive, romelic saqmeSi mopasuxed gamodioda, gamomcemel jeims d. berets ekuTvnoda da TiToeuls
sakuTari redaqtori hyavda.
reklamis ganTavseba: hoezes komitetis wevrebi acxadebdnen, rom
maTi reklama gazeTSi sistematurad bolo gverdebze qveyndeboda, xolo
makdonaldisa pirvel, an wina gverdebze.

20

sareklamo politika

samive gazeTis redaqtoris monacemebiT ki, makdonaldis saarCevno

komitetma saerTo jamSi meti reklama ganaTavsa, vidre hoezes komitetma.
zogierT nomerSi hoezes reklama saerTod ar dabeWdila, xolo sakiTxi
imis Sesaxeb, Tu romel gverdze umjobesia reklamis ganTavseba _ winaze
Tu boloze, redaqtorebma sadavod miiCnies.
Sejamebis Sedegad gairkva, rom im 19 nomridan, romlebSic reklama
iyo ganTavsebuli 9 nomerSi hoezes reklama makdonaldisaze win iyo moTavsebuli, 2-Si orive kandidatis reklama _ Sua, xolo 8 nomerSi makdonaldis reklama _ wina gverdebze iyo ganTavsebuli. zogierTSi ki hoezes
Stabma saerTod ar ganaTavsa reklama. sabWo ver ityvis, rom romelime
SemTxvevaSi mikerZoebas hqonda adgili da verc imas, rom saxezea ori
kandidatidan erT-erTis reklamis momgebiani ganTavsebis raime konkretuli magaliTi an zogadi tendencia.
damatebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos isic, rom hoezes reklama Cveulebriv igzavneboda qarver qaunTi heraldSi (romelic ar ekuTvnis berets da sxva
qalaqSi mdebareobs) da iqve mzaddeboda. Semdeg ki urTierTgacvlis SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, xsenebul sam gazeTSi igzavneboda. vakonia patriotis redaqciaSi Setyobineba reklamis ganTavsebis Sesaxeb aRwevda, magram
informacia misi Sinaarsisa da zomebis Sesaxeb xSirad igvianebda, rac
gazeTis maketze muSaobasTan dakavSirebul problemebs qmnida da zogjer
ama Tu im nomerSi reklamis ganTavsebis adgilzec moqmedebda. makdonaldis
reklamebi ki imave qalaqSi da kerZod, gazeT vakonia patriotSi mzaddeboda.
saCivari reklamebis tendenciurad ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebiT sabWom ar gaiziara.
arasworad redaqtirebuli werili: joel kamerudma hoezes mxardasaWerad redaqciaSi oTxi punqtisgan Semdgari werili waradgina. qarver qaunTi niusma gamoaqveyna erTparagrafiani werili, romelic kandidatisadmi ubralod zogad mxardaWeras gamoxatavda. es ori werili arsebiTad gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan da amdenad, xsenebuli erTparagrafiani werili ver CaiTvleboda pirveli werilis redaqtirebul variantad. sainteresoa, xom ar dawera joel kamerudma, romelsac sabWosTvis
Cveneba ar miucia, ori sxvadasxva werili, an raime gaugebrobas xom ar
hqonda adgili? gazeTebi redaqtirebis faqts uaryofdnen, xolo axali
ambebis sabWos ar hqonda sakmarisi informacia imisaTvis, rom xsenebuli
saCivris safuZvelze daskvna gamoetana.
momCivanma ganacxada, rom adgili hqonda hoezes saarCevno komitetis
Tavmjdomaris araswor citirebas. informaciis avtorma gadaamowma Canawerebi da ganacxada, rom masala zustad asaxavda naTqvamis Sinaarss. sabWom Sewyvita disputi da uaryo braldeba araswor redaqtirebasa da
mcdar citirebasTan dakavSirebiT.
redaqtoris sveti: gazeTebis gamomcemlisa da erT-erTi kandidatis

21

makdonaldis xangrZlivi megobrobis gamo, beretis gazeTebis TanamSromlebisTvis winasaarCevno kampaniis dawyebamdec ki mtkivneuli Tema iyo
tendenciurobasTan dakavSirebiT mosalodneli braldebebi. Sedegad gamomcemelma da redaqtorebma winaswar SeimuSaves politika, romlis Tanaxmadac, uars acxadebdnen arCevnebSi romelime konkretuli kandidatis
mxardaWeraze. gazeTebma gaakeTes gancxadeba, rom yvela Rones ixmardnen
kampaniis samarTlianad gasaSuqeblad. TavisTavad sasiamovno iyo is faqti, rom hoezes komitetidan ar yofila seriozuli saCivari mimdinare
kampaniis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT, garda erTisa, romelic arazust
citirebas Seexeboda. miuxedavad amisa, arCevnebis wina dRes vakonia
patriotSi daibeWda saredaqcio statia, romelic hoezes axal saarCevno
broSuras akritikebda. hoezes komitetis wevrebma broSuraSi oTxi wlis
winandeli citata gamoiyenes vakonia presis statiidan, romelSic makdonaldi iyo gakritikebuli, raTa SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba, rom gazeTi
im dros makdonaldis winaaRmdeg iyo ganwyobili. beretis gazeTebma pasuxi gasces hoezes momxreebis broSuras im mizniT, rom mcdari STabeWdileba gaeneitralebinaT, Tumca arc am SemTxvevaSi dauWeriaT mxari makdonaldisaTvis, aramed gamoaqveynes mxolod Sesworeba.
amdenad, sabWom braldeba saredaqcio werilTan dakavSirebiTac uaryo.
werilis dabeWdvaze uari: 1984 wlis 25 oqtombers makdonaldis momxreebma gamoaqveynes reklama, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom makdonalds
maRali reitingi hqonda fermerTa kavSirSi. hoezes momxreebma moipoves
fermerTa kavSiris warmomadgenlis uilis ekenis werili, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom makdonaldis reitingi fermerTa kavSirSi Zalian dabali
iyo da moiTxoves am masalis, rogorc redaqtorisadmi werilis, gamoqveyneba, razedac uari miiRes, im mosazrebiT, rom es iqneboda axali Tematikis saarCevno kampaniis bolo wuTebSi wamoWra. SesaZlebeli iyo hoezes
komitets makdonaldis politikur reklamaze reklamiTve epasuxa, magram
maT redaqtoris svetSi werilis gamoqveyneba amjobines. sabWos azriT,
ekenis werili unda gamoqveynebuliyo. is ar xsnida polemikas bolo
momentSi, aramed pasuxs scemda sakiTxs, romelic makdonaldis komitetma
adre wamoWra.
sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars ekenis werilTan dakavSirebiT.
gansxvavebuli azri: sabWos sami wevri ar daeTanxma umravlesobis
gadawyvetilebas qarver qaunTi niusTan mimarTebaSi. maTi azriT, gazeTi
aSkara tendenciurobas iCenda makdonaldis reklamebis pirvel gverdze,
xolo hoezes bolo gverdebze ganTavsebis mxriv. makdonaldis reklama
bolo gverdze mxolod im kvireebSi ibeWdeboda, rodesac hoeze reklamas
saerTod ar aTavsebda gazeTSi.
kandidatebi iseT regionebSi, rogorsac qarver qaunTi niusi emsaxureba, TiTqmis mTlianad arian damokidebuli adgilobriv gazeTebze, raTa

22

sareklamo politika

xma miawvdinon sakuTar amomrCevels. amitom gamomcemlebma unda aamoqmedon procedurebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen samarTlianobis dacvas
ara mxolod politikuri kampaniebis gaSuqebisas, aramed mkiTxvelisTvis
gazeTis xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiTa da reklamisaTvis adgilis
SerCevis mxrivac. aseTi damatebiTi Zalisxmeva uzrunvelyofs, rom gazeTi sazogadoebam aRiaros, rogorc samarTliani da miukerZoebeli Suamavali, rasac sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis.
11 oqtomberi, 1985

jon meinersi `delano iglis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: jon meinersi, romelic delano siTis municipaluri sabWos
daniSnuli wevri iyo, kenWs iyrida am Tanamdebobaze 1984 wlis 6 noembris
arCevnebze. arCevnebamde rva dRiT adre, 29 oqtombers, adgilobriv gazeT delano iglSi daibeWda Semdegi Sinaarsis politikuri reklama:
`delanos amomrCevlebo!
kargad gaiazreT, vis miscemT xmas momaval arCevnebze. gaxsovdeT,
rom meinersi iyo qalaqis saTaTbiros erTaderTi moqmedi wevri, romelic Tanmimdevrulad aZlevda xmas TiTqmis yvela oficialuri winadadebis winaaRmdeg, raTa delanoSi boulingis axali centri aSenebuliyo. delanos sWirdeba progresi da ara brma negativizmi. airCieT
is, visac delanos momavalze guli Sestkiva. jonis pozicia sazogadoebisaTvis cnobilia!..~
saredaqcio minaweri: `gadaxdilia klaid k. uodelis mier~.
gazeTis Semdeg nomerSi gamoCnda kidev ufro vrceli reklama, romelic kvlav klaid k. uodelis mier iyo dafinansebuli. masSi vkiTxulobT,
`Cemi gancxadebebi, romlebic gasuli kviris iglSi gamoqveynda yalbia da simarTles ar Seesabameba~. Semdgom igi uaryofda sakuTar gancxadebebs da bodiSs uxdida meinerss. uaryofis teqsti meinerss akmayofilebda da aSkara iyo, rom teqstis formulirebac mas ekuTvnoda. faqtobrivad, im masalebis mixedviT, rac meinersma sabWos warudgina, gamodioda,
rom mas ar miucia xma boulingis mSeneblobis sawinaaRmdegod, aramed
mxari dauWira proeqts.
meinersi gazeTs 29 oqtombris reklamis gamoqveynebis gamo adanaSaulebda da moiTxovda, redaqcias sajarod eRiarebina danaSauli da moexada bodiSi. uodeli, romelmac 29 oqtombris yalbi gancxadeba gaavrcela, boulingis proeqtis erT-erTi mesakuTre iyo da arc arCevnebSi
iyrida kenWs da arc romelime kandidatis mxardamWeri yofila. cxadia,

23

rom reklamis ganTavsebisas mas piradi miznebi amoZravebda. momCivanis

gancxadebiT, delano igls unda scodnoda, rom reklama araswor informacias Seicavda, radgan gazeTis korespondenti saTaTbiros yvela sxdomas aSuqebda da oqmebsac aqveynebda. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, momCivanis
azriT, gazeTs unda gadaemowmebina faqtebi an Seetyobinebina reklamis
Sinaarsis Sesaxeb Tavad meinersisaTvis.
meinersis azriT, 5 noembris nomerSi gamoqveynebuli uodelis uaryofa Zalian dagvianebuli iyo. gazeTi orSabaTobiT gamodis, xolo arCevnebi momdevno dRes gaimarTa. meinersi darwmunebuli iyo, rom gayalbebulma reklamam uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina mis saarCevno kampaniaze.
igi arCevnebSi xmebis minimaluri sxvaobiT damarcxda.
gazeTis pasuxi: delano iglim aRniSna, rom uodeli Rirseuli biznesmeni iyo da maT eWvi ar gasCeniaT reklamis Sinaarsis sizustesTan dakavSirebiT. gazeTma CaTvala, rom reklamaze uaris Tqma, erTgvar cenzuras daemsgavseboda. gazeTis TanamSromelma, romelic am periodSi saTaTbiroSi mimdinare movlenebs aSuqebda, gadaamowma meinersTan dakavSirebuli informacia uodelTan da mister da misis larsonebTan, romlebmac daudastures korespondents faqtis utyuaroba. delano iglma mxolod mogvianebiT miiRo informacia, rom larsonebi wina gazafxulze delanoSi ar cxovrobdnen da axlos ar icnobdnen adgilobriv problemebs.
gazeTma aseve CaTvala, rom uodelis mier sakuTari gancxadebis uaryofa sakmarisi iyo mosabodiSeblad da amitom kidev erTi mobodiSeba
saWirod aRar miiCnia. gazeTi daukavSirda meinerss da izruna, rom es
mobodiSeba TvalSisacem adgilze da saTanado formiT yofiliyo dabeWdili. gazeTma meinerss aseve urCia, survilis SemTxvevaSi saCivriT miemarTa axali ambebis sabWosaTvis.
gadawyvetileba: sagazeTo fasiani politikuri reklama, romelic
amomrCevlebis informirebis erTaderT wyaros warmoadgens, gansakuTrebiT patara qalaqebSi, SesaZloa, problemebis mizezic ki gaxdes. aseT
reklamas SeuZlia, zegavlena moaxdinos kandidatis reputaciaze, xolo
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es reklama uSualod arCevnebis win qveyndeba, iqonios
gavlena arCevnebis Sedegebzec.
reklamis damkveTi, cxadia, pasuxs agebs reklamis Sinaarsze. Cven aseve
vTvliT, rom gazeTma iseve unda mosTxovos politikuri reklamis damkveTs faqtobrivi sizustis dacva, rogorc amas gazeTis korespondentebs sTxovs. sabWos azriT, Rirseuli saredaqcio praqtika moiTxovs,
redaqciam reklamis gamoqveynebamde gadaamowmos kandidatebis kenWisyris Sedegebi. amas mocemul SemTxvevaSi ori mizezi aqvs:
1. aRniSnuli reklama uSualod arCevnebis win, bolo nomerSi rom yofiliyo wardgenili, saredaqcio politikidan gamomdinare, mas ar gamoaqveynebdnen, radganac is axali, sadavo Tematikis wamoWras gamoiwvevda;

24

sareklamo politika

2. reklamis damkveTi iyo piri, romelsac reklamaSi wamoWril sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi pirdapiri biznes interesi amoZravebda.
es ori garemoeba sakmarisi unda yofiliyo saimisod, rom gazeTs faqtebi daezustebina, radganac gancxadeba, romelic reklamaSi gakeTda,
erTob saeWvo iyo, bodiSi ki, arCevnebis TariRis gaTvaliswinebiT,
dagvianebuli.
sabWom mxari dauWira aRniSnul saCivars.
gansxvavebuli azri: gadawyvetilebas sabWos aTi wevri daeTanxma.
gansxvavebuli mosazreba hqonda or wevrs, romelTa azriT, arCevnebis
win mozRvavebuli informaciuli nakadis pirobebSi, praqtikulad SeuZlebeli xdeba yvelafris srulad gadamowmeba. patara gazeTebs gansxvavebuli eTika unda hqondeT, ganacxades maT da gazeTs mxolod erTi rekomendacia misces: man sajarod unda moixados bodiSi da detalurad
axsnas Secdomis mizezebi.

meri jein reCneri `sent pol dispeCisa~

da `pioner presis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: meri jein reCneri 1984 wlis noembris arCevnebze kenWs
iyrida kongresSi meoTxe olqidan. man ori reklama miitana gazeTebSi
sent pol dispeCi da pioner presi da orives gamoqveynebaze uari miiRo.
arCevnebSi misi metoqe brius vento iyo.
jer kidev arCevnebamde sent pol dispeCi sakuTar sareklamo kampanias
awarmoebda, romliTac popularizacias uwevda gazeTs, iSveliebda ra
sent polis sazogadoebis liderebs, romlebic uxsnidnen mkiTxvels, Tu
ra mniSvneloba hqonda gazeTs maT cxovrebaSi da rogor uwyobda is xels
sazogadoebrivi da samoqalaqo movaleobebis Sesrulebas. reCnerma
redaqciaSi waradgina reklama, romelic am koncefciis parodia iyo da
Tavad mas ki gamoCenil sazogadoebriv figurad warmoaCenda.
meore reklama ki aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo:
xma mieciT R-gunds!
reigani _ prezidentad,
rudi _ senatorad, reCneri _ kongresSi.
reklamas reCneris pasportis foto axlda.
reCnerma gazeTebis mxridan reklamis ganTavsebaze uaris Tqmis gamo
saCivriT axali ambebis sabWos mimarTa.
gazeTis pasuxi: sent pol dispeCisa da pioner presis sareklamo

25

ganyofilebis direqtor tom goldenis azriT, parodiis Semcveli reklamis miReba zians miayenebda im solidur investicias, romelic gazeTma
sakuTari gamocemis reklamirebisTvis Cado. `R-gundis~ reklamis Taobaze ki ganacxada, rom reCners sTxoves, warmoedgina werilobiTi Tanxmoba
reiganisa da boSvicis komitetisagan, rom isini Tanaxmani iyvnen, reCneris
reklamaSi maTi saxelebis gamoyenebaze. aseTi werilobiTi nebarTva redaqcias ar miuRia. sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa firmam ki, romelic
boSvicis interesebs warmoadgenda, gazeTs ganucxada, rom sxvaTa reklamaSi maTi kandidatis gvaris gamoyenebisaTvis Tavad boSvicis komitetis Tanxmoba iyo saWiro.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: rogorc ukve iTqva, gazeTma soliduri da
legitimuri investicia Cado sakuTar reklamaSi da am kampanias zians ver
miayenebda parodia-reklamebis gamoqveynebiT.
gacilebiT saintereso viTareba iyo `R-gundis~ reklamis SemTxvevaSi.
SesaZloa, kandidats gamoeqveynebina reklama, romelSic gacxadebuli iqneboda, rom is mondeilis an reiganis politikas uWerda mxars. savaraudoa, rom reklamis Sinaarss arc reigani da arc mondeili ar gaaprotestebda, radganac reklama gaTvlili iyo, aexsna mkiTxvelisaTvis kandidatis politikuri Sexedulebebi. Tumca es ar aris reCneris reklamis
zusti analogia. reklama warmoaCenda reigans, boSvicsa da reCners,
rogorc erTian `gunds~. reklamis konteqstidan gamomdinareobda, rom
mxolod reCneri ki ar uWerda mxars reigansa da boSvics, aramed
piriqiTac, boSvici da reiganic uWerdnen mxars reCners. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gazeTs sruli ufleba hqonda, moeTxova raime damadasturebeli sabuTi
imisa, rom danarCeni ori kandidati Tanaxma iyo, xolo reCneri _
uflebamosili, gamoeyenebina maTi gvarebi Tavis reklamaSi. mas Semdeg,
rac redaqciam aseTi dasturi ver miiRo, is uflebamosili iyo, uari eTqva
reklamis ganTavsebaze. 1983 wlis Semodgomaze reCnerma reklama Tvin
siTis yoveldRiur gazeTebSic miitana, sadac iTxovda mxardaWeras
partiisaTvis `qalebi reiganis mxardasaWerad~. reklamaSi CamoTvlili
iyo mxardamWerTa gvarebi da mas xels awerda reCneri, rogorc 65 B I_Ris olqis mdivani. partiis oficialurma warmomadgenlebma ganacxades,
rom reklamaze partiis Tanxmoba ar yofila da garda amisa, arsebobda
winaaRmdegobrivi mosazrebebi TviT reklamis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT.
reklama gaaprotesta zogierTma xelmomwermac, romelTa gancxadebiT,
maTi gvarebis miTiTeba maTi Tanxmobis gareSe moxda. am SemTxvevam kidev
erTi sababi misca gazeTs, sifrTxile gamoeCina `R+gundis reklamis SemTxvevaSi.
sabWom saCivars ar dauWira mxari.
gansxvavebuli azri: `R+gundTan~ dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebas ar
daeTanxma sabWos erTi wevri. misi azriT, sent pol pioner presma civi

26

sareklamo politika

uariT gaistumra reklama, romelic kongresis legitimur kandidats

ekuTvnoda, xolo am kandidats ndobis yvelaze maRali xarisxi hqonda
saasparezod, radgan man winaswari arCevnebi aSkarad patiosnad moigo.
man gaimarjva da Tavi respublikelad gamoacxada. mas undoda iseTi reklamis dafinanseba, romelic xazs gausvamda garkveul identurobas massa
da im xalxs Soris, romelTac is Tavis Tavze ufro popularulad Tvlida,
kerZod ki, boSvicsa da reigans. maT Soris marTlac aris garkveuli msgavseba, maTi gvarebi R asoTi iwyeba (sakvanZo politikuri momentia) da
meore, isini yvelani respublikelTa saxeliT iyridnen kenWs. boSvicis
sareklamo saagentom usamarTlod daado reklamas veto.
avad Tu kargad, reCneri boSvics da reigans uWerda mxars da amdenad,
maT Tanagundelebad Tavis warmoCena sabWos wevrma SecdomaSi Seyvanad
ar miiCnia. mniSvnelovnad man arc is faqti CaTvala, rom reiganma am
reklamis Sesaxeb ar icoda, boSvicis sareklamo saagentos mxridan reklamis uaryofa ki cud politikad CaTvala. `ku kluqs klanic rom Camosuliyo minesotaSi da eTxova gazeTisaTvis uolter mondeilis mxardasaWeri reklamis ganTavseba, _ aRniSna sabWos wevrma, _ mas amis ufleba eqneboda, miuxedavad imisa, rom es faqti garkveulad uxerxul
mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda mondeils. aqedan gamomdinare vTvli, rom
boSvics ar hqonda ufleba, uari eTqva reCnerisaTvis~.
12 aprili, 1985

bartleti `ostin deili heraldis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: maueris olqis Serifis moadgilem jim bartletma monawileoba miiRo olqis Serifis arCevnebSi, misi metoqe imJamad Serifis movaleobis Semsrulebeli iyo. arCevnebis Semdeg bartletis saarCevno komitets gazeTis winaaRmdeg uamravi saCivari daugrovda. komitetis azriT,
ostin deili heraldma didi wvlili Seitana bartletis damarcxebaSi.
saxeldobr:
1. gazeTma araadekvaturad gaaSuqa ramodenime SemTxveva, romelic
Serifis movaleobis Semsrulebels uein gudneiCers ukavSirdeboda da
Tavad momCivanis kompetencias negatiurad warmoaCenda.
2. aramarTebulad moiTxova ramodenime reklamaSi Sesworebis Setana
da saerTod uari Tqva erTi reklamis ganTavsebaze.
3. dausabuTeblad uTxra uari bartletis mxardamWerebs, gamoeqveynebina maTi statiebi svetSi `werilebi redaqtors~.
4. saTanadod ver gaaSuqa arCevnebis Sedegebi.

27

1982 wlis saarCevno kampaniis dros bartleti sistematurad saubrobda Serifis movaleobis Semsruleblis kompetenciasa da wesierebaze.
momCivanis poziciis sapirispirod, Cans, gazeTi axal ambebSi mainc exeboda am sakiTxebs. marTalia, aRniSnuli Temis gaSuqeba redaqcias ufro
detaluradac SeeZlo, magram sabWos ar SeuZlia imis Tqma, rom gazeTi
gonivruli saredaqcio qmedebebis CarCoebs gascda.
gacilebiT seriozulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos momCivanis gancxadeba,
imis Taobaze, rom gazeTma uari Tqva im politikuri reklamis gamoqveynebaze, romelSic bartleti daxasiaTebuli iyo rogorc `sando~ da `patiosani~. redaqciam momCivans uari uTxra im mizeziT, rom es gansazRvrebebi uaryofiTad imoqmedebda bartletis oponentze. redaqtorma
uaryo es faqti da ganacxada, rom aseTi reklamis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
is uTuod daibeWdeboda, radganac uaris Tqmis araviTari safuZveli ar
arsebobda. imis gamo, rom sabWosTvis xsenebuli reklama gansaxilvelad
ar warudgeniaT da ar arsebobda sakmarisi samxili saqmis gansaxilvelad,
es braldeba dausabuTeblad CaiTvala. aseve problematuri aRmoCnda is
gancxadebac, romelic svetSi `werilebi redaqtors~ masalis gamoqveynebas ukavSirdeboda. bartletis komitetma redaqcias mimarTa weriliT, romelSic aprotestebda gudneiCeris mxardamWerTa mier maTi firniSebis ganadgurebas. radgan im nomerSi redaqtoris gverdi ukve gakeTebuli iyo, gazeTma es protesti wina gverdis axal ambebSi dabeWda. ori
dRis Semdeg gazeTma pirvel gverdze gamoaqveyna gudneiCeris mxardamWerTa sapasuxo masala, romelSic uaryofili iyo firniSebTan dakavSirebuli faqti da oponentis mimarT wayenebuli iyo Semxvedri braldeba,
rasac, Tavis mxriv, redaqtoris saxelze werilebis mTeli seria mohyva.
4 oqtombers bartletis mxardamWerma janet marsdenma waradgina notarialurad damowmebuli werili, romelSic amtkicebda, rom sakuTari TvaliT naxa, Tu rogor anadgurebdnen bartletis sareklamo farebs raionuli bazrobis teritoriaze. konsultaciis Sedegad redaqtorma werilis dabeWdvaze uari Tqva da aRniSna, rom es olqis prokuroris saqme
iyo. sabWos sxdomaze redaqtorma ganacxada, rom mas ar surda, `gazeTis
saSualebiT vinme gaesamarTlebina~.
aRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sabWom daaskvna, rom arcTu
umizezo iyo gazeTis mxridan publikaciaze uaris Tqma. oqtombris darCenili dReebis ganmavlobaSi gazeTma namdvilad dabeWda werilebi firniSebTan dakavSirebiT, Tanac metwilad gudneiCeris mxardamWerTa avtorobiT. bartleti amtkicebda, rom mis mxardamWerebs sxva werilebis gamoqveynebaze uari uTxres. gazeTis mtkicebiT, maT dabeWdes yvelaferi,
rac ki warudgines. SesaZloa, es sxva pro-bartleturi werilebi dabeWdiliyo kidec, Tu maT redaqcias warudgendnen. sabWos kvlav ar hqonia
am problemis gadaWris SesaZlebloba, radgan ver ganixila gazeTis mier

28

sareklamo politika

uaryofili werilebi. redaqtorma ganacxada, rom Tu es werilebi marsdenis werilebis msgavsi ar iyo, maSin isini daibeWdeboda kidec. radgan
sabWos es werilebi ar unaxavs, amitom saCivari dausabuTeblad miiCnia.
da bolos, bartletma ganacxada, rom arCevnebis meore dRes gazeTma
gamoaqveyna arCevnebis Sedegebi, romelic asaxavda qalaqis monacemebs
da ar Seicavda soflis Sedegebs, rac mniSvnelovani iyo bartletis mxardamWerebisaTvis. gazeTis ganmartebiT, man Sedegebi detalurad gamoaqveyna gazeTis meore gverdze. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gazeTma srulad
gaaSuqa arCevnebis Sedegebi da ver xedavs danaSauls imaSi, rom masala
gverdebze redaqciis Sexedulebisamebr ganaTavsa.
daskvnis saxiT sabWom ganacxada, rom gazeTis mier kandidatebs Soris
arsebuli dapirispireba SeZlebisdagvarad amomwuravad gaSuqda. sabWom
mxari ar dauWira saCivars.
15 oqtomberi, 1976

29

3. reputacia

sevijis merobis kandidati roi karlsoni

`sevij peiseris~ winaaRmdeg
winaistoria: 1998 wlis TebervalSi roi karlsonis rZalma da ojaxur
biznesSi misma TanamSromelma, meri karlsonma sasamarTloSi roi karlsonis winaaRmdeg sarCeli Seitana da mas seqsualur devnaSi dasdo brali.
1998 wlis seqtemberSi orma mxarem sasamarTlos gareSe miaRwia SeTanxmebas, momavalSi aRar ganexilaT saqmis specifikuri detalebi.
1999 wels roi karlsoni sevijis merobis kandidati gaxda. karlsonis
oponentma, imJamindeli meris winasaarCevno kampaniis menejerma tom gouldma daiwyo karlsonis saqmianobis gamoZieba. man samoqalaqo sarCeli
aRmoaCina da amis Sesaxeb sevij peiseris redaqtors acnoba. igi acxadebda, rom sevij sitis Zvirad daujdeboda karlsonis meroba, Tu igi iseve
moeqceoda Tavis momaval TanamSromlebs, rogorc es meri karlsonis
saCivarSi iyo aRwerili.
saCivari: sevijis merobis kandidatma roi karlsonma sabWoSi sevij
peiseris calmxrivi da usamarTlo publikacia gaasaCivra. kandidati
acxadebda, rom ver isaubrebda erTi wlis winandeli sarCelis detalebze
mxareebs Soris miRweuli SeTanxmebis pirobebis gamo. momCivanis SefasebiT, statia mas calmxrivad adanaSaulebda da gavlenas axdenda amomrCevlebze. karlsonma agreTve ganacxada, rom redaqtorma mas piradi saubrisas gaumxila, rom moqmedma merma, masalis gamoqveynebis mizniT, gazeTze zewola moaxdina.
am publikaciis Sedegad, karlsonis TqmiT, winasaarCevno kampaniis
dros kardakar Semovlisas, qalebi mas kars cxvirwin ujaxunebdnen.
gazeTis pasuxi: sevij peiserma uaryo faqti, rom statia usamarTlo
iyo karlsonis mimarT. ufro didi usamarTloba braldebis damalva iqneboda. garda amisa, statia faqtobriv dokumentacias eyrdnoboda, romlis gadamowmebac, sasamarTloSi iyo SesaZlebeli. karlsons sapasuxo
publikaciis gamoqveyneba SesTavazes. gazeTs bodiSi ar mouxdia da arc
Tvlis, rom bodiSis moxda saWiro iyo, radgan adgili ar hqonia raime
uzustobas an Secdomas, Sesabamisad, verc raimes uaryofa moxdeboda.

30

reputacia

gamomcemelma uaryo zewolis faqtic. misi gancxadebiT, politikosebis

cxovrebaSi araferi unda iyos amomrCevlisaTvis dafaruli.
ganxilva: sabWos wevrebi dainteresdnen, Tu visi iniciativiT moxda
konfidencialuri SeTanxmeba da ras faravda igi. sabWo dainteresda imiTac, esaubra Tu ara redaqtori karlsonis TanamSromlebs, razedac uaryofiTi pasuxi miiRo. redaqtori Tvlida, rom:
1. karlsoni TanamSromlebs amis nebas ar miscemda;
2. meri karlsoni ar iyo sajaro piri, xolo saarCevno kampania ar warmoadgenda publikaciis ZiriTad Temas, misi Tema Tavad roi karlsoni
iyo.
sabWos erT-erTma wevrma ikiTxa, Tu ratom ar iyo publikaciaSi naTqvami, rom saCivari mxolod erTi pirovnebisagan modioda da, SesaZloa,
arc Seesabameboda sinamdviles. aqedan gamomdinare, ratom ar Seikava Tavi
gazeTma detalebis gamoqveynebisagan. redaqtoris azriT, mkiTxvelisaTvis masala ukeT gasagebi rom yofiliyo, mas detalebi sWirdeboda.
sabWo redaqciaze zewolis faqtiTac dainteresda. redaqtorma zewolis faqti uaryo, magram ganacxada, rom tom gouldma, romelmac mas dokumentebi miawoda, anonimurobis SenarCuneba moiTxova.
sabWos wevrma, kostelom ganacxada, rom wina arCevnebis dros gouldma kompromati maSindel kandidatzec moZebna da gazeTs miawoda. kostelo dainteresda, gamoaqveyna Tu ara maSin gazeTma kompromatebi, razedac dadebiTi pasuxi miiRo. kostelo aseve dainteresda, gamouZiebia
Tu ara gazeTs moqmedi meris saqmianoba, razec uaryofiTi pasuxi miiRo.
redaqtoris ganmartebiT, saredaqcio politikis Tanaxmad, isini ar iZieben kandidatebis saqmianobas, radganac mwvave saarCevno konkurenciis
pirobebSi amas Tavad kandidatebi akeTeben.
sabWos wevrma mediidan ikiTxa, gaarkvia Tu ara gazeTma, ra formulirebiT iyo saqme aRZruli da daxuruli, razedac redaqtorma upasuxa,
rom es garemoebebi Jurnalists ar gaurkvevia. sabWos wevrma gamoTqva
varaudi, rom TviT saqmis mosmenis dros SesaZlebeli iyo saCivari ar
dadasturebuliyo. gazeTis warmomadgeneli sarCelis detalebis Taobaze informirebuli ar yofila.
sabWom karlsons hkiTxa, iyo Tu ara gaTvaliswinebuli raime fuladi
jarima romelime mxarisaTvis sasamarTlo procesis gamarTvis SemTxvevaSi. karlsonma Tqva, rom jarima 50 aTasidan 250 aTasi dolaris farglebSi iyo. garda amisa, man ganacxada, rom orive mxarem gadawyvita, aRar
mibrunebuliyo am problemaze sasamarTloSi da arasodes ganeaxlebina
am Temaze saubari.
redaqtorma aRniSna, rom marTalia, ar arsebobs raime werilobiTi
saxis instruqcia, Tu rogor unda moiqce msgavss SemTxvevebSi, magram
masalis gamoqveynebamde man sami SekiTxva dasva:

31

1. ganekuTvneba Tu ara aRniSnuli masala sajaro dokumentebs?

2. SeiZleba Tu ara misi dadastureba?
3. aqvs Tu ara sazogadoebas ufleba, icodes am faqtis Sesaxeb?
mxolod am kiTxvebze dadebiTi pasuxis Semdeg miiRo redaqtorma saboloo gadawyvetileba publikaciis Taobaze.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: sabWoze gansxvavebuli azrebi gamoiTqva:
`rTulia SeewinaaRmdego iseTi informaciis gamoqveynebas, romelic
sazogadoebrivi interesis sagania.~ erT-erTi wevris azriT, sasurveli
iqneboda, gazeTs gaerkvia TanamSromlebisa da mezoblebis azri mocemul
sakiTxze da rom mxolod sasamarTlo dokumentebze dayrdnoba Zalzed
martivi Jurnalistikaa. am gziT pasuxismgebloba samarTlianobasa da
sizusteze gazeTma mTlianad sasamarTlos gadaabara. sabWoze agreTve
iTqva, rom sasamarTlo sarCeli is ConCxia, romelsac presa reportaJiT
xorcs asxams. am SemTxvevaSi ki gazeTma mxolod ConCxi gamohkida ise,
rom misTvis xorci ar Seusxia. amdenad, CvenTvis ucnobi darCa, es sxeuli
daavadebuli iyo Tu ara. xalxma ki daijera is, rac presaSi waikiTxa.
erT-erTma wevrma isic dasZina, rom marTalia, mxareebi SeTanxmdnen
detalebis gauxmaureblobaze, magram sazogadoebasa da Jurnalistebs
Soris aseTi SeTanxmeba ar momxdara. calmxrivobisaTvis Tavis aridebis
mizniT, Tu statiaSi ar iyo warmodgenili romelime pozicia, Jurnalisti movale iyo, epova is, vinc faqtebs daadasturebda an uaryofda.
kenWisyris Sedegi: sabWom 11 xmiT 3-is winaaRmdeg saCivars mxari
dauWira.
26 oqtomberi, 1999

elis olkoni `Tvin siTi rideris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: henepinis rwmunebulTa saolqo sabWos wevrobis kandidatis
nensi olkonis meuRlem, profesiiT advokatma elis olkonma ganacxada,
rom Tvin siTi riderma 1994 wlis agvistoSi, uSualod winaswari arCevnebis win, gamoaqveyna masala, romelSic 70-ian wlebSi misi meuRlis sabWoSi
moRvaweoba daxasiaTebuli iyo, rogorc `mSfoTvare~. garda amisa, gazeTma wamowia misi meuRlis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli adrindeli braldebebi (romlebic im momentisTvis moxsnili iyo) da elsi olkonisTvis
advokatis licenziis 5-wliT CamorTmevis faqti. batonma olkonma sabWoSi gaasaCivra Semdegi garemoebebi:
1. rideri usamarTlod moiqca, rodesac misdami mtrulad ganwyobil
wyaroebs daeyrdno da ar daukavSirda mas komentarisaTvis, miT ufro,
rom statiis TiTqmis naxevari masze iyo da ara mis kandidat meuRleze.

32

reputacia

2. gazeTma cili daswama mas, rodesac dawera, rom federalurma samsaxurma is bani haCSi sent luisis skandalurad cnobil saroskipoSi _
finansuri interesebis qonaSi daadanaSaula. olkonis gancxadebiT, misTvis arasodes wauyenebiaT brali bani haCTan dakavSirebiT. garda amisa,
statiis avtori acxadebda, TiTqos igi aiZules, cru Cveneba mieca
sasamarTloSi.
3. riderma arazustad asaxa olkonebis sarCelis Sedegebi mark endrius winaaRmdeg, romelic usamarTlo saarCevno kampaniis warmoebis
braldebas Seexeboda.
gazeTis pasuxi: redaqtorma ganacxada, rom Secdomebi, zogierT formulirebaSi cxadia iyo, magram isini Semdeg masalaSi gamosworda; korespondenti farli ar dayrdnobia mtrulad ganwyobil wyaroebs, aramed
Tavad Seqmna monacemTa baza elis olkonis warsulis Sesaxeb; redaqtorma
aRniSna, rom saWirod ar CaTvala elis olkonTan dakavSireba, radganac
nensi olkonma intervius dros dasmul yvela kiTxvas adekvaturi pasuxi
gasca, Tanac redaqciis xelT iyo olkonebis megobrebis komentarebic
(Tumca, isini statiaSi ar asaxula).
ganxilva: sabWo dainteresda, ramdenad seriozuli Secdomebi iyo
daSvebuli statiaSi da ramdenad SesaZlebeli iyo, rom am Secdomebs mniSvnelovani ziani mieyenebina momCivanis reputaciisaTvis. redaqtoris gancxadebiT, elis olkonTan intervius Caweris aucilebloba ar arsebobda,
radgan misi warsulis Sesaxeb didi raodenobiT sazogadod cnobili
informacia iyo xelmisawvdomi, maT Soris baton olkonisaTvis 5 wliT
advokatis licenziis CamorTmevis CaTvliT. mogvianebiT redaqtorma devid karma aRiara, rom mxolod nensis komentariT Semofargvla, SesaZloa,
arc iyo saukeTeso gadawyvetileba.
olkonma gaaprotesta is garemoeba, rom gazeTma statiaSi ar miuTiTa
1992 wels misi Sewyalebis faqti, miuxedavad imisa, rom amis Sesaxeb redaqcia informirebuli iyo.
rac Seexeba ciliswamebas, redaqtorma aseve aRiara, rom Secdoma iyo
olkonis bani haCis saroskiposTan finansur kavSirebSi dadanaSauleba,
Tumca iqve dasZina, rom momdevno winadadeba, sadac naTqvami iyo, rom
olkonisaTvis saroskiposTan dakavSirebiT braldeba arasodes wauyenebiaT, am Secdomis erTgvari Sesworeba iyo.
mesame saCivari arazust formulirebas exeboda: olkonis TqmiT, rideris mier gamoyenebuli sityva `gamoagdes~ gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis
matarebelia sityva `daiTxoves~-Tan SedarebiT, rac sasamarTlo dokumentebSic figurirebda. redaqtoris azriT, yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi
am sityvebs identuri datvirTva aqvT.
olkonma aseve gaasaCivra gazeTis mikerZoebuloba, rac gamoixata imaSi, rom redaqciam arCevnebis dasrulebamde ar gamoaqveyna werili Secdo-

33

mebis miTiTebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom uaryofa droulad, jer kidev

arCevnebamde miiRo. karma aRiara, rom olkonebis dasacavi werili SesworebebiT gvian daibeWda, magram uaryo mikerZoeba. man Tqva, rom werili
arCevnebamde gamosaqveyneblad mzad iyo, magram nomerSi ver moxvda: `me
SemiZlia avxsna es, magram ar SemiZlia gavamarTlo,~ _ aRniSna man.
gadawyvetileba 1: sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars, rom rideri usamarTlod moiqca, rodesac elis olkons komentaris gakeTebis SesaZlebloba ar misca.
gadawyvetileba 2: sabWom ar gaiziara sarCeli ciliswamebis Taobaze.
gadawyvetileba 3: sabWom sarCels mxari ar dauWira im nawilSi, sadac
naTqvami iyo, rom riderma arasworad daaxasiaTa olkonis saCivari endrius winaaRmdeg.
28 oqtomberi, 1989

ben sterbergi `mineapolis tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: boqsis profesionalma promouTerma ben sternbergma mineapolis tribunis winaaRmdeg sabWos mimarTa da ganacxada, rom Seuracxmyofeli grafikiT, teqstiTa da faqtebiT manipulirebis gziT, statiaSi
gakeTda miniSnebebi, TiTqos is rasisti da mafiozi iyo.
sternbergisa da minesotas StatSi profesiuli krivis ganviTarebaSi
misi rolis Sefasebisas sagazeTo publikaciis avtori acxadebda, rom
sternbergi StatSi krivTan dakavSirebuli aqtivobis udides nawils
akontrolebda. aqve saubari iyo imazec, rom sternbergis konkurenti
promouTerebi mas brals sdebdnen rasizmSi, rasac ori adgilobrivi mokrivec adasturebda.
statia Seicavda sternbergis komentars, sadac is yvela braldebas
uaryofda da ramodenime misi interesebis gamomxatvel komentars, romelic minesotaSi krivis sferoSi moRvawe adamianebs ekuTvnoda.
sternbergma pretenziebiT Tavdapirvelad gazeTis mkiTxvelTa warmomadgenels mimarTa, romelmac am TemasTan dakavSirebiT dauyovnebliv
dawera werili. gazeTma aseve dauTmo rubrika `werili redaqtors~
mkiTxvelis werils, romelic statiis kritikasa da faqtobrivi Secdomebis Sesworebas Seicavda.
sternbergis gancxadebiT, gazeTma ganzrax ar SeimCnia gamoTqmul
braldebebTan dakavSirebiT mis mier gakeTebuli ganmartebebi. momCivanis braldebiT, statiis kritikis Semcveli uamravi werilidan, gazeTma mxolod erTi gamoaqveyna.
redaqciis pasuxi: redaqciis azriT, statia dabalansebuli, xolo re-

34

reputacia

portaJi amomwuravi iyo. braldebebi wayenebuli iyo ara iribad, aramed

moxda maTi pirdapiri citireba. garda amisa, gazeTis warmomadgenelTa
gancxadebiT, statiaSi asaxuli iyo sternbergis mier gakeTebuli yvela
uaryofa. amasTanave, Jurnalistis azriT, sternbergis mier gakeTebuli
zogierTi komentari statias arafers matebda da amitom es komentarebi
masalaSi ar gamoiyenes.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: gazeTma namdvilad Seqmna ben sternbergis
uaryofiTi saxe, sensaciurobis, insinuaciebisa da calmxrivi asaxvis saSualebiT. statiis stili da struqtura miznad isaxavda dramatizmis
efeqtis Seqmnas imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom adamianebi zogadad mzad arian
daijeron yvelaze uaresic ki, rodesac saubari profesiul krivs exeba.
statiam xazi gausva braldebas rasizmsa da arakeTilsindisierebaSi da
amave dros ugulebelyo sternbergis mier gamoTqmuli uaryofebi.
statia sternbergze Tavdasxmebis garda misTvis sasargeblo pasaJebsac Seicavda, Tumca masalis warmodgenis Tanmimdevroba ufro arasasurvelis xazgasmas emsaxureboda. amasTan erTad sensaciuri saTauri da
sternbergis foto ringze, Savi saTvaliT marTlac qmnida erTgvari `mafiozas~ saxes. publikaciis is nawili, romelSic gazeTi, TiTqos sternbergis poziciebidan mogviTxrobda, ise iyo warmodgenili, rom mxolod
damajereblobas matebda mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul braldebebs. aRiarebs ra mediis uflebas, gadawyvitos, Tu romeli faqti da citata gamoiyenos, an esaWiroeba Tu ara masalas damaintrigebeli lidi da ilustracia, sabWo acxadebs, rom masala, romelic Seicavs reputaciis Semlaxav braldebebs, samarTliani da amomwuravi unda iyos. mocemul SemTxvevaSi gazeTma es ver moaxerxa.
sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars.
gansxvavebuli azri: steplzi ben sternbergi sajaro piria, romlis
gamoc es kamaTi gaimarTa. sabWos erT-erTi wevris azriT, gazeTma is warmoaCina, rogorc gavleniani figura profesiuli krivis samyaroSi, romlis irgvlivac azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobda sadavo masalidan ar Canda, rom sternbergi ase xelaRebiTaa rasistad warmodgenili.
22 ivlisi, 1979

35

4. saredaqcio statia

verne longi da ventel eriqsoni

`uortington deili gloubis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: Statis warmomadgenlebma verne e. lo-ngma da vendel o.
eriqsonma uortington deili gloubis winaaRmdeg sabWos mimarTes. maTi
gancxadebiT, gazeTma dabeWda arazusti da usamarTlo saTauri, romlis
Tanaxmadac, xsenebulma orma pirovnebam xma misca vietnamis omis
mxardasaWerad. maTi saCivari aseve Seexeboda Tanmdev saredaqcio
masalasac, romelic maT `kvlav omis mosurne~ `omis Zerebs~ uwodebda.
1973 wlis ianvarSi longma da eriqsonma xma misces ori rezoluciis
winaaRmdeg. rezolucia vietnamSi aSS-s Carevas oponirebda. gazeTma gamoiyena asoSieiTid presis informacia aRniSnul Temaze, romelic Tavad
daasaTaura. longma da eriqsonma sabWos moaxsenes, rom maT rezoluciis
winaaRmdeg xma misces ara imitom, rom oms emxrobodnen, aramed im
mizeziT, rom rezoluciebi iyo naklovani da omis dasrulebis ukeTesi
gzebic arsebobda. kanonmdeblebi aprotestebdnen saTaurs `kongresmeni
eriqsoni, kongresmeni longi omis mxardasaWerad aZleven xmas~.
momdevno dRis saredaqcio statiaSi, saTauriT `eriqsoni, longi
kvlav xmas aZleven oms~, gazeTma citata _ `Cven gvinda meti omi~ _
iseTi saxiT miawoda mkiTxvels, rom, momCivanTa azriT, SeiZleboda maTi
kongresmenTa citatad aRqma. garda amisa, isini aprotestebdnen imas, rom
gazeTma daaxasiaTa `omis Zerebad~, romlebic `xmas aZleven oms, imis
nacvlad, rom ebrZolon mas~.
gazeTis pasuxi: gazeTis gancxadebiT, pirveli saTauri samarTliani
da zusti iyo. redaqtorma ganacxada, rom saredaqcio statia sabWos kompetenciis farglebSi ar Sedioda. redaqtori arc im braldebas daeTanxma,
rom fraza _ `Cven kvlav omi gvsurs~ _ SeiZleba vinmes pirdapir citatad
aReqva. Semdgom redaqtorma ganacxada, rom gazeTis gamomcemlebma ramodenimejer miiwvies orive momCivani da SesTavazes, gamoeqveynebinaT
TavianTi Tvalsazrisi, agreTve ganemartaT mkiTxvelisaTvis, Tu ratom
misces xma antisaomari rezoluciis winaaRmdeg. gazeTma piroba misca
kongresmenebs, rom aseT ganacxads dabeWdavda srulad, yovelgvari Se-

36

saredaqcio statia

moklebisa da Tanmxlebi komentaris gareSe, magram longma da eriqsonma

es ar gaakeTes, radgan ar surdaT TavdacviTi poziciebis dakaveba.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: masalis saTauri arazusti da usamarTlo
iyo. im dros, rodesac saTaurebTan dakavSirebiT gazeTebs sakmao Tavisufleba eniWebaT, axali ambebis gverdze redaqcia, rogorc wesi, swor,
obieqtur da miukerZoebel saTaurebs unda aqveynebdes. saTaurs teqsti
faqtebiT unda amyarebdes, faqtobriv informacias saTauric unda Seicavdes da rac mTavaria, saTauri ar unda amaxinjebdes teqstSi mocemul
faqtebs. aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi faqti iyo is, rom kanonmdeblebma xma ori
rezoluciis winaaRmdeg misces. maT arafrisTvis ar dauWeriaT mxari.
gazeTis mier gamoyenebuli citata redaqtoriseul hipoTetur frazasTan erTad, cxadia, SecdomaSi Seiyvanda mkiTxvels. saredaqcio statias
mkiTxvelisTvis Tavs ar unda moexvia azri, TiTqos fraza _ `Cven kvlav
gvinda omi~ _ kanonmdeblebma warmoTqves. am sakiTxSi sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars.
Tumca saredaqcio statiis danarCeni nawili jansaR Tvalsazriss gamoxatavda da misaRebi Jurnalistikis farglebs ar scdeboda. gazeTebi
Tavisufali unda iyvnen, raTa Rirseulad gamoxaton Tvalsazrisi. sazogadoebis saqmea, Tavad gadawyvitos, ra aris `misaRebi~ da `miuRebeli~
saredaqcio TvalsazrisSi. amdenad, saCivari nawilobriv dakmayofilda.
27 Tebervali, 1973

37

5. anonimuri wyaroebi

doqtor devid meCi `sTar tribunis~ winaaRmdeg

safuZveli: sTar tribunma Seityo, rom mgelTa kvlevis saerTaSoriso
centris (IWC) yofilma TanamSromelma centris winaaRmdeg sasamarTloSi
sarCeli Seitana. gazeTis Jurnalistma Tog meiersmenma aTze meti
interviu Cawera, maT Soris orjer Tavad devid meCisagan, romelic
mgelTa kvlevis specialisti iyo. 1995 wlis 23 ivliss gazeTma gamoaqveyna
saavtoro statia, romlis saTauri _ `dgas Tu ara mglebis eqsperti
wesebze maRla? incidenti eTikur problemas wamoWris~ _ pirvel gverdze iyo gamotanili.
meCma sTar tribuns pretenziebiT mimarTa da or aTeulze meti
Sesworeba moiTxova. sapasuxod gazeTma ori Sesworeba gamoaqveyna. meCma
agreTve iTxova sagazeTo farTobi sapasuxo publikaciisaTvis komentarebis gverdze, aucilebeli miTiTebiT (anonsiT) pirvel gverdze. gazeTma mas 36 inCi (daaxl. 90 sm) dauTmo, pirvel gverdze yovelgvari anonsirebis gareSe. meCi sTar tribunis sapasuxo qmedebam ar daakmayofila,
radgan is grZnobda, rom gazeTma Tavi aarida pasuxismgeblobas imis gamo,
rasac Tavad upasuxismgeblo Jurnalistikad miiCnevda. meCma aseve ganacxada, rom statia Tavdapirvelad internetiT gavrcelda, ramac saTave
daudo sxva msgavss publikaciebs, romlebSic Tavdapirveli monacemebi
kidev ufro damaxinjebuli iyo. amitomac meCma minesotas Statis axali
ambebis sabWos mimarTa saCivris ganxilvis TxovniT.
saCivari: meCma 28 sadavo punqtze miuTiTa. sabWom monacemebi oTx
zogad saCivrad daajgufa. momCivanis azriT:
1. statias hqonda saTauri, romelic winaswar ganawyobda mkiTxvels
im azrze, rom meCma eTikis normebi daarRvia, rac imTaviTve mcdar fons
uqmnida yovelives, razedac Semdeg statiaSi iyo saubari.
2. publikaciis stili meCis sawinaaRmdego winaswar ganwyobaze mianiSnebda, statiis ena gamaRizianebeli iyo da momCivanis qmedebebsa da xasiaTze usafuZvlo Tavdasxmebs isaxavda miznad.
3. statia emyareboda anonimur wyaroebs, mikerZoebulad an yovelgvari uflebis gareSe gansjida mis qmedebebs, rac mkiTxvels sakuTari
azris CamoyalibebaSi uSlida xels.

38

anonimuri wyaroebi

4. da bolos, adanaSaulebda meCs yovelgvari mtkicebulebebis an konteqstis gareSe, rac moklebuli iyo yovelgvar balanss.
gazeTis pasuxi: sTar tribunma masala daicva, rogorc dokumenturad dasabuTebuli, samarTliani da dabalansebuli publikacia. statiaSi Jurnalisturi standartebi daculi iyo da masSi cnobili mecnieris
qmedebebis legitimurobis sakiTxebi iyo dasmuli. Semdgom gazeTi acxadebda, rom man mkiTxvels meCis Tvalsazrisis gacnobis SesaZlebloba
misca, rogorc statiis, aseve vrceli komentaris saxiTac, romelic StatgareSe Jurnalistma meCis TxovniT Cawera da gazeTma 10 dekembris nomerSi gamoaqveyna. gazeTis poziciis Tanaxmad:
1. saTauri asaxavda im respondentebis mier wamoWril kanonier sakiTxebs, romlebic am masalisaTvis gamokiTxes.
2. braldebebis nawili, romelsac meCi aprotestebda, statiis dasawyisSi iyo da Seicavda daskvnebs, romelTac gazeTi detalurad momdevno
nawilSi ganmartavda. aseve statiis TavSive iyo ganTavsebuli meCis
Semajamebeli, dacvis gancxadeba, Semdgomi ganmartebebiTurT.
3. statiaSi miTiTebuli iyo 16 identificirebuli wyaro, romlebic
SeirCnen an samecniero eqspertizis niSniT, an meCTan urTierTobebis mixedviT. statia eyrdnoboda im wyaroebsac, romlebic kargad icnobdnen
mglebis kvlevasTan dakavSirebul kanonebsa da regulirebis sakiTxebs.
statiaSi aseve gamoyenebuli iyo im adamianebis Cvenebebi, romlebmac
meCis mxridan devnis SiSiT, anonimurobis SenarCuneba isurves. anonimuri
wyaroebi ZiriTadad identificirebuli wyaroebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebisa Tu informaciis gansamtkiceblad iyo gamoyenebuli.
4. sadavo statiaSi mocemuli iyo mtkicebulebebi ZiriTad sakiTxebze,
romlebic kvalificirebul wyaroebsa da saTanado dokumentebs eyrdnoboda.
ganxilva: meCi amtkicebda, rom statiaSi warmodgenilma masalam mas
seriozuli ziani miayena, maSin, rodesac yvelaze mZime danaSauli, romelic bralad edeboda, iyo is, rom trankvilizatoris Seyvanisas mas SemTxveviT mgeli Semoakvda. es faqti britaneli kinematografistebis jgufis TandaswrebiT moxda. meCis azriT, mkiTxvelTa umravlesoba mxolod
saTaurebs kiTxulobs da ara statias.
erol painma, sazogadoebis wevrma sabWoSi, kiTxviT mimarTa meCs, Tvlida
Tu ara is Tavs sajaro pirad, razedac meCma uaryofiTi pasuxi gasca. gazeTis
azriT ki, meCi sajaro piri iyo, radgan igi sazogadoebis mier dafinansebul
minesotas Statis universitetSi muSaobda. kiTxvaze, Tu ra standartebiT
udgeba gazeTi sajaro pirebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebas,
redaqtorma upasuxa, rom es damokidebulia Tavad sakiTxis aqtualobaze,
sazogadoebriv interessa da im gavlenaze, romelic sazogadoebrivad
aqtualuri informaciis gavrcelebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios.

39

sabWos wevrTa umetesobam seriozuli SeSfoTeba gamoTqva masalis

ganTavsebasTan da statiis tonTan dakavSirebiT. `saTauri seriozuli
dartyma iyo~. `me rom mxolod saTauri wamekiTxa, vifiqrebdi, rom
meCi cudi kacia~, _ ganacxada sabWos erT-erTma wevrma.
meCma aseve usamarTlod miiCnia sTar tribunis Sesworebebis politika.
statia Seicavda gancxadebas imis Taobaze, rom meCi araerT sabWosa Tu
mglebis kvlevasTan dakavSirebul proeqtSi iyo Cabmuli da pirdapiri
Tu arapirdapiri gzebiT am sferoSi arsebuli dafinansebis did nawils
akontrolebda. mogvianebiT gazeTma Sesworebebis gverdze dabeWda uaryofa, romelSic acxadebda, rom meCi sinamdvileSi mxolod erT proeqtSi
da erT samecniero jgufSi iyo dasaqmebuli da arc erT saqmianobas ar
hqonia raime saxis Sexeba finansebTan. meCma dasva SekiTxva, Tu ramdenad
abaTilebda es mcire Sesworeba mis winaaRmdeg gazeTis wina gverdebze
gamoTqmul braldebebs.
rabi bari citronma, sazogadoebis warmomadgenelma sabWoSi ganacxada,
rom statiam gacilebiT meti gaakeTa, vidre es ubralod sakiTxebis wamoWraa.
man statias mikerZoebuli uwoda da saerTod, dagmo pirvel gverdze braldebebis gamoqveynebis praqtika, maSin, rodesac meoTxe gverdze Sesworebebi
ibeWdeba amave statiaSi daSvebuli uzustobebis gamo. redaqtoris azriT,
gazeTebis umetesoba Sesworebebs fiqsirebul adgilze aTavsebs, raTa mkiTxvelma iolad ipovos aRniSnuli rubrika. man aseve dasZina, rom Tu Secdoma
imdenad seriozulia, rom misi Sida gverdebze gamoqveyneba usamarTloa, gazeTma SesaZloa, pirvel gverdzec ganaTavsos is.
sabWo dainteresda, miuTiTa Tu ara star tribunma SesworebaSi is,
rom statia nawilobriv eyrdnoboda anonimur wyaroebs, romlebic devnis
SiSiT sakuTar vinaobas ver amxeldnen. gazeTs es ar gaukeTebia da mizezad saredaqcio politika daasaxela, romlis Tanaxmadac, Sesworebebis
dros fokusireba uSualod faqtebze xdeba. sabWos erT-erTma wevrma xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom Sesworebis gamoqveynebis Sedegad moixsna
anonimuri wyaroebis problema. avtorma daicva anonimuri wyaroebi da
ganacxada, rom SesworebaSi ar yofila aRniSnuli, rom meCi ar akontrolebda finansebs, aramed mxolod is iyo naTqvami, rom meCi ar iyo sxvadasxva sabWoebis wevri. saredaqcio politikis Tanaxmad, Tu ramodenime
wyaro mediasaSualebas erTsa da imave informacias awvdis, anonimurobis
SenarCuneba daSvebulia, miT umetes, Tu am wyaroebis sandooba da informirebuloba eWvgareSea. am SemTxvevaSi ki, avtoris ganmartebiT, anonimuri wyaroebi mxolod meorexarisxovani funqciiT iyo gamoyenebuli,
identificirebuli wyaroebis mxardasaWerad.
rac Seexeba gazeTis mier wamoyenebul kidev erT braldebas, rom meCi
aramarTebulad iyenebda samsaxurebriv transports, `braldebulis~ gancxadebiT, marTebuli iqneboda, Tu am Temaze Jurnalisti uSualod mis

40

anonimuri wyaroebi

xelmZRvanels daelaparakeboda da ara students an fotografs, rogorc

man es gaakeTa. korespondentis TqmiT, man araerTxel scada meCis xelmZRvanelTan am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Sexvedra, Tumca ver moaxerxa,
radgan meCs xelmZRvaneli ukve winaswar hyavda gafrTxilebuli. rac Seexeba studentisa da fotografis wyaroebad gamoyenebas, redaqciis
TqmiT, isini SearCies ara rogorc eqspertebi mgelTa kvlevis sakiTxebSi,
aramed rogorc TviTmxilvelebi.
gadawyvetileba:
1. sabWom daakmayofila saCivris is nawili, romlis Tanaxmadac, saTauri
mikerZoebuli iyo, xolo publikaciis stili da saerTo toni usamarTlo.
2. statiis ena da stili Seuracxmyofeli da mikerZoebuli iyo.
3. sabWom ar dauWira mxari saCivars, TiTqos statia iseT anonimur
wyaroebs eyrdnoboda, romelTac ar hqondaT meCis qmedebebis gansjis
ufleba.
4. sabWom uaryo saCivari imis Taobazec, rom meCis winaaRmdeg gamoTqmuli braldebebi konteqstis gareSe daibeWda, an safuZvelsmoklebuli iyo.
12 aprili, 1985

incestis msxverpli
`vabaSa qaunTi heraldis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: incestis msxverplma, 17 wlis axalgazrdam saCivari Seitana
sabWoSi gazeT vabaSa qaunTi heraldis winaaRmdeg. momCivani gazeTs 1995
wlis 12 ivliss misi mamis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli publikaciis gamo edaveboda da acxadebda, rom sainformacio saSualeba:
1. SeiWra mis pirad cxovrebaSi, rodesac seqsualuri Zaladobis
msxverplad braldebulis umcrosi qaliSvili (is misi erTaderTi qaliSvilia) daasaxela.
2. publikacia sensualuri1 xasiaTis iyo da Zaladobrivi aqtis detalebis cocxlad aRweris gziT, xelmeored aqcia igi msxverplad.
gazeTis pozicia: redaqciis gancxadebiT, is ver asaxavda simarTles,
Tu gverds auvlida detalebs da ar daasaxelebda moZaladis naTesaur
kavSirs msxverplTan. vabaSa qaunTi heraldis redaqtori darwmunebuli
iyo, rom mxolod incestis sruli asaxviT moaxerxebda gazeTi, xeli SeeSala analogiuri danaSaulisaTvis. redaqtoris TqmiT, gazeTma gulTan
axlos miitana gogonas mdgomareoba da arCia, ar gamoeqveynebina masala
erTi wliT adre, maSin, roca saqme Ziebis procesSi iyo da arc ganaCeni
iyo gamotanili.

41

ganxilva: gogonam sabWos ganucxada, rom man saSineli tvirTi moixsna,

rodesac rva wlis Semdeg misi saidumlo gaamxila, magram rodesac man
pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebuli masala ixila, es bevrad uaresi aRmoCnda,
radgan mTeli qalaqisaTvis gaxda cnobili im saSineli Zaladobis Sesaxeb,
rac mamam mis mimarT ganaxorciela.
dazaralebulis Terapevtis TqmiT, gazeTma marTlac xelmeored aqcia
gogona msxverplad. misi azriT, dazaralebuli unda gaefrTxilebinaT,
rom am ambis gamoqveynebas apirebdnen. unda dahkiTxebodnen profesionalebs, radgan gogonas jer ar hqonda gacnobierebuli is, rom igi ar
iyo damnaSave am incidentSi.
dazaralebulica da misi eqimic miiCnevdnen, rom redaqciis argumenti,
TiTqos msgavsi publikaciebi daaSinebda moZaladeebs, araswori iyo. piriqiT, gogonas TqmiT, man, rogorc msxverplma icoda, rom amas damnaSave
msxverplis dasaSineblad da gasaCumeblad gamoiyenebda. `gaxmaurebis
SiSi, _ aRniSna eqimma, _ bevr aseT danaSauls faravs~.
redaqtorma maik smitma ganacxada, rom mas rTuli gadawyvetilebis
miReba mouxda: gazeTs, erTis mxriv, unda eTqva simarTle, meores mxriv
ki, maqsimalurad mcire ziani mieyenebina msxverplisaTvis. mas sjeroda,
rom swori gadawyvetileba miiRo, radganac statiaSi imazec iyo saubari,
rom sasamarTlom sakmaod loialuri ganaCeni gamoitana.
rac Seexeba sensualurobas, smitma Tqva, rom heraldma dabeWda zustad is, rac sasamarTlo dokumentebSi iyo asaxuli. saCivris Semdeg redaqtorma moamzada erTgvari ganmartebis teqsti ojaxisa da mkiTxvelebisaTvis, raTa aexsna masalis gamoqveynebis mizezi. redaqtorma es teqsti
dazaralebul ojaxs aCvena, magram ojaxisve TxovniT, gazeTma is ar gamoaqveyna.
sabWos wevrebma hkiTxes gamomcemelsa da redaqtors, SeiZleboda Tu
ara masalis sxvagvarad miwodeba. gazeTi ver moixseniebda msxverpls rogorc ubralod naTesavs, radgan maSin yvela naTesavi eWvqveS aRmoCndeboda, arada, redaqciis azriT, mniSvnelovani iyo, sazogadoebas daenaxa,
Tu ramdenad seriozuli iyo Cadenili danaSauli.
sabWos wevrebma hkiTxes gogonas, misi azriT, ra unda daewera heralds, razec dazaralebulma upasuxa, rom is ar iyo mzad imisaTvis, rom
detalebi exila gazeTSi. marTalia, pirvelad mas undoda yvelaferi saidumlod Seenaxa, magram axla surda, sxvebs daxmareboda.
sabWos wevris qeiT paris azriT, aucilebeli iyo imis codna, Tu ra
saxis danaSaulze iyo saubari, miT ufro, rom saqme mosamarTlis mier
gamotanil Serbilebul ganaCensac exeboda, rac sazogadoebis saqme iyo.
is faqti, rom Tavad gogonam iTxova mamisaTvis ganaCenis Semsubuqeba,
gazeTSi ar gamoqveynebula.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar dauWira mxari am saqmisaTvis pirad cxov-

42

anonimuri wyaroebi

rebaSi Carevis da sensualurobis kvalifikaciis micemas, magram msjelobis Sedegad daaskvna, rom gazeTi gulgrili iyo gogonas mimarT. masalis gamoqveynebamde redaqcia unda dakavSireboda gogonas ojaxs da Seemzadebina isini am publikaciisaTvis. sabWos wevrma mouwoda maT, efiqraT ara marto Jurnalistur, aramed sazogadoebriv standartebzec.
sabWom agreTve erTxmad dauWira mxari rekomendacias, rom gazeTs,
gareSe pirebTan, sabWos wevrTa da msxverplTa CarTviT, konsultaciebis
safuZvelze SeemuSavebina instruqcia, romelic seqsualuri Zaladobis
SemTxvevebis gaSuqebas daaregulirebda.
24 agvisto, 1995

uortingtonis mcxovrebni
`uortington deili gloubis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: 1993 wlis 30 da 31 agvistos da 1 seqtembers gloubma gamoaqveyna saredaqcio masala, romelic im anonimuri respondentebis citirebas axdenda, romlebic gazeTis kiTxvebs pasuxobdnen. kiTxva ki aseTi
iyo: `gaizarda Tu ara uortingtoni sxvadasxva umciresobaTa jgufebis amaswinandeli mozRvavebiT?~ pirveli dRis saTaurSi naTqvami iyo:
`81 procents ar moswons umciresobebi~. lidi Seicavda frazas `regionis mcxovrebTa damokidebuleba umciresobaTa mimarT gasuli wlis
manZilze gaumjobesda, Tumca arcTu ise Zalian. am mosazrebas deili
gloubi-s bolo gamokiTxvac adasturebs. TiTqmis 250-ma adamianma gamonaxa dro, rom epasuxa gazeTis SekiTxvisaTvis...~ gazeTis gancxadebiT, igive kiTxvebze gasul wels respondentTa 81 procentma upasuxa,
rom maT ar moswondaT is gavlena, romelsac umciresobebi regionze axdendnen. gazeTis mier citirebul anonimur respondentTa didi nawili
umciresobaTa mimarT uaryofiTad iyo ganwyobili da citatebi umciresobaTa mimarT Seuracxmyofel da gamomwvev frazebs Seicavda. magaliTad:
`ara _ mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven mogwonT kriminali da
Zaladoba.
ara _ mogwonT taraknebi da nagavi?
ara _ qalaqi nagavs daemsgavsa am samxreTelebis Semosevis gamo.
ara _ Tu uortingtonze zrunavT, daxureT monfort porki,
SeyareT Sig umciresobebi da miuSviT iseTi Sxapi, rogorSic Tavis
droze adolf hitlerma ebraelebi abanava.
ara _ aravis isini aq ar sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT laTinosebi.~

43

erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi gazeTSi sapasuxo werilebi ibeWdeboda, romlebSic ZiriTadad gakritikebuli iyvnen respondentebi. magram gazeTs ar
gamouqveynebia mkiTxvelTa is werilebi, sadac am gamokiTxvis Catarebis gamo
gazeTi iyo gakritikebuli. gamomcemelma uari Tqva im moqalaqeebTan Sexvedraze, romlebic Ciodnen, rom gamokiTxvam gaauaresa, an sulac Seqmna
umciresobebis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili garemo.
aRniSnuli gamokiTxvis gamo uortingtonis mcxovrebTa warmomadgenlebma weriliT mimarTes axali ambebis sabWos. saCivari ramodenime sakiTxs exeboda:
1. 250-mde piris anonimuri komentaris, rogorc statistikurad sando gamokiTxvis (gazeTis tiraJi 14.000-ia) gamoqveynebiT, gloubi arRvevda gonivrul Jurnalistur standartebs.
2. gloubma usamarTlod uTxra uari werilebis avtorebs da ar misca
maT gazeTis gakritikebis SesaZlebloba.
gazeTis pasuxi: gloubis gancxadebiT, mas aRniSnuli gamokiTxva ar
miuwodebia mkiTxvelebisaTvis, rogorc statistikurad sando masala.
im braldebis pasuxad, rom gazeTi ar beWdavda mis mimarT kritikulad
ganwyobil werilebs, redaqciam warmoadgina publikaciebi, romlebSic
gazeTi gakritikebuli iyo nacionalur sakiTxebze saredaqcio poziciis
gamo (ar yofila warmodgenili werili, romelic redaqcias rasistuli
ganwyobilebebis gamo akritikebda).
gloubis xelmZRvanelobis azriT, gazeTi emsaxureba sazogadoebas,
radganac saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs rasizmis problema da rom sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvamde, xalxis gancxadebiT, uortingtonSi mikerZoebulobis safuZveli ar yofila da umciresobebis momravlebis mimarT
sazogadod apaTiuri ganwyoba sufevda.
deili gloubma Tavis werilobiT poziciaSi saCivris sami punqti gaaprotesta. redaqciis gancxadebiT, publikaciidan eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi maT
momCivanTagan raime saxis Setyobineba ar miuRiaT. axali ambebis sabWos
satelefono Canawerebidan gairkva, rom sabWo daukavSirda gazeTs gamokiTxvis dabeWdvidan sami Tvis Semdeg. maSin redaqtorma sabWos aRmasrulebel
direqtors ganucxada, rom gazeTi diskusiaSi monawileobas ar miiRebda.
mogvianebiT, TebervalSi sabWoSi Sevida saCivari sazogadoebidan la
raza, romelic espaneli moqalaqeebis gaerTianebas warmoadgenda. es saCivari sabWom miiRo gansaxilvelad da adrindel momCivanebs neba darTes,
CarTuliyvnen am saqmeSi.
gazeTma ganacxada, rom saCivarSi dasaxelebul adamianebs arc erTxel
ucdiaT problemis pirdapir gazeTTan urTierTobis gziT mogvareba.
sabWom ki miiRo im werilebis aslebi, romlebiTac calkeuli pirebi mimarTavdnen gazeTs. rodesac redaqtorma sabolood dagegma Sexvedra
momCivanTa jgufTan, gamomcemelma es Sexvedra gaauqma.

44

anonimuri wyaroebi

diskusia: sabWos SekiTxvaze, Tu ra gavlena iqonia gamokiTxvam da ratom aravin iCivla gasul wels misi gamoqveynebisTanave, momCivanma qerol
skotma upasuxa, rom man namdvilad gaagzavna saCivris werili gazeTSi,
magram ramodenime kviriani dapirebebis Semdeg, rom pasuxi gamoqveyndeboda, sabolood redaqtorma mas uari uTxra.
gazeTis ganacxadze, rom mis gamokiTxvas mecnieruli xasiaTi ar hqonda, sabWos wevrma miuTiTa, rom lidi da saTauri `regionis mcxovrebTa
azri~ migvaniSnebda, rom aq laparaki iyo adamianTa gacilebiT did jgufze, vidre anonimuri respondentebi iyvnen. profesorma beqstormma, romelic eqspertia sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis sferoSi, Tqva, rom, rogorc wesi, mkiTxvelebi aseTi tipis sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis
Sedegebs sandod Tvlian. misive ganmartebiT, gamokiTxvebi, romlebSic
anonimuri komentarebia nebadarTuli, arc mecnierulad dasabuTebulia
da arc realurad SeiZleba ewodoT maT `kvleva~.
qalaqis advokatis SefasebiT, xalxisTvis sakuTari azris gamoTqmis uflebis micema da Semdeg am azris gamoqveynebaze uaris Tqma pirveli Sesworebis ukan amofarebas da mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT moqmedebas niSnavs.
gadawyvetileba:
1. sabWom mxari (11-2) dauWira im braldebas, rom gloubma daarRvia
gonivruli Jurnalisturi standartebi. sabWos erT-erTma wevrma aRniSna, rom gloubis masaliT manipulireba erTi gaborotebuli pirovnebisaTvisac ki Zalzed martivi iyo, Tu mas hqonda $180, sakmarisi raodenobis
gazeTebis SesaZenad, rom xelT egdo gamokiTxvis formebi, Seevso da gaegzavna isini redaqciaSi. misi azriT, gazeTebis umetesobas SemuSavebuli
aqvs mkacri politika sxvadasxva situaciaSi anonimuri wyaroebis gamoyenebis Taobaze. aRiniSna isic, rom `mtruli atmosferos Seqmna ar aris
urTierTobebis gamosworebis jansaRi gza~.
2. xmebiT (12-1) sabWom mxari dauWira im braldebasac, romlis Tanaxmad, gloubma arasamarTlianad uTxra uari moqalaqeebs im werilebis gamoqveynebaze, romlebSic mkiTxvelebi saredaqcio narkvevSi sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis gaSuqebas akritikebdnen. Tumca, sabWos erT-erTi
wevris (radios mesakuTre) gansxvavebul azrSi aRiniSna, rom iseT qalaqSi,
sadac mxolod erTi gazeTia, pasuxisa Tu kritikis mizniT, SesaZlebelia
mediis sxva saSualebebis, magaliTad, radios gamoyeneba.
21 aprili, 1994

45

pemela koili
`ostin deili heraldis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: ostin deili heraldis winaaRmdeg sabWos saCivriT mimarTa
austinis policiis dispetCerma pemela koilma, romelic or sakiTxs asaCivrebda:
1. publikaciaSi, saTauriT `policiis angariSi~, arasworad iyo
gaSuqebuli, TiTqos olqis kanonierebis dacvis komisiis sxdomaze misi
samsaxurebrivi statusis sakiTxi ganixileboda, rac momCivanis gancxadebiT, sinamdviles ar Seesabameba.
2. gazeTma mis mimarT usamarTlo qmedeba ganaxorciela, rodesac saredaqcio werilebis gverdze, rubrikiT `anonimuri komentari~ gamoaqveyna 10 werili, sadac mas akritikebdnen da mouwodebdnen, daetovebina samuSao.
1991 wlis Semodgomaze pemela koilma Tavad aRiara maRaziaSi Cadenili qurdoba. kanonierebis dacvis komitetis sxdomaze koilma Tavis zedamxedvels es informacia sakuTari nebiT miawoda. Jurnalisti sxdomas
ar eswreboda, Tumca anonimur wyaroze dayrdnobiT, gazeTSi gamoaqveyna
masala, romlis Tanaxmadac, koilis dakavebul TanamdebobasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxi krebaze ganixileboda. svetSi, sadac es masala daibeWda,
ZiriTadad kriminaluri qronika qveyndeboda.
publikacias eqvsi dRis manZilze uwyveti anonimuri satelefono zarebis mTeli nakadi mohyva. zarebis avtorebi policieli qalbatonis
gadadgomas moiTxovdnen. koili eWvobda, rom mis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
es nakadi policiis erT-erTi yofili TanamSromlis organizebuli iyo,
Tumca piradi vendetis damadasturebeli sabuTebi mas ar gaaCnda. ganyofilebis TanamSromlebma gazeTs koilis mxardasaWerad araerTi weriliT mimarTes, Tumca heraldSi arc erTi aseTi komentari ar dabeWdila.
mas Semdeg, rac gamomcemlisadmi koilis mimarTvam Sedegi ar gamoiRo,
man minesotas axali ambebis sabWos mimarTa.
gazeTis pasuxi: redaqciis gancxadebiT, man anonimuri wyaroebis mier
miwodebuli informacia gadaamowma da daadgina, rom koils marTlac hqonda wayenebuli brali maRaziaSi qurdobisaTvis. iqidan gamomdinare, rom
koili mTavrobaze muSaobda da policiis TanamSromeli iyo, redaqciam es
axali ambavi sazogadoebisaTvis sainteresod da mniSvnelovnad CaTvala.
SeniSvna: mogvianebiT gazeTma Secvala saredaqcio politika anonimur
zarebTan dakavSirebiT: gazeTi zaris avtorebs sakuTari telefonis nomrisa da sakontaqto monacemebis datovebas Txovs, raTa mogvianebiT informaciis gadamowmeba SesaZlebeli iyos.
gadawyvetileba:
1. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad koilis mier qurdobis Cadenis faqti

46

anonimuri wyaroebi

utyuari iyo, sabWos zogierTi wevris azriT, aramarTebuli iyo koilis

danaSaulis adgilobrivi kriminaluri qronikis rubrikiT gaSuqeba, radganac es ar iyo adgilobrivi danaSauli. gazeTis argumenti, rom koili
saxelmwifo moxele iyo da amdenad, angariSvaldebul figuras warmoadgenda, ar gaiziara sabWom. sabWos wevrTa azriT, koili dabali rangis
zedamxedveli iyo da ara arCeviTi oficialuri piri. statiis lidi CaiTvala mcdarad (7-6), riTac dakmayofilda koilis saCivari.
2. anonimuri komentarebis rubrika erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi seqciaa amerikul gazeTebSi. sabWos ramodenime wevri, redaqtori da
gamomcemeli am tendencias miesalmnen, radganac is mkiTxvelTa dainteresebasa da sazogadoebis aqtiurobas uwyobs xels. danarCenebs miaCniaT,
rom anonimuri komentarebi e.w. yviTeli Jurnalizmia da Tu gazeTi anonimur werilebsa Tu satelefono zarebs aqveynebs, mas mkiTxvelTa ndobis
dakargvis safrTxe emuqreba. sabWom xmaTa umravlesobiT (9-4) mxari dauWira saCivars, koilis SemTxvevaSi anonimuri komentarebis usamarTlobasTan dakavSirebiT.
10 dekemberi, 1992

rendi jonsoni WTCN-TV-sa da

`golden veleis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: henepinis olqis sabWos warmomadgenelma, rendi jonsonma
samauwyeblo medias ori reportaJis gamo uCivla. siuJetebi saolqo sabWos dilis sauzmis dros gamarTul Sexvedras asaxavda, romelsac Jurnalisti axasiaTebda, rogorc `saidumloebiT mocul~ Sekrebas. momCivanis gancxadebiT, reportaJebi arazusti da usamarTlo iyo da qmnida
idumalebis cru STabeWdilebas, aseve SesaZlo kanondarRvevazec mianiSnebda. momCivanis gancxadebiT, mas adekvaturi pasuxis saSualeba ar mieca.
henepinis saolqo sabWos wevrTa umravlesoba yovelkvireulad ikribeboda dilis sxdomaze. televiziam erT-erTi aseTi Sexvedris Sesaxeb
21 agvistos axali ambebis gamoSvebaSi gadasca siuJeti. avtori dilis
sxdomebs `saidumloebiT moculs~ uwodebda da acxadebda, rom Sexvedrebi gamTeniisas imarTeboda da maT Sesaxeb masmedias Setyobinebebi ar
egzavneboda. televiziis gancxadebiT, am Sekrebebis Taobaze maT samTavrobo anonimuri wyarodan Seityves. aqve xdeboda sabWos umciresobis
erT-erTi warmomadgenlis citireba, romelic acxadebda, rom aRniSnuli
Sexvedrebi SesaZloa, `sruliad ukanonoc~ ki yofiliyo.
am sxdomebis erT-erTma monawilem rendi jonsonma es informacia gaasaCivra da ganacxada, rom cnoba sxdomebis Catarebis Taobaze, minesotas

47

Statis kanonis Sesabamisad (sxdomebis sajaroobis Sesaxeb), gamoqveynda

sabWos yoveldRiur oficialur gazeTSi finansebi da komercia. momCivanis TqmiT, aRniSnuli siuJetebidan Seiqmna STabeWdileba, rom televizia mas da mis kolegebs kanonis darRvevaSi adanaSaulebda.
televiziam eTerSi meore siuJetic gadasca, romelSic Tavad jonsonis interviuc iyo CarTuli. rogorc interviuSi, aseve avtoris teqstSic
iyo moxseniebuli winaswari Setyobineba, romelic oficialur gazeTSi
gamoqveynda. miuxedavad amisa, jonsoni mainc ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda
da arxisagan sajaro uaryofasa da bodiSis moxdas moiTxovda.
televiziis pasuxi: televiziis gancxadebiT, orive siuJeti zusti
da samarTliani iyo. am siuJetebis mizani iyo ara sxdomebis sajaroobis
Sesaxeb kanonis darRvevaSi vinmes dadanaSauleba, aramed im `uCveulo
garemoebebze~ miniSneba, romlebic Tan axlda aRniSnul sxdomebs. es iyo
sxdomebis Catarebis adreuli dro, patara sxdomaTa darbazi da sajaroobis mxriv damswreTa SezRuduli raodenoba. televiziam ganacxada, rom
informirebuli iyo oficialur gazeTSi gancxadebis ganTavsebis Sesaxeb
da sazogadoebis winaswari informireba pirvel siuJetSi `igulisxmeboda~ kidec. aseTi informacia televizias rom ar hqonoda, Sexvedra
Sefasdeboda, rogorc `saidumlo~ da ara rogorc `idumalebiT moculi~.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: Tqma imisa, rom aRniSnuli dilis sxdomebi
mxolod informaciis gacvla-gamocvlaa, niSnavs imis ignorirebas, Tu
ra martivad ganixilavs sabWos umravlesoba sakiTxebs, aTanxmebs poziciebs da sabWos oficialuri sxdomebis repeticias gadis. Wiqa yavasTan
miRweuli konsensusi Seusabamoa mTavrobis gamWvirvaleobis cnebasTan,
gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac saqme im oficialur pirebs exebaT, romelTaganac TiToeuli 100 aTasze met adamians warmoadgens da sazogadoebrivi biujetis mniSvnelovan kontrols axorcielebs. sainformacio saSualebebis funqciaa, agresiulad gaaSuqos arCeuli xelisuflebis saqmianoba.
sxdomebis sajaroobis kanoniT dawesebuli moTxovnebis mxolod minimalurad dakmayofileba, sxdomaTa patara darbazi, winaswar dabeWdili
dRis wesrigis ararseboba da adreuli dro, ubiZgebs televizias, daaxasiaTos aRniSnuli Sexvedrebi ise, rogorc man es gaakeTa. am faqtorebs
aseve mivyavarT mosazrebamde, rom wevrebs ar surdaT sxdomebis farTod
gaSuqeba da maqsimaluri sajarooba. sabWo Tvlis, rom televizia maRalprofesiul doneze da pasuxismgeblobis sruli SegrZnebiT moqmedebda
da pativs scems televiziis survils, saTanadod gaaSuqos mniSvnelovani
da uflebamosili sajaro organoebis moqmedebebi.
rac Seexeba anonimuri wyaroebis gamoyenebas, sabWom aRniSna, rom Tu
media ar akonkretebs konkretuli informaciis wyaros, man unda miawodos

48

anonimuri wyaroebi

sazogadoebas detaluri informacia am gadawyvetilebis Taobaze, raTa sazogadoeba yuradRebiT moekidos mikerZoebasa da uzustobebs, romelTac
SesaZloa, adgili hqondeT anonimuri wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi. sabWos azriT,
yovelTvis umjobesia wyaroebis dasaxeleba, Tuki es SesaZlebelia.
sabWom televiziis winaaRmdeg saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
18 seqtemberi, 1980

koalicia progresuli DFL-isaTvis

`duluT-nius-tribunis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: koaliciam progresuli DFL-isaTvis iCivla, rom duluTnius-tribunma ver moiZia arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi im braldebebis dasadastureblad, romlebic man statiaSi koaliciis mier finansebis mozidvis mcdelobebTan dakavSirebiT gaakeTa. momCivanis TqmiT, momdevno
statia araadekvaturad ganmartavda im gaugebrobebs, rac pirvel publikacias mohyva.
sagazeTo masalis mixedviT, koaliciam, imJamindeli senatoris, jorj
perpiCis saxeliT, finansuri ganacxadi gaugzavna vaSingtonSi tradiciuli konservatoruli interesebisa da korporaciuli politikuri aqtivobis komitetebs (PAC s). gazeTma agreTve aRniSna, rom es Txovna
`bolo 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi~ miiRes. perpiCma cota xnis win gadawyvita,
kenWi eyara me-8 olqidan kongresSi. misi mowinaaRmdege DFL-is mier wardgenili kongresmeni unda yofiliyo. gazeTis TqmiT, man finansuri ganacxadis asli `kompaniis inkognito warmomadgenlisagan~ miiRo,
romlis vinaobac publikaciaSi ar dasaxelebula.
finansuri ganacxadi ori werilisgan Sedgeboda. erTs koaliciis Tavmjdomare tom piki awerda xels, xolo meores perpiCi. koalicia progresuli DFL-isaTvis partiis erTgul mxardamWerTa gaerTianebaa, romelic
miznad isaxavs partiis SigniT saerTo interesebisa da konservatoruli
dajgufebebis gavlenis Sesustebas. sagazeTo masalis Tanaxmad, tom piki
ganacxadSi perpiCisaTvis 100-dan 200 aTas dolaramde kontribucias iTxovda, xolo perpiCi Tavis werilSi sakuTar gamocdilebasa da programis Tezisebs warmoadgenda. sagazeTo statia Seicavda perpiCis komentarebs, sadac is gakvirvebas gamoTqvamda politikuri komitetebisa da biznesis warmomadgenlebisaTvis gagzavnili ganacxadis gamo.
pikis saCivarSi naTqvami iyo, rom sagazeTo statia bevr bundovan, SecdomaSi Semyvan gancxadebas da faqtobriv Secdomas Seicavda. man ganmartebebi misca gazeTs, Tumca momdevno werili, romelic pikTan saubris Semdeg

49

redaqciam gamoaqveyna, pikis TqmiT, pirvel werilSi arsebul gaugebrobebs

imeorebda. pikma sabWos sxdomaze ganacxada, rom pirvelma statiam Seqmna
STabeWdileba, TiTqos koaliciam daarRvia sakuTari wesdeba, romelic
ukrZalavda mis wevrebs kontribuciis gakeTebas an muSaobas DFL-is mier
mxardaWerili kandidatis metoqisaTvis. piki amtkicebda, rom werili perpiCisaTvis Tanxebis gamoyofis Sesaxeb ori kviriT adre gaigzavna, vidre koalicia mxardaWeris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas miiRebda.
pikma agreTve aRniSna, rom gazeTi mas komentarisaTvis ar dakavSirebia, miuxedavad imisa, rom masalaSi misi saxeli gamoiyena da misi werilis
citirebac moaxdina.
pikis azriT, SesaZloa vinmes surda koaliciis da perpiCis diskreditacia da am mizniT gagzavna werilebi vaSingtonSi, hqonda ra imedi, rom
es werilebi gamoqveyndeboda. pikis TqmiT, gazeTma araadekvaturad warmoadgina koaliciis mxare da daeyrdno anonimur wyaroebs, romelTaganac
informaciis udidesi nawili miiRo. Tumca, gazeTi amtkicebda, rom koaliciam daarRvia wesdeba, roca ganacxadi konvenciis miRebis Semdeg
gaagzavna.
piki ukmayofilo iyo agreTve am ori masalis ganTavsebiT gazeTSi.
pirveli statia iyo meore gverdze, sxva axal ambebTan erTad, xolo meore
_ me-8 gverdze, es ukanaskneli moculobiTac SedarebiT mcire iyo, hqonda patara saTauri da nekrologebis gverdiT iyo ganTavsebuli.
gazeTis pasuxi: gazeTis gancxadebiT, misi wyaroebis sarwmunooba eWvgareSe iyo da rom man ixila werilis erTze meti asli, Tanac araerTi wyarosagan. amas garda, redaqciis TqmiT, man ver daadgina, iyo Tu ara werili
miRebuli pirdapir koaliciisgan, Tumca scada am informaciis miReba.
gazeTi amtkicebda, rom pikis werilis pirveli winadadebis gageba SeiZleba,
rogorc 100-dan 200 aTas dolaramde Tanxis moTxovna PAC-is mier.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: gasagebia, rom gazeTma gamoitana daskvna, rom
koaliciam iTxova dafinanseba vaSingtonidan, magram pirveli statiis
dabeWdvamde mas unda gaerkvia werilis warmomavloba. erTia ambobde,
rom raRac `hgavs~ raRacas da meore ki _ gqondes faqtebi amis dasamtkiceblad.
mas Semdeg, rac perpiCma Tavisi gakvirveba gamoxata im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom biznes interesebma koaliciis werili miiRo mis sasargeblod Tanxebis moZiebis Sesaxeb, gazeTs unda miemarTa koaliciisaTvis
da gancxadebis gakeTeba eTxova misTvis. es rom gaekeTebina, gaigebda im
akrZalvis Sesaxeb, romelic arasasurveli kandidatis mxardaWeras Seexeboda. garda amisa, sabWos azriT, werilSi iyo Txovna 2-dan 100 dolaramde
Semowirulobaze TiToeuli wevrisagan da ara 100 000-dan 200 000 dolaramde, rogorc amas gazeTi acxadebda.
sabWos gancxadebiT, Tu sainformacio saSualeba gadawyvets, daicvas

50

anonimuri wyaroebi

wyaros konfidencialuroba, man amis Sesaxeb auditorias unda acnobos,

raTa is yuradRebiT moekidos SesaZlo uzustobebs masalaSi. gazeTma es
ver gaakeTa. sabWom agreTve gamoTqva SeSfoTeba imis gamo, rom gazeTma
am publikaciaSi anonimuri wyaroebi gamoiyena. Tu koaliciam marTlac
mimarTa minesotas biznes jgufebs perpiCis mxardasaWerad, ratom ver
moZebna gazeTma vinme, vinc isurvebda imis dadasturebas, rom werili
marTlac koaliciam gaagzavna?
sabWos SefasebiT, meore statiamac ver moaxerxa imis naTelyofa, rac
pirveli publikaciis Semdeg bundovani darCa. amdenad, sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars gazeTis winaaRmdeg.
3 ivnisi, 1980

ernest lindstromi
`iunion advokasis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: Statis warmomadgenelma da umravlesobis liderma ernest
a. lindstromma Tavis saCivarSi ganacxada, rom iunion advokasma mis mimarT or publikaciaSi uzustoba dauSva da cili daswama mas. statiebi
Statis sakanonmdeblo organoSi gavlenis mosyidvas exeboda. momCivanis
gancxadebiT, gazeTs saTanado Zalisxmeva ar gamouCenia, raTa erTmaneTze
miyolebiT gamoqveynebuli am ori publikaciis sizuste gadaemowmebina.
iunion advokasi sen polis regionSi gamomavali yovelkvireuli gazeTia,
romelic umTavresad leiboristebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.
1971 wlis ivlisSi minesotas sakanonmdeblo organo sagangebo orTvian sesiaze Seikriba, raTa axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi mieRo. 27 ivliss
sadilis Sesvenebaze sen polis restoranSi erTmaneTs Sexvdnen lindstromi, sagadasaxado komitetis ori wevri, alkoholuri sasmelebis biznesis lobisti da misi eqvsi megobari. saRamos sesiaze komitetma xma misca
sagadasaxado kanons, romelic ar iTvaliswinebda gadasaxadebis zrdas
ludsa da alkoholian sasmelebze.
28 ivliss gazeTis redaqtorma miiRo Setyobineba sami sxvadasxva wyarodan xsenebuli sadilisa da misi monawileebis Sesaxeb, naTqvami iyo
isic, rom maspinZeli alkoholuri sasmelebis biznesis lobisti iyo da
sadilis safasuric man gadaixada. arc erTi wyaro Tavad restoranSi ar
yofila, magram maT miuTiTes aRniSnuli sadilis rva TviTmxilvel mowmeze. dasaxelebuli rva mowmidan xuTma gazeTs informacia telefoniT
daudastura. pirveli statia am Temaze iunion advokasis 5 agvistos nomerSi gamoqveynda.
publikaciis Semdeg sadilis erT-erTma monawilem gazeTs miswera,

51

rom maTi informacia yalbi iyo. es werili 12 agvistos masalaSi iyo gamoyenebuli, romelic wina publikaciis gancxadebebs imeorebda da kvlav
acxadebda, rom am adamianebma erTad isadiles.
sarCelis dasabuTebis mizniT da gamoqveynebuli statiebis siyalbisa
da cilismwamebluri xasiaTis dasturad, ganxilvisas lindstromma warmoadgina myari mtkicebulebebi imisa, rom mas namdvilad ar usadilia
biznes-lobistTan erTad da arc misi stumari yofila.
gazeTis pasuxi: gazeTs sakuTari masalis mxardasaWerad faqtobrivi
mtkicebulebebi ar warmoudgenia. redaqciam daicva informaciis wyaroTa
konfidencialuroba. redaqtorma aRiara, rom arc erTi aspeqti ar gadaumowmebia arc kanonmdeblebTan da arc lobistebTan, radgan `eqskluzivis~ SenarCuneba undoda da ganacxada, rom informatorebis sityvas
mTlianad endo.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: gazeTis publikacia arazusti iyo. redaqciam
Secdoma jer maSin dauSva, roca wyaroebs endo da Semdeg, roca sakuTari
interpretacia misca 27 ivlisis movlenebs. amiT gazeTis Jurnalistebma
sakuTari profesiuli movaleobebi daarRvies.
sabWom saCivars mxari dauWira.
17 seqtemberi, 1971

ronald dikliCi KBJR-TV-is winaaRmdeg

saCivari: ronald dikliCma, sabWos wevrma hibingidan (sentluisis olqi), KBJR-TV-is mis eTerSi gasuli ori daudasturebeli da usafuZvlo
reportaJis gamo uCivla. telearxi, meorexarisxovan anonimur wyaroebze
dayrdnobiT, roland dikliCs sajaro piris Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis
mizniT, SeTqmulebis mowyobaSi adanaSaulebda.
1977 wlis 13 ivniss telearxma 6 da 10 saaTian axal ambebSi ganacxada,
rom sami sabWos wevri saidumlod gegmavda sentluisis olqis dagegmarebisa da regionalizaciis xelmZRvanelis moxsnas. televiziis mier dadanaSaulebulma sabWos erT-erTma wevrma dikliCma ganacxada, rom xsenebuli siuJetebi sruli siyalbe iyo da ufro metad yurmokrul Worebs
emyareboda, vidre realur faqts.
sainformacio samsaxuris ufrosis dik goTSeldis TqmiT, reportaJi
Tavad dagegmarebisa da regionalizaciis xelmZRvanelis informacias eyrdnoboda. misive TqmiT, erT-erTi wyaro iyo sainformacio samsaxuris redaqtori, romlis Zmac siuJetSi xsenebul sabWos wevrTa Soris erT-erTi
iyo. siuJeti aseve ramodenime anonimur wyaros eyrdnoboda. siuJetis avtors
arc erTi sabWos wevrisTvis informaciis gadamowmebis mizniT ar miumarTavs.

52

anonimuri wyaroebi

yvelaze sandod goTSeldi im TanamSromlis informacias Tvlida, romlis

Zmac uSualod CarTuli iyo procesebSi. goTSeldi aRiarebda, rom anonimur
wyaroebs ar hqondaT zusti informacia saidumlo Sexvedris, an SeTqmulebis
detalebis Sesaxeb, margam sainformacio samsaxuris xelmZRvanelma sabWos
ganucxada, rom mas saidumlo krebis Sesaxeb goTSeldTan saubari ar hqonia
da rom man informacia kolegebisagan miiRo.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: (es iyo sabWos pirveli gadawyvetileba samauwyeblo arxis winaaRmdeg. 1977 wlis gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, sabWom Tavisi moqmedebis areali samauwyeblo mediazec ganavrco.)
telearxma ver moaxerxa gavrcelebuli Worebis pirvelwyaros dadgena. urTierTsawinaaRmdego informaciebis nakadSi ver daadgina simarTle im saidumlo SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb, romlis Taobazec sul cota ori
wyaro saubrobda. rogorc lindstromis saqmeSia miTiTebuli, `akmayofilebs Tu ara Tavad Jurnalists mis mier moZiebuli masalis sizuste
da WeSmaritebis xarisxi, Jurnalistis da misi gazeTis gadasawyvetia.
magram Tu masala daibeWda, an eTerSi gavida, misi sarwmunooba da simarTle unda dadasturdes faqtebiT, miT ufro saTanado moTxovnis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. Tu informatorTa vinaoba ar mJRavndeba, gazeTi an televizia valdebulia, warmoudginos sabWos masalis damadasturebeli sxva faqtebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sabWo gadawyvets,
rom aseTi faqtebi ar arsebobs da gazeTi (an televizia), misTvis cnobili mizezebiT, amjobinebs, ar warmoadginos damadasturebeli faqtebi da Sesabamisad, Tanaxmaa, rom sakiTxze msjeloba sxvaTa mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT moxdes.~
cxadia, informaciis mopovebis dros aris garemoebebi, rodesac wyaros gamJRavneba SeuZlebelia, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom masalis
sarwmunoobisa da damajereblobis xarisxi izrdeba, Tu konkretuli
wyaroebi identificirebulia da mcirdeba, Tu informatorTa dakonkreteba ar xdeba. `Tu axali ambebis organizacia sakuTari wyaroebis dacvas gadawyvets da maTi dasaxelebisagan Tavs ikavebs, igi valdebulia,
Seatyobinos mkiTxvelebs, rom wyaroebma anonimurobis SenarCuneba
moiTxoves, raTa auditoria sifrTxiliT moekidos SesaZlo uzustobebs aseTi tipis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT momzadebul masalebSi.~
mocemul SemTxvevaSi arxis mier momzadebuli siuJeti oficialuri
piris sawinaaRmdego saidumlo gegmis Sesaxeb usafuZvlo da dausabuTebeli iyo da mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda imisagan, rasac Cven pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse Jurnalistikis standartebs vuwodebT.
sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars telearxis winaaRmdeg.
11 agvisto, 1977

53

6. interesTa konfliqti

nensi barnesi
`poup qaunTi tribunis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: nensi barnesma poup qaunTi tribuns sabWoSi uCivla da
ganacxada, rom gazeTma ver SeZlo samarTlianad da adekvaturad gaeSuqebina braldeba sqesobrivi niSniT diskriminaciis Sesaxeb firma uotkins
earkraft seport prodaqtis (WASP, glenvudi) winaaRmdeg.
1985 wels qalaqma glenvudma miiRo granti minesotas patara qalaqebis
ganviTarebis programidan. qalaqma uotkins Tavisi saqmianobis gafarToebis mizniT grantis fondidan sesxi misca, xolo glenvudis ganviTarebis
korporacias daavala angariSis momzadeba da sesxis dabrunebis uzrunvelyofa, masve daevala Tanxebis reinvesticia sxva momgebian proeqtebSi.
1987 wlis 6 aprils minesotas energetikisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis departamentma (DEED) mers weriliT mimarTa, romliTac acnoba,
rom firma uotkinsis TanamSromlebisagan miiRo werili, romelSic
naTqvami iyo, rom kompania `qalTa mimarT diskriminaciul politikas
atarebda samsaxurSi miRebis dros da saerTod, muSaobis procesSi~.
Tu es faqti dadasturdeboda, departamentis gancxadebiT, ueWvelad
imoqmedebda grantze. qalaqis samsaxurebs saqmis gamoZieba daevalaT.
1987 wlis 10 aprils merma miswera departaments, rom `maT
diskriminaciis faqtebs ver miakvlies~.
daaxloebiT ori Tvis Semdeg momCivanma nensi barnesma glenvud sitis
sabWos komisiaze orgverdiani moxseneba waradgina, romelSic uotkinsSi
sqesobrivi niSniT diskriminaciaze iyo saubari. aqve iyo dasmuli kiTxvebi grantebis administrirebasTan dakavSirebiT. momxsenebelma aRniSna,
rom proeqts qalaqis mxridan saTanado ganxilva da gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba sWirdeboda. barnesma ganacxada, rom `ramodenime TanamSromelma qalma~ diskriminaciisa da Seviwrovebis faqtebze misi, rogorc
minesotas qalTa fondis konsultantis yuradReba jer kidev gasuli
wlis martSi gaamaxvila. barnesma jon stouns, romelic komisiis sxdomas
aSuqebda, gadasca orgverdiani presrelizi, sadac detalurad iyo CamoTvlili diskriminaciis faqtebi, maT Soris vest centralis qarxanaSi, romelsac uotkinsi marTavda. imave dokumentSi ori momCivani qalbatonis
gvaric iyo dasaxelebuli.

54

interesTa konfliqti

stounma am movlenebs poup qaunTi tribunSi ori publikacia miuZRvna,

orive sakuTari xelmoweriT. erT-erT nomerSi stounma saredaqcio masalac dawera, saTauriT `amisaTvis ukeT unda moevloT~, romelSic stounma barnesis presrelizi gaakritika da daicva uotkinsis saqmianoba, rogorc sazogadoebisaTvis ekonomikurad momgebiani. gazeTis Semdeg nomerSi gamoqveynda barnesis werili redaqciisadmi, sadac is acxadebda,
rom wina publikacia tendenciuri iyo.
11 seqtembers adamianis uflebaTa dacvis departamentma ganacxada, rom
miagno diskriminaciuli qmedebebis SesaZlo mizezs, rac gazeTma srulad da
samarTlianad gaaSuqa, Tumca erTi kviris Semdeg firmis mimarT simpaTiebiT
gamsWvaluli kidev erTi saredaqcio statia dabeWda, saTauriT
`keTilSobiluri miznebi, rogorc Cans, arasakmarisia~. mogvianebiT imave
Temas kidev erTi publikacia mieZRvna, saTauriT `kargi ambebi~, romelic
exeboda mosazrebebs kvlevaze, Tu ratom SeiZleba gadarCes zogierTi patara
qalaqi, zogi ki _ vera. aqve naxsenebi iyo, rom warmatebul sazogadoebebs ar
hyavT cudi gagebiT konservatori liderebi, romlebic uars amboben
cvlilebebze, magram `axalbedebs lideris rols sTavazoben~. barnesma
kidev erTi werili miswera redaqcias, sadac aRniSnavda, rom `gamoZiebam
gansakuTrebulad gausva xazi `qalTa daniSvnas xelmZRvanel postebze~
da rom saredaqcio masalaSi am faqtis araRniSvna kidev erTxel adasturebda,
Tu raoden mikerZoebuli iyo gazeTi redaqtorma werils daurTo minaweri,
romelSic uaryofda tendenciurobas.
ganxilva da gadawyvetilebebi:
1. dagvianebuli publikacia _ pirveli braldebis Tanaxmad, gazeTs
ar unda moecada 10 agvistomde, raTa sqesobrivi niSniT diskriminaciis
Tema gaeSuqebina. meris ganacxadi, rom misi davalebiT warmoebulma gamoZiebam ver aRmoaCina diskriminaciis faqtebi, imdenad operatiuli iyo,
rom gamoZiebis zedapirulobaze metyvelebda. meores mxriv, Cans, adamianis uflebaTa departamenti sakuTar konfidencialur gamoZiebas awarmoebda da saqmeSi CarTuli mxareebi mis angariSs elodebodnen. Tavis
droze stouns miawodes informacia, rom diskriminaciis sakiTxi damuSavebis procesSi iyo da savaraudod damakmayofileblad gadawydeboda.
ganviTarebis korporacia ivlisSi ar Sekrebila.
4 agvistos, krebaze barnesis gamosvlis Sedegad, saqmes sajaro msvleloba mieca. gazeTma dauyovnebliv gamoaqveyna misi braldebebi, amdenad,
sabWom ver dainaxa raime Seusabamoba tribunis mxridan reagirebis TvalsazrisiT. patara qalaqebisaTvis Zalze mtkivneulia biznesis ganviTarebis, samuSao adgilebis sakiTxebi, meores mxriv ki, am qalaqebSi mcxovrebi
mosaxleoba gansakuTrebiT mwvaved ganicdis Tanamedrove socialur problematikas, gansakuTrebiT uflebebis dacvisa da Tanasworobis kuTxiT.
adgilobrivi gazeTi am faqtorebis dabalansebas Seecada, ar aCqarda da

55

moarul xmebze dayrdnobas, saboloo versiis gamokveTamde dalodeba arCia.

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi statia arazusti, usamarTlo da naCqarevi iqneboda.
pirvel saCivars sabWom mxari ar dauWira.
2. usamarTlo gaSuqeba _ meore saCivari gaSuqebis problemas exeboda.
10 agvistos nomerSi problema arasworad da usamarTlod iyo gaSuqebuli. stouns unda eTqva, rom interesTa konfliqti hqonda da Tavad iyo
ganviTarebis korporaciis vice-prezidenti. axali ambebis sabWom yuradRebiT gadaxeda statiebs da miuxedavd iq aRmoCenili mcire uzustobebisa, Tvlis, rom yvela mxaris pozicia samarTlianad da adekvaturadaa gaSuqebuli. rac Seexeba avtors, sabWo Tvlis, rom stouni movale
iyo, ecnobebina sazogadoebisaTvis sakuTari kavSiris Sesaxeb ganviTarebis korporaciasTan.
am saCivars sabWom mxari ar dauWira, magram daeTanxma im nawilSi,sadac
redaqtorisa da korporaciis urTierTkavSirze iyo saubari, ris Sesaxebac mkiTxvelTa informireba ar momxdara.
3. werilebi redaqtors _ mesame saCivari exeboda barnesis sam werils
redaqtoris saxelze, romelTagan redaqtorma samives daurTo minaweri.
zogadad sabWo Tvlis, rom umjobesia, Tu redaqtori ar daurTavs sakuTar minawers mis saxelze gamogzavnil werilebs, Tu es Sesworebis aucileblobiT an werilis avtoris identificirebiT ar aris ganpirobebuli.
redaqtori unda moeridos minaweris gamoyenebas werilis avtorTan
SekamaTebis mizniT. es niSnavs, rom redaqtors `bolo sityvis~ ufleba
rCeba, rac usamarTlobad aRiqmeba da rac aris kidec usamarTloba. Tu
redaqtors pasuxis gacema surs, mas amis gakeTeba calke svetSi SeuZlia.
sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars.
seqsisturi terminologia: momCivanis gancxadebiT, erT-erT saredaqcio masalaSi misi misamarTiT naTqvami fraza, imis Taobaze, rom is
`kenkavs~ olqis oficialur pirTa xelidan, seqsisturia. Tumca sabWo
ar Tvlis, rom masalis konteqstSi es termini qaTamiviT kenkvas niSnavda.
aseTi ganmarteba masalaSi ar yofila da, vfiqrobT, arc igulisxmeboda.
sabWom uaryo meoTxe saCivari.
18 marti, 1988

korporacia `speqtrumi~
`mineapolis sTar tribunis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: sakabelo televizia speqtrumis vice-prezidentma da generalurma direqtorma brius brisbanma sabWoSi Setanil saCivarSi im Sec-

56

interesTa konfliqti

domis Sesworeba moiTxova, romelic mineapolis sTar tribunis popularul sportul svetSi gavida da speqtrums ziani miayena. momCivani Sesworebis Tanazomadi formiT gamoqveynebas moiTxovda _ imave svetSi an
masTan axlos. brisbani aseve brals sdebda svetis avtors interesTa konfliqtSi, radgan igi tribunis garda, speqtrumis uSualo biznes konkurentis mier iyo daqiravebuli.
1984 wlis 17 ianvars sid hartmanis mineapolis staris sportul svetSi
gamoCnda masala, romelic gund `minesota Tvinsis~ sagadasaxado deklaraciebs Seexeboda. statia Seicavda gancxadebas: `1,8 mln. dolaridan,
romelic minesota Tvinsma gasul wels dakarga, 600 aTasi iuridiul
xarjebs moxmarda, maT Soris sarCels sakabelo televizia speqtrumis
winaaRmdeg~. gancxadeba araswori iyo. sarCeli minesota Tvinsisa da
norT sTaris winaaRmdeg miduesT radio da komunikeiSens hqonda Setanili da speqtrumi procesSi mxolod mesame mxared iyo miwveuli. speqtrumma Secdoma gaaprotesta da meore dRes gazeTma Sesworebac dabeWda.
Sesworebis teqsti brisbanis moTxovnis Sesabamisad iyo formulirebuli
da masSi isic iyo naTqvami, rom 600 aTasi dolaris odenobiT iuridiuli
xarjebi, rac Tvinsma gaiRo moxmarda speqtrumisa da gundis dacvas miduesT radios mier inicirebul sasamarTlo procesSi.
speqtrumma sabWos, Sesworebis ganTavsebis adgilis gamo mimarTa. gazeTma Sesworeba mesame gverdis a seqciaSi gamoaqveyna. speqtrumis mtkicebiT, Sesworeba sportul seqciaSi unda dabeWdiliyo, an hartmanis
sportul svetTan axlos, radganac mas farTo mkiTxveli hyavda. speqtrumis gancxadebiT, im adamianTa umetesoba, romelmac pirveli, mcdari
gancxadeba hartmanis svetSi waikiTxa, meore dRes sxva seqciaSi ganTavsebul Sesworebas ver naxavda.
gazeTis pasuxi: gazeTi daeTanxma mosazrebas, rom Sesworebebis
samarTliani politika gulisxmobs mkiTxvelebis yuradRebis gamaxvilebas Sesworebebze. redaqciis azriT, am politikis saukeTeso gamoxatulebaa is, rom bolo rva wlis manZilze gazeTi yvela Sesworebas yovelTvis mesame gverdis a seqciaSi aTavsebda. redaqcia darwmunebuli iyo am
proceduris samarTlianobasa da adekvaturobaSi.
gadawyvetileba: sabWo miesalma Sesworebebis standartul politikas,
romelsac gazeTi atarebda. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, Secdomis bunebisa da
garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sabWom CaTvala, rom Sesworebis ganTavseba
gazeTSi samarTlianad da adekvaturad moxda da saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
Tumca, sabWom zogadad aRniSna, rom Sesworebas Tan unda sdevdes
gaazrebuli konteqsti da is imgvarad unda iyos miwodebuli, rom mkiTxvelTa an msmenelTa yuradReba miipyros. saredaqcio politikis pativiscemis miuxedavad, sabWom ar gamoricxa iseTi SemTxvevebis SesaZlebloba, rodesac Sesworebis mesame gverdze dabeWdva araadekvaturi reagi-

57

reba SeiZleba aRmoCndes. gamonaklisebi aseTive damokidebulebas moiTxovs da sid hartmanis sportuli sveti swored aseTi gamonaklisia. faqtia, rom gansakuTrebuli auditoria, romelic am svets kiTxulobs, zogadad ar kiTxulobs gazeTis mesame gverds. ufro metic, Tu mkiTxveli,
romelic Sesworebebs eZebs, gazeTs mesame gverdze gadaSlis, im mkiTxvels, romelmac hartmanis svetSi es ironiuli gancxadeba waikiTxa, araviTari motivi imisa, rom gazeTi mesame gverdze gadafurclos, ara aqvs.
sabWom urCia gazeTs, rodesac Secdoma aseT popularul da specifikur
svetSi fiqsirdeba, rogoric hartmanis sportuli svetia, Sesworebac
igive svetSi an masTan axlos ganaTavsos.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, sabWom aRiara, rom ziani, romelic speqtrums miadga, winaswarganzraxuli xasiaTis ar yofila. sabWos azriT,
marTalia, hartmani aseve speqtrumis konkurent radioqselSi muSaobda,
magram es urTierTobebi dafaruli ar yofila da sazogadoebisaTvis kargad cnobili iyo. amdenad, sabWom safuZvlianad CaTvala varaudi, rom am
garemoebas daSvebul SecdomasTan raime kavSiri ar hqonia. hartmans kontraqtis safuZvelze hqonda ufleba, emuSava rogorc gazeTSi, aseve radioSi. sabWom usafuZvlod miiCnia braldeba, TiTqos hartmanis 17 ianvris
publikacia interesTa konfliqtze miuTiTebda da arc am nawilSi dauWira mxari saCivars.
gansxvavebuli mosazreba: sabWos orma wevrma miRebuli gadawyvetileba araTanmimdevrulad miiCnia. maTi azriT, hartmanis svetis mkiTxvelebisaTvis kvlavac ucnobi darCa, iyo Tu ara es winaswarganzraxuli
Secdoma, romelmac ziani miayena speqtrums, Tu sakabelo televiziis
xseneba mxolod periferiuli iyo. gazeTs Sesworeba hartmanis svetSi
unda daebeWda, ara imitom, rom momCivanisaTvis miyenebuli ziani Seemsubuqebina, aramed im mizniT, rom sakuTari mkiTxvelebis ukeT informireba
moexdina. hartmanis xangrZlivi urTierTobebi arsebuli sasamarTlo
procesis meore mxaresTan ar miuTiTebs interesTa konfliqtze, magram
am faqts biZgi unda mieca gazeTisaTvis, raTa mas meti yuradReba gamoeCina SecdomiT gamowveuli gaugebrobebis gamosasworeblad.
ianvari, 1984

opermeni da makdonahi
`sTiluoTer gazet~-is winaaRmdeg
saCivari: vans opermani da uiliam makdonahi 1976 wlis senatis arCevnebSi geral sikorskis saarCevno kampaniis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. maTi

58

interesTa konfliqti

saCivris Tanaxmad, sTiluoTer gazetis gamomcemeli manipulirebda gazeTis rubrikiT, `werilebi redaqtors~, sadac mudmivad sikorskis sawinaaRmdego da misi oponentis mxardasaWeri masalebi qveyndeboda.
sikorski saarCevno kampaniaSi CaerTo, rogorc leiboristebis (DFL)
kandidati. agvistos Sua ricxvebSi senatorma respublikuri partiidan
gadadgomis Sesaxeb ganacxada da arCevnebSi respublikeli devid milsi
CaerTo. gazeTis gamomcemeli milsis saarCevno komitetSi muSaobda da
saarCevno kampanias 5000 dolaris odenobis piradi SenataniTac daexmara.
gazafxulze sikorskis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kritikuli publikaciebis Semdeg gazeTma uari ganacxada sikorskis mxardasaWerad werilis
gamoqveynebaze, miuTiTa ra saredaqcio politikaze, romlis Tanaxmadac,
ikrZaleboda iseTi werilebis gamoqveyneba, romelSic konkretuli politikuri kandidati an oficialuri piri iyo moxseniebuli. meore werili
redaqciam igive safuZvelze uaryo da werilebis politikis Sesaxeb gancxadebac gamoaqveyna Sesabamiss gverdze.
ramodenime kviris Semdeg gazeTma ugulebelyo sakuTari politika
da kvlav sikorskis sawinaaRmdego werilebis gamoqveyneba daiwyo. sikorskis sawinaaRmdego Sinaarsis Svidi werilidan ramodenime seriozul
braldebas Seicavda mis moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT. gazeTma makdonahis ori werili gamoaqveyna, romelSic braldebebs uaryofda, magram sikorskis mxardamWerTa werilebi gazeTSi ar gamoqveynebula. redaqciam
aseve uari Tqva, gamoeqveynebina kongresis warmomadgenelTa mier damowmebuli, magram xelmouwereli werili, sikorskis dasacavad.
gadawyvetileba: gazeTebma unda daaweson kargad gaazrebuli kontroli rogorc werilebis svetze, aseve imaze, Tu ra sixSiriT ixileba esa
Tu is sakiTxebi; ramdenad aris warmoCenili yvela Tvalsazrisi, maT Soris moculobis mxriv. magram es politika Tanmimdevrulad da samarTlianad unda ganxorcieldes da Sesabamisad sazogadoebasac naTlad ganemartos.
misaRebia gazeTis mxridan saarCevno kampaniebis dros kandidatebis
mxardamWeri werilebis dabeWdvis akrZalva, magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es politika saTanadod ganmartebulia sazogadoebisaTvis, Tumca, politikis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, amis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda ecnobos sazogadoebas. am politikis gatarebisas redaqtorma samarTlianobis
principiT unda ixelmZRvanelos da Tanabrad moepyros yvela kandidats.
kargi Jurnalistika moiTxovs, rom werilebis sveti xelmisawvdomi iyos
maTTvisac, vinc gamomcemlis sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebs gamoxatavs.
sazogadoebis informirebis gareSe gazeTis politikis Secvlam da
Semdeg manipulirebam sikorskis diskriminacia gamoiwvia. is faqti, rom
gamomcemeli finansuradac uWerda mxars sikorskis oponents saarCevno
kampaniis dros da arCia sakuTari finansuri monawileobis Sesaxeb sazo-

59

gadoebis informireba ar moexdina kampaniis bolomde, mxolod aZlierebs

mis valdebulebas, samarTlianad da Tanasworad moepyros politikur
metoqes. Tu ibeWdeboda sikorskis sawinaaRmdego Sinaarsis werilebi, mis
mxardamWerebsac unda miscemodaT sikorskis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul
braldebebze pasuxis gacemis saSualeba.
sabWom gazeTis winaaRmdeg saCivari daakmayofila.
18 noemberi, 1976

minesotas ualkoholo sasmelebis

asociacia `mineapolis tribunis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: minesotas ualkoholo sasmelebis asociaciis lobistma deiv losim uCivla mineapolis tribuns imis gamo, rom man Segnebulad tendenciurad gaaSuqa sakiTxebi narCenebsa da savaldebulo gadasaxadebze
kanonproeqtebis Sesaxeb, rasac Statis sakanonmdeblo organo 1977 wlis
sesiaze ganixilavda.
losim uCivla gazeTs im mizeziT, rom am Temaze gamoqveynebuli sagazeTo masalebi uzustobebiT, gamotovebebiT, arasworad warmodgenili
SesworebebiT asaxavda saredaqcio politikas da gazeTis dainteresebas
aRniSnul situaciaSi (gazeTi narCenebis mwarmoebeli organizaciaa).
saCivari ZiriTadad Seexeboda saTaurs da lids, romelsac SecdomaSi
Sehyavda mkiTxveli; aseve savaldebulo gadasaxads, romelic arasworad
iyo gaSuqebuli; uzustobebs saredaqcio masalaSi. Secdomidan ramodenime kviris ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara zogierTi uzustobis uaryofa.
losi ZiriTadad exeboda mediis araswor rols.
gadawyvetileba: mtkicebulebebma daadastura faqtobrivi Secdomebi, romlebzec losi miuTiTebda. Secdomebi nawilobriv gazeTmac
aRiara. am TvalsazrisiT sabWom saCivars mxari dauWira.
sabWom uaryo mTavrobis mxridan presis regulirebis nebismieri forma da daicva gazeTis konstituciuri ufleba da movaleoba _ mediam, yovelgvari dabrkolebis gareSe, miukerZoeblad da sizustiT gaaSuqos axali ambebi redaqtoris svetSi. sabWosTvis kategoriulad miuRebeli aRmoCnda losis winadadeba, romlis Tanaxmadac, saredaqcio masalis avtorebsac unda moeTxovebodeT lobistebad registracia.
sabWom saCivari mxolod nawilobriv gaiziara.
28 ivlisi, 1977

60

interesTa konfliqti

sali everTi `sTiluoTer ivning gazetis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: vaSingtonis olqis yofilma rwmunebulma sali everTma saarCevno kampaniis dros sabWos warudgina saCivari, romelSic brals sdebda sTiluoTer ivning gazets usamarTlo qmedebebSi. saxeldobr:
1. gazeTma pirvel gverdze dabeWda oTx svetze gadaWimuli statia,
romelsac misi metoqis mxardasaWeri saTauri hqonda. statiaSi miTiTebuli iyo publikaciis avtoris gvari, Tumca ar iyo miTiTebuli, rom es
ukanaskneli gazeTis favoriti kandidatis saarCevno kampaniis wevri iyo.
2. gazeTma dabeWda misi oponentis samadlobeli werili stumrisaTvis gankuTvnil svetSi, fotos TanxlebiT, xolo Tavad everTis samadlobeli gamoaqveyna rubrikiT, `werili redaqtors~, fotos gareSe.
3. gazeTma gamoaqveyna kritikuli publikacia, rubrikiT `werili redaqtors~, Tumca ar miuTiTebia, rom werilis avtori misi metoqis saarCevno kampaniis menejeri iyo.
gazeTis pasuxi: gamomcemelma maik mahonma ganacxada, rom aRiara Secdomebi da everTis yvela saCivarze adekvaturi reagireba moaxdina:
3 gazeTma Secvala saredaqcio politika, ris Sedegadac
winasaarCevno kampaniis konteqstSi Semosuli masalebi pirvel
gverdze aRar ganTavsdeba.
3 everTis werilTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba
miiRes, Tumca es faqti usamarTlobad ar CauTvliad.
3 teqnikur Secdomad miiCnies is, rom ar yofila identificirebuli
werilis avtoris, everTis oponentis saarCevno StabTan kavSiri.
gadawyvetileba:
saCivari 1. axali ambebis sabWom erTxmad dauWira mxari saCivars. sabWos SefasebiT, statia, romelic gamoqveynda, rogorc axali ambavi, xolo
masalis avtori ar iyo identificirebuli rogorc saarCevno Stabis TanamSromeli, usamarTlo iyo. sabWos erT-erTma wevrma aRniSna, rom gazeTebis umetesobaSi wamyvan saavtoro statiebs gazeTis Statiani TanamSromlebi weren. naTelia, rom aseTi praqtika sTiluoTer gazetSi saerTod ar arsebobs.
saCivari 2. stumris sveti: sabWom aRiara, rom saarCevno kampaniis gaSuqebaze raime daskvnebis gamotana misTvis zogadad Zalze rTuli iyo.
sabWom everTis saCivars mxari dauWira, ganacxada ra, rom misi oponentisaTvis stumris svetis daTmoba da masalis fotoTi gaSveba maSin, rodesac momCivanisaTvis xelmisawvdomi iyo mxolod redaqciisadmi werilebis
gverdze mcire sagazeTo farTobi fotos gareSe, usamarTlo iyo.

61

7. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

mineapolisis policiis departamentis

Sefi jon loqsi KARE-TV-is winaaRmdeg
ganxilvas eswrebodnen mineapolisis policiis Sefi jon loqsi. KARETV-m uari Tqva daswrebazec da werilobiT pasuxzec. es ganxilva translirebuli iyo mineapolisis telekomunikaciebis qselis mier.
saCivari: mineapolisis policiis departamentis Sefma jon loqsma
KARE-TV-is winaaRmdeg sabWos sami braldeba warudgina:
1. KARE-TV-m ar daicva miRebuli Jurnalisturi standartebi,
rodesac moaxdina mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilis Cikagodan mineapolisSi
transportireba ise, rom ar gaufrTxilebia arc erTi qalaqis policia,
arc TviTmfrinavis piloti da arc daqiravebuli manqanis mZRoli.
2. KARE-TV-m ar daicva miRebuli Jurnalisturi standartebi, arc
gamoiCina saTanado sifrTxile mowmis usafrTxoebis mxriv, rodesac
moaxdina mowmis lokalizeba da masTan kontaqtis damyareba scada.
3. KARE-TV-m Seqmna erTgvari `komikuri~ atmosfero meore SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gamocxadda iq, sadac eWvmitanili unda Cabareboda policias (policiis StabTan) eWvmitanilis megobar gogonasTan erTad, romelic im droisaTvis policiis zedamxedvelobis qveS imyofeboda.
televiziis pasuxi: KARE-TV-m uari ganacxada mosmenaSi monawileobaze da sabWosTvis werilobiTi pasuxis gacemazec. magram upasuxa loqssac da sxvebsac. teleJurnalistma rik kupCelam ganacxada, rom telejgufma scada, daerwmunebina makkenzi (mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanili), Cabareboda policias CikagoSi, razec man uari Tqva. telearxis menejerma
tom lindnerma miuTiTa, rom Jurnalistebs xSirad mihyavdaT eWvmitanilebi CikagoSi, los-anjelesSi da niu-iorkSi. lindrenma `star tribunis~
Jurnalistebs uTxra, rom KARE-s gadawyvetilebaze didwilad imoqmeda
organizacia `mSvidobisaTvis gaerTianebul xalxTa~ damajerebelma
argumentma, rom makkenzi ar unda Cabarebuliyo, rogorc Tavad ambobdnen, `kameris dacvis gareSe~.
safuZveli: 1992 wlis 25 seqtembers mokles policiis oficeri jeri
haafi. ramodenime eWvmitanili daakaves da kidev erTs, mvati makkenzis
eZebdnen. jeri makafim da mSvidobis organizaciis wevrebma, aseve gan-

62

danaSaulis gaSuqeba

gsterulma koaliciam, sTxoves makkenzis Cabareboda policias, Tan moagvares misi Cikagodan mineapolisSi dabrunebis sakiTxi. maT SesTavazes
KARE-TV-s, moegvarebina transportirebisa da kameris Tanxlebis (eWvmitanilis usafrTxoebisaTvis) sakiTxi, sanacvlod ki eqskluziuri gaSuqebis SesaZlebloba SesTavazes.
1992 wlis 23 noembers KARE-TV-m daiqirava TviTmfrinavi da avtofurgoni ise, rom ar gaufrTxilebia policia arc CikagoSi da arc mineapolisSi. maT TviTmfrinavis pilotisTvis mgzavris vinaoba ar gaumxeliaT. swored am dros policia eWvmitanils eZebda. am incidentidan cota
xnis Semdeg adgili hqonda seriul gaupatiurebebSi eWvmitanilis Cabarebas, rasac policiis Sefma loqsim `media cirki~ uwoda. KARE-TV policiis saTao ofisTan miiWra furgoniT, romelSic eWvmitanilis megobari gogona iyo, policiam ki CaTvala, rom furgonSi Tavad eWvmitanili
ijda. loqsi esaubra KARE-TV-s xelmZRvanelobas am SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb.
imis gamo, rom telearxis xelmZRvanelobam daarwmuna policiis Sefi,
rom momavalSi isini policiasTan iTanamSromlebdnen, loqsma gadawyvita,
ar eCivla KARE-TV-isTvis axali ambebis sabWoSi.
1993 wlis aprilSi KARE cdilobda epova da interviu CamoerTva haafis mkvlelobis saqmeze dacvis qveS myofi mowmisaTvis. policia iZulebuli iyo adgilsamyofeli Seecvala mowmisaTvis. mowme cxovrobda
dupleqsSi, romelic naxanZrali iyo. KARE-m gaavrcela informacia, rom
xanZris gaCena SesaZloa mowmes ukavSiredeboda, miuxedavad policiis
mtkicebisa, rom maT gaSuqebamde erTi saaTiT adre gaafrTxiles telearxi, rom xanZari Senobis meore binadars ukavSirdeboda.
am incidentis Semdeg, loqsma gadawyvita eCivla axali ambebis sabWoSi,
radgan mixvda, rom telearxi aSkarad arRvevda maT Soris miRweul SeTanxmebas.
policiisa da mediis urTierToba: sakiTxis garkvevis mizniT, sabWom
ganixila wardgenili masalebi, romlebic sainformacio saSualebebsa da
samarTaldamcav organoebs Soris urTierTobebs awesrigebs. media da
policiis departamentebi mraval doneze urTierToben:
3 policiis daxmarebis mizniT, axali ambebis gamoSvebebi aqveyneben
eWvmitanilTa aRwerilobas.
3 policia saSualebas aZlevs Jurnalistebs, gadaiRon eWvmitanilis
foto an video gamosaxuleba, rac medias _ masalis ilustrirebaSi,
xolo policias sazogadoebriv azrze gavlenis moxdenaSi exmareba.
3 sainformacio saSualebebi zogjer ayovneben axali ambis gaSuqebas,
raTa policiam am dros eWvmitanilis dakaveba moaswros; amgvari
TanamSromlobis Sedegad, SesaZlebeli xdeba, policiam Tavidan
aicilos eWvmitanilis winaswari gafrTxilebis albaToba. dumilis
sanacvlod, policia zogjer eqskluzivis garantias aZlevs
mediasaSualebas.

63

axali ambebis gamoSveba metwilad policiis mier miwodebul

informacias eyrdnoba.
3 zogierTi axali ambebis samsaxuri Tanaxmaa, miawodos gamoZiebas
mis mier momzadebuli masala, maT Soris Canawerebi da sagamoZiebo
organoebs misces Cveneba.
meores mxriv, Jurnalistebi da policia arcTu iSviaTad sapirispiro
poziciebze aRmoCndebian xolme. zogjer policia ar gascems informacias zogjer ki media ver usadagebs Tavis naSroms policiis interesebs.
1981 wels axali ambebis erovnulma sabWom Caatara gamokiTxva samauwyeblo da beWdviTi mediis warmomadgenlebs Soris da gamosca bukleti,
saTauriT `danaSaulis gaSuqeba: ramdenad unda iTanamSromlon presam
da policiam?~ im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu aq moyvanili magaliTebi ar esadageba bukletSi aRwerils, aq wamoWrili sakiTxebi mainc universaluri
xasiaTisaa. bukletis avtoria a.h.raskini, niu-iork taimsis yofili
korespondenti da redaqtori, romelic gamocemas aseTi gafrTxilebiT
iwyebs: `Zalian mcirea Jurnalistikis iseTi sfero, romelsac moeZieba saTanado TanamSromlobis CarCoebi ufro rTulad gansasazRvri
_ an ufro moqnili praqtikaSi _ vidre is, romelsac redaqtorebi,
axali ambebis wamyvanebi da reportiorebi iyeneben Tavis urTierTobebSi policiasa da sxva Zalovan uwyebebTan~.
aqve moyvanilia redaqtorTa Tvalsazrisi presisa da policiis urTierTobebTan dakavSirebiT:
3 policia, romelic mowodebulia, akontrolos anomaliuri
qmedebebi, cdilobs, gaakontrolos informaciuli nakadic.
3 marTalia, media `TviTdaniSnulia~, magram sazogadoeba misgan
moelis mimdinare movlenebSi garkvevas da ar kmayofildeba
preskonferenciebze gakeTebuli oficialuri gancxadebebiT.
ganxilva: Sefma loqsma ganacxada, rom KARE-s upasuxismgeblo qmedebam safrTxe Seuqmna Tavad telejgufs, udanaSaulo adamianebs da policiis oficrebs. Jurnalistebi sakuTar Tavs usvamdnen SekiTxvas: Rirda ki is masala, romlis moZiebasac cdilobdnen im safrTxed, romelSic
isini Tavs igdebdnen? _ aRniSna loqsma da ikiTxa: `unda marTos Tu ara
19 wlis mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilma sistema?~
sabWos wevrebma hkiTxes loqss, misi azriT, rogor unda moqceuliyo
televizia, razec man upasuxa, rom aucileblad unda ecnobebina Cikagos
policiisaTvis. loqsma aRniSna, rom telearxma ar Seasrula dapirebebi
da eWvmitanili sazRvarze gadaiyvana. loqsma isic dasZina, rom telejgufs da policias adrec uTanamSromliaT, magram es molaparakebis Sedegad xdeboda.
gadawyvetileba 1: sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars imis Taobaze, rom
telearxma daarRvia miRebuli Jurnalisturi principebi, rodesac moax3

64

danaSaulis gaSuqeba

dina mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilis transportireba. marTalia, mizani keTilSobiluri iyo, magram, sabWos azriT, sainformacio saSualebam ugulebelyo iseTi mniSvnelovani principebi, rogoricaa _ neitraluroba,
damoukidebloba (unda Seasrulo sakuTari funqcia da ar moaxdino
policiis rolis uzurpacia), `ambis yidva~ da safrTxis minimalizeba. erTaderTi, rac telejgufis qmedebas amarTlebda, es iyo Tavad eWvmitanilis Txovna, usafrTxoebis mizniT, Cabareba mediis TanxlebiT momxdariyo.
gadawyvetileba 2: 8 xmiT 7-is winaaRmdeg, sabWom mxari dauWira saCivars, rom KARE-TV-m ar daicva misaRebi Jurnalisturi praqtika, roca
safrTxis winaSe daayena mowmis usafrTxoeba. mowmesTan dakavSireba, sabWos azriT, ojaxis wevrebis meSveobiT umjobesi iqneboda. telearxis warmomadgenlebis ganxilvaze gamoucxadeblobam am sakiTxze gadawyvetilebis miReba gaarTula.
gadawyvetileba 3: sabWom mxari ar dauWira loqsis saCivars imis Sesaxeb, rom telearxma `komikuri~ atmosfero Seqmna, rodesac eWvmitanilis megobari gogona miiyvana iq, sadac damnaSavis Cabareba unda momxdariyo. am SemTxvevaSi, sabWos azriT, potenciuri safrTxe erTob mcire
iyo da garda amisa, es qmedeba telearxis iniciativa ar yofila.
17 ivnisi, 1993

Crdilo berlingtonis rkinigza

WCCO-TV-is winaaRmdeg
saCivari: 1987 wlis 15 ivniss WCCO telearxiT SuadRis satelevizio
programaSi `niusdei~ gadaica siuJeti adgilobriv biznes aRmasrulebelze, romelic Tavisufal dros satvirTo matareblebze mgzavrobiT
irTobda Tavs. Crdilo berlingtonis rkinigzam am siuJetis gamo sabWoSi
saCivari Seitana da aRniSna, rom es iyo upasuxismgeblo Jurnalistikis
nimuSi, radgan telesiuJeti xotbas asxamda ukanono, maqsimalurad saxifaTo qmedebebs. sabWom naxa videoCanaweri da siuJetis Tanmxlebi teqstis werilobiTi varianti.
telesiuJetSi deiv nimerma da marsia flerma interviu aiRes tom stiuardisagan (StatgareSe Jurnalisti), romelic Tan axlda Tavgadasavlebis moyvarul biznesmens Crd. berlingtonis satvirTo matarebliT
mgzavrobisas, tvin siTidan la kroseSi da ukan. mgzavroba translirebuli iyo televiziiT. stiuartma siuJetSi aRniSna, rom `is, rasac es
adamiani akeTebs, ukanono da saxifaToa, xolo CvenTvis Zalzed mimzidveli~. Tavad biznesmenma isaubra `SeuzRudav Tavisuflebaze, Tavgadasavlebze da momxiblav sportze, romelsac mcire xniT sicoc-

65

xlis safrTxis qveS dayeneba hqvia~. siuJetSi gamoCnda mamakaci, romelic rkinigzis ezoSi imaleboda, xolo Semdeg marcvleulis cariel vagons Seaxta. stiuartma isaubra `macdunebel siCqareze, bgerebze, Tavisuflebaze~. ukan dabrunebisas ki telefirze aRibeWda kaci, romelic
buCqebSi imaleboda, Semdeg ki kvlav vagons Seaxta. yovelive es misisipize
mzis Casvlis fonze xdeboda. mgzavrobis erT momentSi biznesmeni Sampanurs miirTmevda.
berlingtonis rkinigzam mkacrad gaaprotesta aRniSnuli siuJeti da
ganacxada, rom nebismieri garTobis safasuri SeiZleba seriozulad gadaswonos im sabediswero saSiSroebam, rac matarebliT mgzavrobas ukavSirdeba. am xifaTis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, berlingtonis rkinigza
leqciebsac ki ukiTxavda studentebs da afrTxilebda maT rkinigzasa
da mis siaxloves Tavisufali qmedebebis safrTxis seriozulobaze. rkinigzis xelmZRvanelobis azriT, telesiuJetiT moxda maTi Zalisxmevis
nivelireba, roca telekompaniam sruliad ukanono, saSiSi qmedebebi `momajadoeblad~, `dauviwyar mgzavrobad~ da `JrJolis momgvrel sportad~ warmoaCina.
Tavis mxriv, telearxma ganacxada, rom maTi siuJeti fokusirebuli
iyo ara satvirTo vagonebiT ukanono mgzavrobaze, aramed ufro saintereso ambavze _ adamianze, romelic uCveulo TavgadasavlebSi iyo gaxveuli. telearxis azriT, es igive iyo, rac siuJetebi kldeebze mcocavebis,
haerSi myvinTavebis, simaRleebidan mxtomelebis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. ufro
metic, telearxma siuJetSi sagangebod gaamaxvila yuradReba am qmedebis
saSiSroebasa da ukanonobaze. Tavad siuJetis gmiri ki ambobda: `me vfiqrob, rom es marTlac Zalian saxifaToa adamianTa umetesobisaTvis.
me namdvilad vici, rasac vakeTeb, da es mainc Zalian saxifaToa, es
gadarCenis sportia... me aravis vurCev amis keTebas, ara~.
Sous Semdeg telearxs ramodenime mayurebeli gamoexmaura. orma adamianma dareka da mkacrad gaakritika siuJeti, romelic, maTi azriT, advokatobas uwevda ukanonobas da xotbas asxamda saxifaTo da kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebs. mesame telemayurebels, romelic, rogorc Canda,
warsulSi moxetiale cxovrebas eweoda, siuJeti moewona. marsia flerma
ganacxada, rom televiziaSi berlingtonis rkinigzidanac darekes da uTxres, `Tu raoden saxifaToa es da rom gasul wels matarebelze Sextomis mcdelobisas 55 adamiani mxolod Crd. berlingtonis rkinigzaze daiRupa~.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom maRali Sefaseba misca rkinigzis administraciis zrunvas adamianebis usafrTxoebaze, rac seriozul problemad miiCnia. sabWos azriT, satelevizio siuJeti zogadad aseTi tipis mgzavrobebze rom yofiliyo, safrTxis Cveneba aucilebeli iqneboda. magram es
ase ar yofila. siuJeti aSkarad gasarTobi, saintereso, gansakuTrebuli

66

danaSaulis gaSuqeba

Tavgadasavlis Cvenebas isaxavda miznad. es iyo ambavi adamianis ormag

cxovrebaze: erTis mxriv, samuSao dReebSi Wkuadamjdari biznesmeni da
meores mxriv, suliT Tavisufali moxetiale SabaT-kviras. aseTi saxiT
warmodgenili siuJeti, sabWos azriT, sruliad misaRebi iyo da is auditoriis interess aRZravda.
sabWom ganixila meore sakiTxic, romelic Jurnalistis mier, masalis
mopovebis mizniT, kanonis darRvevas Seexeboda da rom konsensusi imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom es ufro xSirad xdeba, vidre adamianebs warmoudgeniaT.
presa iseve dgeba dapatimrebisa da braldebis riskis winaSe, rodesac
arRvevs kanons, rogorc nebismieri adamiani. sabWos azriT, riskis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba Sida saredaqcio sakiTxia. ron hendbergma ganacxada, rom arxs gacnobierebuli hqonda riski da Tu Jurnalists an telejgufs am masalis momzadebisas daakavebdnen, arxi ar amoefareboda pirveli SesworebiT garantirebul (gamoxatvis Tavisufleba) uflebas.
WCCO-TV-m aRiara is, rac naTlad Canda videofiridan, arxis TanamSromlebma borotad isargebles Crdilo berlingtonis kerZo sakuTrebiT.
rkinigzas braldeba ar wauyenebia JurnalistebisaTvis, nacvlad amisa,
maT axali ambebis sabWoSi waradgines saCivari, romelSic aqcents socialuri TvalsazrisiT upasuxismgeblobaze akeTebdnen. sabWom gadawyvita,
ar emsjela, Jurnalistur keTilsindisierebaze da saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
29 aprili, 1988

67

8. diskriminacia

riCard staneki
`mineapolis spouksmenis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: riCard v. stanekma sabWos mineapolis spouksmenis winaaRmdeg mimarTa. gazeTi Savkaniani sazogadoebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. 1988
wlis 17 marts narkvevis svetSi, romlis avtori, rogorc wesi, hobart T.
mitCeli umcrosi iyo, gamoqveynda masala gamoZiebis Sesaxeb, romelsac
staneki, rogorc mineapolisis policiis oficeri awarmoebda. staneki
publikaciaSi moxseniebuli iyo rogorc Sef bouzas `biWi~, rasac erTvoda komentari, `damerwmuneT, Cemi azriT, is swored esaa~. masalaSi
naTqvami iyo, rom Savkanian qalebs uxdebodaT stanekis upativcemulo
damokidebulebis moTmena.
stanekma uaryo misi mxridan yovelgvari uRirsi saqcieli da gaaprotesta statiis `calmxrivoba da uzustoba~, aseve masSi gamoyenebuli
rasistuli epiTetebi. axali ambebis sabWos rCeviT, staneki daukavSirda
gazeTs, sadac mas mitCelTan darekva urCies. is asec moiqca, magram, misi
TqmiT, Jurnalisti mas Seuracxmyofelad elaparaka. 1988 wlis 31 martis
spouksmenma gamoaqveyna saredaqcio masala, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom
staneki telefoniT daemuqra mitCels. Semdgom statiaSi naTqvami iyo:
`Cven daJinebiT vurCevT policiis oficialur pirebs, yuradReba miaqcion stanekis saqciels. advilad gasagebi iqneba, Tu SezRuduli
gansjis unari, romelic man mitCelTan satelefono saubrisas gamoiCina, misi departamentSi Tanamdebobaze datovebis mizanSewonilobis safuZveli gaxdeba.~ stanekis xelmZRvenelobam misi qmedeba ganixila da daadgina, rom raime saxis mtrul qmedebas adgili ar hqonia. stanekis gancxadebiT, arc sagazeTo statia da arc momdevno saredaqcio
statia ar Seesabameboda miRebul Jurnalistur praqtikas.
1989 wlis 26 maiss stanekis saCivars spouksmenis gamomcemelma upasuxa. misi TqmiT, SesaZloa warsulSi maT mitCelsac da sxvebsac imaze meti
asparezi misces, vidre amas keTilgoniereba moiTxovda, gnebavT, Sinaarsis da gnebavT, gamoxatvis formis TvalsazrisiT, magram gazeTma gadawyvita, momavalSi ufro seriozuli saredaqcio kontroli ganexorciele-

68

diskriminacia

bina avtorebze. imavdroulad gazeTi aRiarebda im Rirebul wvlils, romelic mitCels Savkaniani mosaxleobis interesebis dacvaSi Sehqonda. gazeTi acxadebda, rom samwuxaro faqti iyo erTgvari usiamovno `saxelebis
Serqmeva~, Tumca amasac daekargeboda Zala, socialur garemoSi rasizmis
siWarbe rom ar yofiliyo. werili mTavrdeboda sityvebiT, `batoni stanekica da Cveni mkiTxvelic namdvilad imsaxureben mobodiSebas im
saredaqcio SecdomisaTvis, romelmac Cven wamierad mogvwyvita brZolas aseTi garemosaTvis.~
ganxilva: cnobilia, rom gazeTSi svetis avtori sakuTar mosazrebebs
aqveynebs, romelic ar aris savaldebulo, gazeTis Tvalsazriss emTxveodes. ufro metic, svetis avtors farTo diskrecia aqvs, gamoxatos Tavisi azri. garkveulwilad piradi sveti, cxadia, eyrdnoba faqtebs, rac
sizustisa da samarTlianobis mxriv pasuxismgeblobas warmoSobs, romelsac Tavad gazeTic ver gaeqceva.
mitCelis svetSi rasistuli epiTetis `biWunas~ gamoyeneba Seusabamo
iyo. am sakiTxze mxareebi SeTanxmdnen. es azri sabWomac gaiziara da saCivars mxari dauWira.
Tavis `sapasuxo~ saredaqcio statiaSi spouqsmenma ganacxada, rom laparaki iyo stanekis satelefono zarze mitCelTan: sinamdvileSi ki staneks gazeTis ofisidan urCies daereka mitCelisaTvis. arazustic iyo da
usamarTloc stanekis gakritikeba amis gamo. sabWom saCivris es nawilic
gaiziara. staneks SesTavazes redaqtorisadmi werilis gamoqveyneba, magram, gasagebi mizeziT, man amis gakeTeba ar moisurva.
rac Seexeba uzustobebs telefoniT saubarTan dakavSirebiT, an Jurnalistis versias gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT, sabWos xelT ar hqonda sakmarisi faqtebi saimisod, rom am sakiTxze emsjela. Tumca, sabWom SeSfoTeba gamoxata imis gamo, Tu ra stiliT warmarTa gazeTma es kamaTi. aRniSnuli SemTxveva naTelyofs, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania, gazeTma gadaamowmos is faqtebi, romelTa Taobaze mis furclebze azrs gamoTqvamen.
spouksmenma bedis ironiad miiCnia is faqti, rom policiis oficris
winaaRmdeg gakeTebuli rasistuli epiTetis gamo mas mouwia bodiSis moxda maSin, rodesac `Cans tvin siTiSi ar iyo erTi zrdasruli afrikeli
amerikeli, romelic ver gaixsenebda, Tu rogor ayenebda mas sajarod
Seuracxyofas policiis oficeri.~ spouksmenis gancxadebiT, `gasuli
oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi saSualod yovelwliurad 200 saCivari Sedioda mineapolisis policiis departamentis Sinagan saqmeTa danayofSi,
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom policia rasistul gamonaTqvamebs iyenebda.~ gazeTma ironiad miiCnia isic, rom TeTrkaniani momCivanis mimarT
naxmari epiTeti, gansakuTrebiT ZagT Tavad afroamerikelebs.~
Savkanianebisa da policiis daZabuli urTierTobebis fonze, SesaZloa, imedis momcemic ki iyos is garemoeba, rom stanekma da mineapolis

69

spouksmenma gadawyvites, miemarTaT axali ambebis sabWosaTvis. Tu rasizmisgan Tavisufali socialuri garemo miRwevadia, spouksmenica da policiis departamentic mowodebulni arian, iRvawon amisaTvis. mniSvnelovania, rom aseTi saxis problemebis ganxilva dauyovnebliv, patiosnad
da gulaxdilad moxdes.
2 ivnisi, 1989

vikkas eklesia
`mineapolis staris~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: vinme, gvarad bertranma, vikkas eklesiis sulierma moZRvarma
(es religia cnobilia, rogorc jadoqrebisa da alqajebis sarwmunoeba)
mineapolis stars usamarTlo gaSuqebis gamo uCivla. momCivanis TqmiT,
Jurnalistma jadoqrobasa da satanizms Soris asociaciuri paralelebi
gaavlo. saCivris mizezi religiis gverdze gamoqveynebuli ori publikacia
gaxda, saTauriT `okultizmi~. bertrani acxadebda, rom masalis prezentacia mTlianobaSi _ gaformebis, fotoebis da statiis teqstis CaTvliT,
okultizmis Sesaxeb negatiur da mcdar stereotips qmnida.
1979 wlis 2 marts gazeTma religiis gverdze gamoaqveyna ori statia
okultizmis Sesaxeb. gverdis zeda nawili eTmoboda mozardis dRiurs,
sadac igi satanistebTan urTierTobis sakuTar gamocdilebas aRwerda,
qvemoT ki moTavsebuli iyo statia okultizmis Sesaxeb, romelSic citirebuli iyvnen eqs-okultisti li nistromi da qonliT qristenseni, wignis maRazia `gnostikis~ menejeri, romelic Tavs vikkas eklesias miakuTvnebda. statias Tan axlda qristensenis foto da naxati _ demonis mier
wamebuli adamianis gamosaxuleba.
bertranma saCivriT mimarTa redaqcias, sadac mas uTxres, rom SeeZlo
daewera sapasuxo werili redaqciisadmi, romelic standartuli procedurebis gavlis Semdeg daibeWdeboda svetSi `werilebi redaqtors~. bertranma SeTavazeba ar miiRo, ifiqra ra, rom werilis avtoriseuli varianti
ar daibeWdeboda da arc bodiSis moxdis efeqti eqneboda. statia, bertranis
TqmiT, okultizmis Seuracxmyofel gamonaTqvamebs Seicavda, rasac damtkiceba esaWiroeboda. garda amisa, moxda qristensenis mcdari citireba, rac,
misi azriT, usamarTloba iyo, radgan man sakuTari asaki da samoqalaqo
mdgomareoba daasaxela, rac ar momxdara nistromis SemTxvevaSi. mTlianobaSi sagazeTo gverdi, dizainisa da statiebis gaTvaliswinebiT uaryofiT
da mcdar stereotips qmnida. momCivanis azriT, jadoqroba da gansakuTrebiT vikkas eklesia araswored daukavSires satanizms.
gadawyvetileba: werili daexmareboda bertrans sazogadoebis okul-

70

diskriminacia

tizmis Sesaxeb informirebaSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT bertranis uars publikaciaze, unda vivaraudoT, rom gazeTi aRar Seudgeboda mis mier gaprotestebuli yoveli faqtis gamoZiebas. mkiTxvels ukeT emsaxureba is
gazeTi, romelic Tavis SezRudul drosa da resursebs axal ambebs uTmobs. sabWos ar hqonda mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, rom qristensenis citireba araswored moxda, amdenad es problema ver gadaiWra.
rac Seexeba sagazeTo gverds, mTlianobaSi statia da ilustraciebi
ar amkvidreben okultizmis uaryofiT stereotips. verc imas vityviT,
rom am masalis religiis gverdze moTavseba aZlierebs aseT STabeWdilebas. pirveli statia, aSkarad im wignis Sinaarsia, romelic satanistur
qmedebebs aRwers da ilustraciac Sesabamisi axlavs. statiaSi nistromis
mier gakeTebuli Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebi qristensenis citatebiTaa dabalansebuli. am TvalsazrisiT sabWo saCivars mxars ar uWers.
Tumca, qristensenis suraTis moTavseba usamarTloc iyo da damabnevelic. TiTqos moxda misi asocireba wignSi aRweril satanur qmedebebTan. uyuradRebo mkiTxvelma SeiZleba bolomde arc CaikiTxos masala,
qristensenis komentarebi ki, romliTac is emijneba gazeTSi aRweril satanistur aqtivobas, mxolod boloSia mocemuli. garda amisa, gazeTs
mxolod qristensenis asaki da samoqalaqo mdgomareoba ar unda mieTiTebina masalaSi. sabWos azriT, gazeTma es Secdoma unda aRiaros.
am TvalsazrisiT sabWom gazeTis winaaRmdeg saCivars mxari dauWira.
gansxvavebuli azri: sabWos 5 wevris azriT, masala sensaciurobas
emyareboda da amkvidrebda negatiur azrs okultizmze, romelzec Tavad
ar hqonda warmodgena. mTlianobaSi efeqti isaa, rom xdeba okultizmis,
jadoqrobisa da satanizmis gaigiveba. mTel gverdze erTmaneTs enacvleba terminebi `okultizmi~, `jadoqroba~, `satanizmi~, `demonuri~,
yovelgvari miTiTebis gareSe, rom okultizmi Zalian farTo cnebaa da
mraval kultsa Tu religiasTanaa kavSirSi. qristensenis komentarebiT,
sadac is satanizms emijneba, balansi ver miiRweva zemoxsenebuli terminebis sinonimuri gamoyenebis gamo.
26 marti, 1979

71

9. sazogadoebrivi azris
gamokiTxva

profesori Selton gunaratni

`fargo forumis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: Selton gunaratnim, romelic Jurnalistikis profesoria
morhedis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sabWoSi gazeT fargo forumSi
gamoqveynebuli ramodenime publikacia gaasaCivra: 13 dekembriT daTariRebuli sami statia, 17 dekembriT daTariRebuli saredaqcio statia,
romelic umaRlesi ganaTlebis sakiTxebze 1997 wels Catarebul sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevas exeboda da 15 dekembriT daTariRebuli saredaqcio sveti, romelSic gakritikebuli iyo aRniSnuli kvleva. profesorma gunaratnim sakuTari Tvalsazrisi gamoxata statiaSi, romelSic
aRniSnul sam masalaSi arsebul Seusabamobebze miuTiTa.
profesoris Tvalsazrisis amsaxvel werilSi Camoyalibebuli iyo
braldebebi sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT. kvlevis Sedegebis Sejamebisa da mkiTxvelisaTvis maTi adekvaturad
miwodebis mizniT, is forums sTavazobda Semdegi sakiTxebis publikaciaSi ucilobel miTiTebas:
3 visgan aiRes interviu?
ramdenad didi iyo sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis areali?
3
rogor moxda kvlevis obieqtis SerCeva? rogori iyo cdomilebis
3
zRvari?
3 vin afinansebda sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvas da miiRes Tu
ara sasurveli Sedegi?
3 vin Caatara interviu?
3 ra gziT damyarda kontaqti respondentebTan?
3 rodis iyo Cawerili interviuebi?
3 zustad rogor iyo formulirebuli yvela kiTxva?
3 Catarda Tu ara raime statistikuri procedurebi interviuebis
sandoobis dasadgenad, an aisaxa Tu ara gamokiTxvaSi is
respondentebi, vinc ver miiRo gadawyvetileba?
profesor gunaratnis redaqcia ar gamoxmaurebia. redaqtorma mas arc
maSin upasuxa, rodesac eleqtronuli fostiT gagzavnil werilSi am ukanasknelma ikiTxa, daibeWdeboda Tu ara misi masala. maSin profesorma
axali ambebis sabWos mimarTa.

72

sazogadoebrivi
azris gamokiTxva
fargo forumma uari Tqva, epasuxa gunaratnisaTvis. saCivris ganxilva
mxolod werilobiTi wardginebis safuZvelze moxda, radganac fargo
forumma saCivris ganxilvaSi monawileobaze uari ganacxada.
redaqtoris, jo dilisaTvis miweril werilSi sabWo dainteresda,
iTvaliswinebda Tu ara saredaqcio politika Tvalsazrisis gverdze
gareSe pirTa komentarebis gamoqveynebas. dilis pasuxSi naTqvami iyo,
rom gazeTs araviTari survili ar hqonda, profesorTan molaparakeba
ewarmoebina. redaqtorma gakvirveba gamoxata imis gamo, rom sabWo aseTi
umniSvnelo sakiTxiT dainteresda.
`Cven yoveldRiurad viRebT da uariT vistumrebT werilebs redaqtoris saxelze an stumris svetisaTvis, rogorc amas sxva gazeTebi akeTeben,~ _ miswera dilma sabWos, _ `mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT,
rom Cven wlebis ganmavlobaSi gunaratnis araerTi Tvalsazrisi gamovaqveyneT.~
`redaqtorma, romelic Tvalsazrisis gverds kurirebda, gadawyvita, ar gamoeyenebina aRniSnuli masala, iseve rogorc mravali sxva.
bevrs SesaZloa, guli dawyda, magram isini ubralod movidnen TavianTi Tvalsazrisis gamomxatveli statiebiT Semdeg jerze.~ `es yvelaferi me sisuleled meCveneba,~_ naTqvami iyo redaqtoris werilSi.
ganxilva: sabWos erT-erTi wevris azriT, momCivanis mier aucileblad miCneuli informacia kvlevis Sedegebis yvela masalaze metismetad
rTuli da vrceli iyo. sabWoSi sazogadoebis wevrma Sulstadma Tqva,
rom gazeTi adekvaturad moiqca, roca uCvena sazogadoebrivi azris
gamokiTxvebis uSualo ganmxorcieleblis mikerZoebuloba.
maSin, rodesac sabWos wevrTa umetesoba im azrze iyo, rom gazeTi ver
auxsnida yvela avtors, Tu ratom ar uqveynebdnen werils, mediis zogierTma warmomadgenelma Tqva, rom sasurvelia redaqciam yvela SemTxvevaSi upasuxos avtors, miT ufro, Tu is amas moiTxovs.
sabWos wevrebma imedgacrueba gamoTqves imis gamo, rom forumma ar
moindoma urTierToba arc mkiTxvelTan da arc sabWosTan da aRniSnes,
rom eTikis sakiTxebze diskusiis wamowyebis gziT, bevri sainformacio
saSualeba cdilobs, aRadginos sazogadoebis ndoba misdami.
gadawyvetileba:
1. kiTxvaze gamotova Tu ara forumma Tavis axal ambebsa (12/13/97)
da saredaqcio statiaSi (12/17/97) arsebiTi kriteriumebi, rac mkiTxvels
sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis Sedegebis sandoobisa da sizustis
Sesafaseblad sWirdeba _ sabWom erTsulovnad winaaRmdeg misca xma da
uaryo saCivari.
2. sakiTxze `unda aexsna Tu ara forums b-ni gunaratnisaTvis,
ratom ar gamoaqveyna misi komentari~ _ sabWom kvlav winaaRmdegi misca
xma da ganacxada, rom gazeTisaTvis aseTi moTxovnis wayeneba araswori
iqneboda.
15 ivnisi, 1998

73

ronald iakobsoni
`mineapolis tribunis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: ronald l. iakobsonma _ nevrologiisa da biometriis asistent-profesorma minesotas universitetidan _ sabWos saCivriT mimarTa, radganac, misi azriT, mineapolis tribunam gamoiyena mcdari meTodologia, rodesac warmoadgina abortTan dakavSirebiT universitetis
studentTa azris kvlevis Sedegebi. iakobsoni statistikurad arasworad
miiCnevda gazeTis ganacxads, TiTqos kvlevis Sedegebi warmomadgenlobiTi iyo da masSi universitetis studentTa mTelma Semadgenlobam miiRo
monawileoba. misi SefasebiT, Semajamebeli statia arazusti iyo da SecdomaSi Sehyavda mkiTxveli.
gazeTma gamoaqveyna 11 nawiliani statiebis seria, romlebic sazogadoebriv problemebze universitetis studentTa azrs Seexeboda. seria,
saTauriT `ifiqre axalgazrdam~ efuZneboda im satelefono gamokiTxvis mimoxilvas, romelsac gazeTisTvis gareSe marketinguli kvleviTi
kompania awarmoebda.
kvlevis obieqtis SerCeva Semdegi meTodiT moxda: aTasi gvari SeirCa
studentTa cnobaridan, yoveli 44-es amorCevis gziT. im studentebs,
romelTac ar hqondaT telefoni, gaugzavnes werilebi TxovniT, dakavSirebodnen gamokiTxvis centrs. mas Semdeg, rac siidan amoiRes is studentebi, romlebsac ver daukavSirdnen, romlebmac uari Tqves pasuxis
gacemaze, an enobrivi barieris problema hqondaT, kvlevaSi monawileTa
saboloo raodenoba 300-iT ganisazRvra.
yovel statias, romelic am seriiT gamoqveynda, erTvoda minaweri,
romelSic miTiTebuli iyo kvlevis meTodologia, saxeldobr, Tu rogor
Catarda gamokiTxva. aRniSnuli iyo, rom gamoikiTxa `universitetis 300
studenti~, xolo Semdeg ganmartebuli iyo studentTa SerCevis procedurebi.
am seriiT gamoqveynebuli erT-erTi masala exeboda studentebis mosazrebas abortebTan dakavSirebiT. iakobsoni, romelic dainteresebuli
iyo problemiT, daukavSirda gazeTs da ufro detaluri ganmarteba
sTxova gamokiTxvis meTodologiasTan dakavSirebiT. iakobsoni acxadebda,
rom radganac Tavdapirveli raodenoba 1000 iyo, 300 kaciani jgufi ukve
ver iqneboda SemTxveviT SerCeuli xalxi da amdenad, arc gamokiTxva iqneboda uzustobas moklebuli, radganac cdomilebis zRvari SesaZloa,
37%-ze meti yofiliyo orTave mimarTulebiT. gazeTis gancxadebiT ki,
Tavdapirveli 1000 respondenti SeirCa imisaTvis, rom sabolood 300
mieRoT da rom cdomilebis koeficienti 7%-s ar aRemateboda.
mas Semdeg, rac iakobsonma SeSfoTeba gamoxata, gazeTma yvela statiis

74

sazogadoebrivi
azris gamokiTxva

bolos meTodologiur ganmartebaSi daumata informacia cdomilebis

Sesaxeb. aseTi minaweri ki abortebis Sesaxeb publikaciis Semdeg gaCnda.
sabWo daukavSirda socialuri sakiTxebis kvlevebis eqsperts, romelmac Tqva, rom SemTxveviT SerCeul da sistematur SemTxveviT jgufebs
Soris mcire sxvaoba iyo. amasTanave dasZina, rom aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi
pasuxis gaucemlobis didma maCvenebelma SesaZloa, eWvqveS daayenos gamokiTxvis Sedegebis sandooba. gazeTis warmomadgenlebma ki ganacxades,
rom pasuxis gacemaze uari Cveulebrivi movlena iyo satelefono gamokiTxvebis dros.
gazeTis azriT, kvlevis dros gamoyenebuli meTodologia mecnierulad swori iyo, xolo gamokiTxvis Sedegebi samarTlianad iyo gaSuqebuli
da ar Sehyavda SecdomaSi mkiTxveli.
sabWos gadawyvetileba: Jurnalistikis erT-erTi umTavresi moTxovnaa, mogvawodos jansaRi informacia iseT epoqaSi, romlisTvisac urTulesi problemebia damaxasiaTebeli. sainformacio saSualebebis mier socialur mecnierebaTa kvlevebis teqnikis mzardi gamoyeneba uTuod aucilebelia da pozitiuri ganviTarebis niSania.
ganxilvaze gaJRerebulma Cvenebebma naTeli gaxada, rom kvlevis meTodologias rTuli samecniero eqspertiza esaWiroeba. orive mxaris
mier warmodgenili damajerebeli Cvenebebi miuTiTebs, rom sagrZnobi
uTanxmoeba arsebobs eqspertTa Soris im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva SeiZleba CaiTvalos mecnierulad
zustad, vidre Sedegebs sandod da utyuarad miiCneven.
verc erTma mxarem ver daarwmuna sabWo, rom misi pozicia mecnierulad
ufro saRi iyo, vidre meoresi. imis gamo, rom romelime mxares ufro damajerebeli argumenti ar moepoveboda, sabWom mxari ar dauWira saCivars.
gazeTma seriozuli Sroma gaswia, rom Caetarebina gamokiTxva da am procesSi ar gamoumJRavnebia uyuradRebobis raime niSani. gazeTis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom is aRiarebs iakobsonis mier wamoWrili problemebis seriozulobas da ecdeba, SemdgomSi meti sizuste Sehmatos gamokiTxvebs da ufro detalurad gaacnos mkiTxvels kvlevis meTodologia.
wamyvanma Jurnalistebma da kvlevebis eqspertebma rekomendacia gauwies sainformacio saSualebebs, sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvebis
gaSuqebisas, miuTiTon minimum, rva sakiTxi:
3 gamokiTxvis sponsoris vinaoba.
3 kiTxvebis zusti formulireba.
3 kvlevis obieqtis SerCeva.
3 SerCeuli obieqtis moculoba, iq, sadac es SesaZlebelia,
pasuxebis xarisxi.
3 savaraudo cdomilebis zRvari.

75

3 kvlevis obieqtis ra nawils Seadgenen, magaliTad, mamakacebi da

qalebi, liberalebi da konservatorebi da a.S.
3 rogor Catarda interviuebi: erTi erTze, saxlebSi, telefoniT,
fostiT, quCaSi an sxva.
3 gamokiTxvis Catarebis dro.
7 agvisto, 1978

sqolio:
1

sensualuri _ (laT. sensualis

grZnobadi) _ grZnobebze,
SegrZnebebze damyarebuli.

76

77

78

Sinaarsi
Sesavali

81

germaniis presis sabWo

81

1. reputacia

83

miusafari p. pativis da
Rirsebis dasacavad

83

Cinovniki mkiTxvelis werilis

da gazeTis winaaRmdeg

84

2. diskriminacia
cxovelTa uflebebis damcvelebi
adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg
3. politikuri reklama
mkiTxveli qristian-demokratiuli
propagandis winaaRmdeg
4. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

85
85
86
86
88

Y-i winaswari verdiqtis winaaRmdeg

88

Z-i damnaSaveTa identificirebis

winaaRmdeg

89

5. fotoilustracia
veb-gverdis Semqmneli firma
fotoretuSis winaaRmdeg
6. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

90
90
91

ezoteruli gaerTianebis wevri

adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg

91

mkiTxveli internet-gazeTis winaaRmdeg

92

7. vinaobis identificireba

94

mkiTxveli vinaobis
identificirebis winaaRmdeg

94

socialisturi partiis wevri

adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg

95

79

80

Sesavali
germaniis
presis sabWo

1956 wlis 20 noembers xuTi gazeTis gamomcemelma da xuTma Jurnalistma daaarses TviTregulirebis nebayoflobiTi instancia _ germaniis
presis sabWo. germanul sabWos britaneTis gamocdileba daedo safuZvlad.
1957 wels germaniis presis sabWos SeuerTdnen
Jurnalis gamomcemlebi, ris Sedegadac sabWos
wevrTa raodenoba 10-idan 12-mde gaizarda. amJamad
presis sabWoSi gaerTianebuli arian germaniis gazeTis gamomcemelTa kavSiri, germaniis Jurnalis
gamomcemelTa kavSiri, germaniis JurnalistTa kavSiri da sadazRvevo kompaniis mediis ganyofileba.
1973 wels presis sabWom miiRo presis kodeqsi,
romlis safuZvelzec xdeba presis sabWoSi Sesuli
saCivrebis ganxilva. sabWo, romlis mizania, presaSi
profesiuli standartebis damkvidreba, gamoscems
rekomendaciebs da miTiTebebs Jurnalisturi saqmianobisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom redaqtorebisa da
gamomcemlebisTvis gankuTvnili es sarekomendacio xasiaTis dokumentebi praqtikis safuZvelze
da axali realiebidan gamomdinare cvlilebebs ganicdis. ase magaliTad, ramodenime specifikuri
SemTxveva gaxda safuZveli iseTi normis gansazRvrisa, romelic danaSaulis gaSuqebis, mokvlevisa
da sasamarTlo warmoebis procesebSi pirovnebis
identificirebis sakiTxs aregulirebs (81 da 132
muxlebi). germaniis presis sabWom SemdegSi gansaz-

81

Rvra normebi Zaladobis gaRvivebasa da diskriminaciis (113 da 124 muxlebi), aseve qrTamis akrZalvis
(155 muxli) Sesaxeb.
2002 wlis 1 ianvridan ki presis sabWom saredaqcio monacemebis dacvazec aiRo pasuxismgebloba.
im droisaTvis presis kodeqsi Seicavda pirovnebis
personaluri monacemebis dacvasTan dakavSirebul
normebs, romelTa gadasinjva axali amocanis
Sesabamisad moxda. Tu mkiTxveli Tvlis, rom mis
Sesaxeb redaqciaSi arsebuli personaluri monacemebi saTanadod ar aris daculi, mas SeuZlia mimarTos presis sabWos.
germaniis presis sabWo Tavadac icavs personalur monacemebs da mis mier gamoqveynebul gadawyvetilebebSi ar axdens ara Tu momCivani mxaris, aramed sainformacio saSualebis identificirebas,
raSic am Tavis wakiTxvis drosac darwmundebiT.
germaniis presis sabWoSi yovelwliurad 500-600
adamianis, aseve sxvadasxva asociaciebisa da institutebis saCivari Sedis. saCivrebis ori mesamedi
adreul etapzeve, yovelgvari formaluri verdiqtis gamotanis gareSe, saCivrebis komisiaSive wydeba. ZiriTad samediatoro funqcias sabWos centraluri ofisi arTmevs Tavs warmatebulad. Tu saCivari dasabuTebulia, presis sabWos saCivrebis komisia gamoscems SeniSvnas an gakicxvas, uxeSi Jurnalisturi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi ki _ sajaro gakicxvas. werili unda gamoqveyndes mopasuxe sainformacio saSualebaSi nebayoflobiT safuZvelze.
presis sabWom SeiZleba Tavi Seikavos sanqciis dawesebisagan dasabuTebuli saCivris SemTxvevaSic
ki, Tuki redaqcia an Jurnalisti nebayoflobiT gamoasworebs darRvevas, mkiTxvelis sapasuxo werilis an saredaqcio gancxadebis gamoqveynebis gziT.

82

1. reputacia

miusafari p. pativis da Rirsebis dasacavad

saCivari: adgilobrivma gazeTma saTauriT `xom lamazia mawanwalas
sasaxle?~ gamoaqveyna statia erT loT usaxlkaroze (misi vinaoba aRniSnuli iyo inicialiT `p~), romelmac sazogadoebrivi tualeti TavSesafrad gamoiyena. publikaciaSi paraleli iyo gavlebuli cnobil musikoss
jeri garsiasTan, romelmac 1981 wels miunxenSi gadafrenis dros pirveli
klasis mgzavrebi kinaRam Wkuidan gadaiyvana, rodesac bizness klasis
erTaderT tualetSi Caiketa. zemoxsenebul statiaSi saubari iyo imaze,
rom p.-m analogiuri `danaSauli~ Caidina da, rom mas erTi wuTiTac ar
ufiqria, Tu ra gaWirvebaSi aRmoCnda kars miRma xalxi. `SeZaxilebi mis
tvinSi veRar aRweven. es Tavi mTlianad sasmeliTaa gaJRenTili. igi
ubralod aRar muSaobs _ alkoholma gamoiyvana wyobidan...~, _ naTqvami
iyo statiaSi. publikaciis bolos avtorma SekiTxviT mimarTa `maRal
RmerTs~, romelmac 1995 wels garsia TavisTan waiyvana: `magram ra unda
movuxerxoT netav p.-s? es statia presis sabWoSi gasaCivrda. momCivanis
azriT, publikaciis Sedegad sastikad Seilaxa miusafari, alkoholizmiT
daavadebuli adamianis pativi da Rirseba. pirovnebis Seuracxmyofeli
formulirebebi kidev ufro gaaZliera im garemoebam, rom faqtiurad
adgili hqonda mowodebas mkvlelobisaken.
redaqciis pozicia: saredaqcio kolegiis azriT, saCivari usafuZvlo
iyo. rubrika _ `adgilobrivi axali ambebi~-s pasuxismgebel redaqtors mkiTxveli kargad icnobda im kritikuli publikaciebiT, romlebic mudam socialur Tematikas eZRvneboda. saredaqcio kolegiis azriT, mkvlelobisken raime mowodebas adgili ar hqonia. statias uamravi mkiTxveli gamoexmaura. mkiTxvelTa werilebis umetesoba, rogorc kritikuli, aseve mxardamWeri, gazeTSi gamoqveynda. SesaZlo gaugebrobebis Tavidan asacileblad,
mTavarma redaqtorma erT-erT nomerSi zemoxsenebul publikacias
saredaqcio komentaric daurTo. misi azriT, man savsebiT damajereblad
ganmarta, rom es statia mxolod keTilSobilur miznebs emsaxureboda.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiis gadawyvetilebiT, am
publikaciiT ar darRveula presis kodeqsis pirveli muxli da me-8 muxlis 8.4.6 punqti.

83

motivacia: situacia, romelSic usaxlkaro aRmoCnda, sabWos azriT,

marTalia cotaTi gadaWarbebulad, magram realisturad iyo daxatuli.
amdenad, pirovnebis pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxvis faqts adgili ar hqonia. am azrs iziarebda mkiTxvelTa nawilic, rac redaqciaSi Sesuli werilebidanac gamoCnda.

Cinovniki mkiTxvelis werilis

da gazeTis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveynebul mkiTxvelis werilSi
erT-erTi Cinovniki dadanaSaulebuli iyo monacemebis gayalbebaSi urCi
gadamxdelebis sasargeblod. xsenebulma Cinovnikma presis sabWos saCivriT mimarTa da ganacxada, rom mis mimarT wayenebuli braldeba usafuZvlo iyo, rac sasamarTlomac daadastura. mosarClis azriT, mkiTxvelma
am weriliT mas cili daswama, xolo gazeTma ar daicva Jurnalisturi
keTilsindisiereba, radgan ar mosTxova werilis avtors braldebis
damamtkicebeli sabuTebi.
redaqciam, Tavis mxriv, ganmarta, rom moxeles hqonda ufleba, gamoeqveynebina sapasuxo werili, riTac am ukanasknelma ar isargebla. amasTanave
redaqciam Tavi imarTla imiT, rom publikaciamde mkiTxvelis yoveli werilis
gadamowmebis moTxovna realobas moklebuli iyo, radgan Jurnalistur yoveldRiurobaSi msgavsi praqtikis danergva SeuZlebeli xdeba. gazeTis azriT,
maT ar daurRveviaT mTavari publicisturi principebi, radganac momCivans
nebismier dros hqonda saSualeba, uareyo dausabuTebeli braldebebi.
miuxedavad amisa, mas ar ucdia gazeTTan dakavSireba.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam gazeTis argumentacia
ar gaiziara da sajarod gamoTqva sayveduri kodeqsis me-97 da me-28
muxlebis darRvevis gamo.
motivacia: komisiis azriT, mkiTxvelis werilSi wamoWrili braldeba
sakmaod mZime iyo, amitomac redaqcias aucileblad unda gadaemowmebina
maTi sizuste, presis kodeqsis me-2 muxlis 2.6.9 paragrafis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad.
is faqti, rom mkiTxvelis werilis gamoqveynebis momentSi sasamarTlos ukve garkveuli hqonda braldebis usafuZvloba, kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom saqme gvaqvs mcdari faqtebis gamoyenebasTan, ris gamoc redaqciam pasuxi unda agos. publikaciiT dairRva presis kodeqsis me-9 muxli, radganac adamians miaweres is qmedebebi, rac mas ar Caudenia da amiT
SebRales misi Rirseba.
saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam aRniSna, rom marTalia, SeuZlebelia
yvela Semosuli werilis gadamowmeba, magram mZime braldebis SemTxvevebSi, redaqcia pasuxismgeblobas mxolod avtors ver daakisrebs. igi
valdebulia, gamoqveynebamde daazustos, ramdenad Seesabameba es braldeba sinamdviles.

84

2. diskriminacia

cxovelTa uflebebis damcvelebi

adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobrivma gazeTma, saTauriT `CiraRdnebi cxovelebisaTvis~ gamoaqveyna statia, romelsac Semdeg kidev erTi publikacia mohyva. orive publikacia gamoxatavda cxovelTa uflebebis damcvelebis
protests ebrauli wesiT cxovelebis dakvlis winaaRmdeg da paralels
avlebda nacistebis dros ganviTarebul movlenebTan: `studentebma Ramis ca CiraRdnebiT gaanaTes; magram CiraRdnebiT svla nacional-socialisturi diqtaturis dawyebasac axasiaTebda. ra rols TamaSoben
CiraRdnebi cxovelTa damcvelebis wreSi?~
aRniSnuli publikaciebis gamo sabWos saCivriT ramodenime adamianma
mimarTa. pirveli momCivani Tvlida, rom statiebiT Seilaxa im moqalaqeebis Rirseba, romlebic cxovelebis damcvelTa organizaciaSi arian gawevrianebuli. meore momCivani miiCnevda, rom amgvari amazrzeni SedarebebiT gazeTi cdilobda mkiTxvelisaTvis Tavs moexvia mosazreba, TiTqos
ebrauli wesiT cxovelebis dakvlis mowinaaRmdegeebi eqstremistul nacistur jgufebTan arian gaigivebuli.
gazeTis ganmartebiT, statiebi Seicavda Jurnalistis Tvalsazriss
da avtoris mizani ar yofila cxovelTa damcvelebis kedelTan miyeneba.
Tumca, man saWirod CaTvala, gaexsenebina CiraRdnebiT svlis istoria
(1937 w.), rac mas msgavsi gamosvlisken mowodebam moagona.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivari dausabuTeblad miiCnia.
motivacia: orTave publikacia Jurnalistis Tvalsazriss warmoadgens. saavtoro statiebis maxasiaTebeli ki swored isaa, rom avtori gamoTqvams sakuTar Sexedulebas konkretul faqtTan dakavSirebiT. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba niSnavs azris, Sexedulebis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas. statiaSi arsad Canda, rom cxovelTa damcvelebi nacistebTan iyvnen gaigivebuli. avtorma, marTalia, gaixsena CiraRdnebiT svla, magram
arsad uTqvams, rom cxovelTa damcvelebi rasistebi iyvnen. sabWos azriT,
avtoris mizani iyo ara vinmes dadanaSauleba, aramed mxolod gafrTxileba. es gafrTxileba ki ar scildeboda im farglebs, rasac presis kodeqsis me-9 muxli awesebs _ balansis dacva informaciisadmi sazogadoebis interessa da dazaralebulis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas Soris.

85

3. politikuri reklama

mkiTxveli qristian-demokratiuli
propagandis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: gazeTma orjer gamoaqveyna statia erT-erT adgilobriv politikosze da orive SemTxvevaSi publikaciasTan erTad daibeWda xsenebuli politikosis _ qristianul-demokratiuli partiis kandidatis _
sareklamo gancxadeba. pirveli statia exeboda bundestagis arCevnebs
da Svabiis mxaris maJoritar kandidats. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad statiaSi
saubari iyo imaze, rom Tavisufal demokratTa da social-demokratTa
kandidatebi momgebian poziciaSi iyvnen imis gamo, rom isini adgilobriv
partiul siaSic iricxebodnen. am sakiTxs qristianul-demokratiuli
partiis kandidatic Seexo statiis gverdiT gamoqveynebul sareklamo
gancxadebaSi. meore publikaciaSi saubari iyo sameurneo bazrobaze, Tanmxleb sareklamo gancxadebaSi ki naTqvami iyo, rom qristianul-demokratiuli partiis kandidati sameurneo bazrobaze saSualo fenis warmomadgenelTa kavSiris daxlTan gamoCndeboda.
momCivanis azriT, dairRva presis kodeqsis me-710 muxli, radgan
saredaqcio informacia da sareklamo gancxadeba erTmaneTisagan mkafiod ar iyo gamijnuli. Jurnalisturi publikaciebi qristianul-demokratiuli partiis kandidatis saarCevno mowodebaze iyo mibmuli. redaqciis gancxadebiT, misTvis ucnobi iyo im gancxadebebis Sinaarsi, romlebic gazeTis Sesabamis gverdze ganaTavses. aRniSnulma kandidatma saarCevno kampaniis periodSi araerTi sareklamo gancxadeba gamoaqveyna. amdenad, mkiTxvelisaTvis cnobili unda yofiliyo, rom reklamasTan hqonda saqme.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam nawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli.
motivacia: komisiam CaTvala, rom dairRva presis kodeqsis me-7 muxli,
radganac adgili hqonda pirveli publikaciis `adgilobrivi partiuli
sia~ da mis gverdiT ganTavsebuli sareklamo gancxadebis kombinacias,
ris gamoc sabWom SeniSvna misca gazeTs. sabWom gansakuTrebiT gaakritika
is faqti, rom statiisa da sareklamo gancxadebis teqsti nawilobriv

86

politikuri reklama

erTmaneTs emTxveoda. ase magaliTad, sareklamo gancxadebaSi ewera, rom

Tavisufali demokratebis da social-demokratiuli partiis maJoritari
kandidatebi partiul siaSi arian, da amdenad, momgebian poziciaSi imyofebian, maSin, roca qristianul-demokratiuli partiis kandidati mxolod im SemTxvevaSi moxvdeba bundestagSi, Tu maJoritarul arCevnebs
moigebs. am pasaJs exmaureboda Jurnalisturi publikaciis erT-erTi
fragmenti: `...[kandidati] ar aris partiul siaSi, maSasadame igi bundestagSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi moxvdeba, Tu uSualod moigebs maJoritarul arCevnebs.~ publikaciis es monakveTi aZlierebda sareklamo
mesijs da ugulvebelyofda Jurnalisturi informaciisa da sareklamo
masalis erTmaneTisagan mkafiod gamijvnis moTxovnas.
sabWom presis kodeqsis darRvevad ar miiCnia gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli
meore statia, romelic sameurneo bazrobas Seexeboda da mis gverdiT
ganTavsebuli sareklamo gancxadeba kandidatis mier am bazrobis monaxulebis Taobaze. sabWos azriT, safuZvels moklebuli gaxldaT imis
mtkiceba, TiTqos amgvari konstruqcia specialurad iyo Cafiqrebuli
da saCivris es nawili dausabuTeblad CaTvala.

87

4. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

Y-i winaswari verdiqtis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli publikacia Seexeboda advokats,
romlis winaaRmdegac sisxlis samarTlis saqme iyo aRZruli. advokats
bralad edeboda erT-erTi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis procesSi
yalbi Cvenebis micema da, ufro metic, mowmeebis waqezeba yalbi Cvenebebis
micemaze. sabWos gazeTis winaaRmdeg saCivriT mimarTa Y-ma da moiTxova
ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad dabalansebuli SeiZleba iyos statia, romelic sasamarTlo process Seexeba?
mosarClis azriT, statiis avtorma winaswar gamoitana verdiqti, radganac publikaciaSi mxolod SesaZlo ganaCenis samarTlebriv Sedegebze
saubrobda, riTac mkiTxvels Caagonebda, rom aseT ganaCens aucileblad
gamoitandnen da mxolod sasjelis zomaRa iyo gasarkvevi.
garda amisa, statiidan advilad iyo SesaZlebeli eWvmitanilis identificireba. publikaciaSi miTiTebuli inicialis mqone advokati, qalaqSi, sadac dava mimdinareobda, mxolod erTi iyo.
amasTanave calmxrivad iyo gadmocemuli rogorc mokvlevis, ise saqmis viTarebis detalebi. avtori umetesad prokuraturis informacias
an sulac sabraldebo daskvnas eyrdnoboda. braldebul advokats wayenebuli braldebebis sapasuxod arc erTxel ar miscemia Tavisi azris gamoTqmis saSualeba.
mTavarma redaqtorma Tavi imarTla imiT, rom advokati sazogadoebrivi interesis obieqts warmoadgenda. amasTanave, Jurnalisti Tavis statiaSi mxolod im samarTlebriv Sedegebze miuTiTebda, romlebic uSualod
sabraldebo daskvnidan ar gamomdinareobda da rac SefasebiTi msjeloba
iyo. redaqciis azriT, statiis avtors sruli ufleba hqonda, gamoeTqva
mosazreba, rom rac ufro guldasmiT Seagrovebda mtkicebulebebs prokurori, miT ufro meti Sansi eqneba mas, moego sasamarTlo procesi.
gadawyvetileba: kodeqsis me-13 muxlis darRvevisaTvis sabWom gazeTs sajarod gamoucxada sayveduri.
motivacia: publikaciaSi bevri detali mianiSnebda imaze, rom avtori
sasamarTlo procesis negatiuri dasasrulis prognozs akeTebda da amiT
winaswar gamohqonda ganaCeni advokatisTvis. amas, uwinares yovlisa, adasturebda is garemoeba, rom mTel statiaSi mosalodneli patimrobis vadis

88

danaSaulis gaSuqeba
xangrZlivobaze detaluri msjelobisas, erTxelac ar iyo naxsenebi
Tundac sityva `Tu~. es ki niSnavs ganaCenis winaswar gamotanas, raSic
avtors eWvi ar Separvia.
sabWos azriT, dairRva presis kodeqsis me-2 muxlic, radganac Jurnalistma ise moamzada masala, rom Tavad advokatisaTvis SekiTxviTac ki
ar miumarTavs. sabWom gansakuTrebiT gaakritika is faqti, rom publikaciaSi Canda Jurnalistis pozicia.

Z-i damnaSaveTa identificirebis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: adgilobrivma gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, romelSic saubari iyo seqsualuri Zaladobis faqtze sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganaCenze. statiaSi didi adgili hqonda daTmobili msjavrdebulis daxasiaTebas, aseve dawvrilebiT iyo ganxiluli prokuroris mier wayenebuli
braldebebi. publikaciaSi miTiTebuli iyo danaSaulis Cadenis adgili
da aRwerili iyo danaSauli. imis gamo, rom sasamarTlo procesi daxuruli iyo, Z-ma es publikacia sabWoSi gaasaCivra. momCivanis azriT, publikaciis Sedegad, romelSic danaSaulis peripetiebi detalurad iyo aRwerili, rogorc damnaSave da msxverpli, aseve maTi ojaxis wevrebic iolad amocnobadi iyvnen. garda amisa, statiaSi iseT sakiTxebzec iyo saubari, romelTac danaSaulTan pirdapiri kavSiri ar hqonda.
redaqcia: mTavari redaqtoris azriT, presis kodeqsis me-11 muxli
ar darRveula. statiaSi ganxiluli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebis dros miRebuli sasamarTlo oqmi, romlis Tanaxmadac, dazaralebuls bralad edeboda bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladoba. redaqciis SefasebiT, statiaSi obieqturad iyo gaSuqebuli braldebulis mier Cadenili
yvela is Zaladobrivi qmedeba, rasac ganaCenis gamotanamde arc dazaralebuli uaryofda. msxverplis vinaoba ki statiaSi anonimuri iyo.
mTavari redaqtoris gancxadebiT, statiaSi adgili ar hqonia adamianebis
damcirebas. es Seexeba rogorc msxverpls, aseve msjavrdebuls. danaSaulebrivi
faqtebis moyvana ar gascilebia im dasaSveb zRvars, rac sazogadoebis obieqtur
informirebas iTvaliswinebs. aseve angariSi gaewia msxverpls da amiT daculi
iqna misi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. statiiT SeuZlebeli iyo
msxverplis miaxloebiTi identificirebac ki.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam sayveduri gamoucxada
gazeTs presis kodeqsis me-11 muxlis darRvevis gamo.
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, saqmis warmoebidan statiaSi moyvanili detalebi Seusabamod sensaciur xasiaTs atarebda. komisiis azriT,
danaSaulis garemoebebis detaluri aRwera aucileblobas ar warmoadgenda. saWiro iyo balansis dacva msxverplis da maTi axloblebis piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebasa da sazogadoebriv interess Soris.
sabWos gancxadebiT, gazeTma daarRvia presis kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebi,
gansakuTrebiT ki presis kodeqsis me-11 muxlis 11.1.11 paragrafi.

89

5. fotoilustracia

veb-gverdis Semqmneli firma

fotoretuSis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: dajildovebis ceremonialze erT-erTi patara qalaqi `internet-sofeli 2001~-is gamarjvebulad aRiares da daajildoves kidec.
erT-erTma adgilobrivma gazeTma gamoaqveyna masala am RonisZiebis Sesaxeb
da dajildovebis amsaxveli fotosuraTi. fotosuraTze aRbeWdili iyvnen
RonisZiebis monawileebi, romelTac xelSi eWiraT transparanti, warweriT
`www.(qalaqis saxeli).de~. warweris marcxniv qalaqis logo iyo gamosaxuli, marjvniv ki im firmis logo, romelmac am qalaqSi internetis ganviTarebas Seuwyo xeli. es fotosuraTi da RonisZiebis amsaxveli masala
meore gazeTmac gamoaqveyna, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi transparantis marjvniv
ganTavsebuli firmis logo fotoretuSiT iyo dafaruli.
aRniSnuli firmis mesakuTrem saCivriT mimarTa presis sabWos da
gaaprotesta is faqti, rom transparantidan gamqrali iyo misi firmis
logo, publikaciis teqstidan ki saerTod ar Canda, rom swored misi firma iyo veb-gverdis Semqmneli da mxolod firmis mesakuTris saxeli da
gvari iyo moxseniebuli.
gazeTis mTavarma redaqtorma fotosuraTze firmis logos Cveneba
da teqstSi organizaciis moxsenieba uadgilod miiCnia, radganac misi
azriT, Txrobis obieqti iyo ara firma, romelmac Seqmna veb-gverdi, aramed `internet-sofeli 2001~-is dajildoebis ceremonia. da saerTodac,
redaqcias zemoxsenebul firmasTan urTierTobis cudi praqtika hqonda
_ firma mudmivad cdilobda, is Jurnalistur publikaciebSi moexsenebinaT da am gziT Tavidan aecilebina fasiani gancxadebebis gamoqveyneba.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam CaTvala, rom dairRva presis kodeqsis me2 muxlis 2.212 paragrafi.
motivacia: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam es SemTxveva seriozul darRvevad miiCnia da dagmo gazeTis es qmedeba. redaqciis argumentacia, TiTqos zemoxsenebuli firma mudmivad cdilobda moxseniebuli yofiliyo
gazeTis Jurnalistur publikaciebSi, ar gamodgeba imis safuZvlad, rom
fotodokumenti yovelgvari miniSnebis gareSe Seicvalos.
komisiis gancxadebiT, fotosuraTebisa da ilustraciebis gamoqveynebis dros yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom teqstis Tanmxlebi
nebismieri saxis ilustraciis identificireba iolad iyos SesaZlebeli.

90

6. piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

ezoteruli gaerTianebis wevri

adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveynda statia, romelic ezoterul gaerTianebas Seexeboda da masSi miTiTebuli iyo rogorc gaerTianebis xelmZRvanelis, aseve iq moRvawe sxva pirebis saxelebi da gvarebi.
aRniSnuli gaerTianebis erT-erTma wevrma qalbatonma, romlis saxeli
da gvaric gazeTSi iyo moxseniebuli, presis sabWos saCivriT mimarTa.
qalbatonis gancxadebiT, is pedagogia da ezoterul gaerTianebaSi leqciebs kiTxulobs. momCivani Tvlida, rom vinaobis miTiTebiT gazeTma daarRvia misi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da, rac mTavaria, pativi
ar sca mis uflebas, emsjela personaluri monacemebis saredaqcio
mizniT gamoyenebis sakiTxze. momCivanis azriT, misi saxelis da gvaris,
profesiuli saqmianobis, samuSao adgilisa da samsaxuris adgilmdebareobis miTiTebiT dairRva presis kodeqsi.
saredaqcio kolegiam aRniSna, rom statiaSi moxseniebuli gvarebis
amokiTxva Tavad gaerTianebis mier gamocemul lifletSic iyo SesaZlebeli. sareklamo mizniT momzadebul am gamocemaSi ganTavsebuli iyo statiaSi CamoTvlili pirebis sruli monacemebi _ saxelisa da gvaris, aseve
profesiis miTiTebiT. redaqciis azriT, vinaobisa da iseTi profesiebis
miTiTeba, rogoricaa `mTavari sammarTvelos mrCeveli...~, an kidev `saSualo skolis direqtori...~ sakiTxis mniSvnelobas zrdida. profesiebis miTiTeba TvalnaTels xdida, Tu sazogadoebis romeli fenis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen am religiur gaerTianebaSi Cabmuli.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam sarCeli ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiis daskvnis Tanaxmad, momCivani qalbatonis vinaobisa da profesiis miTiTebiT, presis kodeqsis me-8 muxli ar darRveula.
komisiis azriT, ezoteruli organizacia sazogadoebrivi interesis sagania. amdenad, isic ar unda iyos sazogadoebisTvis interesmoklebuli,
Tu romeli pirebi arian am gaerTianebaSi sapasuxismgeblo poziciebze.
aqedan gamomdinare, komisiam marTebulad miiCnia am pirTa vinaobis da

91

TviT profesiuli saqmianobis miTiTeba, radganac am monacemebs pirdapiri kavSiri hqonda saqmis arssTan. ase, magaliTad, sazogadoebisaTvis
sainteresoa, rom erT-erTi piri, romelic ezoterul centrSi aRzrdis
sakiTxebze kiTxulobs leqciebs, saSualo skolis direqtoricaa da
amdenad, aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia akisria. komisiis azriT, broSuraze
gamotanili saxelebi da gvarebi, aseve sxva personaluri monacemebi,
romlebic am gaerTianebis wevrebis profesiul moRvaweobas Seexeba, sruliad gamiznul sareklamo xasiaTs atarebda. amitomac komisiam dasaSvebad miiCnia im piradi monacemebis sagazeTo publikaciaSi gamoyeneba, romlebic manamde Tavad am pirTa iniciativiT iyo gamoqveynebuli. komisiis
azriT, erTia ezoteruli gaerTianebis wevrebis Cveulebrivi sia da sul
sxvaa agitaciis mizniT gamoyenebuli sareklamo lifleti, sadac organizaciis wevrTa saxelebi da gvarebia miTiTebuli. mosarClem sakuTari
monacemebi sareklamo furcelze sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis mizniT
gamoaqveyna da amiT imTaviTve Tqva uari personaluri monacemebis
dacvaze.

mkiTxveli internet-gazeTis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: adgilobrivma internet-gazeTma Tavisi TanamSromelis binaSi daayena kamera, romelic quCas gadahyurebda da gzajvaredinisken
iyo mimarTuli. am kameriT gadaRebuli fotoebi, romlebic sididiT safosto markebs ar aRemateba, internet-gazeTis centraluri gverdis
portalze ibeWdeboda. erT-erTma mkiTxvelma qalma, romlis saxlic zustad am gzajvaredinTan mdebareobda, sabWos saCivriT mimarTa da ukmayofileba gamoTqva imis gamo, rom gamoqveynebuli suraTebis meSveobiT
yvelasTvis cxadi xdeboda, Tu rodis tovebda qalbatoni saxls an rodis
brundeboda Sin. marTalia, fotosuraTebze ucnobi adamianebis amocnoba
Zneli iyo, magram nacnobi adamianebis identificireba sakmaod iolad
SeiZleboda. amasTanave gamoricxuli ar iyo am kameriT axlo manZilidan
suraTis gadaReba. momCivani Tavs meTvalyureobis qveS grZnobda da
Tvlida, rom dairRva misi piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.
redaqciam aRniSna, rom arsebobda sazogadoebrivi interesi am fotoebis mimarT. redaqciis ganmartebiT, suraTebi ise iyo damuSavebuli, rom
SeuZlebeli iyo romelime pirovnebis identificireba, Tanac yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo fotoebis saTvalTvalo mizniT gamoyeneba. kameris gamoyeneba, redaqciis azriT, ar ewinaaRmdegeba im debulebebs, romlebic pirovnebis monacemebis dacvas iTvaliswinebs _ kamera ar imarTeba da arc
monacemebia arsad miTiTebuli.

92

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

gadawyvetileba: presis saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam gazeTs kameris

demontaJis rekomendaciiT mimarTa.
motivacia: komisias eleqtronuli produqciis regulirebis meqanizmebi jer bolomde Camoyalibebuli ara aqvs, miuxedavad amisa, internetgazeTi Tavisi statusiT erTmniSvnelovnad presis kodeqss eqvemdebareba.
sabWom es sakiTxi redaqciis mier piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis dacvis
kuTxiT ganixila. komisiam daaskvna, rom es ufleba kameris gamoyenebiT da
internetSi ganTavsebul gamosaxulebebSi iseve unda iyos daculi, rogorc
sxva SemTxvevebSi. Jurnalistma eleqtronuli mediaproduqciis Seqmnis
procesSi, axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebisas, iseve unda daicvas presis
kodeqsiT gansazRvruli piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, rogorc sxva
SemTxvevebSi. es exeba rogorc Cveulebriv moqalaqeebs, ise cnobad pirebsac.
msgavsi fotogamosaxulebebi umetes SemTxvevaSi konkretul pirovnebaze
ama Tu im monacemis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva: magaliTad, sad imyofeboda
es pirovneba drois garkveul momentSi. amasTanave, isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom suraTis damuSavebis SemTxvevaSi, Tundac ubralo gadidebis
dros, pirovnebis amocnobadobis xarisxi matulobs, xolo presis kodeqsis
principebidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis unda iyos daculi balansi informaciisadmi sazogadoebriv interessa da dazaralebulis interesebs Soris.
pirad cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ise unda gaSuqdes, rom
sazogadoebrivma interesma vinmes ufleba ar Selaxos. aqedan gamomdinare,
suraTze pirovnebis piradi maxasiaTeblis miniSneba, Tavad am pirovnebis
nebarTvis gareSe, miuRebelia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs didi sazogadoebrivi interesi konkretuli publikaciis mimarT, internetis meSveobiT pirovnebis piradi monacemebis gavrceleba dauSvebelia. kameris gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, suraTebis Tanmimdevroba internetSi ise unda iyos
SemoTavazebuli, rom ar dairRves fotoze aRbeWdili piris piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. sabWom Txova internet-gazeTs, momavalSic
gaeTvaliswinebina presis sabWos mier gakeTebuli Sefaseba, rogorc es
kameris demontaJisas ganaxorciela.

93

7. vinaobis identificireba

mkiTxveli vinaobis
identificirebis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobrivma gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, saTauriT `Semzaravi SemTxveva: abazanaSi napovnia mkvdari qali!~ statiaSi moTxrobili iyo, Tu rogor aRmoaCines sakuTari saxlis saabazanoSi qalis cxedari. gazeTi eyrdnoboda policiis monacemebs imis Taobaze, rom adgili
hqonda sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls da rom daakaves daRupulis qmari,
rogorc mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanili. publikaciaSi miTiTebuli iyo im
saxlis zusti misamarTi, sadac es borotmoqmedeba moxda, statias aseve
Tan axlda aRniSnuli saxlis fotosuraTi.
mkiTxvelma sarCeliT mimarTa sabWos da gaaprotesta statiaSi zusti
misamarTis miTiTebis faqti. misi azriT, swored aman gamoiwvia cnobismoyvare xalxis Tavmoyra dazaralebulis saxlTan, rac dazaralebuli
ojaxisaTvis damatebiTi usiamovnebebis mizezad da SemzRudav faqtorad
iqca. momCivanma aseve ar gaiziara gazeTis argumenti, TiTqos misamarTis
gamoqveynebis mizezi iyo is, rom eWvmitanili sajaro piri _ adgilobrivi
sabWos deputati, da amdenad sazogadoebrivi interesis obieqti iyo. momCivanis azriT, es garemoeba arasakmarisi iyo publikaciaSi msgavsi detalis misaTiTeblad.
redaqciam daumsaxureblad miiCnia sayveduri, romelic statiis
gamoqveynebas gazeTis misamarTiT mohyva, radganac danaSaulSi eWvmitanili piri qalaqSi sakmaod cnobil sajaro figuras warmoadgenda. is
qristianul-demokratiuli partiis wevri da adgilobrivi sabWos warmomadgeneli iyo. redaqciis azriT, sazogadoebrivi interesi publikaciis
mimarT imanac gamoiwvia, rom gazeTi warsulSic sakmaod xSirad aSuqebda
eWvmitanilis saqmianobas, oRond xazinadaris rangSi. rac Seexeba zusti
misamarTis miTiTebas, gazeTma aRiara, rom adgili hqonda `umniSvnelo
gadacdomas~, rom statiaSi misamarTis miTiTeba _ informaciuli
TvalsazrisiT _ araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgenda. redaqtoris ganmartebiT, Tavdapirvelad misamarTi statiis Savi variantidan misi piradi
miTiTebiT amoiRes, Tumca uyuradRebobis gamo, beWdvis procesSi mainc
Tavdapirveli varianti gaipara.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivari safuZvlianad miiCnia da gazeTs
SeniSvna misca.

94

vinaobis identificireba
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, gazeTma daarRvia presis kodeqsis me-8
muxli.
komisiis azriT, misamarTis miTiTeba ar iyo ganpirobebuli sazogadoebrivi interesiT, radgan es detali umniSvnelo iyo sazogadoebrivi
azris Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. amdenad, informaciisadmi sazogadoebis
interessa da dazaralebulis pirovnul uflebebs Soris balansis
dacvis SemTxvevaSi am saxis monacemebi saerTod ar unda qveyndebodes.
es moTxovna im SemTxvevaSic ki unda moqmedebdes, roca saqme im pirebs
exebaT, romelTa mimarT sazogadoebrivi interesi arsebobs.

socialisturi partiis wevri

adgilobrivi gazeTis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobrivma gazeTma gamoaqveyna mkiTxvelis werili, romelzec redaqciam werilis avtoris vinaobasTan da misamarTTan erTad
isic miuTiTa, rom aRniSnuli piri gaerTianebuli socialisturi partiis
axalgazrduli organizaciis wevri iyo. werilis avtorma redaqciis mxridan partiuli kuTvnilebis identificirebis faqti sabWoSi gaasaCivra.
redaqciis gancxadebiT, aseTi minaweris gakeTeba gamowveuli iyo
imiT, rom werilis avtori sajaro figura _ partiis regionuli gaerTianebis Tavmjdomaris movaleobis Semsrulebeli gaxldaT. mas kargad
icnobdnen regionSi, rogorc aRniSnuli organizaciis aqtiur wevrs.
gadawyvetileba: saCivrebis ganxilvis komisiam presis kodeqsis me-2
muxlis darRvevis gamo redaqcias sayveduri gamoucxada.
motivacia: komisiis azriT, Jurnalisturi eTikis principebidan gamomdinare, miuRebelia vinaobisa da misamarTis gverdiT pirovnebis partiuli kuTvnilebis miTiTeba. iseTi STabeWdileba rCeboda, TiTqos werilis avtorma am faqts TviTon gausva xazi, rac sinamdviles ar Seesabameboda. amasTanave komisiis azriT, dasaSvebi iqneboda, redaqcias werilisaTvis saredaqcio SeniSvna rom daerTo da iq aReniSna werilis avtoris partiuli kuTvnileba.

95

sqolio:
1

me-8 muxli: presam pativi unda sces

adamianis pirad cxovrebas. miuxedavad
amisa, Tu adamianis pirad cxovrebasTan
dakavSirebuli calkeuli qmedebebi
sazogadoebrivi interesis sagania,
SesaZlebelia misi ganxilva presis
saSualebiT. aseT SemTxvevebSi
Jurnalists marTebs sifrTxile, raTa im
adamianebis uflebebi ar Seilaxos,
romlebic ar warmoadgenen interesis
sagans. presam pativi unda sces
pirovnebis uflebas da daicvas mis
Sesaxeb arsebuli personaluri
monacemebi.

me-11 muxli: presam Tavi unda Seikavos

usafuZvlo sensaciuri masalebis
gamoqveynebisgan, romlebic Zaladobasa
da sisastikes Seexeba. aseTi saxis
masalebSi ar unda moxdes
arasrulwlovanTa moxsenieba.

me-12 muxli: dauSvebelia pirovnebis

diskriminacia misi sqesobrivi, rasob
rivi, eTnikuri, religiuri, socialuri
Tu erovnuli kuTvnilebis gamo.

96

me-15 muxli: nebismieri saxis

privilegiis miReba, romelmac SesaZloa,
gavlena moaxdinos sagamomcemlo an
saredaqcio moqmedebis Tavisuflebaze,
ewinaaRmdegeba Rirseuli da
damoukidebeli presis misias. yvela, vinc
iRebs qrTams informaciis gavrcelebis
an dablokvisaTvis, uRirsad da
araprofesiulad iqceva.

8.4. avadmyofoba: fizikuri da gonebrivi

daavadebebi da dazianebebi pirovnebis
cxovrebis konfidencialuri mxarea.
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Tu
samedicino dawesebulebebis aRwerisas
presam Tavi unda Seikavos vinaobisa da
fotoebis gamoqveynebisgan, damamcire
beli terminebis gamoyenebisagan maSinac
ki, roca aseT terminebs vxvdebiT
yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi. adamianebs,
maT Soris cnobil pirovnebebs,
sicocxleSic da sikvdilis Semdegac
kanoni icavs iseTi faqtebis
gaxmaurebisagan, romlebic maT
diskreditacias iwvevs.

me-13 muxli: reportaJebi, romelic

mimdinare gamoZiebebs, sisxlis
samarTlis procesebsa da sxva
oficialuri saqmeebis warmoebas Seexeba,
ar unda Seicavdes winaswar mosazrebebs.
am mizniT procesamde an procesis
msvlelobis periodSi presa unda
moeridos, rogorc saTaurSi, ise
reportaJSi, iseTi saxis komentaris
gakeTebas, romelic SesaZloa, aRqmuli
iyos mikerZoebulad. eWvmitanili ar
unda warmoCndes damnaSaved saboloo
ganaCenis gamotanamde. sasamarTlos
gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebamde
ganaCenis gaSuqeba ar aris mizanSewonili,
Tu amisaTvis seriozuli mizezi
ar arsebobs.

me-9 muxli: Jurnalistur eTikas

ewinaaRmdegeba usafuZvlo,
gansakuTrebiT ki Rirsebis Semlaxveli
braldebebis gamoqveyneba.

me-2 muxli: specifikuri xasiaTis axali

ambavi da informacia, teqstobrivi Tu
fotopublikaciis saxiT, unda Semowmdes
arsebuli pirobebis Sesabamisi
maqsimaluri sizustiT. masalis
mniSvneloba ar unda damaxinjdes an
gayalbdes redaqtirebis an saTauris
Sedegad. dokumentis arsi zustad unda
iyos gadmocemuli. Tuki informacia ar
aris dadasturebuli, eyrdnoba Worebs
da varauds, amis Sesaxeb unda iyos
miTiTebuli statiaSi. simboluri
mniSvnelobis fotos gamoqveynebisas,
misi warwera unda aRniSnavdes, rom foto
ar aris dokumenturi.

2.6. mkiTxvelis werilebi: periodulma

12

gamocemebma unda gamoaqveynon

Sesaferisi formisa da Sinaarsis
mkiTxvelTa werilebi, raTa saSualeba
miscen mkiTxvelebs, gamoxaton TavianTi
Tvalsazrisi da amgvarad xeli Seuwyon
sazogadoebrivi azris formirebas.
10

11

(gansakuTrebiT fotosuraTs), romelic

SesaZloa, mkiTxvelma dokumentur
ilustraciad aRiqvas, mkiTxvelis
SecdomaSi Seyvanis Tavidan acilebis
mizniT, unda erTvodes Sesabamisi
aRniSvna. ilustraciis saTaurSi an
TandarTul titrSi garkveviT unda
aRiniSnos:
damxmare an saCvenebeli
ilustraciebi (nebismieri saxis
motivaciis dros);
simboluri ilustraciebi
(rekonstruirebuli scenebi,
grafikuli naxatebi, teqstis
mxatvruli dasuraTeba da sxva);
fotomontaJi an sxva saxis kolaJebi.

me-7 muxli: sazogadoebis winaSe presis

pasuxismgebloba moiTxovs, rom mesame
mxaris kerZo da bizness interesebma, an
Jurnalistis komerciulma interesma
gavlena ar moaxdinos saredaqcio
publikaciebze. gamomcemlebma da
redaqtorebma Tavidan unda aicilon
msgavsi mcdelobebi da mkafiod gamijnon
erTmaneTisagan saredaqcio da
sareklamo masalebi.
punqti 11.1: reportaJi usafuZvlod
sensaciuria, Tu Jurnalistur
publikaciaSi adamiani ganixileba,
rogorc avtoriseuli miznis misaRwevi
obieqti. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme
exeba momakvdav, fizikurad an sulierad
avadmyof adamianebs da informaciis gav
rceleba ar Seesabameba sazogadoebriv
interessa da informaciaze mkiTxvelis
moTxovnilebas.

2.2. aradokumentur ilustracias

13

8.1.gvarebis da fotoebis gamoqveyneba:

rogorc wesi, gaumarTlebelia
msxverplTa da braldebulTa vinaobisa
da fotoebis gamoqveyneba ubeduri
SemTxvevebis, danaSaulis, Ziebis an
sasamarTlo procesis amsaxvel masalaSi.
TiToeul SemTxvevaSi unda aiwon-daiwonos
sazogadoebis ufleba _ flobdes
informacias da adamianis piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba. am
ukanasknelma ar unda gadaswonos
sazogadoebis ufleba _ flobdes
informacias.

97

98

99

100

Sinaarsi
Sesavali

103

presis saCivrebis komisia

103

1. konfidencialuri wyaroebi

105

ser jon gorsti

`deili telegrafis~ winaaRmdeg
2. diskriminacia

105
107

ariel Saroni
`indifendentis~ winaaRmdeg

107

mkiTxveli `deili telegrafis~

winaaRmdeg

109

defid uigli gazeT `deili eqspresis~

winaaRmdeg

110

doqtori rei uolleri `deili staris~

winaaRmdeg

111

siu ainqou
`meil on sandeis~ winaaRmdeg

112

3. Seviwroeba
judi tonneri `msoflio axali ambebis~
(Sotlandiuri damateba) winaaRmdeg
4. mosasmeni saSualebebi
izabel stouni `msoflios
axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg
5. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba
ser pol makkartni
Jurnal `hellous~ winaaRmdeg

114
114
116
116
118
118

ser elton joni `sportis~, `deili

staris~, `eskvaeris~ da `sqais~ winaaRmdeg 119
renate joni `sandei miroris~ winaaRmdeg 120
hiu granti `sandei miroris~ winaaRmdeg

123

Son koneri `sandei meilis~ winaaRmdeg

123

princi uiliami
Jurnal `O.K!~-is winaaRmdeg

125

dinamiti
`insligton gazetis~ winaaRmdeg

126

kim nobeli
`jersi ivning postis~ winaaRmdeg

127

surran jounsi
`deili sportis~ winaaRmdeg

128

101

keit bekinseili
`deili meilis~ winaaRmdeg

129

joan loidi da jon ogdeni

`sandei sanis~ winaaRmdeg

130

6. bavSvebi
premier-ministri bleri da
misi meuRle `deili telegrafisa~
da `deili meilis~ winaaRmdeg

131

131

premier-ministri bleri da
misi meuRle `meil on sandeis~ winaaRmdeg 133
premier-ministri bleri da
misi meuRle `deili sportis~ winaaRmdeg 136
d uilkinsoni `sanis~
(Sotlandiuri damateba) winaaRmdeg
138
batoni bleiki `bedforSir on
sandeis~ winaaRmdeg

140

maikl uiliamsi `miroris~ winaaRmdeg

141

7. SecdomaSi Seyvana
polin grini
`deili eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

143
143

emma mensoni
`msoflio axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg

144

mamakaci `obzerveris~ winaaRmdeg

145

rkinigzis kompania `indifendentis~

winaaRmdeg

147

varun Singari
`msoflio axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg

148

jim faldo `sanis~ winaaRmdeg

150

8. kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda

151

presis saCivrebis komisia `gardianis~

winaaRmdeg

151

roderik makfarkueri
`gardianis~ winaaRmdeg

153

martinebi `Teik breiqis~ winaaRmdeg

154

jeison koli `sandei sportis~

winaaRmdeg

154

9. pasuxis ufleba
moZRvari pet brauni
`noTingem ivning postis~ winaaRmdeg
10. saavadmyofoebi
daglas brauni `sanis~ winaaRmdeg

102

156
156
157
157

Sesavali

presis
saCivrebis komisia

presis saCivrebis komisia aris damoukidebeli subieqti, romelic muSaobs sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa im saCivrebze, romlebSic gamoTqmulia raime saxis pretenzia
Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT.
praqtikis kodeqsi aris TviTregulirebis sistemis sayrdeni, presis saCivrebis komisiis saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti. kodeqsi
pres-industriis warmomadgenelTa mier
aris Seqmnili da presis saCivrebis komisiis
mier ratificirebuli. periodulad mas redaqtorTa komiteti ixilavs da xvews. komisia ki sabolood amtkicebs cvlilebebs.
2002 wlisaTvis komisiam daasrula 2,630
saCivris Seswavla, sadac aTidan eqvsi saCivari _ faqtebis sizustes, oTxidan erTi ki
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas Seexeboda. yvela saCivari ganixileboda praqtikis
kodeqsze dayrdnobiT. am kodeqss, romelic
Tavad redaqtorebis mier aris SemuSavebuli, uerTdeba didi britaneTis yvela saerTo nacionaluri da regionaluri beWdviTi
media da masSi Camoyalibebulia is principebi, romlebic informaciis mopovebasa da
gavrcelebas ukavSirdeba. es kodeqsi aseve
uzrunvelyofs iseTi daucveli jgufebis
dacvas, rogorebicaa bavSvebi, pacientebi da
diskriminaciis riskis winaSe mdgomi pirebi.
presis saCivrebis komisiis mTavari miza-

103

nia, daexmaros im moqalaqeebs, romlebsac raime saxis

pretenzia uCndebaT presis saSualebebis mimarT. am
funqciis efeqturad ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis
mizniT, komisia reagirebs operatiulad da yovelgvari
gadasaxadis gareSe. garda imisa, rom komisiisaTvis mimarTva ufasoa da moqalaqes ar esaWiroeba iuridiuli
konsultanti an advokati, sagazeTo industriis TviTmmarTvelobis mesveurTa efeqturi muSaobis Sedegad,
es saqmianoba tvirTad arc gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebs
awvebaT.
erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocana komisiis xelmisawvdomobaa. am mizniT funqcionirebs cxeli xazi, romelic
moqalaqeebs saCivrebis SedgenaSi exmareba, qveyndeba
damxmare literatura, maT Soris umciresobaTa enebzec, moqmedebs veb-saiti, teqstfonebi smenadaqveiTebulTaTvis da es informacia 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSia
xelmisawvdomi.
TviTregulirebis warmatebuli muSaobis safuZvelia is, rom masSi mTeli sagamomcemlo industria monawileobs. regularulad qveyndeba yvela is mniSvnelovani kritikuli gadawyvetileba, romelic aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi komisias gamoutania da mas yvela Jurnal gazeTi aqveynebs.
rodesac komisiaSi saCivari Sedis, redaqtorebma
ician, rom erTaderTi, rac maT unda moimoqmedon, es
praqtikis kodeqsis principebidan gamomdinare, sakuTari interesis dacvaa. swored es aris redaqtorebis
mxridan kodeqsisadmi erTgulebis gamoxatuleba. kidev
erTi niSani, romelic xazs usvams am kodeqsisadmi gansakuTrebul damokidebulebas, aris is, rom qveyanaSi
moqmedi Jurnal-gazeTebis redaqtorTa absolutur
umetesobas am kodeqsis principebis erTguleba SromiTi
kontraqtebiTac evalebaT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom redaqtorebisaTvis gankuTvnili kodeqsi Tavad redaqtorebis mier aris dawerili,
is ar aris sagazeTo industriis ubralo iaraRi. piriqiT, komisiis wevrTa umravlesoba ar warmoadgens sagazeTo industriaSi CarTul adamianebs, radgan komisia
upirveles yovlisa, mosarCleTa interesebis dasacavad
aris Seqmnili da igi damoukidebeli organoa. komisiaSi
arCevis sistema uzrunvelyofs masSi sazogadoebis im
gamorCeul wevrTa monawileobas, romlebic pres-industriisagan damoukideblebi arian.

104

1. konfidencialuri wyaroebi

ser jon gorsti `deili telegrafis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: parlamentis wevrma CrdiloeT hendonidan, ser jon gorstma saCivriT mimarTa komisias gazeT deili telegrafis publikaciasTan dakavSirebiT. 1996 wlis 13 ivniss gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, saTauriT `Zalauflebis SesanarCuneblad mmarTveli hospitals icavs~.
mosarCle miiCnevda, rom publikacia eyrdnoboda informacias, romelic
man konfidencialurad gaando Jurnalists, konfidencialurobis gaTqma
ki praqtikis kodeqsis me-15 muxlis (konfidencialuri wyaro)1 darRveva
da mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvana iyo da ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis 1
muxls (sizuste)2.
1996 wlis 11 ivniss ser jon gorsti interviuze daTanxmda hendon
taimsis korespondents, romelic imavdroulad deili telegrafis StatgareSe korespondentic iyo. interviu exeboda ejvearis hospitalis saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis departamentis momavals. am departamentis SenarCunebaze uSualod ser joni da parlamentis kidev erTi wevri
zrunavdnen. gorstma komisias ganucxada, rom igi interviuze mxolod
erTi pirobiT daTanxmda _ Tu departamentis momavalTan dakavSirebiT
saxelmwifo mdivanTan SeTanxmebis miRweva moxerxdeboda, am SemTxvevaSi
gazeTi araviTar masalas ar gamoaqveynebda. parlamentarma uTxra Jurnalists, rom man gaafrTxila saxelmwifo mdivani, Tu ar moxdeboda
saswrafo daxmarebis departamentis mTlianad SenarCuneba, saxelmwifo
mdivani qveynis mTavrobaSi misi da misi kolega parlamentaris Tanadgomas
dahkargavda. saxelmwifo mdivanma es faqtori gaiTvaliswina da saswrafo
daxmarebis departamenti SeinarCuna, rac dauyovnebliv ecnoba Jurnalists. ser jon gorstis gancxadebiT, gazeTis politikuri ganyofilebis
redaqtormac ki icoda aseTi pirobis arseboba da isic, rom masala
SeiZleboda ar gamoqveynebuliyo.
miuxedavad amisa, 13 ivniss deili telegrafma gamoaqveyna publikacia,
romelic ser jon gorstis intervius mimoxilvas Seicavda. mosarCle
aprotestebda am faqts, zemoT aRweril garemoebaTa gamo. misi SefasebiT,
es qmedeba ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-15 muxlis moTxovnas,
romelic informaciis wyaros konfidencialurobis uzrunvelyofas iTvaliswinebs. ufro metic, momCivanis azriT, gazeTma SecdomaSi Seiyvana

105

mkiTxveli, radgan daarwmuna is, rom aRniSnuli masalebi da gamonaTqvamebi misi TanxmobiT iyo gamoqveynebuli, am qmedebiT ki daarRvia kodeqsis
pirveli muxli.
redaqciis pozicia efuZneboda im argumentacias, rom meTodebi, romliTac parlamentis wevrebma saswrafo daxmarebis SenarCuneba SesZles,
sazogadoebis gansakuTrebuli interesis sagani iyo. gazeTis xelmZRvaneloba acxadebda, rom raime saxis molaparakebis arsebobis Sesaxeb isini
informirebuli ar yofilan da rom StatgareSe korespondenti ar iyo
uflebamosili, deili telegrafis saxeliT sakuTar Tavze aeRo raime
damatebiTi valdebuleba.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli ar dakmayofilda.
motivacia: komisiam gaiTvaliswina, rom ser jon gorsti awarmoebda
energiul kampanias Tavisi amomrCevlebis, kerZod, ejvearis hospitalis
saswrafo da gadaudebeli daxmarebis departamentis sasargeblod da
ganixila es interviu, rogorc am kampaniis Semadgeneli nawili, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad mosarCle StatgareSe JurnalistTan zepiri SeTanxmebis safuZvelze, mas konfidencialurobis dacvis pirobiT micemul
interviud miiCnevda, romlis gamoqveyneba-argamoqveynebas gansazRvravda saxelmwifo mdivnis politika hospitalis departamentis mimarT.
kodeqsis me-15 muxli Seexeba Jurnalistis moralur valdebulebas,
daicvas informaciis wyaros konfidencialuroba. rogorc wesi, komisia
ar ganixilavs sarCelebs konfidencialur informaciaze dafuZnebul
publikaciebSi arsebul savaraudo darRvevebze, Tu sarCeli kodeqsis
sxva muxlebis darRvevasac ar ukavSirdeba. komisiam aseve aRniSna, rom
ser jon gorsti statiaSi ar ganixileboda, rogorc am ambis sainformacio wyaro. amdenad, komisiam uari ganacxada kodeqsis me-15 muxlis
darRvevis ganxilvaze.
rac Seexeba kodeqsis pirvel muxls, komisiam miiCnia, rom statiaSi
ar hqonia adgili faqtis damaxinjebas da amdenad, arc am muxlis moTxovna
(sizuste) darRveula.
13 ivnisi, 1996

106

2. diskriminacia

ariel Saroni `indifendentis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: israelis saelCosa da ariel Saronis saxeliT komisias saCivriT mimarTa advokatma miSon de riam da ganacxada, rom gazeT indifendentis 2003 wlis 27 ianvris nomerSi gamoqveynebuli karikatura aris
usamarTlo, damamcirebeli da ewinaaRmdegeba kodeqsis me-13 (diskriminacia)3 muxls.
karikatura gamoqveynda israelSi dagegmil arCevnebamde erTi dRiT
adre da Razas seqtorze israelis jarebis ieriSis meore dRes. karikaturaze asaxuli iyo israelis premier-ministri ariel Saroni, romelic
bavSs Wamda da ambobda `ra gikvirT... ar ginaxavT politikosi, romelic
bavSvs kocnis?~ karikaturis ukana planze gamosaxuli iyo vertmfreni,
saidanac xmis gamaZliereblebiT gadmocemdnen mowodebas `Saroni... airCieT Saroni... Saroni~. tanki da cecxlovani birTvebi asaxavdnen brZolis vels. karikaturistma naxatze gaakeTa minaweri `goias Semdgom~, riTac mianiSna francisko goias cnobil naxatze `saturni nTqavs Tavis
erT-erT Svils~.
advokatis gancxadebiT, karikatura ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis me13 muxls, radganac antisemitur ganwyobas aRvivebda.
sarCelSi miTiTebuli iyo im garemoebazec, rom karikaturis siuJetSi
batoni Saronis mier bavSvis SeWmis gamosaxva iyo miniSneba e.w. `sisxlian
ciliswamebaze~, romlis Tanaxmad, ebraelebs qristian bavSvebze nadiroba braldebodaT da amas religiuri safuZveli hqonda. did britaneTSi
aseTi braldeba ebraelebis mimarT istoriulad agresiul ganwyobas
aRvivebda. Sesabamisad, karikaturaSi aseTi siuJetis gamoyeneba, mosarClis SefasebiT, Seuracxyofda batoni Saronis erovnebasa da religias.
indifendentis redaqtorma pasuxad ganacxada, rom karikatura antisemituri ar iyo da ar gamosaxavda ebraul an israelis saxelmwifo simboloebs. redaqtorma aseve uaryo raime saxis miniSneba e.w. `sisxlian ciliswamebaze~. misive SefasebiT, Razas seqtorze israelis samxedro ieriSic momavali arCevnebis konteqstidan gamomdinareobda da karikaturis
gamoqveynebis motivic swored es iyo. aseve iTqva, rom gazeTma gamoaq-

107

veyna araerTi statia, romelSic aisaxa cnobili ebraeli politikosebis

da sazogado moRvaweebis mosazrebebi aRniSnul sakiTxze. maT hqondaT
saSualeba, gamoeTqvaT azri am konkretul karikaturasTan dakavSirebiTac. redaqtori miiCnevda, rom naxatze asaxuli bavSvi simbolurad israelis saxelmwifos eleqtorats warmoadgenda, romelsac premier-ministri `umowyalod STanTqavda~. redaqtorma komisiis wevrTa
yuradReba gaamaxvila am davis precedentul mniSvnelobaze da aRniSna,
rom sityvisa da azris gamoxatvis TavisuflebisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania is, rom presas yovelTvis hqondes calkeuli politikuri lideris gakritikebis Tavisufleba da ar eSinodes imis, rom amis gamo SemdgomSi mas rasizmSi daadanaSauleben.
mosarCle mxaris advokatis SefasebiT, imisda miuxedavad, Seicavda
Tu ara karikatura ebraul religiur an saxelmwifoebriv simbolikas
Tavad is faqti, rom masze asaxuli iyo premieri Saroni, cnobili ebraeli, ukve miuTiTebda antisemitur motivsa da `sisxliani ciliswamebis~
gaRvivebaze. misive gancxadebiT, israelis eleqtoratis gaigiveba karikaturaze gamosaxul bavSvTan aris redaqciis mcdeloba, Tavidan aicilos
pasuxismgebloba `sisxlian ciliswamebaze~.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli ar dakmayofilda.
motivacia: komisiisaTvis cxadi iyo, rom aRniSnulma karikaturam SeaSfoTa adamianTa didi jgufi. bevrma, vinc es karikatura antisemiturad
miiCnia, komisias saCivriT mimarTa. TviTregulirebis organom dadebiTad
Seafasa Tavad premier Saronis pirovnuli gadawyvetileba, miemarTa
komisiisaTvis da am nabijiT xazi gaesva praqtikis kodeqsis me-13 muxlis
mniSvnelobisaTvis, romelic Seiqmna imisaTvis, raTa `daculi iyos
nebismieri piris religiuri da erovnuli grZnobebi mikerZoebuli da
damamcirebeli komentarebisagan~. komisiis wevrebma aRniSnes, rom isini
acnobiereben pirTa jgufebis ganwyobilebas, Tumca iqve miuTiTes, rom
praqtikis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs iseT pretenziebs, romlebic pirTa
jgufebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli religiuri an eTnikuri Seuracxyofis
braldebas gulisxmobs.
komisiis SefasebiT, mniSvnelovania is, rom karikaturaSi batoni Saroni asaxuli iyo rogorc erTi pirovneba, saxelmwifos meTauri da politikuri partiis lideri, romlis politikis kritika, gazeTis erTaderTi mizani iyo. saxelmwifoTa meTaurebi da politikuri liderebi xSirad arian ama Tu im satiruli publikaciebis obieqtebi da vizualurad
warmoadgenen TavianT qveynebs. aqedan gamomdinare komisia eWvqveS ver
daayenebs presis uflebas: gaakritokos mTavroba an gamoxatos satiruli
komentari mis mimarT, mTavrobaTa liderebis karikaturis Seqmnis gziT.
komisiam cnobad miiRo is garemoeba, rom gazeTma gamoaqveyna komentarebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac, mkiTxvelTa erTma nawilma es karikatura
aRiqva, rogorc `sisxliani ciliswameba~, xolo meore nawils msgavsi

108

diskriminacia
asociaciebi ar gasCenia. amdenad, komisiam ver gaizira mosazreba, TiTqos
karikaturasa da `sisxlian ciliswamebas~ Soris raime kavSiri arsebobda. komisiam mwuxareba gamoTqva imis gamo, rom aRniSnuli karikatura
batonma Saronma, rogorc individma, mis Seuracxyofad miiCnia da es
pozicia garkveul pirTa jgufebmac gaiziares, Tumca komisiis azriT, es
ar iyo sakmarisi safuZveli imisaTvis, rom gazeTi praqtikis kodeqsis
me-13 muxlis darRvevaSi daedanaSaulebinaT.
komisiam ar gaiziara mosarClis advokatis pozicia imis Taobaze, rom
premieri Saroni cnobili pirovneba da ebraelTa lideria da amdenad,
misi uaryofiT satirul konteqstSi moxsenieba ebraelTa erovnuli da
religiuri grZnobebis Seuracxyofa da antisemitizmis gamovlineba iyo.
swored imis gamo, rom batoni Saroni sajaro piria, gazeTs aqvs ufleba,
gamoxatos sakuTari damokidebuleba mis mimarT da es ar ukavSirdeba
premieris religiur mrwamss. komisiam aseve uaryo raime aluzia goias
cnobili naxatis siuJetsa da antisemitur ganwyobilebebs Soris.
27 ianvari, 2003

mkiTxveli `deili eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: presis sabWos saCivriT mimarTa mkiTxvelma, romlis SefasebiT, deili eqspresSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `ratom unda
viTmino fanatikosTa gamosvlebi mxolod imitom, rom isini muslimanebi arian? Seicavda arakeTilsindisier informacias da iyo diskriminaciuli muslimanuri mrwamsis mimarT, rac Tavis mxriv, arRvevda
praqtikis kodeqsis 1 (sizuste) da 13 (diskriminacia) muxlebs.
momCivani komisiis wevrTa yuradRebas publikaciis ramodenime momentze amaxvilebda da acxadebda, rom statia diskriminaciuli xasiaTis iyo.
misi SefasebiT, avtoris gamonaTqvamebi Seuracxyofda muslimanTa
cxovrebis wessa da Sexedulebebs da akeTebda araswor ganzogadoebebs.
misive azriT, statia rasistulad motivirebuli iyo. momCivani aRniSnavda, rom yvela muslimani ar aris bin ladenis mxardamWeri da rom colebis cema da qalebis gaTxoveba maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod muslimanuri
sazogadoebis upirobo Tviseba ar aris. mkiTxveli acxadebda, rom muslimanTa umravlesoba zomieri da gawonasworebuli adamianebi arian.
gazeTis xelmZRvanelobam miuTiTa im garemoebaze, rom praqtikis
kodeqsis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, statia gamoqveynda rubrikiT komentari da xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom es iyo avtoris azri. redaqcia miiCnevda,
rom ar darRveula kodeqsis pirveli muxlis moTxovna (sizuste). redaqciisave gancxadebiT, arc me-13 muxli (diskriminacia) darRveula, radgan

109

statia ar Seicavda raime saxis miniSnebas pirovnebis religiur mrwamsze.

deili eqspresi miuTiTebda imazec, rom momdevno kviras gazeTma muslimanTa sabWos wevris sapasuxo statiac gamoaqveyna.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli ar dakmayofilda.
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, aseTi sakiTxebis gaSuqebas presa maRali
standartebiT udgeba da rogorc wesi, did sifrTxiles iCens umciresobebis
mimarT. komisiis wevrebma aRniSnes, rom komisiaSi Sevida ramodenime sarCeli
analogiur sakiTxze, Tumca umetes SemTxvevaSi saqme ugemovno, cud
Jurnalistikas Seexeboda da ara kodeqsis normebis darRvevas.
komisiam isargebla am SemTxveviT da kidev erTxel aRniSna, aseT sakiTxebSi kodeqsis fuZemdebluri principebis dacvis aucilebloba. komisiis wevrebma kidev erTxel gaamaxviles redaqtorebis yuradReba imaze,
rom publikaciebSi konkretuli pirovnebis moxseniebisas, misi religiuri an rasobrivi kuTvnilebis gamo, raime saxis diskriminacia dauSvebelia da rodesac amdagvari dava Tavs iCens, mxares dauyovnebliv unda
mieces pasuxis gacemis saSualeba.

defid uigli `deili eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: parlamentis wevrma defid uiglim komisias sarCeliT mimarTa 1998 wlis agvistoSi gazeT deili eqspresSi gamoqveynebuli publikaciis gamo, saTauriT fulis flangva laparakisaTvis~. mosarClis
azriT, publikacia iyo mikerZoebuli da damcinavi, rac praqtikis kodeqsis me-13 muxlis (diskriminacia) darRvevas warmoadgenda.
mosarClem gaaprotesta Jurnalist stiven pollardis saavtoro statia, romelSic gamoTqmuli iyo misi Sexedulebebi uelsuri enis sazogadoebis ganzraxvaze, uelsur enas uelsis asambleaSi inglisur enasTan
gaTanabrebuli statusi miniWeboda. mosarClis gancxadebiT, avtorma
mkiTxvels sazogadoeba dauxasiaTa, rogorc `SeSlilTa~ krebuli, xolo
uelsur enas _ mkvdari ena uwoda. avtori acxadebda, rom uelsuridan
inglisurad Targmnaze gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa fulis xarjva iyo
uyairaToba, iseve rogorc Tanxis uelsis asambleisaTvis gaReba da rom
did britaneTSi erTaderTi oficialuri ena inglisuria. mosarCle miiCnevda, rom statia eTnikurad arakoreqtuli da miuRebeli iyo.
redaqciam pasuxod ganacxada, rom es iyo politikuri statia, romelic gadasaxadebis gadamxdelTa Tanxebis gankargvas Seexeboda. deili
eqspresis azriT, es iyo samarTliani komentari da mkafiod gamokveTilo
pozicia, romelic mkiTxvels Tvalsazrisis rubrikiT miewoda. redaqciam
wuxili gamoTqva imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mosarClem am poziciis gamo
Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZno, Tumca iqve aRniSna, rom Jurnalists aqvs

110

diskriminacia
upirobo ufleba, gamoTqvas mkveTri pozicia politikur Temebze.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam calsaxad da upirobod Camoayaliba sakuTari
damokidebuleba nebismier publikaciaSi pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli rasistuli an diskriminaciuli gamovlinebebis dauSveblobis Sesaxeb. komisiam kidev erTxel aRniSna, rom mzad aris Seiswavlos da gamoiZios konkretuli pirovnebis mier Semotanili nebismieri saCivari, rodesac sakiTxi adamianis pirovnul uflebebs da Tavisuflebebs exeba.
mocemul publikaciasTan dakavSirebiT, komisiam miuTiTa im garemoebaze, rom statia ar Seexeboda konkretul individs da mxolod politikur Temaze gamoTqmuli avtoris zogadi komentari iyo. Jurnalistma
gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba did britaneTSi uelsuri enis statussa da im
xarjebis mizanSewonilobaze, romelic uelsis asambleaSi Targmanebze
ixarjeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtoris ena iyo uxeSi da erTgvarad
provokaciuli, ramac mkiTxvelTa garkveuli jgufebis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia, statia konkretul individs ar exeboda da amdenad, ar ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis normebs. komisiam CaTvala, rom publikaciebis toni da stili redaqciebis gemovnebis sakiTxia da komisiis gansjis sagans ar warmoadgens.
7 agvisto, 1998

doqtori rei uolleri `deili staris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT mimarTa doqtorma uollerma, romelmac
gaaprotesta 1998 wlis martSi gazeT deili starSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT bayayebs kargi panRuri esaWiroebaT. mosarClis SefasebiT, statia iyo diskriminaciuli xasiaTis da ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-13 muxls.
publikacia fexburTSi 1998 wlis msoflio Cempionatis Tasze dasaswrebi bileTebis kvotis gadanawilebis sakiTxs Seexeboda. statiis avtorebi akritikebdnen safrangeTs, romelmac bileTebis lomis wili TavisTvis moiTxova. mosarClis gancxadebiT, statiis komentarebi iyo
rasistuli, radgan isini Seicavda iseT Sefasebebs, rogoricaa: aseTi
moTxovnebi damaxasiaTebelia mdabio kontinentaluri azrovnebisaTvis... iseTive uzneo, rogori uzneobac aginkortsa da vaterlooSi gamoavlines... kargi panRuri galTa bayayur SeZaxilebs aris erTaderTi ena, romelic maT esmiT. mosarCleTa mtkicebiT, aseTi komentarebi
iyo Seuracxmyofeli da Zaladobis gaRvivebas uwyobda xels.
redaqciis gancxadebiT ki, statia miznad ar isaxavda Zaladobis gaRvi-

111

vebasa da Seuracxyofas da ar SeiZleboda teqstis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT

wakiTxva. statia dawerili iyo saxumaro, gulRia stilSi, rac saerTod
gazeTis Cveuli stilia. redaqcia acxadebda, rom maTi mizani SuRlisa da
Zaladobis gaRviveba ki ar iyo, aramed safexburTo bileTebis ganawilebis
franguli praqtikis aRkveTa. redaqcia aseve aRniSnavda, rom samomavlod
gaiTvaliswinebda maT mosazrebasac, vinc es statia Seuracxmyofelad miiCnia.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom amdagvar publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT komisiam araerTi sarCeli miiRo fexburTis gulSematkivrebisgan
jer kidev 1996 wlis msoflio Cempionatis dros.
komisiam ganacxada, rom 96-Si man ganixila sami gazeTis mier gamoqveynebuli statia, Tumca ar gamouyenebia praqtikis kodeqsi, rogorc gazeTebis cenzuris instrumenti. komisiam aRniSna, rom saerTaSoriso turnirebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urapatriotuli da nacionaluri aRtkineba da gazeTebi ubralod asaxaven saerTo ganwyobilebebs. amave dros,
komisiam miuTiTa redaqcias, rom aRniSnuli statia Sors idga keTilganwyobisa da samarTliani reportaJis principebisagan da rig niuansebSi
gemovnebac Ralatobda. rac Seexeba redaqtorebs, komisiam kmayofilebiT
aRniSna maTi mzadyofna, eRiarebinaT statiis naklovanebebi da bodiSi
moexadaT maTTvis, vinc Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZnes. komisiam isargebla SemTxveviT da Seaxsena redaqtorebs, aseTi reportaJebis dros
gaeTvaliswinebinaT mkiTxvelTa SesaZlo reaqcia.
komisiam mkafiod ganmarta sakuTari gadawyvetileba da ganacxada, rom
publikaciebi, romlebic sportul movlenebs ukavSirdeba, xasiaTdeba
maRali emociurobiT, radgan Tavad movlena Seicavs maRal emociur
muxts. gazeTebi asaxaven am ganwyobilebas im SemTxvevebSic, rodesac
reportaJis forma mavanT gamomwvevad miaCniaT. kodeqsi miznad ar isaxvs
SezRudos mkveTri gancxadebebi presaSi. kodeqsi icavs pirovnebas mikerZoebisagan da ara naciebs mkveTri Sefasebebisagan. komisiis SefasebiT, aRniSnuli publikacia, SesaZloa, CiqorTuli eniT, magram mkafiod
gamoTqvamda mosazrebas da ar ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis normebs.

siu ainqou `meil on sandeis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT qalbatonma siu ainqoum mimarTa da 1997
wlis agvistoSi gazeT meil on sandeiSi gamoqveynebuli statia `studentur gayalbebasTan brZolis dRe~ gaaprotesta. mosarClis SefasebiT, publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis 1 (sizuste) da me-15 (diskriminacia) muxlebs.
statiaSi `studenturi statusis falsificirebis~ gaxmaurebul

112

diskriminacia
Temasa da studentur grantebze yalbi ganacxadebis arsebobaze iyo saubari. statias Tan erTvoda fotoebi. fotoilustraciebze asaxul ramodenime pirovnebas aRniSnul danaSaulSi edebodaT brali.
mosarCle acxadebda, rom statias SecdomaSi Sehyavda mkiTxveli, radgan yvela pirovneba, romelic gazeTma daasaxela, nigerieli iyo, xolo erTerTi nigerieli fotozec iyo gamosaxuli. fotos Tan erTvoda warwera
maikl oluzuCim grantis saxiT miiRo 89,000 girvanqa sterlingi. meore
fotoze gamosaxuli iyo ori TeTrkaniani, warweriT saCvenebeli studentebi _ maT male TviTmarqvia studentebi gandevnian.
mosarClis azriT, statia mianiSnebda, rom am danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis organizatorebi nigerieli Savkaniani da emigranti studentebi
iyvnen. misive SefasebiT, statiaSi moTxrobil ambavSi studentTa erovnebis moxsenieba araviTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgenda, da rom es praqtikis kodeqsis normebs ewinaaRmdegeboda.
amasTanave mosarClis azriT, gazeTi statiaSi mxolod erT wyaros ar
unda dayrdnoboda.
redaqciam pasuxad ganacxada, rom studenturi grantebiT TaRliTobis konkretuli magaliTebi gazeTs universitetis Sesabamisma ganyofilebam da kolejis misaRebma samsaxurma gadaugzavnes.
redaqciam komisiis yuradReba miapyro im garemoebas, rom faqtebis utyuarobaze aravin daobda. rac Seexeba braldebas, redaqcias miaCnda, rom
statia mTlianobaSi ar tovebda STabeWdilebas, TiTqos yvela gayalbeba
nigerieli an sxva Savkaniani studentebis mier iyo organizebuli. amave
dros redaqciam aRniSna, rom sakiTxis Seswavlisas maT ganucxades, rom
gayalbebaTa didi wili, swored nigeriel studentebze modioda. redaqcias
miaCnda, rom sazogadoebas unda hqonoda informacia aRniSnul sakiTxze,
radganac es mis interesebSi Sedioda. redaqciis SefasebiT, publikacia ar
Seicavda romelime rasis warmomadgenlebisTvis Seuracxmyofel an
damamcirebel pasaJebs. redaqciam aseve aRniSna, rom sruliad SemTxveviTi
iyo is garemoeba, rom fotoze, romelic tipiur studentur cxovrebas
asaxavda, mxolod TeTrkanianebi iyvnen gamosaxuli.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, statiaSi ar yofila pirovnebis rasobrivi kuTvnilebis Seuracxmyofeli da damakninebeli gamonaTqvamebi
da amdenad, ar SeiZleba kodeqsis me-15 muxlis darRvevaze saubari.
komisiam aseve aRniSna isic, rom mosarCle mxare ar aprotestebda Tavad faqts. gazeTma zustad aRwera problema, romelic sazogadoebrivi
interesis sagans warmoadgenda. amave dros, komisiam kidev erTxel gaamaxvila yuradReba, rom msgavsi sakiTxebis gaSuqebis dros saWiro iyo
gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebis gamovlena. es, pirvel rigSi, Seexeboda
fotomasalis SerCevas, Tumca am konkretul SemTxvevaSi komisias kodeqsis normebTan Seusabamoba ar aRmouCenia.

113

3. Seviwroeba

judi tonneri `msoflios axali ambebis~

(Sotlandiuri damateba) winaaRmdeg
saCivari: qalbaton judi tonneris advokatma sarCeliT mimarTa
komisias da ganacxada, rom msoflios axali ambebis Sotlandiur damatebaSi gamoqveynebuli publikacia, saTauriT `bi-bi-si-s momxibvlel
wamyvans TviTnakeTi bavSvi eyoleba~ aris Seuracxmyofeli da ewinaRmdegeba praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba)4; me5 (sxvis mwuxarebasa da sulier gancdebSi SeWra)5; me-13 (diskriminacia) da me-4 (Seviwroeba)6 muxlebis moTxovnebs.
publikaciaSi saubari iyo bi-bi-si-s radio reportioris judi tonneris e.w. DIY fexmZimobis anu xelovnur Casaxvasa da mis partnior qalbatonze. qalbatoni tonneri acxadebda, rom publikacia iyo damamcirebeli, radgan aRwerda misi fexmZimobis intimur mxareebs da Seuracxmyofeli misi seqsualuri orientaciis gamo.
qalbatoni tonneris mdgomareoba daamZima im garemoebamac, rom mas
wina wels abortis gakeTeba mouwia, ramac mas Zlieri sulieri travma
miayena da ris Sesaxebac informirebuli iyo gazeTis redaqcia. misive
gancxadebiT, redaqciam mis mimarT Zaladobrivi qmedeba ganaxorciela:
rodesac gazeTis korespondenti 18 ivliss miuaxlovda tonneris sacxovrebel binas, mas kategoriuli SeniSvna misces. momdevno dRes qalbaton tonners korespondenti telefoniT daukavSirda da bi-bi-si-s
warmomadgenelTan Sexvedra SesTavaza, erTi dRis Semdeg ki isev dabrunda da intervius SeTanxmeba scada.
gazeTis argumentacia efuZneboda im garemoebas, rom qalbaton tonneris fexmZimobis faqti isedac sayovelTaod iyo cnobili da mas es garegnuladac etyoboda. amdenad, ar SeiZleboda am faqtis pirad saidumlod ganxilva. gazeTisave mtkicebiT, Casaxvis meTodi, romelsac qalbatonma tonnerma mimarTa, aseve sayovelTaod cnobilia da mis mimarT sazogadoebrivi interesic arsebobs. publikaciis avtorebi miiCnevdnen,
rom statia ar iyo seqsualur Temaze dawerili da ar Seicavda momCivanis
seqsualuri orientaciis damamcirebel pasaJebs. isini aseve aRniSnavdnen,

114

Seviwroeba

rom gacilebiT adre qalbatoni tonneri, sxva momaval dedebTan erTad,

siamovnebiT pozirebda saerTo-erovnuli presis obieqtivebis winaSe.
redaqciis warmomadgenlis mtkicebiT, judi tonners 18 ivliss ar mouTxovia korespondentisagan urTierTobis Sewyveta, Tumca 19 ivliss
acnoba redaqcias, rom mas ar surda am Temis ganxilva. mas ubralod 20
ivliss misces meore Sansi, moeTxro Tavisi ambavi.
momCivani miiCnevda, rom statia Seicavda detalebs, romlebic mis
pirad saidumloebas warmoadgenda (abortis faqti), xolo Casaxvis meTodi gadmocemuli iyo imgvarad, rom es ar SeiZleboda gamxdariyo sazogadoebrivi interesis sagani.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam mxari dauWira sarCels kodeqsis me-4 da nawilobriv me-3 muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom TavisTavad homoseqsualur ojaxebSi bavSvebis aRzrdis sakiTxi sazogadoebrivi interesis sagania da am
Temaze politikuri debatebic ki mimdinareobs. amave dros, rogorc yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, adamianis piradi cxovreba da piradi cxovrebis saidumloeba daculi unda iyos da Jurnalisti unda icavdes aucilebel
balanss aseTi Temebis gaSuqebis dros. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania,
rodesac saqme adamianis janmrTelobis sakiTxs exeba. mocemul konteqstSi, komisias miaCnia, rom SesaZlebelia am sakiTxebze wera, oRond es
teqstebi ar unda Seicavdes iseT piradul detalebs, romelTa aRwerac
araviTar aucileblobas ar warmoadgens. aRniSnul publikaciaSi Casaxvis
meTodis detaluri aRwera komisiam zedmetad miiCnia da gansakuTrebiT
uaryofiTad Seafasa abortis faqtis gamJRavneba, radganac es sakiTxi
uSualod mosarClis janmrTelobas ukavSirdeboda. komisiis daskvniT,
am informaciis gamoqveyneba praqtikis kodeqsis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
komisiis SefasebiT, Jurnalistma kodeqsis me-4 muxlic daarRvia, romlis Tanaxmadac, respondentis pirvelive moTxovnisTanave Jurnalistma
unda Sewyvitos kiTxvebis dasma an satelefono zarebi.
amasTanave komisiam ar gaiziara momCivanis pretenziebi kodeqsis me5 da me-13 muxlebTan dakavSirebiT da aRniSna, rom qalbaton tonneris
seqsualuri orientacia Seesabameboda publikaciaSi moTxrobil ambavs.
21 ivlisi, 2002

115

4. mosasmeni saSualebebi

izabel stouni `msoflios axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT mimarTa qalbaton izabel stounis advokatma luis silkinma da gaasaCivra msoflios axal ambebSi gamoqveynebuli
statia, saTauriT `dedofali mitovebul qals binidan asaxlebs~. mosarClis mtkicebiT, statia arRvevda kodeqsis pirvel muxls (sizuste);
me-3 muxls (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba), radgan qalbaton
stounsa da mis vaJs exeboda. aseve me-6 muxls (bavSvebi)7, rasac Semdgom
me-8 muxlic (mosasmeni saSualebebi)8 daemata, imis gamo, rom Jurnalistma, stounis Tanxmobis gareSe Caiwera misi saubari.
statiaSi moTxrobili iyo, rom mas Semdeg, rac uindzorebis sasaxlis
mebaRem, batonma stounma, qalbatoni stouni miatova, dedofalma izabel
stouni da misi vaJi maTi sacxovreblidan gaasaxla.
mosarClis gancxadebiT, qalbaton stouns am masalis gamoqveynebaze
Tanxmoba ar miucia da Sesabamisad, is statias piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis xelyofad ganixilavda. marTalia, qalbatoni stouni nebayoflobiT esaubra Jurnalists, magram mas ar miucia ufleba, masTan SeTanxmebis gareSe gamoeqveynebinaT masala. mosarCle aseve aprotestebda statiaSi misi 14 wlis vaJis moxseniebis faqtsac.
mosarClis mtkicebiT, statia Seicavda faqtobriv uzustobebsac. kerZod: qalbatoni stouni acxadebda, rom intervius dros mas ar uqviTinia,
ar aRSfoTebula da ar uxmaria sityvebi `karSi gagdeba~. is aseve uaryofda im faqtsac, TiTqos interviuSi misi qmari `dedoflis oqros
biWunad~ moixsenia an Tundac gancxadebas, rom baRSi transparantiT
xelSi dadgomas apirebda. qalbatoni stouni amtkicebda, rom statiaSi
uadgilod iyo moxseniebuli werili, romelic batoni stounis dedam
Tavis sayvarels miswera. werilidan moyvanili frazebi ar Seesabameboda
originalis teqsts da statiaSi moxvda is nawili, romelic man Jurnalists telefoniT waukiTxa. mosarClisve mtkicebiT, mas arasdros uTqvams, TiTqos samefo ojaxis wevrebi misi meuRlisaTvis Sav samuSaos asrulebdnen an is, rom abazanaSi yofnisas batoni stouni mas sinaTles
uTiSavda. qalbatoni stouni amtkicebda, rom marTalia man Tqva, rom mis

116

mosasmeni saSualebebi
meuRles sasiyvarulo Tavgadasavali hqonda erT gavlenian qalbatonTan,
magram ar ugulisxmia ledi Caterli, rogorc es statiaSi iyo moTxrobili. im Canaweridan, romelic gazeTma komisias mtkicebulebad warudgina, cxadi iyo, rom qalbatoni stouni ar iyo informirebuli imis Sesaxeb, rom mis saubars iwerdnen. mosarCle mxaris SefasebiT, es iyo faruli
saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli Cawera.
gazeTma, sapasuxod warmoadgina im saubris Canaweri, romelic qalbaton stounsa da Jurnalists Soris statiis gamoqveynebidan ori dRis
Semdeg Sedga. am Canaweris Tanaxmad, qalbatoni stouni publikaciiT kmayofili iyo da statias dadebiTad afasebda. misi TqmiT, adamianebi, romlebmac waikiTxes statia, pozitiurad ganewyvnen mis mimarT. subari
keTilganwyobili iyo da arc qalbatoni stouni Canda aRSfoTebuli. mosarCle mxarem ar uaryo es faqti, Tumca dasZina, rom gacilebiT adrindeli satelefono saubrisas, qalbatonma stounma statiiT ukmayofileba
gamoxata. redaqciam aseve warmoadgina statiis avtoris werilobiTi Canawerebi, romlebic qalbaton stounis citatebs Seicavda.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli ar dakmayofilda.
motivacia: komisiam gaiTvaliswina, rom arsebiTi faqtebis uaryofa
ar momxdara da rom respodenti nebayoflobiT esaubra Jurnalists, Tanac im ganzraxviT, rom garkveul etapze statia gamoqveyndeboda. am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, es SemTxveva ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos piradi
cxovrebis xelyofad, miT ufro, rom qalbaton stounis vaJi arc saxeliT
yofila moxseniebuli statiaSi, arc misi fotosuraTi yofila gamoqveynebuli. rac Seexeba mcired diskusias faqtobriv sizustesTan dakavSirebiT, komisia darwmunebulia, rom masalaSi faqtobrivi Secdomebi daSvebuli ar yofila. komisiam arc satelefono saubris Cawera miiCnia `faruli mosasmeni saSualebebis~ gamoyenebad, rogorc es me-8 muxlSia aRniSnuli.
10 oqtomberi, 1999

117

5. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

ser pol makkartni Jurnal `hellous~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa ser pol makkartnim, romelmac
gaaprotesta 1998 wlis maisSi, Jurnal hellouSi misi da misi ojaxis
wevrTa fotoebis gamoqveynebis faqti. fotoebi musikoss maSin gadauRes,
rodesac is parizSi Tavis SvilebTan erTad isvenebda. fotoebze asaxuli
iyo ojaxi senis napirze seirnobisas da maT mier notr damis taZris
monaxuleba. publikacia iuwyeboda, rom taZarSi makkartnebma sanTeli
daunTes lindas da iloces. fotoebi gamoqveynda saTauriT `meuRle
lindas gardacvalebidan erTi Tvis Tavze ser pol makkartni Svebas
SvilebTan eZebs~.
ser pol makkartnis SefasebiT, es publikacia iyo mis pirad cxovrebaSi
Careva da misTvis sulieri travmis miyeneba. mosarClis gancxadebiT,
publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) da me-5 (sxvis mwuxarebasa da sulier gancdebSi SeWra) muxlebs.
musikosma ganacxada, rom arc man da arc misi ojaxis wevrebma araferi
icodnen mimdinare gadaRebebze da rom `ojaxisaTvis urTules periodSi fotoebze unebarTvod aisaxa maTTvis uaRresad piradi momentebi~. mosarClis azriT, ar arsebobda raime argumenti, romelic am fotoebis gamoqveynebas gaamarTlebda.
Jurnalis redaqtorma komisias ganucxada, rom mas faruli gadaRebisaTvis korespondenti parizSi ar miuvlenia da rom aRniSnuli masala
redaqciam fotosaagentosgan miiRo. redaqtoris azriT, fotoebis gadaReba farulad ar xdeboda, radganac erT-erT fotoze naTlad Canda, rogor miemarTebodnen pol makkartni da misi vaJi kameris mimarTulebiT.
Tumca redaqtori Tavidanve daeTanxma mosazrebas, rom taZarSi gadaRebuli fotoebi ar unda gamoqveynebuliyo. redaqtorma Tavi imiT imarTla, rom aRniSnuli fotoebi publikacias Jurnalis madridis ofisma
daurTo, ris Sesaxebac is informirebuli ar iyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT
Jurnalis redaqtorma werili miswera ser pol makkartnis, romelSic
bodiSi mouxada miyenebuli tkivilisaTvis da aRniSna, rom fotoebi me-

118

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

tad STambeWdavi iyo da ojaxis wevrTa urTierToba mkiTxvelSi gulwrfel TanagrZnobas iwvevda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam gaiziara mosarClis pretenzia praqtikis
kodeqsis me-3 da me-5 muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.
motivacia: komisiam ganixila da aradamakmayofileblad scno Jurnalis redaqtoris pirveli argumenti imis Taobaze, rom fotoebi fotosaagentodan moipoves, radgan redaqtori nebismier SemTxvevaSi agebs pasuxs gamoqveynebuli masalis Sinaarsze. komisiam aseve dausabuTeblad
miiCnia redaqtoris mtkiceba, rom taZarSi gadaRebuli fotoebi JurnalSi masTan SeuTanxmeblad daibeWda. komisiam xazi gausva im garemoebas,
rom ar SeiZleboda aRniSnuli masalis gamoqveynebas safuZvlad sazogadoebrivi interesi dadeboda. komisiam gaiziara ser pol makkartnis Sefasebebi da aRniSna, rom salocavebi swored is adgilia, sadac nebismier
adamians unda hqondes saSualeba, martom ilocos da Jurnalistebma pativi unda scen pirovnebis am uflebas, rogorc amas praqtikis kodeqsis
norma moiTxovs.
30 maisi, 1998

ser elton joni `sportis~, `deili staris~,

`eskvaeris~ da `sqais~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa ser elton jonis advokatma batonma everSeldsma. saCivari samxreT safrangeTSi, ser elton jonis kuTvnil saxlSi gadaRebuli fotoebis gazeT deili starSi gamoqveynebas
Seexeboda. fotoebze gamosaxuli iyvnen ser elton jonis stumrebi dasvenebisa da garTobis momentSi, 1998 wlis 4 ivniss.
advokatis mtkicebiT, aseTi publikacia arRvevda praqtikis kodeqsis
me-3 muxls, romelic piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas icavs.
advokati miiCnevda, rom fotografebs ar hqondaT suraTebis gadaRebis nebarTva da maTze asaxul pirTa Tanxmoba, rac kerZo cxovrebaSi
uxeSi Carevis nimuSi iyo. misive mtkicebiT, gadaReba warmoebda farulad,
savaraudod, ser elton jonis kuTvnili saxlis galavnis mopirdapire
mxareze ganlagebuli saTadarigo kibidan.
gazeTis xelmZRvanelebma ganmartes, rom saagentom, romelmac maT es
suraTebi miawoda, ganacxada, rom fotoebi gadaRebuli iyo sazogadoebrivi sargeblobis trotuaridan, romelic ser elton jonis kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebul teritorias esazRvreboda. gamoqveynebamde redaqcia daukavSirda fotoze asaxul erT-erT pirs da gamoqveynebaze misi Tanxmoba
miiRo.

119

redaqciam wuxili gamoTqva imis gamo, rom fotosuraTis gamoqveynebiT ser elton jonma Tavi damcirebulad da Seuracxyofilad igrZno.
erTi Tvis intervalis Semdeg saagentos mier gavrcelebuli suraTiT
isargebla gazeTma sportmac, romelmac komisiaSi saqmis ganxilvisas swored deili staris mier mopovebul Tanxmobebze miuTiTa. sportis redaqciam moubodiSa momRerals da gamoTqva mzadyofna, gazeTis pirvel gverdze, saTanado formatSi, gamoeqveynebina teqsti, romelsac momCivani
mxare saWirod CaTvlida.
erTi wlis Semdeg ki aRniSnuli foto jer Jurnal sqaiSi, Semdeg ki
eskvaerSi daibeWda. elton jonis advokatma komisias danarCen sam SemTxvevaSic mimarTa.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCeli oTxive SemTxvevaSi daakmayofila.
motivacia: praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 muxli icavs pirovnebis piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas. am SemTxvevaSi fotoebis gadaReba da maTi
gamoqveyneba masze asaxuli pirebis cxovrebaSi SeWris da piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis xelyofis tolfasi iyo. miT ufro, rom arc suraTze asaxuli pirebis Tanxmoba arsebobda da arc sazogadoebrivi interesi
maT mimarT.
komisiam arc deili staris gancxadeba gaiziara, romlis Tanaxmadac,
maT miRebuli hqondaT fotoze aRbeWdili erT-erTi pirovnebis nebarTva
publikaciaze, radganac momCivani ser elton joni iyo, romlis kerZo
teritoriaze faruli gadaRebis ufleba fotografebs ar hqondaT.
komisiam aseve ar gaiTvaliswina Jurnal eskvaeris argumentebi imis
Taobaze, rom redaqcias yuradRebidan gamorCa fotosaagentos mier gavrcelebuli sagangebo cirkulari, romelSic saagento am fotoebis gamoyenebas zRudavda.
amasTanave komisiam siamovnebiT aRniSna, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi presis
warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen daSvebul Secdomas da dazarelebuls misi
poziciis gamoxatvis uflebas upirobod aZlevdnen.
1998-1999

renate joni `sandei miroris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: everSedsebis advokatebis meSveobiT renate jonim sandei
miroris winaaRmdeg sabWoSi saCivari Seitana, romlis safuZveli gaxda
2000 wlis 4 ivnisis sandei mirorSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT
`sevdiani cxovreba qalisa, romelsac uyvarda da romelmac dakarga
eltoni~. momCivani gazeTs praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba), me-4 (Seviwroeba) da me-11 (SecdomaSi Seyvana)9 muxlebis darRvevaSi adanaSaulebda.

120

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

Jurnalisti Tavis statiaSi erTmaneTs adarebda renate jonis axlandelsa da warsul cxovrebas, roca igi Tavis yofil qmarTan, pop varskvlav elton jonTan erTad cxovrobda. statias darTuli hqonda sami
fotosuraTi, romlebzec gamosaxuli iyo renate joni avtoparkSi, benzingasamarT sadgurze (savaraudod, teleobieqtiviT gadaRebuli) da misi saxlis foto.
momCivanis gancxadebiT, mas aqvs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis
ufleba nebismier adgilze, iqneba es avtoparki Tu benzingasamarTi sadguri. rac Seexeba SecdomaSi Seyvanis mcdelobas, q-n jonis gancxadebiT,
gazeTis Jurnalistebma ise darekes mis saxlSi da Seecadnen informaciis
Segrovebas mis Sesaxeb, rom sakuTari vinaoba ar gaumJRavnebiaT.
mosarClis advokatebis gancxadebiT, aseTi damokidebuleba Jurnalistebis mxridan da redaqciis agresiuli pasuxi q-n jonis satelefono
Txovnaze, ar gamoeqveynebinaT masze statia, kodeqsis me-4 muxlis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
momCivanma ukmayofileba gamoTqva statiaSi misi misamarTis miTiTebis
gamo, rasac Sedegad mohyva arasasurveli korespodenciebis miReba. q-n
jonis azriT, publikacia Seuracxmyofeli iyo, garda amisa, mas Semdeg,
rac 14 wlis win elton jons daSorda, cdilobda, sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis miRma darCeniliyo, ris gamoc man uari ganacxada sainformacio
saSualebebis, maT Soris Tavad sandei miroris finansur SeTavazebaze,
intervius sanacvlod.
im braldebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic SecdomaSi Seyvanas ukavSirdeba, redaqciam ganacxada, rom statiaze muSaobis procesSi reportiors
arasodes daumalavs Tavisi vinaoba da ar miumarTavs araviTari Jurnalisturi xrikisaTvis. redaqciam arc me-4 muxlTan dakavSirebuli Seviwroebis braldeba gaiziara, radganac Jurnalistma qalbaton jonTan kontaqti maSinve Sewyvita, rogorc ki mas amis Sesaxeb miuTiTes. gazeTma
uaryo is faqtic, TiTqosda redaqciis TanamSromlebma agresiuli toniT
mimarTes q-n jons, rodesac am ukanasknelma redaqciaSi dareka an TiTqosda misma TanamSromlebma Seaviwroves mosarClis mezoblebi.
rac Seexeba fotosuraTebs, redaqciis azriT, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilSi amgvari suraTebis gadaReba JurnalistisTvis akrZaluli
ar aris. amasTanave, cxadi ar iyo, gadaRebuli iyo Tu ara fotoebi teleobieqtiviT.
momCivanis misamarTTan dakavSirebiT gazeTi amtkicebda, rom es informacia man gacilebiT adre gamoaqveyna, rodesac mosarCle aRniSnul
saxlSi gadavida da rodesac 1989 wels saxlSi xanZari gaCnda. garda amisa,
es informacia moxseniebuli iyo elton jonis biografiaSic, romelic
2000 welSi gamoqveynda. aqedan gamomdinare gazeTi amtkicebda, rom
statia ar Seicavda siaxles renate jonis piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb.

121

saerTo jamSi, gazeTis azriT, pirovneba, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod cnobil adamianTan imyofeboda qorwinebaSi, unda moelodes
sajaroobas da interess misi piradi cxovrebis mimarT.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam daakmayofila braldeba me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebiT da ar gaiziara braldebebi me-4 da me-11 muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.
motivacia: komisiam gamoxata Tavisi keTilganwyoba momCivanis poziciis mimarT, rac imaSi gamoixata, rom aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi qalbatoni
joni uars ambobda sajaroobaze da mas amis Sesaxeb winaswar hyavda gafrTxilebuli gazeTi.
samxilebis ararsebobis gamo, komisiam ar daakmayofila braldebebi
SecdomaSi Seyvanisa da Seviwrovebis Sesaxeb.
suraTebis gadaRebasa da gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebul braldebebze
ki komisiam or momentze gaamaxvila yuradReba. pirveli: suraTis gadaRebis momentSi imyofeboda Tu ara mosarCle iseT adgilas, sadac mas
eqneboda piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis gonivruli molodini da
meorec, gamoxatavda Tu ara es suraTebi upativcemulobas mosarClis
piradi cxovrebis mimarT.
komisiis azriT, sazogadoebrivi avtoparki da benzingasamarTi sadguri is adgilebia, sadac aravis unda hqondes piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis molodini. marTalia, mosarClem ar icoda, rom mas suraTs
uRebdnen, magram is imyofeboda iseT adgilas, sadac misi qmedeba ucxo
Tvalisgan dafaruli ar SeiZleba yofiliyo. amdenad, komisiam ararelevanturad CaTvala fotosuraTebis teleobieqtiviT gadaRebis sakiTxis
ganxilva. imis gamo, rom suraTebi ar asaxavda mosarClis piradi cxovrebis raime moments, Sesabamisad, komisiam fotoilustraciebi me-3 muxlis
darRvevad ar miiCnia. rac Seexeba sakiTxs, arRvevda Tu ara piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas Tavad statiis Sinaarsi, komisiis azriT, publikaciis Seuracxmyofeli toni saredaqcio msjelobis sakiTxi ufro iyo.
komisiam aRiara, rom presas SeuZlia im adamianebis Sesaxeb wera, romlebic sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi arian da rom mis kompetenciaSi
ar Sedis am uflebis SezRudva, Tu, ra Tqma unda, igi ar daarRvevs kodeqsis normebs. mocemul SemTxvevaSi, komisiis azriT, statiaSi ar yofila asaxuli mosarClis piradi cxovrebis iseTi detalebi, rogoricaa magaliTad, misi janmrTeloba, amJamindeli urTierTobebi, piradi saubrebi an intimuri urTierTobis amsaxveli fotoebi. amdenad, komisiam sarCelis es braldeba ar gaiziara, Tumca daakmayofila is moTxovna, romelic misamarTis gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT q-n jonis pretenzias Seexeboda. komisiam ar gaiziara gazeTis argumenti, rom mosarClis misamarTi sazogadoebisaTvis ukve cnobili iyo da amitom misi xelaxali gamoqveynebiT mas problemebi ar Seeqmneboda.

122

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

komisiam calsaxad ganacxada, rom presas ara aqvs ufleba, gamoaqveynos iseTi masala, romelic saSualebas miscems sazogadoebas, daadginos
misi respondentis zusti adgilsamyofeli. komisiam sandi mirori kodeqsis me-3 muxlis darRvevaSi daadanaSaula, rac misamarTis gamoqveynebaSi gamoixata.
4 ivnisi, 2000

hiu granti `sandei miroris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa hiu grantis advokatma batonma
mezes Siling end lom. saCivris mizezi 1996 wlis 23 ivniss sandei mirorSi
grantis Sesaxeb janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli konfidencialuri xasiaTis informaciis gamoqveyneba iyo, rac praqtikis kodeqsiT aRiarebuli piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
momCivanma aseve wamoWra sxva sakiTxebic, romlebic konfidencialurobasa da informaciis wyaroebs ukavSirdeboda da romelTa ganxilvac
komisiis kompetenciaSi ar Sedioda.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli dakmayofilda.
motivacia: gazeTma bodiSi unda mouxados momCivans da am gziT gadaWras problema. momCivanma ar miiRo redaqciis SeTavazeba da gazeTi
SemdgomSi Tavis publikaciebSi aRar Sexebia aRniSnul Temas. komisiam
wuxili gamoTqva im Seyovnebis gamo, romelmac am saCivris ganxilvisas
iCina Tavi. nawilobriv es ukavSirdeboda gazeTis mier wamoWril sakiTxebs, Tu ramdenad iyo komisia uflebamosili, ganexila saCivari, radganac
bevri sakiTxi kanoniT daregulirebas moiTxovda.
23 ivnisi, 1996

Son koneri `sandei meilis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa qalbatonma nansi zelcerma, romelic warmoadgenda baton Son koneris interesebs. saCivris mizezi 1999
wlis aprilSi sandei meilSi gamoqveynebuli fotopublikacia gaxda. mosarCleTa SefasebiT, fotos gamoqveyneba ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis
kodeqsis me-3 muxls (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba). fotos Tan erTvoda statia, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom Son okonerma edinburgSi Ca-

123

itana Tavisi axali filmi, romlis Sinaarsic exmianeboda Sotlandiis

parlamentis arCevnebs.
mosarCleTa gancxadebiT, batonma Son konerim Tavazianad sTxova fotoreportiors, ar gadaeRo misTvis suraTi da gascloda mas, rodesac
es ukanaskneli baton koners sastumro holsSi miuaxlovda. mxaris mtkicebiT, fotokorespondentma es Txovna antagonisturad miiRo da Seecada
batoni koneris ganrisxeba gamoewvia. igi mas gzaze gadaeRoba, rodesac
msaxiobi sastumrodan gasvlas cdilobda.
redaqtoris gancxadebiT, foto sastumros mimdebare teritoriidan
iyo gadaRebuli. gadaRebis adgilis statusi mkafiod gansazRvruli ar
iyo da fotokorespondentma is sazogadoebriv adgilad CaTvala. mas fotokamera SenobaSi ar Seutania da respondentis mimarT iZuleba ar ganuxorcielebia. redaqtorma komisiis wevrTa yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom fotokorespondentma dainaxa, Tu rogor esaubreboda Son
koneri Sotlandiuri presis warmomadgenels sastumros barSi da Tavadac
gadawyvita masalis momzadeba.
mosarCle mxare amtkicebda, rom gadaReba sastumros kuTvnil teritoriaze moxda. ufro metic, korespondents da fotoreportiors sTxoves, daetovebinaT kerZo teritoria. rac Seexeba Sotlandiel Jurnalists, batoni koneris gancxadebiT, es iyo megobruli saubari da ara
interviu.
pasuxad redaqtorma ganacxada, rom korespondents dacvam sastumros
datoveba mas mere mosTxova, rac fotoebi ukve gadaRebuli iyo da es
ukanaskneli, sastumros dacvis moTxovnas usityvod daemorCila. Tumca,
mosarCle mxare movlenaTa ganviTarebis Tavis versias amtkicebda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom Son koneri Sotlandiis nacionaluri partiis TvalsaCino mxardamWeri saparlamento arCevnebis periodSi imyofeboda edinburgSi da Tavisi axali filmisadmi sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis mipyrobas cdilobda. igi imyofeboda sastumros misaRebSi, romelic marTalia, sastumros kuTvnili teritoriaa, Tumca quCidan kargad Cans da iq baton koners privatulobis molodini ar unda
hqonoda. mas kargad xedavda sazogadoeba da veravin SeuSlida xels sxva
fotokorespondentebs, misTvis suraTebis gadaRebas, Tundac quCaSi
gamosvlisas.
komisiam CaTvala, rom ar arsebobda imis damamtkicebeli argumenti,
romelic korespondentis mxridan respondentis Seviwrovebas daadasturebda.
25 aprili, 1999

124

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

princi uiliami Jurnal `O.K!~-is winaaRmdeg

saCivari: misi samefo udidebulesobis princ uiliamis saxeliT komisias sarCeliT sent jeims palasis advokatma, batonma stiven lamportma, mimarTa. mosarClis SefasebiT, Jurnal O.K!-Si 2000 wlis oqtomberSi
gamoqveynebuli fotoebi arRvevda praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 muxls
(piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba).
mosarClis gancxadebiT, fotoebi gadaRebuli iyo CileSi princ uiliamis mogzaurobis dros. princi CileSi skolis damTavrebis Semdeg da
universitetSi Sesvlamde imyofeboda. fotoebze asaxuli iyo princi uiliami kldeze cocvisa da mdinareSi curvis dros. mosarCleTa SefasebiT, fotoebi gadaRebuli iyo farulad, TvalTvalis Sedegad, rac ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis me-4 muxlsac (Seviwroeba) da rom am gziT gadaRebuli fotoebis gamoqveyneba sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara paparaculi
saqmianobis xelSewyoba.
redaqtorma ganacxada, rom ramdenadac misTvis iyo cnobili, fotoebi
korespondentebs ar moupovebiaT mizanmimarTuli, faruli TvalTvalis
Sedegad da isini sazogadoebriv adgilebSi iyo gadaRebuli. misive gancxadebiT, princ uiliamis mimarT sazogadoebrivi interesi arsebobda.
Jurnali Seecada eCvenebina, Tu rogor emzadeboda princi didi britaneTis monarqobisaTvis. amasTanave redaqtorma moubodiSa uelsis princsa da princ uiliams im usiamovno gancdebis gamo, romelic maTTvis
Jurnalis am publikacias SeeZlo mieyenebina.
mosarCle mxare acxadebda, rom praqtikis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, redaqtori valdebulia, Seamowmos yvela masalis warmomavloba da rom princi
uiliami imyofeboda iseT adgilas, sadac mas sajaroobisgan daculobis
gonivruli molodini hqonda. samefo ojaxma ganacxada, rom princ uiliamis es viziti igegmeboda, rogorc kerZo da maT sagangebod izrunes imaze, rom gaefrTxilebinaT presa, ar gamoeqveynebina paparacebis mier miwodebuli fotoebi.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam cnobad miiRo redaqtoris sinanuli imis gamo, rom
usiamovneba miayena princ uiliams da aRniSna, rom es sakiTxisadmi swori
midgoma iyo. amave dros komisiam gaiziara mosarCleTa pozicia imis Taobaze,
rom princi uiliami imyofeboda iseT adgilas, sadac mas sajaroobisgan
daculobis gonivruli molodini unda hqonoda da rom am fotoebis
gamoqveyneba kodeqsis me-3 muxlis moTxovnas ewinaaRmdegeboda.
komisiam aseve aRniSna, rom arc erTma sxva gamocemam ar dabeWda aRniSnuli fotoebi, xolo Jurnalma O.K!-im, samwuxarod, xeli Seuwyo paparacebis saqmianobas saerTaSoriso bazarze. amiT princ uiliams Jurnalma
Seuqmna diskomforti sazRvargareT mogzaurobis dros.

125

komisiam aseve gaamaxvila yuradReba kodeqsis me-4 muxlis normaze,

romelic krZalavs iseTi fotoebis gamoqveynebas, romelic mizanmimarTuli, faruli TvalTvalis gziT aris mopovebuli da aRniSna, rom kodeqsi kategoriulia mozardTa uflebebTan mimarTebaSi. kodeqsi aRiarebs
axalgazrdebis uflebas, hqondeT normaluri, yovelgvari zewolisgan Tavisufali cxovrebis pirobebi, rac uzenaesi Rirebulebaa da
rom ar arsebobda iseTi sajaro interesi, romelic princ uiliamisadmi
miZRvnil aseT publikacias gaamarTlebda.
27 oqtomberi, 2000

dinamiti `inslington gazetis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa Camwerma studiam polidorma, romelmac qalbaton dinamitis saxeliT gaaprotesta 2003 wlis martSi
inslington gazetSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT varskvlavis saocnebo saxli dedamisis saxlis mezoblad aRmoCnda. mosarClis SefasebiT, es publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 muxls
(piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba).
statiis Tanaxmad, qalbatonma dinamitma SeiZina saxli CrdiloeT londonSi. masalaSi miTiTebuli iyo nayidi binis misamarTi, fotoze ki aRbeWdili iyo saxli. mosarClis warmomadgenlebi acxadebdnen, rom am publikaciiT varskvlavi riskis winaSe aRmoCnda, radgan misi sacxovreblis
dadgena SesaZlebeli gaxda im TayvanismcemlebisaTvis, romlebic mas
gasaqans isedac ar aZlevdnen da mosvenebas ukargavdnen.
redaqciis gancxadebiT, publikacia keTilSobilur miznebs isaxavda
da Cafiqrebuli iyo cnobili adamianis Sesaxeb dadebiTi statiis momzadeba. miuxedavad amisa, redaqtorma werilobiT moubodiSa varskvlavs
da sinanuli gamoTqva misTvis miyenebuli usiamovnebis gamo. am werilSi
naTqvami iyo, rom redaqcia momavalSi aRar gamoaqveynebda masalebs,
romelic misi sacxovrebeli adgilis identificirebas Seuwyobda xels.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam kmayofilebiT aRniSna is faqti, rom redaqcia
pasuxismgeblobiT moekida varskvlavis pretenziebs da bodiSi mouxada mas,
Tumca iqve aRniSna, rom redaqciebma meti sifrTxile unda gamoiCinon iseTi
masalebis gamoqveynebisas, romlebic cnobili adamianebis misamarTebsa da
koordinatebs Seexeba. es, komisiis SefasebiT, maTi usafrTxoebis dacvis
moTxovnaa da Jurnalistebma unda gaiTvaliswinon es faqtori.
26 marti, 2003

126

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

kim nobeli `jersi ivning postis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT mimarTa qalbatonma kim nobelma, romelmac gaaprotesta jersi ivning postSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT me Semcirebebis nebismieri formis winaaRmdeg vibrZvi. mosarClis SefasebiT, publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-3
muxlis (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) moTxovnebs.
werili, romelic qalbatonma nobelma gaaprotesta, redaqcias saxelmwifo sabinao departamentis ufrosis moadgilem, batonma teri la mainma
gaugzavna. es iyo im statiis sapasuxo werili, romliTac qalbatonma
nobelma departamentis maRalCinosnis politika gaakritika saxelmwifo
qonebis marTvasTan mimarTebaSi.
mosarClis SefasebiT, werilis gamoqveynebiT gazeTma personaluri
da konfidencialuri informacia, romelic qalbatonis mier ijaris gadasaxadebs Seexeboda, sajaro gaxada. aRniSnuli informacia mopovebuli
iyo nobelis piradi saqaRaldidan, romelic saxelmwifo sabinao departamentSi inaxeboda da misi nebarTvis gareSe gamoqveynda. es qmedeba qalbatonma mis pirad cxovrebaSi dausabuTebel Carevad da kodeqsis me-3
muxlis darRvevad Seafasa.
pasuxad redaqtorma ganacxada, rom man mxedvelobaSi miiRo is garemoeba,
rom sakiTxi sazogadoebrivi fondebis gankargvas Seexeboda da is, rom masala
redaqcias kompetenturma moxelem miawoda. amasTanave, redaqtorma ganacxada,
rom gaiziarebda komisiis nebismier gadawyvetilebas, Tu aRmoCndeboda, rom
redaqciis mxridan raime saxis daudevrobas hqonda adgili.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom es iyo aratipiuri SemTxveva, radganac gazeTma masala mkiTxvelis werilis formiT gamoaqveyna. komisiam kidev erTxel xazi gausva piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis pativiscemis
aucileblobas, amasTanave aRniSna isic, rom redaqtorebma unda icodnen
maT gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis sainformacio warmomavloba. am
SemTxvevaSi cxadi iyo, rom gamoqveynebuli informacia pirad da personalur monacemebs Seexeboda da vidre redaqcia ar daadgenda sainformacio wyaros uflebamosilebis siswores, gazeTs masala ar unda gamoeqveynebina.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakiTxi, romelmac ganapiroba es publikacia,
politikuri debatebis Tema iyo, komisiam ar gaiziara mosazreba, TiTqos
qalbatonis mier arendis sazRauris gadaxda sazogadoebrivi interesis
sagani iyo.
6 dekemberi, 2001

127

surran jounsi `deili sportis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: grenadis televiziis saSualebiT komisias sarCeliT mimarTa qalbatonma surran jounsma, romelmac gaaprotesta 2003 wlis maisSi
gazeT deili sportSi gamoqveynebuli statia `surrani yvelaze vnebiani
gogona iyo, romelsac me Sevxvedrivar~ da redaqcia praqtikis kodeqsis
me-3 muxlis (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
mosarCle Teatr koroneiSn sTriTis msaxiobi iyo. misma yofilma megobarma kacma misca interviu, romelSic aRwerda maTi samijnuro urTierTobebis detalebs. qalbatonma jounsma es mis pirad cxovrebaSi dausabuTebel Carevad da kodeqsis moTxovnaTa darRvevad Seafasa.
redaqciam ganacxada, rom jer kidev sami wlis win, rodesac qalbatoni
jounsi aRniSnuli Teatris dasSi Cairicxa, maTma gazeTma da msoflios
axalma ambebma gamoaqveynes analogiuri informaciis Semcveli statia.
qalbaton jounss maSindeli publikaciebi ar gauprotestebia. redaqciam
TxovniT mimarTa komisias, Seeswavla is motivebi, romelTa gamoc mosarClem publikacia amjerad gaasaCivra.
grenadis televiziam ganacxada, rom mosarClem wina publikacia mSoblebis TxovniT ar waikiTxa. maT aseve ganacxades, rom is publikacia ar
iyo iseTi gulaxdili, rogorc es am konkretul SemTxvevaSi iyo.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCels mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom redaqcias ar warmoudgenia araviTari gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba garda im argumentisa, rom analogiuri informaciis Semcveli statia adrec iyo gamoqveynebuli. komisiam
aseve aRniSna, rom dainteresebulma pirebma komisias unda mimarTon
dauyovnebliv, rogorc ki presaSi gaCndeba masala, romelic, maTi SefasebiT, pirad cxovrebaSi dausabuTebel Carevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, radganac erT SemTxvevaSi dumili, SesaZloa, safuZvlad daedos analogiuri
xasiaTis publikaciebs momavalSi da redaqciebma amiT gaamarTlon sakuTari gadawyvetilebebi.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, komisiis SefasebiT, problema publikaciis
uaRresad piraduli xasiaTi da misi grafikulad gamosaxva iyo. ar arsebobda am masalisadmi sazogadoebrivi interesi. amdenad, mosarClis dumili wina publikaciebTan mimarTebaSi, mocemuli publikaciis gamarTlebad ver gamodgeboda. komisiam es statia pirad cxovrebaSi uxeS da
dausabuTebel Carevad Seafasa.
22 maisi, 2003

128

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

keit bekinseili `deili meilis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT mimarTa qalbatonma keit bekinseilma,
romelmac kembel huperis advokatis meSveobiT gaaprotesta deili meilSi 2003 wlis aprilSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `dedis sasiyvarulo intriga lilis ar aRelvebs~. mosarCleTa SefasebiT, es publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba) da me-6 (bavSvebi) muxlebs.
statia eZRvneboda qalbaton bekinseilis da baton vaismanis samijnuro urTierTobas da ilustrirebuli iyo fotoTi, romelzec qalbatoni Tavis partniors exveoda da kocnida. meore fotoze, romelic aseve
erTvoda publikacias, gamosaxuli iyo dedis axali gatacebisadmi sruliad gulgrili qaliSvili lili.
mosarCleTa SefasebiT, statia fotoilustraciebiTurT warmoadgenda uxeS Carevas qalbaton bekinseilis da misi qaliSvilis pirad cxovrebaSi.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCeli ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, is faqti, rom fotoebi reportiorma sajaro
adgilas gadaiRo, abaTilebda braldebas qalbaton bekinseilis pirad
cxovrebaSi Carevis Sesaxeb. scena gadaRebuli iyo iseT adgilas, sadac wyvils
privatulobis gonivruli molodini ar unda hqonoda. igive mosazreba gamoiTqva qalbaton bekinselis qaliSvilTan mimarTebaSic, anu lili imyofeboda sajaro adgilas da amdenad, ar arsebobda garantia imisa, rom is fotoobieqtivis mzeris arealSi ar aRmoCndeboda. umniSvnelovanesi kiTxva, romelic lilisTan mimarTebaSi daisva aseTi iyo: Seicavda Tu ara publikacia
informacias lilis pirad cxovrebaze da gamoqveynda Tu ara es informacia
mxolod imitom, rom misi deda cnobili pirovnebaa?
komisiam miiCnia, rom publikacia ar Seicavda piradi xasiaTis informacias da rom fotoze asaxuli iyo lilis reaqcia mis garSemo ganviTarebul movlenebze. statiaSi sityva ar iyo naTqvami misi janmrTelobis
mdgomareobaze an swavlis detalebze, rac, komisiis azriT, ar SeiZleba
Sefasebuliyo, rogorc redaqciis Careva bavSvis pirad cxovrebaSi.
komisiam gamoikvlia da daadgina, rom lilis fotoebi adrec araerTxel gamoqveynebula Tanxmobis gareSe da amas mSoblebis protesti arasdros mohyolia, iseve, rogorc mtkicebulebebi imisa, rom publikaciebma
safrTxe Seuqmnes bavSvis keTildReobas.
15 aprili, 2003

129

joan loidi da jon ogdeni `sandei sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias sarCeliT mimarTes qalbatonma joan loidma da
batonma jon ogdenma, romlebmac gaaprotestes sandei sanSi 1997 wlis
dekemberSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `Sobis saswauli CemTvis
aris... . mosarCleTa SefasebiT, aRniSnuli publikacia ewinaaRmdegeboda
praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) da me-6
(bavSvebi) muxlebs.
qalbatoni joan loidi da batoni jon ogdeni iyvnen statiaSi moxseniebuli bavSvis deda da babua. publikaciaSi aRwerili iyo dawyebiTi skolis ramodenime mowafis azri qristesSobis dResaswaulTan dakavSirebiT.
Jurnalistma skolis ramodenime mowafes gadauRo foto da CamoarTva
interviu. manve sTxova bavSvebs, daeweraT mokle Tema qristesSobis Temaze. am Temebidan ramodenime citata Jurnalistma Tavis statiaSi gamoiyena, maT Soris, mosarCleTa bavSvis citatac, romelSic igi sinanuls
gamoTqvamda imis gamo, rom misi mSoblebi gacilebulebi iyvnen.
mosarCleebi aprotestebdnen im faqts, rom statia maTi nebarTvis
gareSe gamoqveynda. maTive SefasebiT, garda imisa, rom Jurnalisti uxeSad Caeria maT pirad cxovrebaSi, aseve daarRvia kodeqsis norma, romelic
bavSvebisagan interviuebis aRebis wess gansazRvravs.
redaqciam pasuxad ganacxada, rom Jurnalistma intervius momzadebis
procesSi daicva da skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan SeaTanxma yvela norma.
iTqva isic, rom intervius klasis xelmZRvanelic eswreboda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam daakmayofila sarCeli kodeqsis me-3 muxlis
darRvevis nawilSi.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom intervius eswreboda ufrosi, am
SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli, romelic pasuxismgebelia bavSvebis keTildReobaze. amdenad, komisiam ar gaiziara mosarClis pretenzia kodeqsis
me-6 muxlTan dakavSirebiT, radgan Jurnalistma daicva bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis kodeqsiT dadgenili wesi, rasac komisia miesalma.
kodeqsis me-3 muxlTan dakavSirebiT komisiam ganacxada, rom redaqtors unda scodnoda, rom qalbaton loidis ojaxuri statusi da misi
qaliSvilis gancdebi amasTan dakavSirebiT, uaRresad piraduli sakiTxi
iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom redaqciam informacia kodeqsis moTxovnaTa
dacviT moipova, aseTi niuansebi gazeTs Tavidan unda aecilebina.
21 dekemberi, 1997

130

6. bavSvebi

premier-ministri bleri da misi meuRle

`deili telegrafisa~ da `deili meilis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTes didi britaneTis premier-ministrma da misma meuRlem deili telegrafsa da deili meilSi 2001 wlis
7 da 9 seqtembers gamoqveynebuli statiebis `ieni kolejis arCevanSia~
da `ieni mamis kvals oqsfordSi mihyveba~ gamo. mosarCle mxarem gazeTebi praqtikis kodeqsis me-6 muxlis (bavSvebi) darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
statiebi ien bleris mier universitetSi Caricxvis gancxadebas
Seexeboda. ienis mSoblebis SefasebiT, aRniSnuli publikaciebi
warmoadgenda maTi Svilis saswavlo processa da pirad cxovrebaSi uxeS
Carevas. isini aseve miuTiTebdnen im garemoebaze, rom statiebi daiwera
da gamoqveynda mxolod imis gamo, rom ienis mSoblebs sazogadoebaSi maRali mdgomareoba ukaviaT.
deili telegrafis redaqciam ganacxada, rom ienis ganacxadis Sesaxeb
maTTvis cnobili gaxda im kolejis reestridan, romelsac ien blerma
mimarTa. redaqciam ganmarta, rom aRniSnuli publikaciis mizani iyo,
sazogadoebas scodnoda, Tu rogor arCevans akeTebs premieris ojaxi
maTi Svilis momavali ganaTlebisaTvis da ara Tavad ien bleris arCevanis
gansja. redaqciis gancxadebiT, arsebobda sazogadoebrivi interesi am
sakiTxisadmi, miT ufro, rom im xanad mimdinareobda politikuri
debatebi oqsfordis universitetSi Caricxvis wesTan dakavSirebiT.
deili meilis redaqtoris gancxadebiT, aseTi sakiTxebi yvela qveyanaSi sazogadoebrivi msjelobis sagania. manve aRniSna, rom publikaciis
momzadebis procesSi redaqcia daukavSirda premieris pressamdivnos dauning stritze da iq aravis miuTiTebia raime saxis SezRudvis Sesaxeb.
msgavsi ram rom momxdariyo, acxadeben gazeTis mesveurebi, isini statiis
gamoqveynebis mizanSewonilobaze sagangebod imsjelebdnen.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam pirvelad deili telegrafis publikacia ganixila. praqtikis kodeqsis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, axalgazrdebs aqvT ufleba,
daamTavron saskolo swavleba yovelgvari sajaro Carevis gareSe. igive

131

me-6 muxli Seicavs sagangebo damatebas sajaro pirebis SvilebTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, kodeqsi krZalavs maT moxseniebas publikaciebSi mxolod imitom, rom maTi mSoblebi sajaro pirebi arian. es wesi vrceldeba
16 wlamde mozardebze. am SemTxvevaSi, kodeqsis es moTxovna ien blersac
Seexeboda da redaqcias unda gaeTvaliswinebina es garemoeba. komisiis
azriT, SesaZlebelia, moewyos saerTo-erovnuli an adgilobrivi presis
erTgvari testireba imisaTvis, rom dadgindes ramdenad xSirad iwereba
statiebi im bavSvebis arCevanze, romelTa mSoblebi sazogadoebrivi interesis arealSi ar imyofebian.
komisiam aseve imsjela im SesaZlo zianze, romelic am publikacias
SeeZlo moexdina ien bleris samomavlo perspeqtivaze. komisiis wevrTa
gancxadebiT, universitetebSi ganacxadebis Setanis dro mozardebisaTvis mniSvnelovani da stresuli periodia. ien blers, iseve rogorc mraval sxva mozards ganacxadi Setanili hqonda, rac srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom is ukve universitetSi swavlobda. am statias SesaZloa, zegavlena moexdina universitetSi Sesvlis proceduraze da sazogadoebriv
azrze imgvarad, rom uaryofiTad asaxuliyo ien bleris ganaTlebasa da
mis pirad keTildReobaze.
komisiam aseve aRniSna, rom am publikacias araviTari kavSiri hqonda
oqsfordis universitetSi misaReb procedurebTan dakavSirebiT mimdinare politikur debatebTan.
komisiam ar gaiziara redaqciis pozicia, rom publikacia iyo `aucilebeli~, radgan premier-ministris da misi ojaxis arCevans Seexeboda.
komisiam miiCnia, rom swavlis gagrZelebis forma da adgili Tavad ien
bleris damoukidebeli arCevania.
komisiam aseve aRniSna, rom rodesac gazeTi Tavis romelime publikaciaSi exeba bavSvebTan dakavSirebul Temebs, mas gacnobierebuli unda hqondes udidesi pasuxismgebloba da pirvel rigSi, am bavSvis interesebs iTvaliswinebdes. Tu gazeTi mainc gadawyvets, gamoaqveynos masala, romelSic
moxseniebuli iqneba konkretuli bavSvi, redaqcia darwmunebuli unda iyos
imaSi, rom sazogadoebrivi interesi am sakiTxisadmi imdenad didia, rom aman
SesaZloa, gadaswonos kodeqsis mier dawesebuli SezRudva.
rac Seexeba deili meilis statias, komisiam cnobad miiRo is, rom am
gazeTs pirvels ar gamoutania es Tema sazogadoebis samsjavroze da aseve
isic, rom redaqcia daukavSirda premier-ministris pressamsaxurs da
mzad iyo sagangebod emsjela statiis gamoqveynebis mizanSewonilobaze,
pressamsaxurs raime miniSneba rom gaekeTebina amasTan dakavSirebiT.
miuxedavad amisa, komisiam mosarCleTa pretenzia samarTlianad cno,
radgan deili meilis statia zustad imeorebda deili telegrafSi gadmocemul informacias.
8 dekemberi, 2001

132

bavSvebi

premier-ministri bleri da misi meuRle

`meil on sandeis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTes didi britaneTis premier-ministrma toni blerma da misma meuRlem qalbatonma blerma. mosarCleebma
1999 wlis ianvarSi meil on sandeiSi gamoqveynebuli statia da am statiis
saTauri gaaprotestes. maTi SefasebiT, es iyo praqtikis kodeqsis 1 (sizuste) da me-6 (bavSvebi) muxlebis darRveva, radgan Jurnalisti uxeSad
Caeria maTi qaliSvilis pirad cxovrebaSi.
gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, saTauriT `mSoblebis gabrazeba blerebze saskolo rigebSi~, romelSic saubari iyo imaze, rom hammersmitis
skolam Tavis rigebSi miiRo ketrin bleri _ premieris qaliSvili _ maSin
rodesac Caricxvaze uars eubneboda sxva adgilobriv bavSvebs. gazeTi
gadmoscemda zogierTi mSoblis azrs, rom skola premier-ministrs uwevda angariSs. statiaSi naTqvami iyo, rom im wels camet gogonas uTxres
uari miRebaze maSin, rodesac wina wels mxolod ori gaistumres uariT.
publikaciaSi moyvanili iyo ori gogonas mSoblis saxelebi. isini acxadebdnen, rom maT ar auxsnes uaris Tqmis mizezi da rom danarCeni TerTmeti mSobeli mxolod imitom dumda, rom maT Svilebs saskolo adgilebs dahpirdnen.
statiaSi naTqvami iyo, rom ketrin bleri udaod niWieri bavSvia,
magram im dros, rodesac is hammersmitis skolaSi iricxeba, TerTmeti
misi Tanatoli gareT darCenis saSiSroebis winaSe dadga. gazeTma
gamoTqva eWvi, rom skolis misaRebi komisiis politika usamarTlo iyo.
premier-ministri da qalbatoni bleri finansurad SeZlebulebi iyvnen
da amdenad, SeeZloT, maTi qaliSvilis ganaTleba kerZo skolaSic daefinansebinaT.
mosarCleebi, Tavis mxriv, acxadebdnen, rom ketrini romis kaTolikuri eklesiis tradiciebze izrdeboda da maTi survili iyo, rom ketrins
kaTolikur skolaSi evlo, sadac ymawvilebi da gogonebi gancalkevebiT
swavlobdnen. maTi gancxadebiT, vensminsteris erTaderT skolaSi Sereuli klasebis principi iyo da amitom blerebis ojaxma hammersmitis skolas procedurebisa da wesebis sruli dacviT mimarTa.
mosarCleebma komisiis yuradReba miapyres im faqtsac, rom gazeTma
publikaciamde, hammersmitis adgilobriv sabWosac mimarTa SekiTxviT,
sadac maT ganumartes, rom grinviCis 1989 wlis gadawyvetilebiT, skolis
kontigentis formireba teritoriuli principiT arasamarTlianad cnes
da skolaSi Caricxvis ufleba nebismier ubanSi mcxovreb bavSvs misces.
Tumca, upiratesoba eniWeboda kaTolikuri ojaxebidan gamosul im
bavSvebs, romlebmac dawyebiTi kaTolikuri skolebi daamTavres.
mosarCleTa mtkicebiT, gazeTma yovelgvari dasabuTebisa da auci-

133

leblobis gareSe daadanaSaula ketrin bleri daumsaxurebeli privilegiebiT sargeblobasa da sxvaTa xarjze saskolo adgilis mopovebaSi.
premier-ministri aRiarebda, rom publikaciis avtorma safuZvlianad
Seiswavla mTavrobis saganmanaTleblo politika, Tumca iqve miuTiTebda,
rom am Temaze msjeloba ar saWiroebda misi qaliSvilis pirad cxovrebaSi
Carevas da misi swavlis detalebis sajarod gamotanas. mosarCle miiCnevda, rom publikacia iyo yalb msjelobebze agebuli da ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis normas, faqtebis sizustesTan mimarTebaSi.
redaqciam sapasuxod ganacxada, rom maTi mxridan kritikis mTavari
samizne ketrin blerisadmi privilegiuri midgomis sakiTxi ar yofila.
Jurnalisti ikvlevda ramodenime mSoblis dasabuTebul saCivars maTi
Svilebis ganaTlebis perspeqtivasTan dakavSirebiT. maT aintersebdaT
is, Tu ratom uTxres uari skolaSi Caricxvaze maT Svilebs maSin, rodesac
premieris qaliSvili skolaSi Cairicxa. redaqcia aseve aRniSnavda, rom
Jurnalistma skolis direqtorTan Sexvedra scada, magram am ukanasknelma interviuze uari ganacxada.
redaqcia miuTiTebda imaze, rom arsebobda mSobelTa mosazreba skolis politikis usamarTlobasTan dakavSirebiT. isini acxadebdnen, rom
skolis xelmZRvaneloba borotad sargeblobda mzardi popularobiT da
miRebis politikas kuluarul principebze agebda.
redaqtorma ganacxada, rom skolaSi Caricxvis Sedegebis gamocxadebis
Semdeg, erT-erTma mSobelma gamoTqva mosazreba, rom toni bleris qaliSvilma skolaSi misi Svilis kuTvnili adgili daikava. igives imeorebdnen sxva mSoblebic da gazeTi mxolod asaxavda maT guliswyromas. gazeTi
aRwerda am aRSfoTebas da kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebda premieris politikur gancxadebas saerTo ganaTlebis skolebis prioritetulobis Sesaxeb.
redaqcias miaCnda, rom premieris arCevani misi qaliSvilis skolasTan
mimarTebaSi ewinaaRmdegeboda im politikas, romelsac mTavroba lobirebda
da amis ganxilva sazogadoebrivi interesis sagani iyo. gazeTi Tvlida, rom
sarCelis dakmayofileba premiers kritikaze maRla daayenebda da
daakanonebda misi piradi qmedebebisadmi uapelacio damokidebulebas.
rac Seexeba Tavad ketrin blers, redaqciam ganacxada, rom maT miznad
ar dausaxavT mis pirad cxovrebaSi Careva da amis magaliTad moiyvana is
faqti, rom gazeTs ketrin bleris foto ar gamouqveynebia. redaqciis
mtkicebiT, rom ara sazogadoebrivi interesi, isini arasdros gamoaqveynebdnen masalas premieris qaliSvilze mxolod imitom, rom is premieris
qaliSvili iyo.
mosarCle mxare miiCnevda, rom gazeTisaTvis sakmarisi iqneboda mimRebi komisiis kriteriumebis gacnoba. es kriteriumebi sajarod iyo gamoqveynebuli da ketrin bleri maT akmayofilebda. maTi mtkicebiT, usamarTloba iqneboda misTvis uaris Tqma im mizeziT, rom igi sxva raionSi

134

bavSvebi

cxovrobda. mosarCleebi acxadebdnen, rom gazeTs ar hqonda sakmarisi

safuZveli imisaTvis, rom gamoeqveynebina statia bavSvze da mis saswavlo
procesze da mas am braldebebis fonze daewyo swavla axal skolaSi. ar
arsebobda mtkicebuleba imisa, rac mis pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas da normaluri cxovrebis wesis uflebis xelyofas gaamarTlebda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam ganacxada, rom praqtikis kodeqsis 1 muxli avaldebulebs Jurnalistebs, ar miawodon mkiTxvelebs informacia, romelic
iqneba dauzustebeli da SecdomaSi Seiyvans maT. kodeqsis me-6 muxli garkveviT adgens, rom bavSvebs aqvT swavlisa da saskolo cxovrebiT sargeblobis garantirebuli ufleba da aravis ar SeuZlia sajaro gaxados
maTi cxovreba, Tu ar arsebobs amis dasabuTebuli aucilebloba. publikacia bavSvebis pirad cxovrebaze ar unda keTdebodes mxolod imitom,
rom maT mSoblebs sazogadoebaSi maRali mdgomareoba uWiravT.
komisiam aseve aRniSna mediis upirobo ufleba da movaleoba, Seiswavlos da sazogadoebas gaacnos mTavrobis politika da saqmianoba. politikosTa Svilebis moxsenieba Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi SesaZlebelia
mxolod im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac politikosTa damokidebuleba maT
mimarT raime saxis zegavlenas axdens maT saqmianobaze da gadawyvetilebebze, an arsebobs dasabuTebuli eWvi imisa, rom ojaxuri faqtori politikosTa aragulwrfelobis mizezia. aseT SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebia gamonaklisi, romelic sakiTxisadmi sazogadoebis maRali intersiT iqneba
dasabuTebuli.
komisiam aRniSna, rom gansaxilveli sarCeli unikaluri iyo britanuli
presis praqtikaSi, radgan, erTis mxriv, publikacia winaaRmdegobaSi modioda praqtikis kodeqsis 1 muxlTan, meores mxriv ki, komisia adasturebda statiaSi aRwerili problemis aqtualobas da sazogadoebriv
mniSvnelobas. am konteqstSi komisiam miuTiTa imaze, rom miuRebeli iyo
ara Tavad Tema, aramed am Temis fokusireba konkretul bavSvze da misi
statiaSi identificireba.
komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebaze, rom statiis centraluri personaJi TerTmeti wlis bavSvi iyo. kodeqsi maqsimalurad aris
orientirebuli mavne zegavlenisagan am asakis bavSvebis dacvaze. ketrin
bleris mimarT gamoTqmuli eWvi, misi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanes etapze,
komisiam misi piradi cxovrebis xelyofad da kodeqsis me-6 muxlis darRvevad Seafasa.
komisiam imsjela sakiTxze _ iyo Tu ara statia arakoreqtuli mTlianobaSi. komisiam miiCnia, rom redaqcias ar warmoudgenia arc erTi argumenti imisa, rom ketrin bleris mimarT privilegirebuli midgoma iyo,
Tumca statiaSi misi saxelis araerTxel moxsenieba mkiTxvels uqmnida
STabeWdilebas, rom ketrin blerma privilegiebiT isargebla. amave dros

135

arsebobda am statiasTan dakavSirebuli sajaro komentarebic. magaliTad, erT-erTi mSobeli acxadebda, rom mas redaqciaSi ganucxades, rom
maT hqondaT damatebiTi informacia imis Taobaze, Tu rogor dajavSnes
blerebma adgili skolaSi. aseve arsebobda opoziciis erT-erTi lideris
komentari, rom premier-ministri specialuri privilegiiT sargeblobda da ketrin bleris skolaSi moxvedra badebda eWvs skolis kuluarul
politikasTan dakavSirebiT. gazeTma gamoaqveyna mxolod nawili im gancxadebisa, romelic hammersmitis TviTmmarTvelobis sabWos pressamsaxurma am braldebaTa sapasuxod gaakeTa.
komisiam daadgina, rom gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, romelsac SeeZlo
uaryofiTi zegavlena eqonia ketrin blerze da gaakeTa es ise, rom amis
damamtkicebeli argumenti ar gaaCnda.
meore sakiTxi, razec komisiam sagangebod imsjela, ketrin blerze
statiis fokusirebis mizanSewoniloba iyo. komisiam miiCnia, rom skolaSi
Caricxvis kriteriumebze msjeloba savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo ise, rom
am problemis proeqcireba konkretul mozardze ar momxdariyo. ketrin
bleri ver iqneboda pasuxismgebeli im faqtze, rom moswavleTa garkveul
raodenobas, skolaSi miRebaze uari eTqva. misi moxsenieba statiaSi ganpirobebuli iyo misi mSoblebis sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobiT da amdenad,
ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis 1 da me-6 muxlebs.
komisiam aseve ganixila redaqciis gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom am
sakiTxisadmi arsebobda dasabuTebuli sazogadoebrivi interesi da rom
maT sruliad Segnebulad ar gamoaqveynes premieris qaliSvilis foto.
komisiam aRniSna redaqtoris ufleba, miiRos gadawyvetileba ama Tu im
bavSvis sajarod moxseniebis Taobaze mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
arsebobs utyuari mtkicebuleba imisa, rom es sazogadoebriv interesSia
da statiis obieqturoba moiTxovs mis dasaxelebas, radgan igi ambis centraluri figuraa. am logikidan gamomdinare, komisiam gaumarTleblad
miiCnia ketrin bleris moxsenieba publikaciaSi, romelic ganaTlebis
sferoSi moqmed standartebs da kriteriumebs exeboda.
24 ianvari, 1999

premier-ministri bleri da misi meuRle

`deili sportis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT didi britaneTis premier-ministrma da
qalbatonma blerma mimarTes. maT deili sportSi 1999 wlis dekemberSi
gamoqveynebuli statia seqsualurad aqtiuri bleri gaaprotestes

136

bavSvebi

da redaqcia praqtikis kodeqsis me-6 (bavSvebi) muxlis darRvevaSi daadanaSaules.

publikacia ilustrirebuli iyo foto masaliT, romelzec aRbeWdili
iyo premieris vaJi erT-erT wveulebaze im momentSi, rodesac is gogonas
cekvis dros hkocnida. TandarTuli teqsti da gadaRebis rakursi misi
pirovnebis identificirebis saSualebas iZleoda.
mosarClis gancxadebiT, mis vaJs suraTi nebarTvis gareSe gadauRes,
riTac dairRva praqtikis kodeqsis me-6 muxlis ramodenime norma.
redaqtoris gancxadebiT, wveulebebi didi xania iqca Jurnal-gazeTebis publikaciebis mudmiv Temad da rom Jurnalisti am wveulebaze
Tavad organizatorebma miiwvies. redaqciam komisias gaugzavna wina wlebis publikaciebi analogiur Temaze da aRniSna, rom maTze pretenzia aqamde ar yofila. redaqcia acxadebda, rom fotoebi umcros blers gadauRes ara misi socialuri mdgomareobis gamo da rom wveulebis organizatorebs, romlebic RonisZiebaze moqmedebdnen mSoblebis saxeliT (in
loco parentis), ar gauprotestebiaT gadaRebebi. redaqtorma ar gaiziara
mosarClis mtkiceba, rom dairRva kodeqsis me-6 muxli, radgan foto asaxavda ara mozardis pirad cxovrebas, aramed mis qcevas sajaro adgilas.
gadawyvetileba: sarCeli dakmayofilda.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom praqtikis kodeqsi icavs mozardis
uflebas, maT Soris cnobili da maRali mdgomareobis mqone mSoblebis
Svilebis, aRizardos normalur garemoSi, xeli ar SeeSalos yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi da daeswros wveulebebs ise, rom am movlenaTa `gasajaroebis~ SiSi ar hqondes.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, komisiam daadgina, rom dairRva kodeqsis
norma, radgan fotoebi unebarTvod iyo gadaRebuli, xolo bavSvis saxeli
miuTiTes misi mSoblebis sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis gamo.
komisiam xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom redaqciebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamoiCinon, rodesac saqme bavSvebs exeba da daicvan nebarTvis
aRebis aucilebeli procedura. komisiis SefasebiT, am publikacias SeeZlo ziani mieyenebina mozardis piradi cxovrebisa da saswavlo procesisaTvis da zegavlena moexdina mis keTildReobaze.
rac Seexeba wveulebis organizatorebis pasuxismgeblobas, komisiam
ganacxada, rom isini ar iyvnen uflebamosilni miecaT an aekrZlaT gadaRebis ufleba, radgan ar hqondaT rwmunebuleba mSoblebisagan, anu ar
moqmedbdnen in loco parentis, miT umetes, rom komisiam ar gamoricxa maTi
komerciuli daintereseba.
komisiam aRniSna, rom redaqcia nebismier SemTxvevaSi unda ecados,
miiRos nebarTva bavSvis mSoblebisagan an uflebamosili pirebisagan,
xolo rodesac es SeuZlebelia, unda gaaCndes sakmarisi argumentebi, raTa daamtkicos, rom man yvelaferi iRona.

137

komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvila im garemoebazec, rom wveulebaze myofi

mozardebidan, publikaciasa da fotoze aravin iyo identificirebuli, garda
premier-ministris vaJisa, rac mkafiod metyvelebs imaze, rom is publikaciaSi
misi mSoblebis sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis gamo moxvda. yovelive
zemoTqmuli komisiam kodeqsiT dadgenili normebis darRvevad Seafasa.
21 dekemberi, 1999

duilkinsoni `sanis~
(Sotlandiuri damateba) winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa qalaq millportSi mcxovrebma
qalbatonma duilkinsonma, romlis SefasebiT, gazeT sanSi 1998 wlis dekemberSi gamoqveynebuli statia qalbatoni sponji iyo mikerZoebuli,
dausabuTebeli Careva misi Svilebis pirad cxovrebaSi, damamcirebeli
da Seicavda uzustobebs. momCivanma gazeTi praqtikis kodeqsis 1 (sizuste); me-6 (bavSvebi) da me-13 (diskriminacia) muxlebis darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
statia Seexeboda socialuri daxmarebis politikas, romelic adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis msjelobis sagani iyo da mosarClis mier saxelmwifosagan miRebuli daxmarebis odenobas. statiaSi gamoTqmuli iyo
mosazreba, rom socialuri politikis Sedegad, imaTTan SedarebiT,
vinc muSaobs mosarClis ojaxi ukeTes pirobebSi imyofeboda.
mosarCle aseve miuTiTebda im garemoebaze, rom igi daTanxmda intervius micemas, magram misi Svilebis fotoebisa da saxelebis gamoqveynebaze
JurnalistisaTvis nebarTva ar miucia. fotoebi, romlebic bavSvebs
taqsSi Cajdomis dros gadauRes, gazeTma gamoaqveyna, ris Sedegadac, misi
Svilebi skolaSi xulignuri Tavdasxmis obieqtebad iqcnen.
redaqciis azriT, statiaSi ojaxuri detalebis aRwera gamarTlebuli
iyo, radgan socialuri daxmarebis politikis Sesafaseblad aseTi detalebis codna mkiTxvels swori daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas miscemda.
mosarClis mtkicebiT, gazeTma daarRvia kodeqsis 1 da me-13 muxlebi,
rodesac dawera, rom socialurma samsaxurebma mis bavSvebs sagangebod
gamouyves taqsi, raTa maT gakveTilebi ar gaecdinaT da rom qalbaton
uilkenss kviraSi samjer sacxovrebeli binis movlaSi exmarebian.
momCivanma ganacxada, rom statiaSi gamoyenebuli fraza epileptiki
uilkensi misTvis damamcirebeli da Sueracxmyofeli iyo.
sapasuxod redaqciam ganacxada, rom statiaSi ganxiluli iyo is Semweobebi, romelTac es ojaxi Rebulobda da gadmocemuli iyo rogorc sa-

138

bavSvebi

kuTriv am ojaxis, aseve maTi mezoblebis azri aRniSnul sakiTxze. statias

safuZvlad daedo garkveul moqalaqeTa pozicia, rom uilkinsebis ojaxis
daxmareba preferenciul xasiaTs atarebda. redaqciam aseve aRniSna, rom
informacia taqsiT momsaxurebaze Jurnalistma adgilobrivi moxelisagan
Seityo. rac Seexeba damatebiT daxmarebas da ufrosi vaJis swavlas specialur skolaSi _ Jurnalistma es informacia Tavad qalbaton uilkensisgan miiRo, romelmac es faqti misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobiT axsna.
redaqciis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom statiaSi qalbaton uilkensis
avadmyofobis moxsenieba am garemoebiT aixsneboda, xolo bavSvebis foto
gamoqveynda imitom, rom mkiTxvels Tavad enaxa taqsiT momsaxurebis faqti
da gaekeTebina daskvna. mas Semdeg, rac momCivanma komisias warudgina misi
Svilebis akademiuri moswrebis furceli, redaqciam gamoTqva mzadyofna,
gamoeqveynebina Sesworeba da bodiSi moexada statiaSi gamoyenebuli
faqtebis nawilze. mosarClem es winadadeba ar miiRo.
redaqcia miiCnevda, rom raki mosarCle iRebda daxmarebas misi avadmyofobis gamo, es amarTlebda statiaSi am avadmyofobis aRniSvnis faqts.
gadawyevetileba: komisiam mxari dauWira mosarClis pretenzias kodeqsis me-6-muxlTan dakavSirebiT da uaryo pretenziebi 1 da me-13 muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom es Tema sazogadoebrivi interesis sagani iyo da bunebrivad ukavSirdeboda konkretuli bavSvebis saxelebs, maTi dakonkreteba araviTar aucileblobas
ar warmoadgenda. komisiis SefasebiT, es kodeqsis me-6 muxlis uxeSi darRvevaa, radgan es muxli sagangebod icavs bavSvebs da amdenad, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs.
komisiam kmayofileba gamoTqva gazeTis mzadyofnis gamo, gamoeqveynebina Sesworeba bavSvebis akademiur moswrebasTan dakavSirebiT da ganacxada, rom es iqneboda adekvaturi zoma kodeqsis 1 muxlTan mimarTebaSi.
sarCelis umetesi nawili, komisiis SefasebiT, socialuri daxmarebis
odenobas da mizanSewonilobaze gazeTisa da adgilobrivi moxelis mier
gamoTqmul mosazrebebs Seexeboda. statiaSi Tanabari adgili hqonda daTmobili sapirispiro mosazrebas, mkafiod iyo gamijnuli erTmaneTisagan
faqti da komentari, xolo Tavad socialuri daxmarebis politikisa da masze gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gansja, komisiis amocanas ar warmoadgenda.
respondentis avadmyofobis faqtis statiaSi aRniSvna, komisiis SefasebiT, ganpirobebuli iyo im garemoebiT, rom amisaTvis mosarCle saxelmwifo Semweobas iRebda. avtorma misi avadmyofoba statiaSi moiyvana, rogorc faqti. aseve aRiniSna, rom respondenti Tavad saubrobda Tavisi
cxovrebis detalebze, amdenad komisiam me-13 muxlis darRevea, am konkretul publikaciaSi, ver dainaxa.
amis Semdgom kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) da

139

me-11 (SecdoamaSi Seyvana) muxlebidan gamomdinare mosarClem wamoayena

damatebiTi pretenziebi. qalbatonma uilkinsonma ganacxada, rom statiaSi aRwerili ambavi mis pirad cxovrebaSi Careva iyo da rom Jurnalistma
is interviuze daiTanxma im pirobiT, rom publikacia misi mxardaWeris
mizniT daiwereboda.
komisiam momCivanis es pretenziebi ar gaiziara, radgan qalbatoni
uilkinsonisaTvis gaweuli socialuri daxmarebis odenoba isedac kamaTis sagani iyo. am sakiTxisadmi sazogadoebis interesi arsebobda da amdenad, mis pirad cxovrebaSi Carevad ver CaiTvleboda, xolo Jurnalists
misTvis ar daumalavs, rom is Jurnalisti iyo.
9 dekemberi, 1998

bleiki `bedforSir on sandeis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa hastingsberis skolisa da saTemo
kolejis Tavmjdomarem batonma bleikma, romelmac bedfordSir on sandeiSi 1998 wlis martSi gamoqveynebuli statia gaaprotesta da is praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba), me-6 (bavSvebi)
da me-9 (saavadmyofoebi)10 muxlebis darRvevad Seafasa.
mosarClis gancxadebiT, statia, saTauriT `daSinebulma gogonebma
abebiT moiwamles Tavi~ gamoqveynda mas Semdeg, rac gazeTis korespondenti bavSvebs saavadmyofoSi esaubra, xolo mogvianebiT, gazeTis korespondenti skolis moswavleebs uSualod kolejis teritoriaze gaesaubra.
statia Seexeboda incidents, romlis drosac skolis samma moswavlem
medikamentebis didi doza miiRo. bavSvebis asaki ToTxmet wels ar aRemateboda. mosarClis mtkicebiT, bavSvebs korespondentTan saubari ar surdaT. Jurnalistma bavSvebs aRuTqva, rom publikaciaSi maT saxelebs ar
miuTiTebda. aRniSnulma statiam bavSvebi stresul mdgomareobaSi Caagdo, ris gamoc erT-erTi bavSvis dedam redaqcias saCivriTac mimarTa.
miuxedavad amisa, gazeTma misi qaliSvilis saxeli Semdgom publikaciaSi
kvlav moixsenia. swored am gogonas miakiTxa Jurnalistma ganmeorebiT
saavadmyofoSi ise, rom palataSi Sesvlis uflebis mosapoveblad, saavadmyofos xelmZRvanelobisaTvis sakuTari vinaoba ar gaumJRavnebia. Jurnalistebi ganagrZobdnen bavSvebis gamokiTxvas skolis mimdebare teritoriazec. erT-erTma moswavlem ganacxada, rom mas informaciis sanacvlod
sigaretic ki SesTavazes.
redaqtoris gancxadebiT, bavSvebis sajarod identificirebisaTvis
nebarTvis miReba gazeTs savaldebulod ar miuCnevia da rom aseTi

140

bavSvebi

nebarTva, maTi azriT, mxolod im SemTxvevebSi esaWiroebaT, rodesac saqme arasrulwlovanTa mimarT seqsualuri Zaladobis aRweras exeba.
redaqtori acxadebda, rom misi korespondentebi regularulad Rebulobdnen miTiTebebs informaciis kanonierad mopovebis aucileblobaze,
rac bavSvebisgan informaciis mopovebis wesebis dacvasac gulisxmobs.
Tumca, mSoblebis Tanxmobis aucileblobaze, isini informirebuli ar
yofilan. misive gancxadebiT, ori moswavlis mSobeli Jurnalists garkveuli distanciidan gaesaubra, rac redaqtoris azriT, usityvo Tanxmobad SeiZleboda Sefasebuliyo. rac Seexeba Jurnalists, redaqtorma
ganacxada, rom man es bavSvebi sruliad SemTxveviT naxa, rodesac misi
megobris Svilis mosanaxuleblad mivida saavadmyofoSi da aseve SemTxveviT aRmoCnda palataSi, romelSic aRniSnuli skolis moswavleebi mkurnalobdnen. redaqtoris gancxadebiT, Jurnalisti moiqca sworad, rodesac ar gaesaubra bavSvs pirvelive Sexvedris dros da maT mSoblebisTvis
gadasacemad sakuTari savizito baraTi dautova. amave dros redaqciis
TqmiT, palataSi myofma moswavleebma Jurnalists ganucxades, rom maTi
asaki Teqvsmet wels aRemateboda. rac Seexeba bavSvebTan gasaubrebas
skolis win, redaqtoris TqmiT, skolis ezoSi, Sesvenebis dros Jurnalistebs bavSvebis jgufi Semoexvia da rom sigareti Jurnalists manqanidan swored am jgufidan erT-erTma amoacala.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiis gancxadebiT, praqtikis kodeqsis me-6 da me-9 muxlebi, aseve me-3 muxli mkafiod adgens, rom Jurnalistma ganuxrelad
unda daicvas bavSvebisa da avadmyofebis interesebi.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi komisiam daadgina, rom Jurnalistma ar daicva kodeqsis norma, rodesac skolis xelmZRvanelobas ar SeuTanxma bavSvebTan Sexvedris faqti da ar miiRo maTi Tanxmoba. aseve dairRva
kodeqsis norma, rodesac Jurnalisti saavadmyofos palataSi awarmoebda
gamokiTxvas. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sexvedra SemTxveviT moxda, kodeqsis
Tanxmad, Jurnalists bavSvebTan gasaubrebaze nebarTva saavadmyofos
xelmZRvanelobisgan unda aeRo.
3 oqtomberi, 1998

maikl uiliamsi `miroris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: maikl uiliamsis advokatma sabWos 1996 wlis 18 oqtombers
mirorSi gamoqveynebuli statiis gamo uCivla. publikacia Seexeboda Tineijer mkvlels lirko Cindamos. statiaSi avtorma gamoiyena damnaSavis

141

yofili megobris, mosarClis 14 wlis qaliSvilis monaTxrobi Cindamos

bandis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.
momCivanis gancxadebiT, Jurnalistma, romelic sainformacio saagentosTvis muSaobda da ara deili mirorisTvis, arasaTanadod waradgina
Tavi momCivanis qaliSvilTan, romelmac mkafiod uTxra Jurnalists, ar
moexdina statiaSi misi vinaobis identificireba. batonma uiliamsma gazeTi praqtikis kodeqsis me-4 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba), me-7
(SecdomaSi Seyvana), me-8 (Seviwroeba) da me-6 (bavSvebi) muxlebis darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
momCivanis TqmiT, misma qaliSvilma manamde misca Jurnalists informacia (maT Soris Tavisi saxlis misamarTi), vidre misi profesiis Sesaxeb
Seityobda. b-nma uiliamsma ganacxada, rom Jurnalistma ramdenjerme daureka gogonas da saxlSic Seuara mas, Tavad gogonac Seexmiana Jurnalists da kidev erTxel Seaxsena, rom daecva misi anonimuroba. imave satelefono saubris dros Jurnalistis SeTavazebaze, Tanxis sazRaurad
damatebiTi informacia miewodebina gazeTisaTvis, gogonam uari ganacxada. ganmeorebiTi satelefono zarebis Semdeg ki meurvem aukrZala
Jurnalists gogonasTan kontaqti.
redaqciam ganacxada, rom statia axali ambebis saagentos mier iyo momzadebuli, romelsac Tavdapirvelad ganzraxuli hqonia statiidan gogonas saxelis amoReba, rac maT mogvianebiT mxedvelobidan gamorCaT.
gadawyvetileba: saCivari dakmayofilda.
motivacia: SecdomaSi Seyvanisa da Seviwroebis braldebasTan dakavSirebiT komisiam daaskvna, rom am ori punqtis gansaxilvelad sakmarisi
samxili ar arsebobda. SesaZloa, intervius micemis dros 14 wlis gogona
mTlianad ver afasebda situacias, magram mas danamdvilebiT unda
scodnoda, rom reportiorTan hqonda saqme, ramdenadac man sTxova
Jurnalists statiaSi misi saxeli da gvari ar moexsenebina.
rac Seexeba saCivris danarCen punqtebs, komisiam SeSfoTeba gamoTqva
imis gamo, rom reportiorma informacia gogonas arasrulwlovani megobrebisgan Seityo. igi agreTve aRaSfoTa im faqtma, rom respodentTan
pirveli saubari meurvis nebarTvis gareSe Sedga.
komisia daeTanxma mosarClis SeSfoTebas imis Taobaze, rom 14 wlis
gogonam ver Seafasa mosalodneli safrTxe da ganacxada, rom gazeTs
saagentoSi unda gadaemowmebina, hqonda Tu ara reportiors gogonas
mSoblebis an meurvis Tanxmoba.
komisiam aRiara, rom gazeTi ndobiT moekida saagentos mier mowodebul masalas da aRar Caatara damatebiTi gamoZieba imis Taobaze, Tu ra
garemoebebSi moxda informaciis mopoveba. amitom man sTxova gazeTis
xelmZRvanelobas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqcia bavSvebisagan intervius aRebis procedurisaTvis.
18 oqtomberi, 1996

142

3
7. SecdomaSi Seyvana

polin grini `deili eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa evroparlamentis wevris polin
grinis advokatma qalbatonma trampsma da deili eqspresi kodeqsis me11 muxlis (SecdomaSi Seyvana) darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
sarCelis Tanaxmad, ucnobi piri telefoniT daukavSirda qalbaton
grinis erT-erT mezobels da Tavi warudgina rogorc batonma soperma.
ucnobis TqmiT, igi awarmoebda sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevas avtomflobelobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da mezobels qalbaton grinis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli avtomanqanis Sesaxeb informacia sTxova. mezobelma mas
acnoba, rom parlamentis wevrs hyavda avtomobili folksvagen-kamperi.
es informacia meore dResve gamoqveynda eqspersSi.
amave sarCelis Tanaxmad, vinme soperma misi politikuri mrCevlis meuRlesac daureka da gamohkiTxa detalebi kunZul kviprosze gamarTuli
misi saqorwino ceremonialis Sesaxeb. eqspresSi es informaciac dauyovnebliv gamoqveynda.
mosarCleTa SefasebiT, gazeTma daarRvia kodeqsis normebi, rodesac
respondentebs daumala saubris namdvili mizani. maTive gancxadebiT,
informacia, romlis mopoveba Riadac SeiZleboda, sazogadoebrivi
interesis sagans ar warmoadgenda.
redaqciam pasuxad ganacxada, rom Jurnalisti saxelad soperi maT
StatSi saerTod ar iricxeboda da masala sainformacio wyaroze dayrdnobiT momzadda. redaqciam aseve miuTiTa kodeqsis normaze, romelic
maT sainformacio wyaros konfidencialurobis dacvas avaldebulebs.
redaqciam aRniSna isic, rom mogvianebiT gamoaqveyna masala, romelSic
miuTiTa informaciis mopovebis meTodi da amdenad maTi dadanaSauleba
kodeqsis me-11 muxlis darRvevaSi, araswori iqneboda. redaqciis azriT,
sazogadoebrivi interesi am sakiTxisadmi arsebobda, radgan grini evroparlamentSi didi britaneTis warmomadgeneli iyo da Tavis moRvaweobas am organoSi britaneli gadasaxadis gadamxdelebis xarjze axorcielebda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari ar dauWira.

143

motivacia: komisiam redaqciis yuradReba gaamaxvila kodeqsis preambulis im nawilze, romelSic naTqvamia, rom redaqtorebma da gamomcemlebma unda uzrunvelyon kodeqsis moTxovnaTa Sesruleba yvela
im piris mier, romelic maT gazeTs emsaxureba da publikaciebTan aris
dakavSirebuli, iqneba es Statiani Tu StatgareSe TanamSromeli.
konkretul saqmesTan mimarTebaSi komisiam aRniSna, rom meTodi, romelic gazeTma informaciis mosapoveblad gamoiyena iyo dasabuTebuli,
radgan sazogadoebrivi interesidan gamomdinareobda. sakiTxi sazogadoebrivi fondebis xarjvas Seexeboda da amdenad, mkiTxvels sruli ufleba
hqonda, amomwuravi informacia mieRo aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
23 aprili, 1999

emma mensoni `msoflio axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa qalbatonma emma mensonma, romelmac gaasaCivra msoflio ambebSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT
satanis krebuli _ codvis keraa. momCivanma publikacia praqtikis kodeqsis 1 (sizuste), pirveli muxlis me-4 punqtis (komentaris, mosazrebis da faqtis gamijvna), me-13 (diskriminacia), me-3 (piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba) da me-11 (SecdomaSi Seyvana) muxlebis darRvevad
Seafasa da ganacxada, rom statia iyo mikerZoebuli da Seuracxyofda
mis religiur grZnobebs.
statia dawera avtorma, romelic Tavis kolegasTan erTad sagamoZiebo
JurnalistikaSi muSaobda da romelmac aRniSnul krebuls, ritualze
SeRwevis mizniT, sakuTari Tavi maT mimdevarad warudgina. statiaSi aRwerili iyo orgiebi, Savi magiis da sxva arabunebrivi ritualebi, romlebSic alqajebi monawileobdnen. publikaciaSi sazarel ritualebSi
monawileni daxasiaTebuli iyvnen, rogorc satanis msaxurni.
mosarCle uaryofda amgvar qmedebebSi monawileobas da acxadebda,
rom is ar iyo Savi magiis mimdevari, ritualis dros tanze ar gauxdia da
saerTod, araferi icoda statiaSi moxseniebul adamianebsa da adgilebze.
redaqciam ganacxada, rom Jurnalistma gamoikvlia sakiTxi da mosarClesac esaubra krebulis wevrTa Sesaxeb. am saubrebidan Jurnalistma
gaarkvia, rom urcxvi qmedebebi damaxasiaTebeli iyo aRniSnuli krebulisaTvis da Tavadac ixila seqsualuri scenebi iq gamarTul orgiaze.
redaqciis SefasebiT, Jurnalistis mier profesiis argamxela, am
SemTxvevaSi aucilebloba iyo, radgan sxva gziT is am krebulSi ver
SeaRwevda, amdenad, Jurnalists ar daurRvevia kodeqsis me-11 muxlis

144

SecdomaSi Seyvana
norma. Jurnalists unda gamoeyenebina es gza, raTa Seemowmebina am
krebulis umaRlesi qurumis im gancxadebebis Sesabamisoba sinamdvilesTan, romelic qurumma ramodenime xniT adre sajarod gaakeTa interviuSi.
redaqcia ar iziarebda mosarClis pozicias imis Taobaze, rom misi saxelis moxsenieba am statiaSi usamarTlo iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom statiidan Canda, rom qalbatoni mTel rituals ar daswrebia.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam miiCnia, rom damkvidrebuli sazogadoebrivi azri
ar ganasxvavebs jadoqrobas da Sav magias satanis msaxurebisagan. es terminebi xSirad sinonimebadac ki ixmareba da maTi am konteqstSi moxsenieba
ar ewinaaRmdegeba kodeqsis normebs. komisiam aseve CaTvala, rom Jurnalistis mier sakuTari profesiis argamxela aucilebeli iyo am ritualze
SeRwevisaTvis.
komisiam aRniSna, rom radgan mosarCle qalbatoni monawileobda am
ritualSi, misi saxelis moxsenieba statiaSi ar SeiZleboda Sefasebuliyo pirad cxovrebaSi dausabuTebel Carevad.
komisiam cnobad miiRo mosarClis uaryofa orgiebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT da ganacxada, rom es iyo Jurnalistis xedva, romelic ritualis
monawileTa siSiSvlis gamo, iq myof Jurnalists Camouyalibda. komisiam
aRniSna is winaaRmdegoba, romelic Savi magiis faqtis dadgenas ukavSirdeba, Tumca am konkretul publikaciasTan mimarTebaSi gadawyvita, rom
statiaSi aRwerili iyo qmedeba, romelic SeiZleboda aRqmuli yofiliyo,
rogorc magiuri rituali.
27 oqtomberi, 1996

mamakaci `obzerveris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa tvidelSi mcxovrebma mamakacma,
romelmac ganacxada, rom Jurnalistma SecdomaSi Seyvanis gziT moipova
informacia da 1998 wlis ivlisSi gazeT obzerverSi gamoaqveyna statia,
saTauriT `iaraRis ostatma SeiaraRebis SejibrSi warmatebas miaRwia~.
mosarClis SefasebiT, Jurnalistma daarRvia praqtikis kodeqsis me-11
(SecdomaSi Seyvana) muxli, fotoebi, romelic gazeTma gamoaqveyna, me3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) da me-4 (Seviwroeba) muxlebis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
statiaSi naTqvami iyo, rom ostati muSaobda revolveris markaze, romelsac cecxlsasroli iaraRis Sesaxeb 1997 wlis aqti ar iTvaliswinebda
da rom xelisufleba aseTi iaraRis amoRebaze muSaobda. fotoebze gamosaxuli iyo ostati, romelic xeljoxs iqnevda.

145

mosarCle ostatma ganacxada, rom mas telefoniT daukavSirda pirovneba, romelmac Tavi iaraRis moyvarulad gaacno. mogvianebiT maTi saubris detalebi gazeTSi gamoqveynda. saRamos, rodesac aRniSnuli pirovneba mosarCles saxlSi fotokorespondentis TanxlebiT estumra, mxolod amis mere gaxda cnobili mosarClisaTvis, rom JurnalistTan hqonda
saqme. fotoebic swored mis saxlSi gadaiRes, ramac mosarCle wyobidan
gamoiyvana, suraTebze swored misi es mdgomareoba iyo asaxuli.
mosarCle aRiarebda, rom SesaZloa misi saqmianoba sazogadoebrivi
interesis sagani yofiliyo, Tumca informaciis mosapoveblad misi SecdomaSi Seyvana da vinaobis argamxela, mosarClis mtkicebiT, aucileblobas ar warmoadgenda. amis dasturi iyo gazeT skotlend on sandeisTvis
micemuli interviu, romelSic mosarCle daufaravad saubrobda Tavis
saqmianobaze. man ganacxada, rom mzad iyo esaubra am JurnalistTanac, am
ukanasknels normalurad rom miemarTa misTvis.
redaqciam pasuxad ganacxada, rom maRali rangis moxelem JurnalistTan saubrisas gamoTqva SeSfoTeba, rom adgili hqonda kanonisaTvis
gverdis avlis mcdelobas. Jurnalistma gadawyvita Jurnalisturi gamoZieba Caetarebina da gazeT skotlend on sandeiSi mosarClis saxels waawyda. mosarClesTan pirveli zari, redaqciis gancxadebiT, pirovnebis
identificirebas isaxavda miznad da `SecdomaSi Seyvanis erTgvari msubuqi~ forma iyo. korespondents `ar egona, Tu Tavisi profesiuli kuTvnilebis gamxelis SemTxvevaSi, mosarCle mas cecxlsasrol iaraRze
muSaobis faqts gaumxelda~, _ ganacxada redaqciam. gazeTi komisiis
yuradRebas amaxvilebda im faqtze, rom mosarClis saxlSi SesvlisTanave,
Jurnalistma Tavis vinaoba gaamJRavna.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam gaiziara mxareTa mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom
sakiTxi sazogadoebrivi interesis sagani iyo. amave dros komisiam aRniSna, rom misi gansjis mTavari Tema iyo is, dairRva Tu ara kodeqsis
norma SecdomaSi SeyvanasTan dakavSirebiT da arsebobda Tu ara informaciis mopovebis sxva gza.komisiam aRniSna, rom gazeTs ar ucdia informaciis sxva gziT mopoveba da pirdapir SecdomaSi Seyvanis `msubuqi~
forma gamoiyena, rogorc amas Tavad gazeTi afasebda. redaqciam ver
warmoadgina imis mtkicebulebebi, rom aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi es erTaderTi aucilebeli saSualeba iyo.
fotopublikaciebTan dakavSirebiT, komisiam ganacxada, rom sacxovrebel saxlSi anu kerZo teritoriaze fotogadaReba dasaSvebia mxolod
mflobelis nebarTviT. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi komisiam yuradReba
miapyro im garemoebas, rom fotoze asaxuli mosarCle imyofeboda sakuTari saxlis win arsebul baRSi, karebi iyo Ria da mas sajaro yuradRebisagan daculobis gonivruli molodini ar unda hqonoda. miuxedavad

146

SecdomaSi Seyvana

amisa, komisiam dauSveblad miiCnia am fotoebis gamoqveyneba, radgan masze

asaxuli iyo aRelvebuli mosarCle, xolo misi aRelvebis provocireba
Tavad Jurnalistebma moaxdines.
12 ivlisi, 1998

rkinigzis kompania `indifendentis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa rkinigzis kompaniis mediasTan
urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosma batonma kevin grouvsma da ganacxada,
rom gazeT indifendentSi 2002 wlis ianvarSi gamoqveynebuli statia,
saTauriT ra SemomTavazes pirveli gverdis statiis sanacvlod?,
ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-11 (SecdomaSi Seyvana) da 1 (sizuste) muxlebs.
statiis avtorebi ikvlevdnen gavrcelebul cnobas imis Taobaze, rom
erT-erTi cnobili mwerali, garkveuli anazRaurebis sanacvlod, saqebar
statiebs aqveynebda Tambaqos kompaniebis sasargeblod. indifendentis
Jurnalistma gadawyvita Jurnalisturi gamoZieba Caetarebina, raTa
gaerkvia, xom ar mimarTaven igive xerxs sxva kompaniebic, romelTac sazogadoebaSi arc Tu ise saxarbielo imiji aqvT. statiaSi naTqvami iyo, rom
rkinigzis kompaniis TanamSromeli qalbatoni, romelmac telefons upasuxa da moismina Jurnalistis SeTavazeba, aRSfoTebuli da Sokirebuli
Canda, Tumca Jurnalists ganucxada, rom mogvianebiT daukavSirdeboda.
mosarClem aRniSna, rom Jurnalists sakuTari vinaoba ar daumalavs,
Tumca icrua, rom mzad iyo, faruli garigebis safuZvelze da sazRauris
sanacvlod daewera pozitiuri statia kompaniaze. kompaniis xelmZRvaneloba dauyovnebliv daukavSirda redaqcias da momxdaris Sesaxeb
Seatyobina. mogvianebiT Tavad Jurnalisti daukavSirda kompaniis pressamsaxurs da bodiSi mouxada. man auxsna presmoxeles Tavisi ganzraxva
da satelefono zaris mizani. mas Semdeg, rac sabolood gamoqveynda sakmaod keTilganwyobili da erTgvarad mxiaruli masala, kompaniam miiCnia,
rom statiaSi daSvebuli iyo uzustoba, romelic kodeqsis normas ewinaaRmdegeboda. kerZod, publikaciaSi imis aRniSvna, rom Jurnalists
`mogvianebiT daukavSirdebodnen~, mkiTxvels SeeZlo aReqva ise, TiTqos kompania aseT urTierTobas ar gamoricxavda.
redaqciis SefasebiT, `Jurnalisti asrulebda mis movaleobas~ da
amdenad, man ar gaiziara SecdomaSi Seyvanis braldeba. redaqciam ganmarta, rom kompaniis TanamSromelma namdvilad uTxra Jurnalists, rom mas
mogvianebiT daukavSirdebodnen, magram raime miniSneba kompaniis saxeliT
werilis gamoqvenebaze ar yofila.

147

gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari dauWira.

motivacia: miuxedavad imisa, rom mosarClis mier aRwerili situacia
trivialurad gamoiyureba, komisiam miiCnia, rom es aris principiuli
sakiTxi, romelic Jurnalistis mier informaciis mopovebis meTodebs
ukavSirdeba.
komisiam aRniSna, rom gazeTs SesaZloa iumoristuli motivebi amoZravebda _ da komisiam marTlac dainaxa iumoris elementi am publikaciaSi
_ kompaniis pressamsaxuris SecdomaSi Seyvanas adgili mainc hqonda. ar
arsebobda dasabuTebuli sazogadoebrivi interesi, romelic gazeTis am
nabijs gaamarTlebda. komisiam gaiTvaliswina is garemoebac, rom miuxedavad kompaniis mier gadadgmuli swori nabijisa, mkiTxvels SesaZloa
gasCenoda azri, rom kompania ar gamoricxavda im garigebaSi Sesvlas,
romelsac Jurnalisti Tundac `gangeb~ sTavazobda.
29 ianvari, 2002

varun Singari `msoflio axali ambebis~ winaaRmdeg

sarCeli: komisias saCivriT mimarTa batonma varun Singarim, romlis
SefasebiT, 2001 wlis 28 ianvars msoflio axal ambebSi gamoqveynebuli
statia ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-11 muxls (SecdomaSi
Seyvana).
batonma Singarim ganacxada, rom statiaSi arasworad iyo aRwerili
misi samuSaoze ayvanis istoria. statiis Tanaxmad, parlamentis wevrma
kei vazma baton Singars araobieqturi sarekomendacio werili misca,
romelic am ukanasknelma samuSaoze mowyobis dros gamoiyena. batonma
Singarim sarCels daurTo dokumenti, romlis Tanaxmad, mas samuSaoze
ayvanis dros kei vazis rekomendacia saerTod ar gamouyenebia. batonma
Singarim aseve warmoadgina azieli biznesmenebis organizaciis werili,
romlis Tanaxmad, `batoni Singari uSualod TanamSromlobda baton
vazTan~ da parlamentis wevris saarCevno agentis werili, sadac naTqvami
iyo, rom `sarekomendacio werili gaica Riad da damsaxurebulad~.
batoni Singari Tavis saCivarSi aRwerda movlenebs, romlebic win uZRoda publikacias. misi gancxadebiT, mamamisma saxlis kari gauRo moqalaqes, romelmac ganacxada, rom surda Sexvedroda da dalaparakeboda
baton vazs samsaxuris dawyebis Taobaze. batonma Singarim ganucxada ucnobs, rom axlos ar icnobda baton vazs da is mxolod erTxel hyavda
nanaxi. ucnobi dabrunda meore dRes da rCevisaTvis madloba gadauxada
baton Singars. man aseve sTxova eswavlebina gza birmingemisaken. mo-

148

SecdomaSi Seyvana

sarClem mogvianebiT Seityo, rom rogorc ki Tavis saxlis win arsebul

baRSi Seabija, mas is fotoebi gadauRes, romelic mogvianebiT Tan daerTo aRniSnul publikacias.
meore reportiorma baton Singars SuadReze miakiTxa. man ganacxada,
rom hqonda Canaweri, sadac batoni Singari acxadebda, rom ar icnobda
baton vazs da ramdenime SekiTxva dausva mis samsaxurSi ayvanasTan dakavSirebiT. batonma Singarim reportiors ganucxada, rom ar gamouyenebia
batoni vazis sarekomendacio werili imJamindeli samsaxuris mosapoveblad, mosarClis mtkicebiT, mas ar mieca saSualeba, eTqva, rom xuTi weliwadia, rac baton vazs icnobda da araerT RonisZiebaSi hqonda miRebuli monawileoba masTan erTad. batoni vazic acxadebda, rom icnobda
mosarCles, romlis saxeli daintersebulma Jurnalistma `arasworad
warmoTqva~.
redaqciam, pasuxad ganacxada, rom `SecdomaSi Seyvanis~ meTodi anu
Jurnalistis mier sakuTari vinaobis argamxela aucilebeli iyo informaciis mosapoveblad. sakiTxi sazogadoebrivi interesis sferos ganekuTvneboda, radgan Jurnalisti ikvlevda imas, gasca Tu ara maRali rangis saxelmwifo moxelem rekomendacia pirze, romelsac is praqtikulad
ar icnobda. amonaweridan, romelic Jurnalistma warmoadgina, mkafiod
ikiTxeboda gancxadeba _ `me baton vazs kargad ar vicnob... erTi-orjer
myavs nanaxi da man daxasiaTeba momca~. redaqciam aseve warmoadgina
statiaSi dasaxelebuli leiboristuli partiis presmdivnis gancxadebis
transkripti, romelSic presmdivani kategoriulad uaryofda parlamentis wevrisa da baton Singaris nacnobobas. es moxda mas Semdeg, rac
baton vazs mosarClis saxeli damarcvliT warudgines.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: komisiam ganacxada, rom Jurnalistebi sazogadoebrivi interesebidan gamomdinare moqmedebdnen da es amarTlebda informaciis
mopovebis formas. es principi daculia praqtikis kodeqsiT. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi saqme Seexeboda mniSvnelovan sakiTs: gasca Tu ara maRali rangis saxelmwifo moxelem sarekomendacio werili pirovnebaze,
romelsac cudad icnobda.
mxareebi aRiarebdnen, rom parlamentis wevrma sarekomendacio werili
gasca. saqme is iyo, rom jer mosarClem ganacxada, rom praqtikulad ar
icnobda parlamentis wevrs, Semdgom ki parlamentis wevrma uaryo mosarClesTan nacnoboba. amdenad, komisiam miiCnia, rom informaciis mosapoveblad Jurnalistebis mier vinaobis argamxelis anu SecdomaSi Seyvanis meTodis gamoyeneba, dasabuTebuli iyo.
rac Seexeba mosarClis gancxadebas, rom mas es sarekomendacio werili
ar gamouyenebia, komisiam mniSvnelovnad Tavad aseTi werilis arsebobis
faqti da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoyenebis SesaZlebloa miiCnia da da-

149

eTanxma redaqcias, rom statia ar iZleoda kodeqsis darRvevaSi dadanaSaulebis safuZvels.

28 ianvari, 2001

jil faldo `sanis~ winaaRmdeg

sarCeli: jil faldom sanis winaaRmdeg sabWoSi saCivari Seitana da
gazeTis Jurnalisti me-11 muxlis (SecdomaSi Seyvana) darRveviT mis
Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebaSi daadanaSaula.
momCivanma ganacxada, rom Jurnalisti mis saxlSi maSin gamocxadda,
roca Tavad sazRvargareT imyofeboda. man moatyua mosamsaxure, TiTqosda is q-n faldos megobari iyo, SeapatiJebina Tavi saxlSi da mosarClis axali saxlis Sesaxeb informaciac dastyua mas. sul male gazeTSi
daibeWda statia, romelSic detalurad iyo aRwerili saxli da aRniSnuli iyo misi Rirebulebac. mosarCle acxadebda, rom statia misi piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
redaqciis gancxadebiT, marTalia Jurnalists araferi uTqvams Tavisi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb, magram amis Taobaze misTvis arc aravis ukiTxavs.
mas arc is ganucxadebia, rom q-n faldos megobari iyo.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiisaTvis cxadi iyo, rom Jurnalistma Tavisi profesiis damalvis gziT SecdomaSi Seiyvana mosamsaxure qali, romelsac araviTari safuZveli hqonda efiqra, rom JurnalistTan hqonda saqme. komisiam mosarClis pretenzia safuZvlianad miiCnia.
11 ianvari, 2001

150

8. kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda

presis saCivrebis komisia `gardianis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: presis saCivrebis komisiam Seiswavla sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad
Seesabameboda gardianis mier 2003 wlis 7 aprils gamoqveynebuli masalis
mopovebis meTodebi kodeqsis me-17 (kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda)11
muxlis moTxovnebs.
gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, saTauriT `CemTan SedarebiT, is damwyebi
TaRliTia~, romelSic asaxuli iyo patimar jon uiliamsis dRiuris epizodebi. uiliamsi am sapatimro dawesebulebaSi lord jefri arCerTan erTad
imyofeboda da statiaSi aRwerili iyo maTi Sexvedris detalebi, agreTve
karceris yoveldRiuroba da mis mimarT sxva patimarTa damokidebuleba.
komisiam SekiTxviT mimarTa redaqcias, raTa daedgina, miiRo Tu ara
avtorma anazRaureba aRniSnuli publikaciisaTvis. komisiam mosTxova
redaqcias, daesabuTebina sazogadoebrivi interesis xarisxi aRniSnuli
Temisadmi da Tu anazRaureba gaica, amis aucileblobac aexsna.
redaqciam komisias acnoba, rom baton uiliams standartuli Jurnalisturi honorari gadauxades, radgan is iyo avtori da Tavs weriT irCenda. sajaro interesTan mimarTebaSi redaqciam ganacxada, rom sapatimro dawesebulebaSi lord arCeris yofnis detalebi sazogadoebis did
nawils ainteresebda, radgan arsebobda braldebebi mis mimarT privilegiuri damokidebulebis Sesaxeb da am sakiTxis gamokvleva sazogadoebis
interess warmoadgenda. redaqciis azriT, jon uiliamsis dRiuris gamoqveyneba iyo unikaluri Sansi sazogadoebisaTvis, raTa mieRo informacia
pirvelwyarodan anu im adamianisgan, romelsac uSualo Sexeba hqonda
lord arCeris yoveldRiur yofasTan sapatimroSi. imave dros, gazeTma
komisiis yuradReba miapyro im garemoebas, rom lordma arCerma gamosca
wigni, romelSic is sapatimroSi misi cxovrebis simZimes aRwerda, baton
uiliamsis dRiuris gamoqveyneba ki Sedarebis saSualebas iZleoda.
redaqciam presis saCivrebis komisiis yuradReba komisiis wina gadawyvetilebebsac miapyro, romelTa Tanaxmad, `praqtikis kodeqsi ar aris
Seqmnili imisaTvis, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi, ganurCevlad obieqturi
viTarebisa, samudamod aukrZalos gasamrjelos miReba im pirebs, rom-

151

lebic kriminaluri qmedebebisaTvis iyvnen msjavrdebulni~. redaqcia

Tvlida, rom maTi gamtyuneba gazeTis saqmianobaSi Careva da batoni uiliamsisaTvis adamianis uflebaTa 1998 wlis aqtiT miniWebuli, azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva iqneboda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam sarCeli daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiam daadastura, rom kodeqsi ar iyo Seqmnili imisaTvis, rom aekrZala redaqciebisTvis honoraris gadaxda maTTvis, vinc
odesme marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebebisaTvis iyo msjavrdebuli. komisiam ganacxada, rom kanoni adgens reabilitaciis normas, romelic komisiis azriT yvela adamians exeba. kodeqsi aseve ar ukrZalavs msjavrdebul pirovnebas, weros sakiTxze, romelic mis danaSauls ar ukavSirdeba.
ufro metic, komisiam ganacxada, rom dauSvebelia, aekrZalos pirovnebas
sapatimroebSi arsebul mdgomareobasa da am sistemaSi mTavrobis politikis Sesaxeb sakuTari azris gamoTqmis ufleba imis gamo, rom isini Tavad
arian an adre yofilan msjavrdebuli.
komisiam aseve gaiziara gardianis pozicia sakuTriv gazeTisa da baton uiliamsis azris gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan da sityvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis dauSveblobasTan dakavSirebiT.
gazeTis mimarT komisiis pretenzia iyo ara is, rom gazeTma fuli gadauxada patimars statiisaTvis, romelSic saubari iqneboda sapatimro
adgilebSi arsebul mdgomareobaze (rac SesaZloa, sazogadoebis interesebSi yofiliyo), aramed is, rom redaqciam daafinansa cudi reputaciis
lord arCeris oportunistuli publikacia. sagulisxmo iyo isic, rom
patimarma sargebeli miiRo imis gamo, rom danaSaulisaTvis sasjels ixdida da mxolod amitom mieca saSualeba Tvali edevnebina lord arCeris
cxovrebisaTvis sapatimroSi. komisiis azriT, es viTareba warmoSobda
winaaRmdegobas kodeqsis me-17 muxlTan mimarTebaSi.
sakiTxisadmi sazogadoebrivi interesis arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT
komisiam ganacxada, rom statiaSi aRwerili detalebi (magaliTad,
patimarTa gayvana sxva oTaxSi, rodesac lordi arCeri sakanSi mihyavdaT
an misi kveba sxva patimrebTan erTad) ar iyo mniSvnelovani da ar asaxavda
sazogadoebisTvis saintereso movlenebs. komisiam miiCnia, rom publikacia ufro saxasiaTo narkvevi iyo, vidre sainformacio statia.
komisiam ar gaiziara redaqciis argumenti, rom publikacia lord arCeris im wignis sapirwoned gamoqveynda, romelSic es ukanaskneli cixeSi
Tavis duxWir yofas aRwerda. komisiam yuradReba gaamaxvila imaze, rom
aRniSnul wignSi aRwerili iyo sul sxva, gansakuTrebuli reJimis sapatimro dawesebuleba. cxadi iyo, rom am dawesebulebaSi gansxvavebuli
pirobebi iqneboda.
komisiam aRniSna, rom sxva gazeTebSi ameve sakiTxze gamoqveynebul
statiebze apelireba redaqciis mxridan naTlad metyvelebda ara marto

152

kriminalebisTvis
Tanxis gadaxda
imaze, rom sakiTxisadmi sazogadoebrivi interesi arsebobda, aramed
imazec, rom SesaZlebeli iyo masalebis mopoveba kriminalTaTvis fuladi
anazRaurebis gareSe. arc erT sxva gazeTs kriminalebisaTvis fuli ar
gadauxdia. es iyo damatebiTi argumenti imisa, rom informaciis mopoveba,
kriminalTaTvis fulis gadaxdis gareSec SeiZleboda, xolo arc gazeTi
da arc batoni uiliamsi TavianT uflebebSi SezRudulebi ar iyvnen. baton uiliamss SeeZlo daewera, xolo gazeTs gamoeqveynebina dRiuri, yovelgvari anazRaurebis gareSe.
7 aprili, 2003

roderik makfarkueri `gardianis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: batonma roderik makfarkuerma saCivriT mimarTa komisias
da ganacxada, rom 1996 wlis seqtemberSi gazeT gardianSi gamoqveynebuli
statia praqtikis kodeqsis me-17 (kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda) muxlis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
mosarClis SefasebiT, gazeTSi fragmentebis gamoqveyneba skandalurad cnobili narkodileris, batoni marqsis wignidan ewinaaRmdegeboda
kodeqss, radgan es iyo, erTis mxriv, kriminalisaTvis fulis gadaxda da
meores mxriv, misi wignisa da Tavad misi popularizaciisaTvis xelSewyoba. mosarClis mtkicebiT, gazeTma saSualeba misca `pirovnebas, romelmac adre sazogadoebis didi nawilis guliswyroma daimsaxura,
moepovebina fuli da miepyro sazogadoebis yuradReba~.
gazeTma uaryo braldeba, rom man raime Tanxa gadauxada baton markss.
redaqciis gancxadebiT, maT gadauxades 3 000 girvanqa sterlingi wignis
gamomcemels, romelmac batoni marksis teqstebis serializacia unda moaxdinos `da ar arsebobs garantia imisa, rom Tavad batoni marqsi, am
saqmidan finansur sargebels miiRebs~. redaqciam aseve aRniSna is, rom
praqtikis kodeqsi ukrZalavs redaqciebs im kriminalTaTvis (da maTTan
dakavSirebuli pirebisaTvis) Tanxis gadaxdas, romlebic sasjels ixdian.
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi ki, batoni marqsi Tavisuflebaze imyofeboda
da ramdenadac redaqciisaTvis iyo cnobili, narkotikebis kontrabandasTan araviTari kavSiri aRar hqonda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiis gancxadebiT, praqtikis kodeqsis me-17 muxli ar
ukrZalavs redaqcias gadauxados anazRaureba pirovnebas, romelic
odesme sasjels ixdida. komisiam aseve aRniSna, rom batonma marksma sasjeli moixada da misi publikacia kodeqsis normebs ar ewinaaRmdegeboda.
2 seqtemberi, 1996

153

martinebi `Teik breiqis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: batonma da qalbatonma T. martinebma mimarTes komisias da
gaaprotestes Teiq breiqSi gamoqveynebuli masala, romelic erTi msjavrdebuli qalbatonis cxovrebis istorias Seexeboda. mosarCleTa mtkicebiT, am qalbatonisaTvis 200 girvanqa sterlingis gadaxda ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-17 muxls (kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda).
statiaSi moTxrobili iyo erTi qalbatonis ambavi, romelic cixis hospitalSi momvlelad muSaobda da iq gaicno patimari, romelTanac samijnuro urTierToba gaaba. mogvianebiT, am qalbatonis daxmarebiT, patimari
cixidan gaiqca da masTan erTad kontinentze dasaxlda. statiaSi aRwerili iyo maTi gaqcevisa da dapatimrebis detalebi. publikaciis gamoqveynebis momentisaTvis es qalbatoni, gaqcevis xelSewyobisaTvis didi
britaneTis erT-erT cixeSi ixdida sasjels.
mosarCle mxares am qalbatonis megobris mier mokluli axalgazrda
kacis mSoblebi warmoadgendnen. isini aprotestebdnen qalbatonisaTvis
statiis sazRauris gadaxdis faqts.
redaqciis azriT, qalbatoni ar iyo miCneuli kriminalur pirovnebad
da misi istoria ufro `romantiul~ xasiaTs atarebda. maTive mtkicebiT,
is 200 girvanqa sterlingi, romelic redaqciam msjavrdebuls gadauxada,
iyo im drois sazRauri, romelic am qalbatonTan interviusa da fotos
gadaRebaze daixarja. redaqcias miaCnda, rom es iyo statia, romelic adamianur sisustes Seexeboda da Sors idga kriminaluri samyarosgan. maTive
mtkicebiT, statiis sazogadoebrivi Rirebuleba iyo is, rom masSi aRwerili iyo administraciuli sistemis is naklovanebebi, romelmac saSualeba misca wyvils, kavSiri daemyarebinaT da gaqceuliyvnen.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiam ganacxada, rom qalbatons, rogorc mkiTxvels,
ufleba hqonda SeeTavazebina redaqciisaTvis sakuTari istoria, rogorc
amas aTasobiT mkiTxveli akeTebs. Tumca redaqciam daarRvia praqtikis
kodeqsi, rodesac fuli gadauxada msjavrdebuls, radganac me-17 muxli
kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxdas krZalavs. amavdroulad, komisiam ganacxada, rom am istoriisadmi gansakuTrebuli interesi sazogadoebis
mxridan ar SeiniSneboda.
15 maisi, 1997

jeison koli `sandei sportis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT batonma jeison kolma mimarTa. misi SefasebiT, 1999 wlis noemberSi sandei sportma gamoaqveyna statia, romelic

154

kriminalebisTvis
Tanxis gadaxda

praqtikis kodeqsis me-17 (kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda) muxls

ewinaaRmdegeboda.
mosarClis mtkicebiT, statia, saTauriT 3-santimetriani marcxi arRvevda praqtikis kodeqsiT dadgenil normas. statia eyrdnoboda kriminalis yofili megobari gogonas intervius. Tavad kriminali mosarClis
deidis mkvlelobisaTvis ixdida sarCels. publikacia maTi seqsualuri
cxovrebis detalebs aRwerda.
mosarClis gancxadebiT, qalma am publikaciisaTvis 500 girvanqa sterlingi miiRo. mosarCles miaCnda, rom araviTari sazogadoebrivi interesi
honoraris gadaxdas ar amarTlebda.
redaqciis gancxadebiT, es Tanxa iyo anazRaureba im xarjisa, romelic
qalbatonma publikaciis momzadebis procesSi gaiRo da aseve im miuRebeli Semosavlebisa, romelic man gazeTis TanamSromlebTan urTierTobis dros dakarga.
mosarClis gancxadebiT, aRniSnuli qalbatoni intervius micemis
dros, umuSavari iyo da Sesabamisad, raime miuRebel Semosavalze saubari
ar SeiZleboda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivari daakmayofila.
motivacia: komisiis SefasebiT, publikacia kodeqsis moTxovnebs ewinaaRmdegeboda. komisiam ganacxada, rom anazRaurebis gacema kriminalebze dasaSvebia mxolod maSin, rodesac gansaxilveli Tema sazogadoebis
interesis sagania da rodesac informaciis mopovebis sxva saSualeba ar
arsebobs. aseT SemTxvevebSi komisia ar gansjis imas, Tu ris sanacvlod
gaica Tanxa. qalbatoni dakavSirebuli iyo mkvlelTan da es kriminaluri
qmedeba ganapirobebda mis mimarT redaqciis interess ise, rom sazogadoebrivi interesi am saqmisadmi ar yofila. yovel SemTxvevaSi, redaqciam
ver warmoadgina aseTi interesis arsebobis damamtkicebeli argumentebi.
komisiam gaiziara mosarClis guliswyroma publikaciasTan dakavSirebiT da redaqciis mier kodeqsis normebis darRveva daadastura.
7 noemberi, 1999

155

9. pasuxis ufleba

moZRvari pet brauni

`noTingem ivning postis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa mRvdelma pet braunma, romelmac
gaaprotesta gazeT noTingem ivning postSi 1997 wlis dekemberSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `mRvdelma sakuTari Svili policiaSi
daabezRa~. mosarClis mtkicebiT, aRniSnuli statia arRvevda praqtikis
kodeqsis 1 (sizuste), me-2 (pasuxis ufleba)12, me-3 (piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba) da me-13 (diskriminacia) muxlebs.
mosarCle uaryofda imas, rom misi ojaxis wevrebma sakuTari qaliSvili policiaSi daabezRes da acxadebda, rom foto da savaraudo interviu
redaqcias TviTmarqvia respondentma miawoda. mosarClem aradamakmayofileblad miiCnia redaqtoris winadadeba dauyovnebliv gamoeqveynebina
Sesworeba da bodiSi TviTmarqvia respondentTan dakavSirebiT, xolo
momdevno nomerSi daebeWda saredaqcio statia am sakiTxze.
redaqtorma komisiis yuradReba miapyro im garemoebas, rom igi mzad
iyo dauyovnebliv gaesworebina Secdoma da ganemarta mkiTxvelisaTvis,
rom informacia policiis konfidencialuri wyarodan momdinareobda.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam mxari dauWira saCivars kodeqsis 1 da me-2
muxlebTan mimarTebaSi.
motivacia: komisiam aRniSna, rom kodeqsi icavs informaciis wyaros
konfidencialurobas, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi, ar arsebobda mtkicebuleba
imisa, rom mRvdlis ojaxma sakuTari qaliSvili policiaSi daabezRa. komisiam kmayofilebiT aRniSna redaqtoris mzadyofna, gamoeqveynebina Sesworeba TviTmarqvia respondentTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca braldebis simZimidan gamomdinare, es damakmayofilebel zomad ar miiCnia.
komisiam iqve aRniSna, rom publikaciaSi im sasamarTlo procesis detalebis aRwera, romelzec mRvdlis qaliSvils narkotikebis moxmarebaSi edeboda brali, pirad cxovrebaSi Carevad ver CaiTvleboda, iseve rogorc
sajaro procesze sasuliero wodebis moxsenieba ver Sefasdeboda religiuri
grZnobebis Seuracxyofad anu kodeqsis me-3 da me-13 muxlebis darRvevad.
20 dekemberi, 1997

156

10. saavadmyofoebi

daglas brauni `sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: komisias saCivriT mimarTa ramptonis hospitalis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris xelmZRvanelma batonma braunma, romlis SefasebiT, gazeT sanSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `ormagi
mkvleli makdonaldsSi seirnobs~ iyo piradi cxovrebis xelyofa da
ewinaaRmdegeboda praqtikis kodeqsis me-3 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba), me-9 (saavadmyofoebi) da me-13 (diskriminacia) muxlebs.
statia Seexeboda gansakuTrebuli reJimis hospitalis pacients, romelsac direqciam neba darTo mcire xniT, ori eqTnis TanxlebiT gasuliyo qalaqSi sayidlebze. mosarClis mtkicebiT, gamoqveynebuli fotoebi da masala, romelSic pacienti moxseniebuli iyo, rogorc pirovneba,
romelmac `ori qirurgi sanadiro daniT akuwa~, iyo pirad cxovrebaSi
Careva, saavadmyofosa da mkurnalobis specifikuri detalebis dausabuTeblad sajarod warmoCena, rac ewinaaRmdegeboda kodeqsis me-9
muxls. statiaSi aseve gadmocemuli iyo maRaziis TanamSromelTa da pacientis msxverplTa naTesavebis komentarebi.
mosarCle aseve aprotestebda pacientis daxasiaTebisas sityva `fsixis~ gamoyenebas, radgan es sityva ar asaxavda pacientis daavadebis samedicino maxasiaTebels da naxmari iyo misi Seuracxyofis mizniT. mosarClis gancxadebiT, hospitalis yvela pacients hqonda piradi cxovrebis
dacvis Tanabari ufleba.
redaqciam ganacxada, rom statiisa da fotoebis gamoqveyneba sazogadoebrivi interesebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom sityva `fsixi~ Seesabameboda pirovnebas, romelmac ori adamiani imsxverpla. redaqciis SefasebiT, saavadmyofos xelmZRvaneloba Tavis argumentacias agebda mcdar
koncefciaze, rom es pacienti presis mier ganxiluli unda yofiliyo
iseve, rogorc hospitalis nebismieri sxva kanonmorCili pacienti. gazeTis xelmZRvaneloba acxadebda, rom pacients gasaTavisufleblad amzadebdnen da sazogadoebas hqonda ufleba, scodnoda es.
gadawyvetileba: komisiam saCivars mxari ar dauWira.
motivacia: piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobasTan dakavSirebiT ko-

157

misiam aRniSna, rom pacienti gaiyvanes qalaqSi, anu sajaro adgilas, sadac
mas privatulobis gonivruli molodini ar hqonoda. amdenad, misTvis
fotos gadaReba pirad cxovrebaSi Carevad da kodeqsis darRvevad ver
Sefasdeboda. komisiam aseve ar gaiziara mosazreba imasTan dakavSirebiT,
rom statia Seicavda zedmet detalebs pacientis mkurnalobis Sesaxeb.
komisiam aRniSna, rom iseT danaSaulebze werisas, romelic mkvlelobebsa da sxva mZime kriminalur qmedebebs ukavSirdeba, presa xSirad mimarTavs mkveTr gamoTqmebs, iseTebs, rogoric aris Sizofreniki, fsixi, miuxedavad imisa, Seesabameba Tu ara es Sefasebebi samedicino diagnozebs. amdenad, komisiam am gamonaTqvamebSi kodeqsTan Seusabamoba ver
aRmoaCina.
amave dros, komisiam isargebla SemTxveviT da am konkretuli saqmis
konteqstis miRma, Seaxsena redaqtorebs frTxili midgomis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, romelic sxva SemTxvevebSi suliT avadmyofTa mimarT unda
gamoiCinon.
10 ivnisi, 1999

sqolio:
1

5)

15. konfidencialuri wyaroebi:

gamocemebma unda gaaSuqon

Jurnalistis moraluri valdebulebaa,

samarTlianad da zustad

daicvas informaciis wyaros

sasamarTlo saqme, romelSic Tavad

konfidencialuroba.
2

1. sizuste:
1)

gazeTebma da sxva periodulma

gamocemebma ar unda gamoaqveynon

gamodiodnen mxared.
3

13. diskriminacia
1)

gamonaTqvamebs pirovnebis rasis,

saxis informaciebi, maT Soris

kanis feris, religiis, sqesis,

fotoebi, romelTac SecdomaSi

seqsualuri orientaciis, nebismieri

SehyavT mkiTxveli.

cnobili gaxdeba misi arseboba.

Sesworeba unda gakeTdes
Tanazomadi formiT.
3)

bodiSi unda daibeWdos saTanado

adgilze.

4)

gazeTebma mkveTrad unda gamijnon

erTmaneTisagan komentari, varaudi
da faqti.

158

fizikuri Tu gonebrivi daavadebis,

daSvebuli uzustoba unda

gaswordes maSinve, rogorc ki

presa unda moeridos

Seuracxmyofel da damakninebel

arazusti, damaxinjebuli an iseTi

2)

gazeTebma da sxva periodulma

an naklis Sesaxeb.
2)

presa unda moeridos pirovnebis

rasis, kanis feris, religiis,
seqsualuri orientaciis, fizikuri
Tu gonebrivi daavadebis, an sxva
raime naklis miTiTebas, Tu amas
pirdapiri kavSiri ara aqvs
gadmosacem ambavTan.

3)

3. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

1)

rom misi TanamSromlebi

nebismieri adamianis piradi da

akmayofileben am moTxovnebs. man

ojaxuri cxovreba, sacxovrebeli

aseve ar unda gamoaqveynos sxva

saxli, janmrTeloba da piradi

wyaroebidan miRebuli masalebi, Tu

mimowera xelSeuvalia. publikaciaSi

isini ar akmayofileben am

dasabuTebuli unda iyos nebismieri

moTxovnebs.

pirovnebis pirad cxovrebaSi

daukiTxavad SeWris aucilebloba.
2)

miuRebelia calkeuli pirebisTvis

redaqtori darwmunebuli unda iyos,

6. bavSvebi
1)

teleobieqtiviT fotosuraTis

skolaSi yofnis periodSi

gadaReba kerZo adgilebSi, Tu ar

axalgazrdebi daculi unda iyvnen

arsebobs Tavad am pirTa Tanxmoba.

maT cxovrebaSi arasasurveli

Carevisagan.

SeniSvna: kerZo adgili

2)

warmoadgens sajaro an kerZo sa

Jurnalistebma ar unda aiRon

kuTrebas, sadac piradi cxovrebis

interviu da ar unda gadauRon

xelSeuxeblobis dasabuTebuli

suraTi 16 wlamde asakis bavSvebs

molodini arsebobs.

Tavad maTi mSoblis an bavSvze

pasuxismgebeli piris Tanxmobis

gareSe, rodesac sakiTxi bavSvis

sxvis mwuxarebasa da sulier

keTildReobis Temas Seexeba.

gancdebSi SeWra: saWiroa sifrTxilisa

3)

da TanagrZnobis gamoCena im

gareSe dauSvebelia skolaSi myof

SemTxvevebis gaSuqebisas, romlebic

moswavlesTan kontaqti, an misTvis

pirovnul mwuxarebasa da sulier

suraTis gadaReba.

gancdebs ukavSirdeba. Tumca ar unda

4)

moxdes am normis interpretireba,

dauSvebelia arasrulwlovanebisTvis,
maTi mSoblebis an meurveebisTvis

rogorc erTgvari SezRudva

materialuri sazRauris gadaxda,

samarTlebrivi procesebis gaSuqebaze.

6

skolis xelmZRvanelobis Tanxmobis

maTi Svilebis an aRsazrdelebis

Sesaxeb masalis mopovebis mizniT, im

Seviwroeba:
1)

SemTxvevebis garda, roca aSkaraa,

Jurnalistebma da

rom es Tavad bavSvis interesSia.

fotoreportiorebma ar unda

2)

5)

dauSvebelia bavSvis piradi

moipovon da arc unda ecadnon

cxovrebis Sesaxeb masalis

informaciisa da fotosuraTis

gamoqveyneba mxolod misi mSoblebis

mopovebas daSinebis, Seviwroebis an

avtoritetis, cnobadobis, an

mizanmimarTuli devnis gziT.

sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis gamo.

maT ar unda gadauRon daukiTxavad

fotoebi calkeul individebs kerZo
adgilebSi, rogorc es me-3 muxliTaa
gansazRvruli; uaris Tqmis Semdeg
ar unda Seawuxon pirovneba
satelefono zarebiT da SekiTxvebiT;
unda datovon kerZo adgili mas
Semdeg, rac maT amis Sesaxeb

8. mosasmeni saSualebebi: Jurnalistebi

ar unda ecadon, moipovon da
gamoaqveynon masala, romelic
mopovebulia faruli mosasmeni
saSualebebiT, an kerZo satelefono
saubris mosmenis gziT.

miuTiTeben;

159

11. SecdomaSi Seyvana:

1)

2)

3)

11

kriminalebisTvis Tanxis gadaxda:

Jurnalistebs ara aqvT ufleba,

dauSvebelia ambis, suraTis an

moipovon informacia an

informaciis mopovebis sanacvlod

fotosuraTebi araswori gaSuqebis

Tanxis SeTavazeba an gadaxda

an motyuebis gziT.

gasamarTlebuli an danaSaulSi

dokumentebis, an fotosuraTebis

mxilebuli kriminalebisTvis an maTTan

amoReba SesaZlebelia mxolod

daaxloebuli pirebisTvis (rac SeiZleba

mesakuTris nebarTviT.

moicavdes ojaxis wevrebs, megobrebs,

araswori gaSuqebis dasabuTeba

kolegebs), garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca

SesaZlebelia mxolod sazogadoebis

informaciis gamoqveyneba aucilebel

interesis gaTvaliswinebiT da maSin,

sazogadoebriv interess warmoadgens da

rodesac am masalis mopoveba

risTvisac gardauvalia Tanxis gadaxda.

sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia.
12
10

pasuxis ufleba: daSvebul uzustobaze

9. saavadmyofoebi:

pasuxis gacemis saSualeba unda mieces

1)

Jurnalistebma da

pirovnebebs da organizaciebs, Tu aseTi

fotoreportiorebma unda

moTxovna dasabuTebuli da

moaxdinon sakuTari vinaobis

samarTliania.

identificireba saavadmyofoebisa
da sxva samkurnalo dawesebulebebis
pasuxismgebel pirebTan da maTi
Tanxmobis gareSe ar Sevidnen
arasajaro teritoriaze.
2)

pirad cxovrebaSi SeWris SezRudva

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
saavadmyofoebsa da sxva samkurnalo
dawesebulebebSi myof individebTan
mimarTebaSi.

160

161

162

Sinaarsi

Sesavali

165

estoneTis presis sabWo

165

1. sizuste

167

tartus universitetis eTikis komisia

da eps kgb-s falsificirebuli
siebis gamoqveynebis winaaRmdeg

167

estoneTis presis sabWo

mcdari saTauris winaaRmdeg

168

2. media da saxelmwifo

169

saxelmwifo `rava heelis~ winaaRmdeg

169

brZola Jurnalistebis usamarTlo

akreditaciis winaaRmdeg

170

3. informaciis wyaro
estoneTis presis sabWo
policiis winaaRmdeg
4. reklama
estoneTis presis sabWo
faruli reklamis winaaRmdeg
5. reputacia

171
171
172
172
173

mosamarTle presis winaaRmdeg

parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa
komitetis Tavmjdomare
`otulehis~ winaaRmdeg

174

biznesmeni `esti eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

174

6. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

173

176

mesakuTre SecdomaSi Seyvanis winaaRmdeg 176

ministri `esti eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg
177

7. danaSaulis gaSuqeba
sagzao policia
radiosadgurebis winaaRmdeg

178
178

163

164

Sesavali
estoneTis presis sabWo

estoneTis presis sabWo 1991 wels estoneTis

gazeTebis asociaciam daafuZna da mas safuZvlad
fineTis gamocdileba daedo. sabWos mizania sityvis Tavisuflebis dacva; mediis winaaRmdeg Sesuli saCivrebis ganxilva, Jurnalisturi profesionalizmis xelSewyoba.
1997 wels ramodenime mediaorganizaciam gadawyvita, Caetarebina sabWos reorganizacia. kerZo
SeTanxmebis safuZvelze gazeTebis asociaciam, mauwyebelTa asociaciam, JurnalistTa kavSirma, mediis ganmanaTlebelTa kavSirma da momxmarebelTa
kavSirma daafuZnes arasamTavrobo organizacia. am
gaerTianebaSi amJamad aseve warmodgenilia estoneTis arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli, estoneTis eklesiaTa sabWo da arasamTavrobo organizacia media uordogi.
2001 wels sabWom ganicada rogorc organizaciuli, aseve konceptualuri kataklizmi. redaqtorebisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda sabWos mxridan
gamoTqmuli kritika, ris Sedegadac gazeTebis asociacia organizaciidan gavida, mogvianebiT mas mauwyebelTa asociaciac mihyva. Tumca, miuxedavad
amisa, sabWo ganagrZobs saqmianobas, rogorc TviTregulirebis organo maTTvis, vinc mas aRiarebs da
amavdroulad awvdis eqspertul mosazrebebs farTo sazogadoebas mediis profesionalizmTan dakavSirebiT.

165

amJamad sabWoSi 1 Jurnalisti, 2 media asociaciis menejeri, 4 akademiuri wris, 1 momxmarebelTa

kavSiris warmomadgeneli da 1 mRvdeli, anu sul 9
wevria.
sabWo saCivrebs 1997 wels miRebuli estoneTis
eTikis kodeqsis safuZvelze ganixilavs. kodeqsis
miRebamde ki sabWo davebs saerTaSoriso tradiciebisa da misi wevrebis gamocdilebis safuZvelze
wyvetda.

166

1. sizuste

tartus universitetis eTikis komisia da eps kgb-s

falsificirebuli siebis gamoqveynebis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: erT-erTma gazeTma moipova rusulenovani sia, romelic moicavda sakmaod cnobili adamianebis CamonaTvals. siis Tanaxmad, es adamianebi TanamSromlobdnen kgb-sTan. aRniSnuli `dokumentis~ gamoqveynebamde, redaqciam sagazeTo publikaciis meSveobiT gaafrTxila siaSi moxseniebuli adamianebi, Tavad gaemJRavnebinaT TanamSromlobis faqti. pirvel jerze gazeTma gamoaqveyna sia, romelSic mxolod aRniSnul pirTa
inicialebi da zedmetsaxelebi miuTiTa. bolos ki Tavad srulyofili sia
gamoaqveyna. siasTan erTad gazeTma am Temas saredaqcio werilebic miuZRvna.
aRniSnuli publikaciis gamo gazeTs saCivari warudgina rogorc tartus universitetis eTikis komisiam, aseve estoneTis presis sabWomac.
aRmoCnda, rom informaciis wyaro, romelmac redaqcias aRniSnuli sia
miawoda, sando ar iyo. mogvianebiT ki gairkva, rom sia saerTodac falsificirebuli iyo.
gazeTma CaTvala, rom siis gamoqveynebas SeeZlo, xeli Seewyo kgb-s
yofili agentebis problemis gadaWrisaTvis, rogorc samoqalaqo, aseve
samarTlebrivi gziT.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari dasabuTebulad miiCnia.
motivacia: sabWos wevrebma miiCnies, rom gazeTis pozicia iyo cinikuri. sabWos wevrTa SefasebiT, dokumentebis gamoqveyneba dasaSvebia
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac informaciis wyaro sandoa. saredaqcio werilebma, romelic Tan erTvoda sias, gazeTi erTgvar msajulad aqcia, romelic
ramdenimejer ixseniebda adamianebs `kgb~-s agentebad. sabWom aRniSna,
rom aseTi mtkivneuli TemebiT upasuxismgeblo manipulaciebs SesaZloa,
sityvis Tavisuflebaze Tavdasxmebi gamoewvia.
12 maisi, 1993

167

estoneTis presis sabWo mcdari saTauris winaaRmdeg

saCivari: sabWom wamoWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad Seesatyviseboda 1999 wlis 18 ianvars esti pivaletSi gamoqveynebuli statia,
saTauriT `gafuWebulma glukozam ori axalSobili imsxverpla~, estoneTis eTikis kodeqsis me-4.11 muxls1.
saTauri qmnida STabeWdilebas, TiTqos aRniSnul faqts estoneTSi
hqonda adgili da amdenad, is agitaciur xasiaTs atarebda. esti pivaletis
redaqtoris gancxadebiT, saTaurs ar SeeZlo, SecdomaSi Seeyvana mkiTxveli, radgan arsad iyo naTqvami, rom msgavsi faqti estoneTSi moxda. es
faqti cxadi xdeboda qvesaTauridanac da saerTodac, redaqciis azriT,
aramarTebuli iyo moTxovna, yvela saTaurSi mieTiTebinaT moqmedebis
adgili. redaqtoris gancxadebiT, am tipis saTaurebi adreul gadawyvetilebebSi sabWos SecdomaSi Seyvanad ar miuCnevia.
Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi sabWom sapirispiro gadawyvetileba miiRo da
Tavisi pozicia Semdegi garemoebebiT daasabuTa:
1. statia, romelsac wina gverdze, centraluri adgili ekava da romlis saTaurSic ar iyo miTiTebuli geografiuli adgilmdebareoba, dasuraTebuli iyo estoneTis saavadmyofos didi, TvalismomWreli fotosuraTiT. yovelive badebda asociacias incidentTan, romelsac ori wlis
winaT pelgulinas dedaTa saavadmyofoSi hqonda adgili (aRniSnul saavadmyofoSi or axalSobils araswori medikamenti misces) da araswor
konteqsts qmnida.
2. estoneTTan identificirebis asociacias kidev ufro aZlierebda
suraTis minaweri, romelic talinis bavSvTa saavadmyofoze miuTiTebda
da qvesaTauri, romelSic miTiTebuli iyo rogorc belgia (wamlebis mwarmoebeli kompania), aseve estoneTi.
3. sakiTxebi, romlebic sazogadoebis janmrTelobas da dauyovnebliv
daxmarebas exeba, ar unda aRuZravdes mkiTxvels usafuZvlo SiSsa da
daucvelobis grZnobas.
4. sabWom miiCnia, rom amgvari saTauriT mkiTxvelis panikaSi Cagdeba
araswori iyo, radgan Tavad werilSic iyo aRniSnuli, rom msgavsi
glukoza estoneTSi ar moipoveboda.
sabWom aucileblad CaTvala aReniSna, rom mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvana yovelTvis mcdari saTauris meSveobiT ar xdeba. kargi Jurnalisturi praqtika ki gulisxmobs mkiTxvelisaTvis informaciis srulyofilad miwodebas, rac faqtis mcdar interpretacias gamoricxavs. is, rom
adre sabWo msgavsi tipis saTaurebs yuradRebas ar aqcevda, ganpirobebuli iyo mxolod imiT, rom aqamde es sabWos kompetenciaSi ar Sedioda.
sabWo, rogorc mediis kritikis erTgvari instituti viTardeba da Tavad
gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas xarisxis problemebze, romlebic yoveldRiur
praqtikaSi iCens Tavs. sabWo ver SezRudavs verc erTi media organizaciis
Tavisufal qmedebebs, magram misi kompetenciaa, damoukideblad Seafasos
Jurnalistikis xarisxi da profesionalizmi.
28 aprili, 1999

168

4
2. media da saxelmwifo

saxelmwifo `rava heelis~ winaaRmdeg

konfliqti: rava heeli iyo ukanaskneli saxelmwifo, yoveldRiuri
estonurenovani gamocema. mesakuTres, saxelmwifos saxiT, surda gazeTis
mTavari redaqtoris Secvla. am mizniT moxda saorganizacio cvlileba,
ris Sedegadac mTavari redaqtoris Tanamdeboba pasuxismgebeli gamomcemlis TanamdebobiT Seicvala. saredaqcio gamgeobis mimarT iyo Semdegi pretenziebi: `gazeTi ar iyo politikurad dabalansebuli~ da
`imdenad modernizebuli, rodesac tiraJi da mkiTxvelis damokidebuleba iseTia, rom srulad Seesabameba mesakuTris interesebs~.
rava heelis tiraJi estonur yoveldRiur gamocemebs Soris yvelaze
maRali iyo da gazeTs Zalzed sworad gansazRvruli, mkiTxvelze orientirebuli niSa eWira. saorganizacio cvlilebebi ganxorcielda imitom,
rom xelisuflebas surda, gazeTi koaliciuri partiebis Tvalsazrisis
gamosaxatavad gamoeyenebina. aseTi midgomis arsebobaze metyvelebda
kulturis ministris mrCevlis mier estoneTis radiosaTvis micemuli
interviu. rava heeli konservatiuli gamocema iyo.
xelisuflebis qmedebis sapasuxod, gazeTis TanamSromlebma miiRes erTsulovani gadawyvetileba, daefuZnebinaT axali yoveldRiuri gazeTi esti
sunumidi, romelmac imave SenobaSi daiwyo funqcionireba, sadac rava heeli
mzaddeboda. kulturis saministrom neba darTo sxva yoveldRiur gazeTs,
gamoeca rava heeli da erT kviraSi gamovida `axali~ rava heeli, romelic
SinaarsiT Zvelis identuri iyo (mxolod logo iyo gansxvavebuli).
miuxedavad imisa, rom rava heelis mesakuTres Zvel samuSao adgilze
arc erTi TanamSromeli aRar darCa, saministros mrCevelma gasca brZaneba, gaeTiSaT telefoni, SeecvalaT gasaRebi da gaegzavnaT dacvis TanamSromlebi (ara policiis) imisaTvis, rom ar SeeSvaT Jurnalistebi redaqciis cariel ofisSi.
sabWos pozicia: sabWom ganacxada, rom marTalia, saqmis iuridiuli
aspeqtebis ganxilva mis kompetenciaSi ar Sedioda, magram man SeSfoTeba
gamoTqva imis gamo, rom eTikuri krizisi gamoiwvia gazeTis mesakuTrem
anu saxelmwifom. sabWom aseve aRniSna, rom braldeba daubalansebeli

169

gaSuqebis Sesaxeb moklebuli iyo Teoriul safuZvels, radganac ar Catarebula gazeTis kontent analizi. sabWos gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad,
Jurnalisturi balansi ar SeiZleba gaizomos arc kvadratuli metrobiT,
arc subieqturi dakvirvebiT. sabWom ver aRmoaCina imis mtkicebuleba,
rom rava heeli arRvevda saerTaSoriso qcevis kodeqss an uari uTxra
romelime politikur partias, sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gamoxatvasa da
sagazeTo farTis daTmobaze. sabWom gaarkvia, rom gazeTis dadanaSaulebis realuri motivi iyo ara daubalansebeli gaSuqeba, aramed mTavari
redaqtoris Secvlis survili. miuxedavad imisa, rom mesakuTres ar gaaCnda raime samxili mTavari redaqtoris winaaRmdeg.
sabWom aseve aRniSna, rom esti sunumidis gamocemisaTvis xelis SeSlis
mcdeloba iyo sityvis Tavisuflebis, demokratiuli Rirebulebebisa da
eTikuri normebis pirdapiri xelyofa. sabWos azriT, saxelmwifos qmedeba
ar Seesabameboda meoce saukunis dasasrulis demokratiul tradiciebs.
4 aprili, 1994

brZola Jurnalistebis usamarTlo

akreditaciis winaaRmdeg
konfliqti: talinis policiis departamenti Seecada, warmoedgina
Jurnalistebis akreditaciis axali procedura, romlis Tanaxmad, policiis informacia pirdapir xelmisawvdomi iqneboda im JurnalistebisaTvis, visac policia sakuTari surviliT SearCevda. Seiqmna saSiSroeba, rom
yvela mediasaSualeba Tanabar pirobebSi ar aRmoCndeboda. policiis ufrosis werilobiTi gankargulebis mixedviT, Jurnalistebs (media saSualebebs), romlebmac dakarges policiis ndoba, akreditaciebi unda
CamorTmeodaT.
sabWos memorandumi: sabWom gamosca memorandumi, romelSic aRniSna,
rom aseTi zoma gamiznuli iyo policiis xelmZRvanelobis kritikis
Tavidan asacileblad da gamoiwvevda daubalansebel gaSuqebas, rac xels
ar Seuwyobda kargi Jurnalisturi tradiciebis damkvidrebas.
policiis ufrosi manam ar gamoexmaura sabWos memorandums, vidre is
sxva mizeziT ar gaaTavisufles Tanamdebobidan. samsaxuris datovebamde man gaauqma akreditaciebis Sesaxeb mis mier gamocemuli gankarguleba.
27 aprili, 1994

170

3. informaciis wyaro

estoneTis presis sabWo policiis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: estoneTis satelegrafo saagentom gaavrcela informacia
bronzis im memorialuri dafebis moparvis Sesaxeb, romlebzec sabWoTa
jaris oficrebis saxelebi iyo amotvifruli. aRniSnuli dafebi moipares
monumentidan, romelic 1944 wels talinis sabWour `gaTavisuflebas~
eZRvneboda. masala eyrdnoboda kargad informirebul, magram anonimur
wyaros, romelmac, rogorc Cans, icoda dafebis adgilsamyofeli da qurdebis vinaoba.
policiam Jurnalists informaciis wyaros gaTqma mosTxova. mas Semdeg, rac Jurnalistma anonimuri wyaros gamJRavnebaze uari ganacxada,
is policiaSi Semdgomi dakiTxvisaTvis waiyvanes. policia Jurnalists
dapatimrebiT daemuqra.
sabWos pozicia: sabWos azriT, Jurnalisti koreqtulad moiqca, radganac media eTikis sferoSi saerTaSoriso praqtikis Tanaxmad, Jurnalistma ar unda gaTqvas misi informaciis wyaro, vidre sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba ar aiZulebs mas, amgvarad moiqces. wyaroebis dacvis momenti asaxulia britanul qcevis kodeqssa (muxli 15) da norvegiul
kodeqsSi (muxli 3.1). es principi aseve aRiarebulia estoneTis parlamentis mier (par. 7, mauwyebelTa aqti).2
22 seqtemberi, 1994

171

4. reklama

estoneTis presis sabWo faruli reklamis winaaRmdeg

sabWos araerTxel mouwia faruli reklamis sakiTxis ganxilva. am
problemis Taobaze 1996 wlis 10 ianvars sabWom gamosca memorandumi,
romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom ufro da ufro imata mediaSi reklamis
aRmniSvneli specialuri niSnis gareSe sareklamo xasiaTis masalis ganTavsebam. faruli reklama axali ambebis formiTaa gadmocemuli da ara
aqvs informaciuli Rirebuleba. is asaxavs kompanias Tu saqonels ise,
rom gadmoscems mxolod erTi mxaris pozitiur damokidebulebas maT
mimarT. uniSno reklama saxifaToa mediis ekonomikri damoukideblobisaTvis da amcirebs mis sandoobas. Jurnalistebma winaaRmdegoba unda gauwion sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa menejerebis zewolasa da simdidriT (mogzaurobebi, manqanebi, saWmeli da a.S.) mosyidvis cdunebas.
10 ianvari, 1996

172

5. reputacia

mosamarTle presis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: policiam sazRvarze kontrabanduli aryis didi odenobis
tvirTi daakava. kontrabandistebs saqoneli CamoarTves da daapatimres.
dakavebulebma aRiares, rom isini aralegaluri gziT Semotanili alkoholis gayidvas apirebdnen. sasamarTloSi maT Secvales TavianTi Tavdapirveli Cveneba.
estonuri kanonis Tanaxmad, aryis importze SezRudvebi mxolod kompaniebze vrceldeba. tvirTis gadamtanebi am SemTxvevaSi kerZo pirebi
iyvnen. amdenad, qalaq viliandis mosamarTlem daubruna tvirTis mesakuTreebs 1,200 litri arayi da saqmis sasamarTlo msvlelobac Sewyvita,
rac adgilobrivi gazeTis azriT, kontrabandistebis dausjelad datovebas niSnavda.
qalaqis sasamarTlos mosamarTlem gazeTsa da Jurnals sabWoSi uCivla, radganac, misi azriT, aseTi publikaciebi Seuracxyofda mTlianad
estoneTis sasamarTlo sistemas da piradad mas. sarCelis Tanaxmad, statias SecdomaSi Sehyavda mkiTxveli, gansakuTrebiT ki mis saTaurs `mosamarTlem kontrabanduli arayi daabruna~.
gazeTis redaqciam ganacxada, rom maTi mizani ar iyo mosamarTlis
ganawyeneba, ubralod maT warmoaCines is `aranormaluri~ situacia, roca
kontrabandisti ukan ibrunebs Tavis aralegalur tvirTs da kontrabanda
saerTod ar aris miCneuli danaSaulad.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari usafuZvlod miiCnia.
motivacia: sabWos gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnulia, rom mosamarTle,
romelsac estoneTis respublikis saxeliT gamoaqvs gadawyvetilebebi,
sajaro figuraa. man unda aitanos kritika, romelic saxelmwifoskenaa
mimarTuli, radganac is swored saxelmwifos warmomadgenelia. rogorc
mosamarTles, mas aqvs legaluri berketebi, xelisuflebis yuradReba
gaamaxvilos kanonis arasrulyofilebaze.
sabWos azriT, statiebi ar Seuracxyofda mosamarTles. sasamarTlos
gadawyvetileba (iseve rogorc mosamarTlis azri) gamoqveynda JurnalSi.
statiebi araerT wyaros eyrdnoboda da reportiorebs ar gamouxatavT
Tavisi piradi negatiuri damokidebuleba mosamarTlis mimarT. sabWos

173

TvalsazrisiT, mosamarTlis reputacia ar Selaxula, reportiorebma

warmoaCines metad mniSvnelovani problema. rac Seexeba saTaurs sabWom
is ufro metaforad miiCnia, vidre SecdomaSi Seyvanis mcdelobad.
8 maisi, 1996

parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa komitetis

Tavmjdomare `otulehis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: sabWom ganixila parlamentis iuridiul sakiTxTa komitetis Tavmjdomaris daimar livis saCivari, romlis safuZveli gaxda gazeT
otulehSi 1998 wlis 24 seqtembers gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT
`gaupatiurebisaTvis pasuxi vinmem unda agos~ da `rigikogu (parlamenti) estoneTs civilizebuli samyaros miRma tovebs~. komitetis Tavmjdomaris gancxadebiT, statiebi araadekvaturad da araprofesiulad
aRwerda realur situacias.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, momCivans ar miuTiTebia erTi faqtic ki,
romelic daadasturebda, rom Jurnalistma arasworad gaaSuqa movlena.
gazeTs aqvs ufleba, gamoaqveynos kritikuli Tvalsazrisi kanonmdebelTa saqmianobis Sesaxeb, xolo kanonmdebelma yurad unda iRos sazogadoebis damokidebuleba. sabWos gancxadebiT, kanoni unda iyos dawerili
gasagebi eniT da ar iyos orazrovani. Tu komitetis Tavmjdomarem statiaSi raime uzustoba aRmoaCina, mas SeeZlo eTikis kodeqsiT garantirebuli pasuxis uflebiT esargebla (muxli 5.23), aseve ganemarta kanonis
mniSvneloba farTo sazogadoebisaTvis.
9 dekemberi, 1998

biznesmeni `esti eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: estoneTis presis sabWom ganixila ernesto preatonis advokatis laur paulusis saCivari Sveicariul gazeT di voxen caitungidan
Targmnil statiasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic esti eqspresSi gamoqveynda, saTauriT `beberi aqlemebisaTvis mosasvenebeli adgili ar aris~.
saCivris Tanaxmad, statiis Tavdapirveli teqsti Seicavda damaxinjebul faqtebs da laxavda pirovnebis reputacias. momCivanma aRniSna,
rom esti eqspress ar gadaumowmebia, ramdenad sando da sarwmuno iyo
gamoqveynebuli informacia da misi wyaroebi.

174

reputacia

esti eqspresis mTavari redaqtoris avo kokis gancxadebiT, gazeTSi

gamoqveynebuli statia iyo Targmani da Targmnis Sedegad misi Sinaarsi
ar Secvlila. statiaSi iyo mniSvnelovani informacia ernesto preatonize, rogorc sajaro figuraze, romelsac mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri
Zalaufleba gaaCnda. esti eqspresma ernesto preatons SesTavaza
uaryofis gamoqveyneba, razec man Tavdapirvelad uari ganacxada, xolo
mogvianebiT, 30 marts aRniSnuli uaryofa mainc gamoaqveyna.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom daadgina, rom esti eqspress keTilsindisieri Jurnalisturi qcevis normebi ar daurRvevia.
motivacia: sabWom gaiTvaliswina is garemoeba, rom cnobili biznesmeni ernesto preatoni, romelsac damsaxurebisaTvis estoneTis moqalaqeoba mieniWa, eTikis kodeqsis 1 muxlis, 1.64 paragrafis Tanaxmad,
sajaro figurad iTvleboda da amdenad, gamarTlebuli iyo mis mimarT
presis yuradReba da kritika.
sabWos azriT, dauSvebelia statiis Tavdapirveli teqstis Secvla
misi Targmnisas, maSinac ki, Tu igi damaxinjebul faqtebs Seicavs. es naTlad Canda esti eqspresis statiis danarT komentarebsa da uaryofaSi.
sabWos gancxadebiT, mas ar SeuZlia gansajos statiaSi moyvanili faqtebis sizuste. sabWos azriT, faqtobrivi Secdomebi unda Seswordes uaryofis gamoqveynebis saSualebiT, rac esti eqspresma, kodeqsis 5.2 muxlis
Sesabamisad, ganaxorciela kidec.
5 aprili, 2000

175

6. piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

mesakuTre SecdomaSi Seyvanis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: yovelkvireulma gazeTma gamoaqveyna reportaJi kerZo meurneobidan, romelic erT-erTi mesakuTris mier fermis gayidvis Taobaze gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli sareklamo gancxadebis safuZvelze momzadda.
Jurnalistebi saxlSi ewvivnen mesakuTres, rogorc potenciuri myidvelebi. isini esaubrnen saxlis patrons da gadaiRes gasayidi adgilis fotoebi ise, rom maTi stumrobis realuri mizezi ar gaumxeliaT.
mesakuTrem CaTvala, rom masalis gamoqveynebis Sedegad dairRva misi
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, ris gamoc sarCeliT mimarTa sabWos.
Jurnalistebma gaaSuqes zogierTi detali mesakuTre qalbatonis piradi
cxovrebidan da detalurad aRweres misi mamuli. amasTanave statiaSi
miTiTebuli iyo misamarTi da fotosuraTidan advilad SeiZleboda
saxlis adgilmdebareobis amocnoba.
gazeTma aseTi qmedeba Seafasa rogorc eqsperimentuli dakvirveba,
romelic adrec ganuxorcielebiaT: adrindeli analogiuri reportaJi
exeboda estoneT-latviis sazRvris iaraRiT gadakveTas. bolo reportaJis mizani iyo miwis bazarze arsebuli mdgomareobis aRwera. gazeTis
pozicia amgvari iyo _ mesakuTre gaxda `sajaro~ persona mas Semdeg, rac
man reklama SeiZina. yvelaferi, rac Jurnalistma mesakuTrisagan gaigona,
man nebayoflobiT warmoTqva.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom CaTvala, rom saCivari dasabuTebuli iyo.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, statia xelyofda piradi cxovrebisa da
ojaxis xelSeuxeblobas da amdenad, iyo cudi Jurnalistikis nimuSi. sareklamo momsaxurebis sargeblobiT pirovneba sajaro figura ar xdeba.
arc yvela potenciuri reklamis mkiTxveli xdeba zemoTaRniSnuli saxlis
potenciuri stumari. gazeTma gaavrcela detalebi sakuTrebisa da misi
mesakuTris Sesaxeb 269 aTas mkiTxvels Soris. sabWos gadawyvetilebis
Tanaxmad, reportiorsa da mkiTxvels Soris gansxvaveba is aris, rom mkiTxveli ar avrcelebs Tavis STabeWdilebebs presaSi.
sabWom sxva eqsperimentebTan paralelis gavleba im ubralo mizezis
gamo miiCnia araadekvaturad, rom wina SemTxvevebs sajaro teritoriaze

176

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

hqonda adgili. sabWom ganacxada, rom kerZo teritoriaze nakveTis yidvis

sababiT Sesvlis araviTari saWiroeba ar arsebobda.
26 ivnisi, 1996

ministri `esti eqspresis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: esti eqspresis moTxovniT, sabWom ganixila sarCeli, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda karg Jurnalistur praqtikas amave gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli statia, saTauriT `talinis codvili cxovreba balTazaris
epoqaSi~. statiaSi gamoyenebuli iyo sagareo saqmeTa ministris tomas
hendrik ivisa da Jurnalist madis iurgenis Soris eleqtronuli mimoweris masalebi, romelic ZiriTadad azrTa gaziarebis xasiaTs atarebda.
ministrma gazeTi piradi mimoweris xelSeuxeblobis darRvevaSi daadanaSaula.
esti eqspresma wamoWra Semdegi sakiTxebi: SesaZlo iyo Tu ara zemoaRniSuli sakiTxis piradi korespondenciisTvis mikuTvneba? da gamarTlebuli iyo Tu ara ministris personis mimarT gazeTis interesi?
sabWos gadawyvetileba:
1. ministrsa da Jurnalists Soris raime saxis azrTa gacvla ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos piradulad, Tu ar arsebobs sxvagvari winaswari SeTanxmeba. ministri, rogorc maRali Tanamdebobis piri, iTvleba sajaro figurad (estoneTis eTikis kodeqsi, pirveli muxli, punqti 1.6.).
2. am SemTxvevaSi esti eqspresis sajaro interesi ministris piradi
cxovrebisadmi dasabuTebuli iyo, ramdenadac is pirdapir exeboda gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa qcevebs (estoneTis eTikis kodeqsi, muxli 4.9.5).
15 ivlisi, 1998

177

7. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

sagzao policia radiosadgurebis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: policiis departamentis sagzao biurom saCivriT mimarTa
sabWos da sTxova, gaerkvia, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda karg Jurnalistur praqtikas is faqti, rom ori radiosadguri eTeriT acxadebda policiis patrulis zust adgilmdebareobas. policiis gancxadebiT, aseTi
cnobebis gavrceleba policiis gaRizianebas iwvevda, damrRvevebs ki patrulis gverdis avlis saSualebas aZlevda. radiosadgurebi ki avrcelebdnen informaciebs, romelTac maT mZRolebi satelefono zarebis meSveobiT atyobinebdnen.
mauwyeblebma saCivari usafuZvlod miiCnies. maTi TqmiT, aseTi gancxadebebi xels uwyobda gzebze kanonierebasa da usafrTxoebas. kriminalebs informaciis mopoveba sxva wyaroebidan ufro SeeZloT, vidre radiodan, _ aRniSnes maT.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar gaiziara.
motivacia: sabWom aRniSna, rom imis gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad eTikuria
am cnobebis gavrceleba, ar SeiZleba formaluri midgomis safuZvelze.
aseTma midgomam SesaZloa, migviyvanos iseT situaciamde, roca SinaarsTan Seusabamobis gamo SeiZleba ganvixiloT garkveuli saxis informaciebis (magaliTad, amindis Sesaxeb) akrZalvis SesaZlebloba. policiam ver
daasaxela verc erTi konkretuli informacia, romelmac gavlena moaxdina maT muSaobaze.
sabWo miesalma sajaro diskusias, romelsac policiis sarCelma daudo saTave da aseve aRniSna is progresi, romelsac adgili hqonda rogorc
policiis, aseve redaqciis muSaobaSi. sabWom yuradReba gaamaxvila im
garemoebaze, rom am informaciis gaSuqebisas, mauwyeblebisTvis mTavari
kriteriumi sazogadoebrivi interesi iyo, romelic unda aiwonos calkeuli informaciis SemTxvevaSi.
27 agvisto, 1997

178

sqolio:

saredaqcio direqtivebi: 4.11. foto-

es norma aisaxa mogvianebiT, 1997 wels

miRebul estoneTis eTikis kodeqsSi.
wyaroebi - muxli 3, paragrafi 3.4.:
media saSualebebs aqvT moraluri
valdebuleba, daicvan konfidencialuri
wyaroebis anonimuroba.

5. pasuxis ufleba: 5.2. uaryofa unda

axdendes nebismieri faqtobrivi
Secdomisa da mcdari citirebis
Sesworebas. uaryofisaTvis saWiro
farTobi/dro ar unda aRematebodes im
masalis farTobs/dros, romlis
Sesworebac xdeba. uaryofa unda
gamoqveyndes dauyovnebliv da Tana
zomadi formiT, yovelgvari saredaqcio
komentaris gareSe.

1. zogadi debulebebi: 1.6. pirovnebebi,

romlebic floben politikur da
ekonomikur Zalauflebas da
sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovan informacias, unda CaiTvalon sajaro
figurebad, maTi saqmianoba ki gansakuT
rebuli dakvirvebisa da kritikis sagani
unda gaxdes. sajaro figurebad mediam
aseve SeiZleba ganixilos is pirovnebebi,
romelTac Semosavali sakuTari Tavis, an
saqmianobis popularizaciidan aqvT.

suraTma, titrma, saTaurma da lidma (maT

Soris, mauwyeblobis lidma) SecdomaSi
ar unda Seiyvanos auditoria.

4. saredaqcio direqtivebi: 4.9. pirovnebis

piradi cxovrebis uflebis Semlaxveli
masalis gavrceleba dasaSvebia mxolod
im konkretul SemTxvevaSi, Tu sazogadoebrivi interesi piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxeblobis uflebaze maRla dgas
da es garemoeba dasabuTbulia.

179

180

181

182

Sinaarsi
Sesavali

185

britaneTis kolumbiis presis sabWo

185

1. arCevnebis gaSuqeba

187

kanadis reformistuli partia

viqtoria `taims-kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg 187
mwvaneTa partia
`vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

188

oldermeni hari renkini

`nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

189

2. saredaqcio statia

191

morisoni `taims kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg 191

ted heizi devid blekis
gazeTebis winaaRmdeg
193
lois bunei da pol ramsei
`prins jorj sitizenis~ winaaRmdeg

194

joan gedsbi `nord Sor niuzis~

winaaRmdeg

195

nord Soris `sicocxlis

momxreTa sazogadoeba~
`vankuver provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

196

3. faqtis da komentaris gamijvna

198

duait uenheni da eqTan-fsiqiatrTa

kavSiri `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg
4. sizuste
laionel keneri
`nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

198
202
202

jon hofsesi `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg 204

teri milni `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

205

uoren kinsela `nord Sor niuzisa~

da dag kolinzis winaaRmdeg

206

183

doqtori parfiti `vankuver sanis~

winaaRmdeg

207

deputati svend robinsoni

`vankuver provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

208

brain makuorti
`barnebi niuzlideris~ winaaRmdeg

210

jon iangi `viqtoria taims

kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg

211

britaneTis kolumbiis
leiboristTa federacia
`taims-kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg

211

j.t. rozeni `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

212

roJe boSie `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

213

5. pasuxis ufleba
doqtori filip pinkusi
`nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

214
214

dag kolinzi `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg 215

piter poleni `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg 216
nelsonis qalTa centri `nelson deili
niuzis~ winaaRmdeg
6. diskriminacia

217
219

reformistuli partia
`vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

219

uiqsleri da sxvebi uestenderis

winaaRmdeg

220

germanul-kanaduri kongresi
`provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

221

7. reputacia
robert iangi `taims kolonistis~
winaaRmdeg

223
223

8. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

224

oliv mari olijadi `provinsis~

winaaRmdeg

224

9. bavSvebi
den kazensi `nord Sor niuzis~
winaaRmdeg

184

226
226

Sesavali
britaneTis kolumbiis
presis sabWo

kanadaSi arsebuli sxva sabWoebis msgavsad, britaneTis kolumbiis presis sabWo sagazeTo industriis TviTregulirebis organoa, romlis wevrobac yvela gazeTisTvis nebayoflobiTia. gazeTebis
bevri saTemo gaerTianeba masSi gacilebiT adre gawevrianda, vidre 1995 wels _ britaneTis kolumbiisa da iukonis gazeTebis asociacia (BCYCNA).
sabWo 1983 wels daarsda, rodesac federalurma mTavrobam mTels kanadaSi sagazeTo industriis
regulirebis ideis lobireba scada da sagazeTo
industriis liderebma amaSi garkveuli safrTxe
dainaxes. sabWo mTlianad sagazeTo industriis mier finansdeba. yoveldRiuri gazeTebi wliur Senatans gazeTis tiraJis Sesabamisad ixdian, xolo saTemo gazeTebisTvis fiqsirebuli gadasaxadia dawesebuli.
dReisaTvis sabWoSi 130-ze meti gazeTia gawevrianebuli, aqedan 16 britaneTis kolumbiis yoveldRiuri gazeTia, 107 _ BCYCNA-is, xolo 9 saTemo
gazeTia.
sabWos wevroba xelsayrelia Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo:
igi icavs mis wevrebs sasamarTlo ganxilvebisagan, vinaidan saCivari gansaxilvelad sabWoSi Sedis.
mosarCle werilobiT adasturebs Tavis nebas sakiTxis am gziT gadawyvetis Taobaze. miukerZoebeli da samarTliani sabWos mier saCivris ganxilva
gazeTebs saSualebas aZlevs, dazogon dro da Tan-

185

xebi, aseve Tavidan aicilon garTulebebi. dauSvebelia, sabWoSi romelime mxaris interesi advokatma warmoadginos.
mas Semdeg rac, presis sabWom saapelacio funqcia SeiZina, sabWos mier saCivris ganxilva, sasamarTlosTan SedarebiT, iaffasiani alternativa gaxda. amasTanave sabWo icavs medias mTavrobis mxridan Carevisagan, aseve uzrunvelyofs informaciis
xelmisawvdomobas.
presis sabWos sxdomebi araformalur xasiaTs
atarebs da is Riaa sazogadoebisaTvis. sxdomaze
aravis moeTxoveba ficis dadeba da aseve ar xdeba
sxdomebis stenogramireba.
sxdomaze mosarCles pirveli sityvis ufleba
eZleva, rasac gazeTis warmomadgenlis gamosvla
mosdevs. orive mxares gasaCivrebis Tanabari ufleba gaaCnia, aseve orive mxares SeuZlia moiTxovos saTanado mtkicebulebebis warmodgena. sabWos
wevrebs SeuZliaT, orive mxares mimarTon SekiTxvebiT. mosmenis Semdgom, sabWom unda gamoitanos
gadawyvetileba. gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia
monacemebi momCivanisa da gazeTis Sesaxeb. gazeTi
movalea, srulad gamoaqveynos sabWos gadawyvetileba.
sabWos hyavs 11 direqtori, romelTagan 6 sazogadoebis warmomadgenelia, xolo danarCeni 5 daniSnulia mediaindustriis mier. sabWos Tavmjdomare da misi moadgile yovelTvis sazogadoebis
warmomadgenlebi arian. sabWos wevrebi Tavis
uflebamosilebas 4 wlis vadiT axorcieleben,
aqedan 2 weli garantirebulia, xolo Semdegi 2
wlis ganmavlobaSi monacvleobiTi rotacia xdeba
teritoriuli principiT, raTa sabWoSi britaneTis
kolumbiis teritoriaze arsebuli yvela regionis
warmomadgenloba moxvdes.

186

1. arCevnebis gaSuqeba

kanadis reformistuli partia

`viqtoria taims-kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: reformistulma partiam viqtoria taims-kolonistis pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebuli statia sabWoSi gaasaCivra. momCivanTa gancxadebiT, sagazeTo publikaciis Sedegad, partia `sazogadoebis mxridan qilikis obieqti gaxda~. reformistTaTvis Seuracxmyofeli statia exeboda partiis saarCevno reklamas, romelic Tavad taims-kolonistis biznes seqciaSi iyo ganTavsebuli. reklamis pirvel striqonSi didi asoebiT ewera: `xarT Tqven bading joni, a. makdonaldi an uinston
CerCili?~ taims kolonistis statiis saTauri ki Semdegnairad JRerda:
`morigi joni, ara? reformatoruli winadadeba egzotikur akrobatikasTan erTad~.
partiam ukmayofileba gamoTqva reklamis ganTavsebis gamoc, risi mizezic reformistebisTvis adgilis egzotikuri aerobikis reklamis
gverdiT miCena aRmoCnda. partiuli reklama ki exeboda federaluri arCevnebisaTvis kandidatebis SerCevas da swored es reklama warmoadgenda
pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebuli statiis ironiis sagans. partiis warmomadgenlis SefasebiT, gazeTis mxridan araeTikuri iyo im reklamis gaSayireba, romlis gamoqveynebaSic man fuli aiRo.
am saqmis mosmenisas, gazeTis redaqtorma jon uelsma ganacxada, rom
gazeTis saredaqcio politika gansazRvravda imas, Tu ra gaeSuqebina da
raze gaekeTebina komentari da ara gazeTSi reklamis ganmTavsebeli. partiis warmomadgenelma ki ganacxada, rom gazeTma daarRvia klientsa da
agents Soris dadebuli SeTanxmeba, rodesac partiis reklama jer ucnaur
adgilze ganaTavsa, Semdeg ki Tavad dascina reklamasac da misi ganTavsebis adgilsac.
reklamis sistematurad gamoqveynebis gamo, reformistebi gazeTis
mxridan loialur damokidebulebas iTxovdnen.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom uaryo reformistTa saCivari da erTsulovani gadawyvetilebiT daadgina:
1. reklamis ganTavseba SeTanxmebuli iyo partiis warmomadgenelTan.

187

2. pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebuli statia warmoadgenda ara borot

ganzraxvas, aramed samarTlian komentars politikur partiasTan dakavSirebul situaciaze da mis mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebulebaze.
3. partiis warmomadgenels ar unda hqonoda iluzia, rom rogorc klients, gazeTi mas upirates mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda.
marTalia, presis sabWo, rogorc wesi, ar ixilavs reklamis sakiTxebs,
magram am konkretul SemTxvevaSi man mxari dauWira gazeTis sareklamo
da saredaqcio politikis erTmaneTisagan mkveTr gamijvnas.
22 aprili, 1992

mwvaneTa partia `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: mwvaneTa partiis liderma, stiuart parkerma ganacxada, rom
arCevnebis gaSuqebisas vankuver sani Segnebulad ukeTebda ignorirebas
mwvaneTa partiis kandidatebs da sxvadasxva sakiTxebze am partiis pozicias. parkeris TqmiT, amiT gazeTma SecdomaSi Seiyvana sazogadoeba, radgan winasaarCevno viTarebaze mas araswori warmodgena Seuqmna, riTac
daarRvia presis kodeqsis pirveli muxli1 (sizuste). mkiTxvels SeiZleboda efiqra, rom mwvaneTa partia arCevnebSi saerTod ar monawileobda,
maSin, rodesac mas realurad 70 kandidati hyavda.
misi TqmiT, gazeTi usamarTlod moiqca, rodesac gamoaqveyna informacia sxva, maT Soris ufro patara partiebis mier wardgenil kandidatebze da saerTod ugulebelyo mwvaneebis kandidatebi.
redaqtoris moadgile meisoni ar daeTanxma mosazrebas, rom gazeTi
usamarTlod iqceoda, an SecdomaSi Sehyavda mkiTxveli. misi TqmiT,
kampaniis dasawyisSi gazeTma gadawyvita mTeli yuradReba sami mTavari
partiisaTvis daeTmo. maT garda, gazeTi aSuqebda im ori partiis kampaniasac, romlebic ukve iyvnen warmodgenili provinciis sakanonmdeblo
sabWoSi. `Cveni resursebi SeuzRudavi ar aris. kampaniis gaSuqebisas
yvela partiaze weras ver SevZlebdiT,~ _ ganacxada man. meisonma dasZina,
rom yvela Secdoma, romelic gazeTma mwvaneebTan dakavSirebiT dauSva,
swrafadve Seaswora.
redaqtoris moadilem aseve aRniSna, rom gazeTi ZiriTadad aSuqebda
qveda meinlendSi mimdinare kampanias da arCevnebamde aTi dRiT adre gamoaqveyna yvela partiis, maT Soris mwvaneebis kandidatTa sia.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila partiis saCivari.
motivacia: winasaarCevno periodSi vankuver sani aqveynebda mxolod
xuTi partiis kandidatTa siasa da maT Sesaxeb informacias, rac Seesabameboda saredaqcio politikas, magram arasrul warmodgenas uqmnida mo-

188

arCevnebis gaSuqeba

saxleobas SesaZlo alternativebis Sesaxeb. sanma ar Seatyobina mkiTxvelebs, rom igi mxolod xuTi partiisa da maTi kandidatebis winasaarCevno
kampanias gaaSuqebda. man kidev ufro daabnia mkiTxveli, rodesac erTiorjer sxva partiebis kandidatTa arasruli siac gamoaqveyna.
marTalia, am yvelafris Sedegi, SesaZloa, mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvana iyo, magram presis sabWom ver aRmoaCina raime niSani imisa, rom gazeTma es Segnebulad gaakeTa. amas isic adasturebs, rom sanma bolos da
bolos gamoaqveyna yvela kandidatis sruli sia. imisaTvis, rom gazeTebs
ar daebniaT mkiTxveli, presis sabWom mouwoda Jurnalistebs, kandidatebTan dakavSirebuli masalebis, maT Soris siebis gaSuqebisas, mieTiTebinaT maT mier miwodebuli informacia sruli iyo Tu nawilobrivi.
rac Seexeba sanis mier arCevnebis gaSuqebis sxva aspeqtebs, presis sabWom upirobod dauWira mxari gazeTis uflebas, Tavad gansazRvros, rogor da ra sixSiriT unda isaubros sxvadasxva partiebisa da kandidatebis
Sesaxeb.
sabWom gaiziara saCivris is nawili, romelic sizustes Seexeboda.
28 noemberi, 1996

oldermeni2 hari renkini `nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: oldermen hari renkinis saCivris mizezi gaxda 1990 wlis 23
noembers nord Sor niuzSi gamoqveynebuli trevor lautensis saredaqcio statia, saTauriT `Znelia komunistebTan Segueba~. publikacia Seexeboda vankuveris arCevnebs, romelzec `progresuli eleqtoratis
komitetis~ xuTma kandidatma, maT Soris renkinma oldermenis adgili
moipova.
statiis erT-erTi Tema iyo sadili, romelic 1970 wels Cinur restoranSi gaimarTa da romelsac adgilobrivi amomrCevlebi eswrebodnen. lautensis TqmiT, renkini `politikurad Wamda~. sufrasTan renkinis qcevaze saubrisas avtori werda, rom is `metismetad uSualod da
mgznebared iqceoda, raTa ubralo xalxis mimarT Tavisi solidaroba
gamoexata~.
renkinma protesti gamoTqva statiis im nawilTan dakavSirebiT, romelSic saubari iyo misi Wamis maneris Sesaxeb. momCivanma publikaciis am
pasaJs Semdegi interpretacia gaukeTa: `me Rorulad vWamdi im mizniT,
rom ubralo xalxs davmsgavsebodi da maTTan erTianoba meCvenebina.
TiTqos, me mjera, rom es xalxi Rorulad Wams da Tu minda maTi simpaTia davimsaxuro, mec ase unda vWamo, maSin, rodesac ukeTesadac

189

SemiZlia~. sabWos winaSe gamosvlisas, renkinma ganacxada, rom misi Wamis

maneraSi araferi iyo uCveulo da is miirTmevda ise, rogorc amas sxva
dros akeTebda. amdenad, renkini statiis am pasaJs `mtknar sicrued~
afasebda.
sxdomaze lautensma ver SesZlo gaexsenebina, renkini dana-CangliT
Wamda, Tu CxirebiT, radganac es sadili oci wlis winandel ambavs ukavSirdeboda, magram moagonda `xelebiT qeqvis moZraoba~.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila, radgan ver SesZlo
gaerkvia, Wamis manerasTan dakavSirebiT romeli mxare iyo marTali.
motivacia: sabWom kidev erTxel daadastura saredaqcio statiebis
avtoris ufleba, gamoexata Tavisi Tvalsazrisi, maT Soris mogonebebze
dayrdnobiT. sabWom gaiTvaliswina isic, rom redaqtorma SesTavaza renkins, Sexvedroda gazeTis xelmZRvanelebs da Tavisi azri Ria werilis
meSveobiT gamoexata. Tumca, renkinma orive winadadebaze uari ganacxada.
1991

190

2. saredaqcio statia

morisoni `taims kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 2002 wlis 28 maiss taims kolonistis svetSi gamoqveynda les
leinis saredaqcio statia, romelic britaneTis kolumbiis policiis komisris postidan don morisonis gadadgomas exeboda. aRniSnuli publikaciis gamo morisonma britaneTis kolumbiis presis sabWoSi saCivari Seitana.
leinis publikaciaSi Sejamebuli iyo provinciis sakanonmdeblo komitetis mier gamarTuli ganxilvis Sedegebi, kerZod ki komisiis TanamSromelTa Cvenebebi, sadac isini saubrobdnen komisiis saqmianobis moSlisa
da komisris mier ufleba-movaleobebis gadaWarbebis Sesaxeb. komitets
Cveneba misca morisonmac, man yvela braldeba uaryo da Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebic waradgina.
morisoni acxadebda, rom gazeTi da Tavad leini tendenciurebi iyvnen
mis mimarT, riTac isini arRvevdnen praqtikis kodeqsis or muxls. saxeldobr, me-23 muxls, romelic `pasuxis uflebas~ Seexeba. kodeqsis es muxli miznad isaxavs, auxsnas gazeTebs, ra unda gaakeTon im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maT mier gamoqveynebuli informacia uzusto aRmoCndeba. es muxli aRniSnul SemTxvevas ar aregulirebs, radgan morisoni saCivarSi miuTiTebda
ara uzustobis Sesworebaze, aramed imaze, rom masalis gamoqveynebamde
Jurnalists misTvis komentari ar mouTxovia.
leinma miuTiTa, rom wina kvirebis ganmavlobaSi man xuTjer daureka
morisons da komentari sTxova sakomiteto ganxilvis sxvadasxva aspeqtebze, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi uari miiRo.
morisonis meore braldeba kodeqsis me-44 muxlis darRvevas Seexeboda. leinis sveti iwyeboda sityvebiT: `vimowmeb Cvenebebis aTeulobiT
gverds, romelic seriozul kiTxvebs badebs~. es sityvebi aSkarad mianiSnebda mkiTxvels, rom avtori gulisxmobda mowmeTa Cvenebebs sakma-

191

od cnobili sasamarTlo procesidan. sabWom yuradReba gaamaxvila aseve

28 maisis publikaciaze, sadac leinma dawera, rom `morisonma scada, gaebaTilebina imdeni braldeba, ramdenic SeeZlo~.
Tumca, sabWom gamoTqva ori mcire SeniSvna publikaciis avtoris misamarTiT. marTalia, leinma aRiara, rom zemoTmoyvanili sityvebi misi azri
iyo, magram es azri ise iyo formulirebuli, rom mkiTxvels SeiZleba
ver gaerkvia, vin daadgina masSi moyvanili Sexedulebis WeSmariteba. miT
umetes, rom raki morisoni gadadga, sakanonmdeblo komitets ganxilvis
Sedegebi aRar gamouqveynebia.
leins am Temaze mxolod es erTi statia rom gamoeqveynebina, sabWos
SesaZloa, ufro seriozuli SeniSvna gamoeTqva am sakiTxze. magram, 28
maisis Tvalsazrisi iyo mxolod erTi nawili statiebis im seriisa, romelic leinma am Temaze gamoaqveyna. erT-erTi maTgani morisonis mier
braldebebis uaryofas Seicavda. garda amisa, taims kolonisti farTod
aSuqebda sakomiteto mosmenebs. 28 maiss gazeTma pirvel gverdze gamoaqveyna statia morisonis gadadgomis Sesaxeb, romelic mis komentarebsac
Seicavda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila morisonis saCivari.
motivacia: garda imisa, rom aRniSnul situaciaSi me-2 muxli araadekvaturia, momCivans arc ki ucdia leinTan dakavSireba an redaqtorisaTvis
werilis miwera da Tavisi pretenziebis gamoxatva. aqve, sabWom aRniSna,
rom marTalia, gazeTi ar aris movale, Tavad SesTavazos modave mxares
pasuxis gamoqveyneba, magram redaqcias es rom gaekeTebina, dava sawyiss
etapzeve mogvardeboda.
rac Seexeba me-4 muxls, sabWom arc am muxlis darRvevis braldeba
gaiziara. momCivans surda, daemtkicebina avtorisaTvis, rom reportiors
obieqturoba da balansis dacva moeTxoveba. sabWom aRniSna, rom praqtikis kodeqsi yvela gazeTs aZlevs uflebas, gamoaqveynos mosazrebebis
maqsimalurad farTo speqtri. amdenad, avtori ar aris valdebuli, rom
Tvalsazrisis rubrikiT gamoqveynebuli masala iseTive neitraluri,
obieqturi an dabalansebuli iyos, rogorc sagazeTo axali ambebi. Tvalsazrisi principSi sxva araferia, Tu ara informaciis Sefaseba da masSi
moyvanili faqtebis mimarT poziciis dafiqsireba. amitom, leins sruli
ufleba hqonda, gaeziarebina an ar gaeziarebina mowmis an wyaros mier
micemuli Cveneba da Riad gamoeTqva sakuTari azri. igi asec moiqca da
amasTanave ganumarta mkiTxvels, rom misi mosazrebebi eyrdnoboda sakanonmdeblo komitetis sajaro ganxilvaze mosmenilsa da danaxuls.
2002
.

192

saredaqcio statia

ted heizi devid blekis gazeTebis winaaRmdeg

saCivari: viqtorias mcxovreblebma saCivriT mimarTes britaneTis
kolumbiis presis sabWos gamomcemel devid blekis winaaRmdeg. momCivanTa gancxadebiT, blekma mis erT-erT gazeTSi ise gamoaqveyna masala,
rubrikiT `werili redaqtors~, rom mniSvnelovnad Secvala misi Sinaarsi.
kerZo moqalaqem, heizma monawileoba miiRo im maradiul debatebSi,
romelic gazeTebis, maTi mflobelebisa da redaqtorebis rolsa da pasuxismgeblobas exeba. heizma blekis gazeTebs ori pretenzia wauyena:
1. gazeT peninsula niuz riviuSi gamoqveynebuli misi werilis Sinaarsi damaxinjebuli iyo;
2. blekma Tavis gazeTebs dauwesa cenzura nisgas xelSekrulebis
gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: marTalia, sabWom gaiziara heizis mosazreba, rom gazeTebis mflobelebma TavianTi gamocemebis furclebze mosazrebaTa maqsimalurad farTo speqtri unda dabeWdon, magram daadgina, rom blekis
gazeTebSi, rogorc axali ambebis seqciaSi, ise saredaqcio werilebisa
da mkiTxvelTa werilebis ganyofilebebSi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisis
deficiti ar igrZnoboda.
pirvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, sabWom daadgina, rom heizma ori arsebiTad erTnairi werili gamoaqveyna. erTi maTgani sityva-sityviT iyo dabeWdili, meores redaqtireba ise moxda, rom misi Sinaarsi ar Secvlila.
heizi Cioda, rom blekis mier gacemuli direqtiva arRvevda presis kodeqsis me-4 muxls. sabWom daadgina, rom direqtivaSi araferi iyo iseTi,
rac kodeqss ewinaaRmdegeboda.
direqtiva, romelic sabWoze samxilis saxiT heizma waradgina, Semdegi
Sinaarsisaa:
1. blekis gazeTebis saredaqcio pozicia nisgas xelSekrulebasTan dakavSirebiT unda iyos uaryofiTi.
2. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mel smitis saredaqcio werilebis seria
_ rva Tvalsazrisi _ unda daibeWdos blekis yvela gazeTSi.
3. sxva saredaqcio statiebis avtorebs ufleba aqvT, ar gaiziaron
mesakuTris pozicia.
4. mesakuTris poziciam gavlena ar unda moaxdinos axali ambebisa da
mkiTxvelTa werilebis ganyofilebebze.
5. redaqtorebi, romlebic ar eTanxmebian mflobelis pozicias, ar
arian valdebuli, weron sakuTari Sexedulebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram
valdebuli arian, gamoaqveynon maTTvis miwodebuli masala.

193

6. redaqtorebs, romlebic ar eTanxmebian mflobelis Sexedulebebs,

SeuZliaT, TavianTi mosazreba gamoaqveynon `werilebis~ ganyofilebaSi.
presis kodeqsis me-4 muxli acxadebs, rom gazeTebma mosazrebaTa maqsimalurad farTo speqtri unda warmoaCinon da Sexedulebebis gamoTqmis saSualeba unda miscen saredaqcio werilebis avtorebsa da sxvebs
Tundac arapopularul da winaaRmdegobriv sakiTxebze.
sabWos daskvniT, blekma misi gazeTebis meSveobiT gamoaqveyna gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi, imisda miuxedavad, rom zogierTisaTvis es Sexedulebebi _ miuRebeli, mTavrobaSi ki arapopularuli iyo, da saredaqcio
statiebis avtorebsac da sxvebsac misca gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamoqveynebis saSualeba. misi direqtiva ar iyo mimarTuli Tavis gazeTebSi
gansxvavebuli azris CaxSobisaken, rasac mowmobs xelSekrulebis momxreTa
mier blekis gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi.
sabWom aRniSna, rom marTalia, bolo dros kanadaSi Cveulebad iqca,
rom redaqciis saxeliT werilebs weren redaqtorebi an Jurnalistebi,
saredaqcio politikis warmarTvaSi saboloo sityva mflobels ekuTvnis.
14 ianvari, 1999

lois bunei da pol ramsei

`prins jorj sitizenis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: adgilobrivi kabinetis wevrebma lois bunma da pol ramseim
gaasaCivres is garemoeba, rom prins jorj sitizeni moqalaqeTa werilebis
seqciaSi sistematurad aqveynebda parlamentis ori reformatori wevris
mosazrebebs da igive SesaZleblobas ar aZlevda maT.
momCivanebis gancxadebiT, gazeTi axdenda maTi partiis (erovnul demokratiuli partia) aSkara diskriminacias, rac partiis mimarT moqalaqeTa damokidebulebaze aisaxeboda. momCivanebma TxovniT mimarTes sabWos, daedgina, ramdenad Seesabameboda gazeTis politika `Jurnalistur
eTikasa da samarTlianobis zogad principebs~.
mosmenis dros ramseim ganmarta, rom mas pretenzia hqonda ara gazeTis uflebasTan, Tavad ganesazRvra sakuTari saredaqcio politika, aramed `adgilobrivi politikosebis mimarT samarTlian da Tanaswor damokidebulebasTan~. misi azriT, samarTlianoba moiTxovda, rom gazeTs
an yvela adgilobrivi politikosis mosazreba gaeSuqebina saredaqcio
Tvalsazrisis gverdze, an aravisi.
redaqtorma roi nigelma daicva gazeTis saredaqcio politika, romelic saSualebas aZlevda parlamentarebs, yovelgvari anazRaurebis ga-

194

saredaqcio statia

reSe daeweraT saredaqcio svetisTvis sakuTari Sexedulebis amsaxveli

masalebi. saredaqcio politikis es norma ar vrceldeboda adgilobrivi
kabinetis wevrebze. redaqtoris ganmartebiT, es saSualebas aZlevda parlamentis wevrebs, xma miewvdinaT maTi otaveli amomrCevlebisaTvis maSin, rodesac adgilobrivi kabinetis wevrebis winaSe es problema ar idga
da maT xSirad ixseniebdnen sagazeTo axal ambebSi. misi TqmiT, usamarTloba iqneboda, kabinetis wevrebisaTvis Tvalsazrisis sveti adgilobrivi arCevnebis win rom daeTmoT. redaqtorma aRniSna, rom analogiurad
moiqceoda saparlamento arCevnebis wina periodSic. nigelma ganacxada,
rom saCivari exeboda ara samarTlianobas, aramed presis Tavisuflebas
da redaqtoris uflebas, saredaqcio gverdze is mosazrebebi gamoeqveynebina, romelTac Tavad CaTvlida mizanSewonilad.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari, radganac igi presis Tavisuflebis fundamentur princips exeboda.
motivacia: marTalia, zogma SeiZleba miiCnios, rom gazeTi mikerZoebulia Tavis arCevanSi, roca saqme gamosaqveynebel masalebs exeba, magram
es konstituciiT miniWebuli uflebaa. presis sabWo ver daadgens, ra aris
`samarTliani~, an ra SeiZleba gamoqveyndes an ar gamoqveyndes, radganac
es sityvis Tavisuflebis seriozuli xelyofa iqneba.
sabWom aRniSna, rom sazogadoebas aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos presisagan
meti pasuxismgeblobiT moekidos Tavis saqmianobas, radganac is aRWurvilia sazogadoebis mandatiT _ uzrunvelyos Tavisufali sazogadoebis
moqalaqeebis informireba.
27 seqtemberi, 1996

joan gedsbi `nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: CrdiloeT vankuveris raionuli sabWos yofilma wevrma joan gedsbim nord Sor niuzis winaaRmdeg sabWos Semdegi braldeba warudgina: momCivanis gancxadebiT, statia, romelic niuzSi 1993 wlis 12 noembers daibeWda, saTauriT `saboloo Sefaseba~, iyo mTlianad mikerZoebuli da warmoadgenda mis winaaRmdeg `laCrul~ Setevas. martin milerCipis mier gamoqveynebul saredaqcio statiaSi gesbis yvelaze dabali
niSani `3 minusiT~ ewera.
gedsbis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia iman, rom Sefaseba gazeTSi arCevnebamde
erTi kviriT adre gamoCnda. gedsbis TqmiT, statiis gamoqveynebis Semdeg,
mas Zalebis mosakrebad dro aRar darCa da swored es iyo misi damarcxebis
mizezi. gedsbis gancxadebiT, wina arCevnebSi igi yovelTvis didi upira-

195

tesobiT imarjvebda. gedsbim sTxova presis sabWos, daesaja niuzi araeTikuri JurnalistikisaTvis.
niuzis redaqtorma tim renSaum sabWos ganucxada, rom milerCipis statia warmoadgenda `samarTlian komentars~, garda amisa, milerCips yvelaze kargad SeeZlo sabWos wevrebis Sefaseba, radgan xuTi wlis manZilze
aSuqebda am organos saqmianobas da mis wevrTa umravlesobas piradad
icnobda. renSaum aRniSna, rom werilze garkveviT iyo miwerili `Tvalsazrisi~, raTa is tipiur informaciaSi aravis areoda.
milerCipma ganacxada, rom niSnebis werisas mas araviTari boroti ganzraxva ar amoZravebda. yvela Sefaseba eyrdnoboda avtoris pirad Sexedulebebs da es statiaSi naTlad iyo miTiTebuli.
gedsbis TqmiT, statiaSi mis Sesaxeb moyvanili arasasiamovno komentarebi Tavisuflad SeiZleba gakeTebuliyo sabWos sxva wevrebis mimarTac. magram, avtorma isini dazoga. `es iyo usamarTlo da daubalansebeli gaSuqeba. me ar vimsaxureb 3-s minusiT~.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWom daadgina, rom gedsbis moswreba iyo `samarTliani
komentari~. mosmenaze warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi sabWom safuZvlianad miiCnia imis dasadgenad, rom nord Sor niuzs yvela safuZveli
hqonda, ndoboda reportioris mier gakeTebul Sefasebas. milerCipis,
rogorc sabWos muSaobis gamSuqebeli reportioris, gamocdileba saSualebas aZlevda mas, sworad Seefasebina sabWos wevrTa saqmianoba.
miuxedavad amisa, sabWom gamoxata SeSfoTeba imis gamo, rom statiaSi
moyvanili zogierTi Sefaseba piraduli xasiaTis iyo da mTlad zustad
ar asaxavda saqmis viTarebas.
22 seqtemberi, 1994

nord Soris `sicocxlis momxreTa sazogadoeba~

`vankuver provinsis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: nord Soris sicocxlis momxreTa sazogadoebam vankuver
provinss gazeTis sakvirao nomerSi gamoqveynebuli saredaqcio statiis
gamo uCivla. entoni uordis sveti `ukanaskneli sityva~ Seexeboda im
terminologias, romelsac abortis mowinaaRmdegeTa moZraoba iyenebda.
sazogadoebam, romelsac misi prezidenti ros labri warmoadgenda, ganacxada, rom statia Seuracxyofda da arasworad warmoaCenda moZraobas
da bodiSis moxda moiTxova.
labris TqmiT, saredaqcio statia faqtobriv Secdomebsac Seicavda.
`erTaderTi, rac maT ainteresebT, adamianis Canasaxia~, _ werda Jurna-

196

saredaqcio statia
listi moZraobaze. labris gancxadebiT, maTi sazogadoeba aranakleb aris
dainteresebuli iseTi sakiTxebiT, rogoricaa evTanazia, invalidebsa da
xandazmulebze zrunva da momavali dedebis konsultireba.
Jurnalistma am moZraobis mier tyuilebis gavrcelebis magaliTad
moiyvana gazeTSi dabeWdili abortis sawinaaRmdego reklama. labris
TqmiT ki, reklamis Tanmxleb gancxadebaSi naTlad iyo aRniSnuli, rom
igi kerZo moqalaqis dakveTa iyo, romelic arc ki iyo abortis mowinaaRmdegeTa sazogadoebis wevri.
sakvirao gazeTis redaqtoris, molineqsis TqmiT, uordis svetis mizani iyo moZraobis mier gamoyenebuli terminologiis Seswavla. `statiis
mizani iyo provocireba da ara dabalansebuli Sexedulebebis gadmocema~, _ dasZina man. molineqsma ganacxada, rom Semdegi sveti seriidan
`ukanaskneli sityva~ swored sawinaaRmdego Sexedulebebs daeTmo. ufro metic, nacvlad tradiciuli mkiTxvelTa werilebis ganyofilebisa,
sapasuxo werilebi provinsma `saredaqcio statiebis~ ganyofilebaSi
gamoaqveyna.
momCivanis TqmiT ki, es yovelive ar iyo sakmarisi. miT ufro, rom werilis pirvel abzacSi naTqvami iyo, rom igi `eWvqveS ayenebda moZraobis
inteleqtualur patiosnebas~. amdenad, aSkara iyo, rom statia warmoadgenda moZraobis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebas.
faqtobriv SecdomasTan dakavSirebiT, molineqsma ganacxada, rom sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi sicocxlis momxreTa moZraoba, pirvel rigSi, abortebis winaaRmdeg brZolasTan asocirdeboda. rac Seexeba reklamis sakiTxs, misi TqmiT, uordis naTqvami arasworad gaiges.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari nawilobriv daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWom daadgina, rom aRniSnuli saredaqcio statia gacxadebuli miznidan gadaxra iyo. imis nacvlad, rom avtors ganexila terminologia, statia realurad warmoadgenda Tavdasxmas sicocxlis momxreTa sazogadoebaze. sabWom gamoxata SeSfoTeba statiis metismetad
mgznebare tonTan dakavSirebiT. marTalia, sabWo aRiarebs saredaqcio
statiebis avtorTa uflebas, iyvnen Zalian kritikulebi, magram igi ver
moiwonebs iseTi mosazrebebis gamoqveynebas, romlebic faqtobriv Secdomas emyareba. avtorma CaTvala, rom reklama sicocxlis momxreTa sazogadoebis mier iyo ganTavsebuli da Tavisi statiac amaze aago.
garda amisa, sabWom daadgina, rom gancxadeba, TiTqos xsenebuli sazogadoeba mxolod adamianis CanasaxiT iyo dainteresebuli, mcdari iyo. am
nawilebSi sabWom daakmayofila saCivari.
sabWom aseve ganixila sabris moTxovna gazeTis mier bodiSis moxdis
Taobaze. aRiniSna, rom rogorc wesi, gazeTebi maSinve asworeben daSvebul
Secdomebs, rogorc ki maT Sesaxeb Seityoben. am SemTxvevaSi, raki gazeTma
mosmenaze Seityo daSvebuli Secdomis Sesaxeb, sabWom gamoTqva imedi,
rom redaqcia mas dauyovnebliv gamoasworebda.
1984

197

3. faqtis da komentaris gamijvna

duait uenheni da eqTan-fsiqiatrTa kavSiri

`vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: 2001 wlis 14 aprils vankuver sanma gazeTis pirvel da Sida
gverdebze gamoaqveyna statiebi, romlebic vudlendis sulierad daavadebulTa klinikaSi pacientebisadmi cud mopyrobas Seexeboda.
sanma gamoZieba mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac reportiorma kim perbentonma
Seityo, rom provinciis mTavrobam yofil ombudsmens, dalsi makkelams
daavala, Seeswavla klinikaSi pacientebisadmi mopyrobis faqtebi da daedgina, hqonda Tu ara adgili maTi uflebebis darRvevas. perbentonma
gamohkiTxa yofili TanamSromlebi, pacientebi, pacientebis mSoblebi da
dawera ramdenime statia, romelSic aRwera vudlendSi pacientebze
seqsualuri, emociuri da fizikuri Zaldatanebis faqtebi.
eqTan-fsiqiatrTa kavSirma statiebi gaaprotesta, radgan kavSiris azriT, publikaciaSi moyvanili braldebebi iyo araswori, dausabuTebeli
an araadekvaturad gamoZiebuli da zians ayenebda eqTnebisa da klinikis
danarCeni personalis reputacias. kavSiris kadrebis samsaxuris direqtorma duait uenhemma presis sabWoSi iCivla. misi azriT, sanma daarRvia
presis kodeqsis sami muxli _ 1 (sizuste), 2 (pasuxis ufleba) da 4 (komentari da faqti).
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila eqTan-fsiqiatrTa
kavSiris mier vankuver sanisadmi wayenebuli saCivari. sabWom Tavidanve
uaryo braldeba, rom sadao publikaciebSi komentari da faqti erTmaneTSi iyo areuli. statiebSi moyvanili yvela braldeba eyrdnoboda wyaroebs, romlebic saxeliT da gvariT iyvnen identificirebuli.
Tumca, sabWom daadgina, rom gazeTma daarRvia me-4 muxli, rodesac
17 aprilis saredaqcio statiaSi Tavisive braldeba faqtad gaasaRa.
motivacia: marTalia, saredaqcio statiis dasawyisSive iyo saubari
`jerac daudasturebel braldebebze~, magram ukve qvemoT aRniSnuli
iyo Semdegi: `pembertonis gamoZiebam aCvena, rom invalidebs, romlebic ikbinebodnen, klinikaSi kbilebs aclidnen, gonebrivad CamorCenili gogonebis mimarT adgili hqonda Zaladobas, xolo mozrdilebs

198

faqtis da komentaris
gamijvna

Sxapis misaRebad TavSi xis joxis cemiT mierekebodnen~. saredaqcio

statiis es abzaci masSi CamoTvlil braldebebs dadasturebul faqtad
warmoadgenda, maSin, rodesac sinamdvileSi mxolod braldebebTan gvqonda saqme.
uenhemi aseve amtkicebda, rom gazeTma daarRvia me-2 muxlic da ar
misca mas braldebebze pasuxis droulad gacemis SesaZlebloba. mosmenis
dros sanis redaqtorma patricia gremma ganacxada, rom uenhemis sapasuxo
werili araswor adresats gadaeca, rasac Sesabamisad, molaparakebebis
gaWianureba mohyva. Tumca gremma aRiara, rom uenhemis pasuxis gamoqveyneba vudlendis gamoZiebis dabeWdvidan 17 dRis Semdeg, marTlac dagvianebuli iyo.
sabWos SefasebiT, gazeTebi valdebulni arian, saSualeba miscen mkiTxvels, gansakuTrebiT mas, visac masala pirdapir exeba, umokles vadaSi
gamoaqveynos pasuxi. am SemTxvevaSi es ar gakeTebula. sabWom aseve aRniSna, rom gazeTebi, romlebic akritikeben movlenebs, adamianebsa Tu organizaciebs, valdebulebi arian miiRon da gamoaqveynon TavianTi saqmianobis kritikac.
Tavisi gamosvlisas, momCivanma aRniSna, rom sabWos movaleoba iyo ara
imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda gazeTSi moyvanili informacia
sinamdviles, aramed imis dadgena, daarRvia Tu ara gazeTma am informaciis gamoqveynebiT praqtikis kodeqsi. pirvel muxlTan dakavSirebiT,
momCivanma eWvqveS daayena gazeTSi moyvanili rigi faqtebis sizuste da
ganacxada, rom maT adgili an ar hqonia, an naklebsavaraudoa, rom hqonoda. sabWos TiToeuli es SemTxveva detalurad ar Seuswavlia, radgan
momCivanma Tavad aRiara, rom arc mas da arc kavSiris sxva wevrebs ar
SeeZloT moyvanili faqtebis uaryofa im mizeziT, rom maT Sesaxeb araferi icodnen. Tumca, sabWom uzustobis sami SemTxveva mainc aRmoaCina.
sabWos SefasebiT, pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebul statiis saTaurs
`britaneTis kolumbia iwyebs vudlendis saqmis gamoZiebas~, mkiTxveli
SecdomaSi Sehyavda. saTauri tovebda STabeWdilebas, rom ombudsmenma
axlaxans daiwyo gamoZieba. sinamdvileSi ki vudlendis saqmis Seswavla
eqvsi Tvea rac mimdinareobda (unda aRiniSnos, rom saTauri statiis
avtors ar ekuTvnoda).
sabWom arasworad miiCnia agreTve meore statiis saTauric _ `damrRvevebi arasodes dausjiaT~. ganxilvaze sabWos waredgina mtkicebuleba, rom vudlendis klinikaSi sul mcire erTi TanamSromeli daisaja
Cadenili darRvevisaTvis. sanma aRiara uzustobis arseboba da ganacxada,
rom gaaswora daSvebuli Secdoma, rodesac 2001 wlis 1 maiss rubrikiT,
`werili redaqtors~ gamoaqveyna uenhemis poziciis gamomxatveli masala. sabWom ki arasakmarisad miiCnia Secdomis gasworebis aseTi forma.
rubrikiT, `werili redaqtors~ gamoqveynebul masalas mkiTxveli aRiq-

199

vams, rogorc kerZo mosazrebas. amdenad, mkiTxvelisaTvis rTuli iyo,

gazeTSi dabeWdili gansxvavebuli mosazreba gazeTis mxridan Secdomis
aRiarebad aReqva. gazeTma naTlad unda aRiaros mis mier daSvebuli Secdomebi da gamoaqveynos aRiareba an axali ambebis gverdze an werilebis
gverdze, oRond redaqtoris TandarTuli SeniSnvniT.
da bolos, sabWom ganixila am saqmis umTavresi aspeqti: uenhemis mtkicebiT, statiaSi moyvanili braldebebi saTanadod ar iyo dasabuTebuli
da rom saTuo iyo wyaroebis sandooba. igi ambobda, rom sani valdebuli
iyo, dakavSireboda sxva wyaroebsac, magaliTad vudlendis xelmZRvanelobas an TanamSromlebs da meore mxaris argumentebic moesmina. Tavisi
mosazrebis gasamyareblad, uenhemma mosmenaze sam eqTan-fsiqiatrs mouxmo, romlebic vudlendSi 1965-1995 wlebSi muSaobdnen. maT ganacxades,
rom sanSi aRweril arc erT ambavs ar Seswrebian da maT Sesaxeb arc aravisgan smeniaT. Tumca, maT isic aRiares, rom aseTi incidentebi SeiZleboda ise momxdariyo, rom maT arc araferi gaegoT.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sabWos formaluri ganaCeni ar gamoutania,
radgan aRniSna, rom balansis dacva da samarTlianoba uaRresad subieqturi sakiTxebia, romelTa Sesaxeb praqtikis kodeqsi arafers ambobs.
Tumca, sabWom aseTi komentari gaakeTa: `pembertonma Zalzed ambiciuri
da gabeduli saqme wamoiwyo _ vudlendSi momxdari SesaZlo darRvevebis Seswavla da mTavrobis mier am darRvevebis gamoZiebis inicireba. realurad, man ipova bevri mowme, romelTac saqmesTan uSualo Sexeba hqondaT, da romelTac surdaT, vudlendSi Seqmnil uaRresad SemaSfoTebel viTarebaze da iq mimdinare sistematur Zaladobaze esaubraT.~
uenhemis mowmeebma gamoTqves ukmayofileba imis gamo, rom sanis publikaciebSi araferi iyo naTqvami vudlendis pozitiur mxareebze da personalis mxridan pacientebisadmi gamoCenil yuradRebasa da TanagrZnobaze. es SeiZleba calke statiis Tema yofiliyo, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi
sanma yuradReba sxva rameze gaamaxvila.
pembertonma aRniSna, rom gazeTis saqmianobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
nawili isaa, rom sakuTari azris gamoTqmis saSualeba misces imaT, visac
saamisod sxva tribuna ar gaaCnia da gamoaSkaravos sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis is aspeqtebi, romelTa dRis sinaTleze gamotanasac bevri ar isurvebda. amave dros, man Tavadac aRiara, rom dasavluri Jurnalistikis
erT-erTi mTavari principi sadavo da winaaRmdegobrivi sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas balansis dacvaa.
rodesac informacia ZiriTadad braldebebs efuZneba, mniSvnelovania,
mopasuxe mxares mieces saSualeba, pasuxi gasces braldebebs, an eWvqveS
daayenos maTi WeSmariteba. am SemTxvevaSi sans es ar gaukeTebia.
pembertonma didi dro da energia daxarja im adamianebis ZebnaSi,

200

faqtis da komentaris
gamijvna

romlebic vudlendSi momxdar darRvevebze isaubrebdnen, maSin, rodesac

igi ufro naklebi enTuziazmiT cdilobda dakavSireboda im adamianebs,
romelTac SeeZloT braldebebze pasuxis gacema: menejerebs, eqimebs,
eqTnebs, dacvis TanamSromlebs, an Tundac im stomatologs, romelic
kbilebs aZrobda mkbenar pacientebs.
im Cvenebebidan gamomdinare, romelic sabWom moismina, meore mxaris
bevri warmomadgeneli mzad iyo, esaubra JurnalistTan, am ukanasknels
rom moendomebina maTi azris gageba. es ki mniSvnelovnad gaamdidrebda
Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis masalebs. mosmenis dros am adamianebma warmoadgines pacientebisaTvis kbilebis daZrobis sxvagvari axsna, romelsac
`kbenasTan~ saerTo araferi hqonda. Tavad sanis or wyarosac ar dausaxelebia `kbena~, rogorc kbilebis daZrobis mizezi. raki vudlendis masala
ar iyo operatiuli informacia da gazeTi ar iyo droSi SezRuduli, pembertons SeeZlo, meore mxarisTvisac moesmina. an sans SeeZlo xazi gaesva
imisaTvis, rom statiebSi jerac daudasturebel braldebebze iyo
saubari. pembertonma ganacxada, rom TiToeuli braldebis ukan, sul cota sami mowme idga da rom saredaqcio politikiT gansazRvruli standartebis Tanaxmad, es sakmarisi safuZveli iyo braldebebis gamosaqveyneblad.
sabWom gasagebad miiCnia is garemoeba, rom gazeTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli drois limitis gaTvaliswinebiT, xSirad ubralod SeuZlebelia
sawyis statiebSi gadmoices sruli da dabalansebuli informacia. alternatiuli mosazrebebi xSirad momdevno statiebSi qveyndeba.
mosmenis dasasruls gazeTis redaqtorma dado piroba, rom Semdgom
statiebSi mosmenaze gamoZaxebuli mowmeebis mosazrebebsac gaiTvaliswinebda. sabWom gamoTqva imedi, rom mowmeebis, iseve rogorc sxva dainteresebul pirTa Cvenebebi kidev ufro gaamdidrebda Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis masalebs.
19 seqtemberi, 2001

201

4. sizuste

laionel keneri `nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: laionel kerelis gancxadebiT, nord Sor niuzma gamoavlina
sruli uyuradReboba faqtebisadmi, rodesac 1993-94 wlebSi gamoaqvena
dag kolinzis saredaqcio werilebis seria, romelic holokostis Sesaxeb
sayovelTaod gavrcelebul Sexedulebebs eZRvneboda.
keneri asaCivrebda im faqts, rom kolinzi sistematurad, konteqstis
gareSe iyenebda sxvadasxva pirebis mier gakeTebul komentarebs, riTac
iZleoda araswor warmodgenas imis Sesaxeb, rasac realurad respodentebi ambobdnen. aseTi damaxinjebuli komentarebis gamoqveyneba ki, misi
SefasebiT, sruliad Seuwynarebeli iyo rogorc gazeTisaTvis, ise avtorisaTvis. momCivani acxadebda, rom gazeTma daarRvia praqtikis kodeqsis
pirveli muxli (sizuste), romelic mouwodebs gazeTebs, yvelaferi gaakeTon, raTa Segnebulad, an daudevrobiT, ar dabeWdon mcdari informacia. keneri Txovda sabWos, eRiarebina pirveli muxlis darRveva, moeTxova avtorisagan da gazeTisagan bodiSis moxda da sajarod gaekicxa
gazeTi da avtori, romlebic `Segnebulad tyuodnen sazogadoebisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovan sakiTxze~.
gazeTis redaqtori timoTi renSou ar daeTanxma braldebas da ganacxada, rom kolinzma gaakeTa is, rac evaleba saredaqcio werilebis avtors
_ gamoiwvia cxare diskusia sxvadasxva sakiTxebze. mosmenaze kolinzma
ganacxada, rom mas ufleba aqvs, eWvqveS daayenos sayovelTaod aRiarebuli
mosazrebebi gnebavT holokostis, gnebavT nebismieri sxva sakiTxis Sesaxeb.
`demokratiisaken mimavali gza grZeli, mZime da sisxliani iyo. Tu
gvinda, rom demokratia gadarCes, unda gvqondes ufleba, eWvqveS
davayenoT sayovelTaod aRiarebuli WeSmaritebebi~, _ dasZina man.
keneri mogvianebiT werda, rom mas araviTari piradi daintereseba ar
hqonda holokostis mimarT, magram igi sisxlxorceulad iyo dainteresebuli Rirseuli presiT. `es ar aris sityvis Tavisuflebis sakiTxi,
es aris WeSmaritebis sakiTxi~, _acxadebda is.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWom gaiziara braldeba or publikaciasTan dakavSire-

202

sizuste

biT. erT-erT statiaSi `istoria mudmivad icvleba~, romelic holokostis Sedegad gardacvlili ebraelebis raodenobas Seexeboda, kolinzs moyvanili hyavda ebraeli mecnieris, iahuda baueris citata: `bolo gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad, msxverpli ufro naklebi iyo, vidre Tavidan egonaT. Tumca, sazogadoebam es jer ar icis~. rogorc mogvianebiT gairkva, bauerma es gancxadeba niu-iork taimsSi gaakeTa da is mxolod
osvencimSi moklul ebraelTa raodenobas exeboda.
meore statiaSi kolinzi werda: `ra mniSvneloba aqvs, ramdeni adamiani
daiRupa _ 6 milioni, Tu mxolod 300 aTasi, rogorc amas wiTeli jvari
amtkicebs~. am SemTxvevaSi, sabWos daskvniT, kolinzis xelSi SeiZleba
moxvedriliyo ori dokumenti, romlebic wiTel jvars miewereba. kenerma
warmoadgina wiTeli jvris saTao ofisis pozicia, romlis Tanaxmadac,
saerTod saTuo iyo am dokumentebis utyuaroba. Tanac, saerTaSoriso wiTeli
jvris gancxadebiT, es cifri mainc ar Seesabameboda mTeli holokostis dros
nacistTa sakoncentracio banakebSi daRupulTa raodenobas.
kolinzis mier citatis yvelaze ufro TvalSisacemi damaxinjebis magaliTi iyo mis mier arno maieris azris gadmocema: `me ar mjera am gazis
kamerebis. isini Zalian iSviaTia da saeWvo~. realurad ki maieris citata Semdegnairad JRers: `wyaroebi, romlebic gazis kamerebis Sesaxeb
mogviTxroben, iSviaTia da saeWvo... maT Soris bevri winaaRmdegoba
da Seusabamoba arsebobs. amis uaryofa ar SeiZleba, magram aseve ar
SeiZleba imis uaryofa, rom osvencimSi gazis kamerebs ebraelTa masobrivi ganadgurebisaTvis iyenebdnen~.
zemoxsenebul SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT sabWom daadgina, rom realurad saxeze iyo pirveli muxlis darRveva.
Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi sabWom ar gaiziara keneris argumentebi.
sabWo ar daeTanxma momCivanis moTxovnas gazeTisagan bodiSis moxdis Taobaze da miiCnia, rom kolinzs da gazeTs Segnebulad ar moutyuebiaT
mkiTxveli. niuzis mier am ganaCenis gamoqveyneba niSnavda bodiSis moxdas
xsenebuli sami Secdomis gamo. es saCivari realurad Seexeba istoriis
interpretacias, sadac uTanxmoeba da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba Cveuli ambavia, amitom sabWos ar SeuZlia, bodiSis moxda mosTxovos kolinzs sakiTxis Sesaxeb mis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gamo.
sabWom ar dagmo kolinzi an gazeTi imis gamo, rom maT isargebles
konstituciiT miniWebuli gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT. sazogadoebas aqvs
ufleba, ar gaiziaros arapopularuli an winaaRmdegobrivi Sexedulebebi, magram ara aqvs maTi CaxSobis ufleba. sabWom aRniSna, rom niuzi
Tavis gverdebze xSirad aqveynebda gansxvavebul mosazrebebsac. keneris
40 aTas sityviani saCivari cxadyofda, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli
mosazrebebi sazogadoebaSi gamoxmaurebas poulobda.
1995

203

jon hofsesi `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: kanaduri sazogadoebis sikvdilis ufleba direqtorma jon
hofsesma vankuver sanSi 1993 wlis 26 aprils gamoqveynebuli nikol partonis statiis gamo sabWos mimarTa. werili, romelic axal ambebs
ganekuTvneboda, Semdegnairad iyo dasaTaurebuli: `policia swavlobs
sazogadoeba `sikvdilis uflebis~ saqmianobas. direqtor jon hofsesis winaaRmdeg gamoZieba daiwyo~. momCivani gazeTs praqtikis kodeqsis
1 muxlis (sizuste) darRvevaSi adanaSaulebda.
Tavis saCivarSi hofsesma aRniSna, rom mis winaaRmdeg araviTari gamoZieba ar mimdinareobda da Jurnalistis mier am gancxadebis gakeTeba iyo
tendenciurobis gamovlena da mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvana. marTalia,
erTi wlis winaT hofsess abortebis mowinaaRmdege aqtivistma Seril
eksteinma uCivla, romelic amtkicebda, rom man konsultacia gauwia vinme
siu rodrigess TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb, riTac daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 241-e muxli, magram policia am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT
arc rodrigess dakavSirebia da arc hofsess.
hofsesma gaaprotesta statiis ramdenime sxva fragmentis sizustec.
magram misi mTavari pretenzia iyo is, rom informaciuli TvalsazrisiT
statia ar iyo mniSvnelovani da rom misi gamoqveynebis erTaderTi motivi partonis piradi boroti zraxva iyo, negatiurad warmoeCina
sazogadoeba sikvdilis uflebis saqmianoba.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila, Tumca gamoTqva
ori SeniSvna statiasTan dakavSirebiT.
motivacia: saqmis masalebis gulmodgined Seswavlis Sedegad, sabWom
statiaSi uzustobebis arseboba ver daadgina. sabWos azriT, xsenebuli
sazogadoebis Sesaxeb kanadaSi debatebi ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs da
amdenad sansac sruli ufleba hqonda, daewera im Temaze, romelic sazogadoebis aseT did interess iwvevs. sabWom ar gaiziara hofsesis azri
imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos statiis avtors sazogadoeba sikvdilis uflebis
winaaRmdeg uaryofiTi informaciis gavrcelebis boroti zraxva amoZravebda.
rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs, pirvel rigSi, sabWos azriT, statia gacilebiT
samarTliani iqneboda rogorc mkiTxvelis, ise hofsesis mimarT, Tu gazeTi miawodebda mkiTxvels informacias, ra tipis gamoZieba mimdinareobda sazogadoeba sikvdilis uflebis winaaRmdeg. saqme Zvel gamoZiebas
exeboda Tu axals? Tu Zveli iyo, ra moxda iseTi, ramac igi mniSvnelovani
gaxada? am SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis SemTxvevaSi mkiTxvels varaudebisa da eWvebisaTvis naklebi sababi darCeboda.
rogorc aRmoCnda, saqmeSi axali araferi iyo. 1992 wlis dekemberSi
sans ukve hqonda gamoqveynebuli erTi statia, romelSic saubari iyo ima-

204

sizuste

ze, rom policia iZiebda sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, urCia Tu ara hofsesma rodrigess Tavis mokvla. amave statiaSi naTqvami iyo, rom gamoZieba abortebis mowinaaRmdege aqtivistis, Seril eksteinis saCivars mohyva. imis dasamtkiceblad, rom gamoZieba namdvilad mimdinareobda, partonma moiyvana policiis oficris citata. policieli arafers ambobda imaze, Tu
ris safuZvelze mimdinareobda gamoZieba. amis Sesaxeb mxolod eksteini
saubrobda. misi TqmiT, `policia dainteresda hofsesiT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, rac eqimis daxmarebiT
TviTmkvlelobas (assisted suicide)5 ukavSirdeba~. Tumca, statiidan
gaugebari rCeboda, saidan hqonda es informacia eksteins. informaciis
arasrulfasovneba Sedegad iwvevda mkiTxvelis dabnevas, radganac
gaurkveveli rCeboda, ra saxis gamoZieba mimdinareobda.
meorec, sabWos SefasebiT, statiis saTauri iwvevda mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvanas, radgan saTaurSi gamoTqmuli informacia gamoZiebis
mimdinareobis Sesaxeb statiaSi ar dasturdeboda.
26 noemberi, 1993

teri milni `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: teri milnis saCivris mizezi gaxda is, rom redaqciam 1997
wlis 14 dekembers provinsSi gamoqveynebuli misi werili daaredaqtira.
werili warmoadgenda milnis pasuxs maikl smitis saredaqcio statiaze,
romelic exeboda reformistuli partiis SabaT-kviris Sexvedras. milni
werda, rom smitis werilSi daSvebuli iyo bevri uzustoba da miuTiTebda
oTx konkretul Secdomaze. gazeTSi gamoqveynebul milnis sapasuxo werilSi sityva `Secdomebi~ Secvlili iyo sityviT `SeniSvnebi~, xolo avtoris sxva pretenziebi saerTod amoRebuli iyo werilidan. momCivanis
gancxadebiT, amiT gazeTma daamaxinja misi mosazrebebi da Seasusta misi
argumentebi.
provinsis mTavari redaqtori maikl kuki ar daeTanxma pretenziebs.
man ganacxada, rom tabloidisaTvis werili sakmaod vrceli iyo da is
mxolod Semoklebis da meti sicxadis Setanis mizniT Sesworda. misive
TqmiT, Tundac Semoklebuli da perifrazirebuli saxiT, moxerxda werilis arsis SenarCuneba.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari daakmayofila.
motivacia: marTalia, provinsma adekvaturad Seajama milnis mier moyvanili Secdomebis oTxi magaliTi, magram amave dros gazeTma Searbila originaluri werili da termini `Secdomebi~ Secvala `SeniSvnebiT~. garda

205

amisa, gazeTma amoiRo smitis sxva kritikac, riTac Secvala werilis toni
da igi aRSfoTebis gamomxatveli statiidan teqnikuri SeniSvnebis krebulad
aqcia. sabWom aRniSna, rom redaqcias SeuZlia Seamoklos werili, ufro
gasagebi gaxados igi, amoiRos Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebi, garkveulwilad Secvalos Sinaarsi, magram unda SeinarCunos werilis toni da
mizani. gazeTebi gansakuTrebiT didsulovani unda iyvnen maT mimarT, viszec
kritikuli masalebi gamoaqveynes da visac am kritikaze pasuxis gacema surs.
gazeTebma unda miiRon maTi misamarTiT gamoTqmuli kritika.
sabWom aRniSna, rom marTalia, provinss ar amoZravebda boroti ganzraxva, magram mas meti yuradReba unda gamoeCina milnis werilis Sesworebisas.
14 maisi, 1998

uoren kinsela `nord Sor niuzisa~

da dag kolinzis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: liberaluri partiis yofilma kandidatma uoren kinselam,
romelic 1997 wlis federalur arCevnebze CrdiloeT vankoverSi iyrida
kenWs, ganacxada, rom nord Sor niuzSi kolinzis mier dawerili saredaqcio statiebis seriaSi 20 faqtobrivi Secdoma aRmoaCina. kandidatis
TqmiT, misi yvela mcdeloba, gazeTs Secdoma Seesworebina, an moebodiSebina, uSedego aRmoCnda.
sabWom saCivarSi miTiTebuli 20 Secdomidan mxolod ori gaiziara,
saxeldobr:
3 kolinzma SecdomiT dawera, rom erT-erTi politikuri
Sexvedris dros, kinselam iqirava Teatris Senoba, maSin, rodesac
mas igi ar uqiravebia. aseTive Secdoma dauSva gazeTis meore
Jurnalistmac, magram man Tavadve moixada bodiSi;
3 kolinzma dawera, rom manitobas sami mkvidri rasizmSi
daadanaSaules, magram mogvianebiT braldebebi mouxsnes.
kinselas wignSi ki naTqvamia, rom maT winaaRmdeg braldebebi
ZalaSi darCa. sasamarTlo Canawerebis Semowmebam kinselas
simarTle cxadyo.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWos rva wevridan xuTma ganacxada, rom xsenebuli 20
Secdomidan 2 marTlac iyo daSvebuli. darCenili sami wevri ki iTxovda,
rom sabWos mTlianad eTqva uari saCivarze, radgan kolinzis sveti iyo
komentari winasaarCevno kampaniaze da ara faqtebis gadmocemis mcdeloba. sabWos wevrTa umciresobis azriT, Jurnalistma statiaSi gamoxata

206

sizuste

sakuTari azri politikuri kandidatis Sesaxeb, rac gazeTs unda gaekeTebina kidec. daSvebul Secdomebs gavlena ar mouxdenia avtoris mTavar
argumentze.
sabWos daskvniT, saqmis formaluri ganxilva ar Sedgeboda, gazeTsa
da kinselas rom meti urTierTgageba gamoevlinaT. Tavdapirvelad gazeTma SesTavaza kinselas pasuxis gamoqveyneba, magram Semdgom advokatis
rCeviT, amaze uari uTxra. amis Semdeg, kinselam presis sabWoSi saCivris
Setana amjobina.
da bolos, sabWom kidev erTxel daadastura Tavisi erTguleba im
principisadmi, romlis mixedviTac, gazeTebsa da saredaqcio statiebis
avtorebs ufleba aqvT _ gamoaqveynon mosazrebaTa maqsimalurad farTo
speqtri, rac ar unda winaaRmdegobrivi an arapopularulic ar iyos es
mosazrebebi, magram amave dros, maT sakuTari varaudi damtkicebul faqtad ar unda gaasaRon.
1997

doqtori parfiti `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: krenbukelma orTopedma qirurgma doqtorma parfitma gaasaCivra vankuver sanSi gamoqveynebuli barbara iafes saredaqcio statia,
romelic mas warmoaCenda rogorc xarb eqims, romelic rac SeiZleba meti
fulis Sovnis mizniT, gvian Ramemde muSaobda. statiaSi, saubari iyo agreTve damxmare medpersonalis mier profkavSiris Seqmnis mcdelobasa da
am saqmisadmi parfitisa da sxva eqimebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
parfiti Cioda, rom iafes statia tendenciuri iyo imitom, rom arafers ambobda imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom moimata ase swrafad bolo wels
eqimis Semosavlebma, miuxedavad imisa, rom eqimma avtors es informacia
Tavad miawoda. iafes TqmiT, marTalia, parfiti acxadebda, rom 1982 wlis
Semdeg misi xelfasi mxolod 2%-iT gaizarda, misi Semosavlis realuri
zrda mxolod 93-dan 94 wlamde 18%-s Seadgenda. parfitis gansakuTrebuli aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia iafes statiis erTma nawilma: `eqimma Tqva,
rom raki maTi xelfasebi ase umniSvnelod izrdeba, igi iZulebulia,
kviraSi 80 saaTi imuSaos. ar aris cudi, rodesac sakuTar Semosavalze
aseTi sruli kontroli gaqvs~.
mosmenaze partifma ganacxada, rom misi Semosavlebis swrafi zrda
imiT aixsneboda, rom meore orTopeds wlis umetesi nawili ar umuSavia,
amitom mas gacilebiT meti pacienti hyavda. misi TqmiT, Jurnalists
marTebda esec daewera, rac iafem ar gaakeTa.
sanis Tvalsazrisis gverdis redaqtorma, patricia gremma ganacxada,

207

rom iafes statiaSi araferi iyo tendenciuri an damaxinjebuli, es iyo

`samarTliani komentari~. gremma aRniSna, rom rac ar unda ilaparakon
eqimebma TavianTi finansuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, isini fuls saxelmwifo saxsrebidan iReben da amitom, maT, Semosavlebi sazogadoebrivi
msjelobis sagani unda iyos.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom daakmayofila saCivari imis Taobaze, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli saredaqcio statia araswor warmodgenas iZleoda
misi motivaciisa da profesiuli eTikis Sesaxeb. Tumca, amasTanave erTi
SeniSvnac gamoTqva.
motivacia: sabWom daadgina, rom barbara iafes svetSi ori mniSvnelovani Secdoma iyo daSvebuli:
pirveli. saTauri `eqimi, romelic siRaribeze wuwunebs~ araswori
iyo. igi ar gamomdinarobda arc werilis Sinaarsidan da arc mosmenaze
gakeTebuli gancxadebebidan SeiZleboda msgavsi daskvnis gakeTeba.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom saTauri iafes darqmeuli ar yofila.
meore. fragments _ `eqimma Tqva, rom raki maTi xelfasebi ase umniSvnelod izrdeba, igi iZulebulia kviraSi 80 saaTi imuSaos~ _ mkiTxveli SecdomaSi Sehyavda, radgan afiqrebinebda, rom eqimi mxolod fulis
Sovnis mizniT muSaobda amdens. realurad ki eqimi Tavisi profesiisadmi
erTgulebis da ara fulis gamo muSaobs zedmeti datvirTviT, miT umetes,
rom im dros igi erTaderTi orTopedi iyo regionSi. es garemoeba ki
statiaSi ar asaxula.
sabWom gaakeTa erTi daTqma, saxeldobr yuradReba gaamaxvila uaryofis gamoqveynebis aucileblobaze. sanma SesTavaza partifs, pasuxi gaeca avtorisaTvis. eqimma marTlac dawera sapasuxo werili, magram rodesac naxa, Tu rogor daaredaqtires igi, gamoqveynebaze Tavadve Tqva
uari. mosmenis dros, gazeTma eqims werilis gamoqveyneba kidev erTxel
SesTavaza.
1995

deputati svend robinsoni

`vankuver provinsis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: deputat svend robinsonis saCivris mizezi gaxda 1994 wlis
4 Tebervals vankuver provinsis pirvel gverdze gamoqveynebuli statia,
saTauriT `policiis mowodeba prokurors: brali wauyene svends~.
bralis wayenebis mizezi, statiis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos Seuracxyofa
iyo, rac gzis blokirebaSi gamoixata. robinsonis gancxadebiT, Jurnalist maklintokis gancxadebis sawinaaRmdegod, policias prokurorisaTvis amgvari TxovniT ar miumarTavs.

208

sizuste

statia eyrdnoboda konfidencialuri wyaros informacias, romlis

Tanaxmadac, policiis serJantma jonstonma prokuraturas deputatisa
da ramdenime sxva pirovnebis winaaRmdeg sasamarTlos Seuracxyofis
braldebiT saqmis aRZvra sTxova. gazeTma ar icoda, rom rodesac serJantma jonstonma prokurors werili gadasca, sityvierad moaxsena, rom
misi azriT, braldebis wayeneba ar iyo saWiro. policiis oficers ki am
dros ufleba aqvs, gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexeduleba.
mosmenaze robinsonma ganacxada, rom provinsis informacia mcdari
iyo, radgan policiam prokuraturas `ubralod~ SesTavaza saqmis aRZvra,
maSin, rodesac TviTon amas zedmetad miiCnevda. jonstonis Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebam 1994 wlis 6 ivliss Seityo, rodesac robinsoni
sasamarTlos winaSe warsdga. man aRiara danaSauli, romelic provinsis
Tebervlis publikaciaSi iyo aRwerili: sasamarTlos Seuracxyofa, risTvisac ganaCenic gamoutanes. igi sasamarTlos winaSe warsdga imis gamo,
rom prokurorma mainc gadawyvita, saqmisaTvis msvleloba mieca.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari, magram gamoTqva
mciredi SeniSvna.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, provinsi marTebulad moiqca, rodesac es
informacia gamoaqveyna, miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc mogvianebiT aRmoCnda, Tavdapirveli informacia arasruli iyo. sabWom aRniSna, rom saTauri odnav gazviadebuli iyo, radgan policiam ki ar `mouwoda~ prokuraturas, ubralod warudgina SesaZlo braldeba. gazeTi daeyrdno
erT, konfidencialur wyaros da aRniSnuli informaciis gamoqveynebiT
sakuTar Tavze aiRo riski. marTalia, sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila,
magram gamoTqva ramdenime SeniSnva robinsonis sasamarTlo procesis
Semdeg gazeTis qmedebebTan dakavSirebiT:
rodesac jonstonma sajarod gamoTqva Tavisi Sexeduleba
3
sasamarTlo procesze, romelsac provinsis reportioric
eswreboda, gazeTs SeeZlo gaegrZelebina TebervalSi
wamowyebuli Tema da gamoeqveynebina Tanmdevi statia, magram es
ar gaakeTa da sagazeTo `farTis ekonomia~ moimizeza.
provinss meti dro unda daeTmo Jurnalisturi gamoZiebisaTvis
3
da ufro gulmodgined gaerkvia policiis pozicia aRniSnul
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi ar dauSvebda Tundac
umniSvnelo uzustobas.
sabWom SeSfoTeba gamoTqva gazeTis moqmedebis gamo, rac imaSi
3
gamoixata, rom pirveli mosmenisaTvis provinsi saTanadod ar iyo
momzadebuli da saWiro gaxda xelaxali mosmenis daniSnva.
24 ivlisi, 1995

209

brain makuorti `barnebi niuzlideris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: brain makuorti iyo mkvlelobis msxverplis rZali. presis
sabWosTvis wardgenili misi saCivari barnebi niuzlideris mier am mkvlelobis gaSuqebas exeboda. momCivanis gancxadebiT, gazeTma misi siZis
mkvleloba arasworad daukavSira `gangsterul saqmianobas~. statiaSi
moyvanili iyo policiis pres-mdivnis citata, rom braian uiliam paskalidisis mkvleloba iyo `profesionalis namuSevari~. oTxi dRis Semdeg, gazeTma gamoaqveyna statia, romelic Semdegi sityvebiT iwyeboda:
`is dro, rodesac qalaqi barnebi daculi iyo gangsterebisagan, warsuls Cabarda. samSabaTs qalaqSi meoTxe mkvleloba moxda. wels, es
iyo gangsterul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli mesame mkvleloba~.
dasasruls, statiaSi moTxrobili iyo `wina ori mkvlelobis Sesaxeb,
romelTac policia aseve gangsterebs ukavSirebda~. makuorti acxadebda, rom mkvlelobis gangsterul saqmianobasTan dakavSireba iyo
presis kodeqsis pirveli muxlis darRveva, romlis Tanaxmad, gazeTis
upirvelesi movaleoba sazogadoebis zusti informaciiT uzrunvelyofa
da daSvebuli uzustobebis dauyovneblivi aRmofxvraa.
mosmena daiwyo imiT, rom niuzlideris Jurnalistma maikl makkvilanma
mwuxareba gamoTqva daSvebuli Secdomis gamo. man aRiara, rom daeyrdno
anonimi policielebis naTqvams da ar gaiTvaliswina, rom policielebis
monaTxrobi `spekulaciuri xasiaTis~ iyo.
mogvianebiT, redaqtorma greg nilma aRiara, rom mkvlelobis gangsterebTan kavSiri ar iyo dadasturebuli da gazeTs Tavis Tavze ar unda
aeRo am mosazrebis mtkiceba. es gancxadebebi sabWom Secdomis sajaro
aRiarebad miiCnia. man agreTve gaiTvaliswina redaqtoris gancxadeba, rom
`savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo am Temaze kidev erTi statiis gamoqveyneba~,
riTac SeiZleboda Secdomis gamosworeba. sabWos azriT, es problema,
SesaZlebelia, adreve gadawyvetiliyo, an uSualod mxareebs Soris, an
sabWos samediatoro samsaxuris SuamavlobiT. Tumca, mxareebma es procedurebis arcodnis gamo ver moaxerxes.
gadawyvetileba: sabWo daeTanxma mosazrebas, rom am SemTxvevaSi marTlac dairRva pirveli muxli.
motivacia: sabWom gaamaxvila yuradReba imaze, Tu rogor daikarga am
Secdomis gasworebis Sansi. es ki imitom moxda, rom arc erTma mxarem ar
icoda, rogor unda moqceuliyo, garda amisa, gazeTi ar icnobda presis sabWos procedurebs. sabWos azriT, es SemTxveva kidev erTxel adasturebs
misi samediatori samsaxuris mniSvnelobas, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia davis mSvidobianad gadaWra, formaluri mosmenis gareSe. davebis
didi umravlesoba bolo xans swored am samsaxuris meSveobiT gvardeba.
2003

210

sizuste
jon iangi `viqtoria taims kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: braldeba Seexeboda viqtoria taims kolonistSi gamoqveynebul statias, romelSic saubari iyo viqtorias skolebis sabWos mier
miRebul dadgenilebaze. aRniSnuli dadgenileba gansazRvravda, skolebis meurveebisaTvis sabWoSi arsebuli informaciis xelmisawvdomobis
sakiTxs. am dokumentis Tanaxmad, meurveebs dokumentaciaze xeli miuwvdebodaT, magram Tu skolebis superintendanti sxvagvarad gadawyvetda,
maSin sakiTxi sabWos unda ganexila. jon iangma, romelic skolis meurvea
da romelic informaciis Seuferxebel miRebas iTxovda, presis sabWoSi
iCivla. iangis TqmiT, aRniSnulma statiam ziani miayena mis imijsa da misi,
rogorc meurvis, reputacias.
statiis pirvel abzacSi ewera: `viqtorias saskolo olqSi erTxel
da samudamod damTavrda moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis saqaRaldeebSi qeqva da kudianebze nadiroba~.
iangma ganucxada sabWos, rom werili iseT STabeWdilebas tovebda,
TiTqos mas informaciis mopoveba `kudianebze nadirobisaTvis~ undoda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWom statiaSi veraferi aRmoaCina iseTi, rac daadasturebda iangis braldebas, TiTqos statias SecdomaSi Sehyavda mkiTxveli. mTlianobaSi, statia samarTliani da dabalansebuli iyo. iangs mieca
Tavisi azris gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba, rodesac taims-kolonistma misi
pasuxi dabeWda. daibeWda sxva meurvis werilic, romelic mxars uWerda
iangis Sexedulebebs. amitom, sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
1988

britaneTis kolumbiis leiboristTa federacia

`taims-kolonistis winaaRmdeg
saCivari: britaneTis kolumbiis leiboristTa federaciis saCivari
taims-kolonistis winaaRmdeg Seexeboda misi prezidentis, ken jorjetis
preskonferenciis gaSuqebas. statia, romelic preskonferencias aRwerda, Semdegnairad iyo dasaTaurebuli _ `jorjeti SesaZleblad miiCnevs
sayovelTao gaficvas~. pirvelive abzacSi aRniSnuli iyo, `rogorc
jorjetim ganacxada, Tu mTavroba gamoiyenebs axal kanons (Sromis
pirobebis Sesaxeb) koleqtiur xelSekrulebebSi Casarevad, SesaZlebelia, daiwyos sayovelTao gaficva~. igive mosazreba statiaSi sxvaganac meordeboda. federaciis azriT, gazeTSi moyvanili gancxadeba SeTiTxnili iyo. federaciis warmomadgenlebis foukisisa da andsteinis
TqmiT, jorjetis saerTod ar uxsenebia `sayovelTao gaficva~.
erT-erTma Jurnalistma jorjetis dausva kiTxva: im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mTavroba Caereoda sabiujeto dawesebulebaTa profkavSirebis molapa-

211

rakebebSi, dadgeboda Tu ara dRis wesrigSi sayovelTao gaficvis sakiTxi? am SekiTxvaze ki jorjetim Semdegi sityvebiT upasuxa: `Cven arafers
gamovricxavT~. federaciis azriT, gazeTma daamaxinja preskonferenciis Sinaarsi, `raTa igi gazeTis miznebisaTvis ukeT moergo~.
taims-kolonistis redaqtorma gordon belma ganacxda, rom qalaqis
seqciis redaqtorma reportiorTan konsultaciis Sedegad gadawyvita
Seecvala masala, raTa aqcenti gaekeTebina im detalze, romelic sazogadoebas yvelaze metad ainteresebda. es ki misi ganmartebiT, yoveldRiur saredaqcio rutinaSi Cveuli praqtika iyo. belis TqmiT, is, rom
jorjetis Tavad ar uxsenebia sayovelTao gaficva, bevrs arafers niSnavda. jorjetis pasuxidan aSkara iyo, rom mTavrobis Carevis SemTxvevaSi, profkavSiri swored ase moiqceoda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: marTalia, statia ZiriTadad sworad gadmoscemda jorjetis preskonferenciis Sinaarss, magram sabWos azriT, misi zogierTi
komentari umniSvnelod damaxinjda. saTauri ki ufro Sors wavida, vidre
amis saSualebas statiaSi gamoqveynebuli faqtebi iZleoda. sabWom ver
aRmoaCina Segnebuli gayalbebis an damaxinjebis damadasturebeli sabuTi
da ar daeTanxma federaciis mosazrebas, rom raki jorjetis TviTon ar
uxsenebia `sayovelTao gaficva~, igi ar apirebda am meTodisTvis miemarTa. Tumca, federaciamac aRiara, rom kiTxva da masze pasuxi mowmobda
imas, rom gaficvis mowyoba gamoricxuli ar iyo. amasTanave sabWom aRiara,
rom preskonferenciis es aspeqti gazviadebuli iyo.
1988

j.t. rozeni `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: dava gamoiwvia 1986 wels Catarebulma konkursma `mis vankuveri~. saCivari provinsis winaaRmdeg aRZra kolingvudis adgilobrivi
asociaciis prezidentma da gamarjvebulis mamam, j.t. rozenma. misma qaliSvilma debi rozenma konkursSi monawileoba miiRo, rogorc mis kolingvudma. rozenis TqmiT, provinsis mier am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT gamoqveynebuli statia iyo mikerZoebuli, romelSic Segnebulad iyo gayalbebuli faqtebi.
statiaSi zogierTi damarcxebuli konkursanti saubrobda interesTa
konfliqtis Taobaze, iqidan gamomdinare, rom debi asociaciis prezidentis qaliSvili iyo. asociaciis sxva wevrebma ganacxades, rom rodesac
rozenis qaliSvilis kandidaturas ixilavdnen, j.t. rozenma droebiT datova sxdoma. misi, rogorc prezidentis Tanamdebobas ki ganxilvaze gavlena ar mouxdenia.
provinsis warmomadgenlis, jon feris gancxadebiT, gazeTma ubralod
aRwera warmoqmnili dava da aravisi mxare ar dauWeria. misi TqmiT, raki

212

sizuste
gaCnda eWvi interesTa konfliqtis Sesaxeb, gazeTi valdebuli iyo, es
Tema gaeSuqebina.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWom ar gaiziara momCivanis braldebebi, rom statiebi iyo
mikerZoebuli da Segnebulad damaxinjebuli, Tumca aRniSna, rom daSvebuli
iyo ramdenime Secdoma da gamotovebuli iyo ramdenime faqti. statiebSi
sakmaod samarTlianad iyo asaxuli is dava, romelic konkursSi SesaZlo
interesTa konfliqtma gamoiwvia. amave dros, sabWos azriT, provinsi
arasworad moiqca, rodesac ar gamoaqveyna am statiebze ramdenime
gamoxmaureba, maT Soris konkursis Tavmjdomarisa da mosamarTlis werilebi.
sabWom aseve urCia provinss, gadaexeda Tavisi saredaqcio politikisaTvis mkiTxvelTa werilebis gamoqveynebasTan dakavSirebiT.
1986

roJe boSie `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: britaneTis kolumbiis universitetis mozardTa ganaTlebis
departamentis warmomadgenelma roJe boSiem gaaprotesta sanis publikacia, romelic vankuverSi gamarTul saprotesto demonstracias `operacia solidaroba~ asaxavda.
boSiem ganacxada, rom sanma gamoavlina `ukiduresi tendenciuroba~,
rodesac gamoaqveyna foto, romelzec naCvenebi iyo xalxis erTi jgufi,
xelSi transparantiT da transparantze warweriT `kanadis komunisturi
partia~. boSies TqmiT, am fotos dabeWdviT gazeTs surda, demonstrantebisTvis komunistebis iarliyi miekra. misi TqmiT, 50 aTasiani demonstraciis amsaxveli statia da foto gazeTma gamoaqveyna mxolod 16-e
gverdze (demonstracia SabaTs Catarda, gazeTi ki orSabaTs gamovida).
sanis redaqtorma sabWos ganucxada, rom es statia Sida gverdebze
imitom moxvda, rom ukve sami dRis ambavi iyo da am intervalSi sxva sainformacio saSualebebs aRniSnuli informacia farTod hqondaT gaSuqebuli. fotos SerCeva redaqtorma sagazeTo farTobis simciriT axsna da
ganacxada, rom gazeTs arc ki ufiqria, demonstrantebis komunistebad
warmoCena. sabolood, sanma demonstraciis kidev ramdenime foto gamoaqveyna da am Temaze mkiTxvelTa werilebic dabeWda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWom ar daakmayofila doqtor boSies saCivris is nawili,
romelic demonstrantebis komunistebad ganzrax warmoCenas exeboda da
`ukiduresi tendenciurobis~ Sesaxeb braldebac uaryo. amasTanave sabWom aRniSna, rom redaqciis mier SemdgomSi sxva fotoebis dabeWdvam
cxadyo, rom gazeTs Tavidanve SeeZlo iseTi foto SeerCia, romelic ukeT
asaxavda saqmis viTarebas.
1984

213

5. pasuxis ufleba

doqtori filip pinkusi

`nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: 1984 wlis 29 agvistos nord Sor niuzSi gamoqveynebul saredaqcio statiaSi dag kolinzma gailaSqra wignis `meoce saukunis
tyuili~ akrZalvis winaaRmdeg, rasac britaneTis kolumbiis universitetis inglisuri enis profesor filip pinkusi iTxovda. amerikeli profesoris, a. r. bucis mier dawerili es wigni amtkicebs, rom holokosti
tyuili iyo da nacistebs meore msoflio omis dros eqvsi milioni ebraeli ar mouklavT.
statiam gamoiwvia dava kolinzsa da pinkuss Soris. pinkusis erTi werili moyvanili iyo kolinzis statiaSi, xolo meore daibeWda mkiTxvelTa
werilebis ganyofilebaSi. pinkusma ganacxada, rom erT-erT statiaSi
kolinzma mas `wignis amkrZalavi~ uwoda da hitlers Seadara. pinkusma
am braldebaze pasuxi ver gasca, radganac gazeTma gadawyvita, am sakiTxze
debatebi Seewyvita.
nord Sor niuzis mTavari redaqtoris, noel raitis TqmiT, es iqneboda
dausrulebeli debatebi, radgan kolinzi daobda wignis akrZalvis, xolo
pinkusi Tavad wignis Rirsebis Sesaxeb. misi TqmiT, marTalia, kolinzma
daimowma wignidan ramdenime faqti, magram mas ar uTqvams, rom es faqtebi
ndobas imsaxurebda. raitis TqmiT, man Sewyvita debatebi imitom, rom
dagrovda uamravi werili sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. kolinzma sabWos ganucxada, rom igi ar uaryofda holokostis faqts, igi aprotestebda cenzuris dawesebas.
gadawyvetileba: presis sabWom saCivari nawilobriv daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWom kidev erTxel aRiara azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, Tumca miiCnia, rom kolinzma gamoiCina uyuradReboba faqtebisadmi,
rodesac am wignis seriozul ganxilvas Seudga.
sabWos azriT, 29 agvistos saredaqcio statiis saTauri mkiTxvels
afiqrebinebda, rom kolinzi eWvqveS ayenebda Tavad holokostis faqts
da ara wignis akrZalvas. gazeTi usamarTlod moiqca, rodesac Sewyvita
am Temaze debatebi, rubrikiT `werilebi redaqtors~. werilSi, romelic

214

pasuxis ufleba

pinkuss redaqciam ar gamouqveyna, is uaryofda braldebas, rom igi,

hitleris msgavsad, wignebis amkrZalavi iyo.
sabWos miaCnia, rom gazeTi valdebuli iyo, pinkusisaTvis braldebis
uaryofis saSualeba mieca (praqtikis kodeqsi, me-2 muxli _ pasuxis
ufleba). xolo braldeba imis Sesaxeb, rom kolinzis statiis namdvili
mizani `rasobrivi SuRlis gaRviveba iyo~, ar dadasturda.
ganixila ra saredaqcio statiebisa da pasuxebis mTeli seria, sabWom
daaskvna, rom kolinzis pirveli statia provokaciuli Sinaarsis iyo da
pinkusis mxridan emociuri pasuxis gamowvevas isaxavda miznad. aman Tavidanve gansazRvra debatebis toni, romelic sakiTxis arsebiTi mxareebis ganxilvis nacvlad, urTierTSeuracxyofis gacvla-gamocvlad iqca.
1985

dag kolinzi `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: nord Sor niuzis Jurnalistma dag kolinzma vankuver sanSi
gamoqveynebuli nikol partonis saredaqcio statia, saTauriT `rasizmi
mainc mZlavrobs~, presis sabWoSi gaasaCivra. publikaciaSi moyvanili
iyo citata niuzSi gamoqveynebuli statiidan, rogorc `siZulvilis
enis nimuSi. partonis statia eyrdnoboda `rasobrivi samarTlianobis
sabWos~ prezidentis aziz xakis intervius, romelsac eZRvneboda niuzSi
gamoqveynebuli kolinzis saredaqcio publikacia. arc gazeTi da arc
Jurnalisti statiaSi dasaxelebuli ar yofila, magram kolinzis azriT,
miniSneba mainc aSkara iyo, radgan nord SorSi mxolod erTi gazeTi
gamodioda da xakis Sesaxebac mxolod erTi Jurnalisti werda.
11 ianvars gamoqveynebul kolinzis statiaSi saubari iyo imaze, rom
kolinzis mxridan sxvadasxva dros gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gamo xaki
Seecada, gazeTisaTvis reklamiT uzrunvelyofis boikotireba moexdina.
kolinzi acxadebda, rom Tavis saredaqcio statiaSi partonma ugulvebelyo es detalebi, riTac daarRvia fundamenturi Jurnalisturi principi. saCivris meore nawilSi kolinzi acxadebda, rom sanma ar gamoaqveyna
mis mier 30 ianvars dawerili Ria werili, riTac ugulebelyo pasuxis
ufleba. kolinzis TqmiT, man orjer dareka sanSi da werilis ambavi moikiTxa, magram redaqciisgan bundovani pasuxi miiRo.
sanis saredaqcio gverdis redaqtorma frenk ruterma ganacxada, rom
29 ianvris nord Sor niuzSi gamoqveynebuli statiiT, kolinzma ukve
upasuxa partonis werils. ruteris TqmiT, kolinzis werili ar gamoqveynda imis gamo, rom igi ar exeboda partonis statiaSi dasmul sakiTxebs

215

da xakis Sesaxeb kolinzis komentarebis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda. werils SeiZleboda mohyoloda iuridiuli problemebi da gazeTs ar surda,
Careuliyo kolinzisa da xakis davaSi.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWom ar gaiziara kolinzis saCivari im motiviT, rom gazeTi ar iyo valdebuli, yvelasTvis mieca pasuxis ufleba. nikol partons, iseve rogorc saredaqcio statiebis sxva nebismier avtors, ufleba
aqvs, SerCeviT gamoiyenos informacia _ am SemTxvevaSi citatebi kolinzis
werilidan. amitom, sabWom ar daakmayofila kolinzis saCivari Jurnalisturi eTikis darRvevis Sesaxeb. marTalia, sabWo fiqrobs, rom partonis statiaSi kolinzis amocnoba rTuli ar iqneboda, magram sabWos ar
miaCnia, rom kolinzs hqonda sanSi pasuxis gamoqveynebis absoluturi
ufleba. arc erTi gazeTi ar aris valdebuli, gamoaqveynos redaqtoris
saxelze mosuli yvela werili, Tumca, sans SeeZlo, ufro ukeT aexsna
kolinzisaTvis, Tu ratom ar beWdavda mis pasuxs da misTvis gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis pasuxis dawera eTxova.
1989

piter poleni `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: viqtorias merma piter polenma brali dasdo sans tendenciurobaSi. meris braldeba aseve Seexeboda redaqciis uars, korespondenciebisaTvis gankuTvnil seqciaSi gamoeqveynebina kritikuli werili
Tavad gazeTze.
davis sagani iyo glen bonis specialuri reportaJi otavadan, saxelwodebiT `iaponeli kanadelebi da omi~. statia eyrdnoboda saxelmwifo
arqivebSi dacul informacias da exeboda iaponeli kanadelebis qonebis
gayidvas meore msoflio omis dros. poleni bralad sdebda sans, rom man
araferi uTxra mkiTxvels am ambis `meore mxaris Sesaxeb~, rogorc es
gaakeTa toronto gloub end meilma, rodesac axsna im dros mTavrobis
mxridan iaponelebisadmi aseTi mopyrobis mizezebi. meris TqmiT, gloub
end meilma sakiTxi istoriul konteqstSi ganixila, rac sans ar gaukeTebia. Tanac, sanis redaqciam ar dabeWda misi Ria werili am sakiTxze, samagierod gamoaqveyna sxva mkiTxvelis werili, romelic aRniSnul publikacias iwonebda.
sanis saredaqcio gverdis redaqtorma, ruterma sabWos ganucxada, rom
ar gaaCnda informacia imis Taobaze, Tu ratom ar daibeWda mer polenis
werili. SesaZloa mizezi iyo is, rom gazeTma sxva sakiTxebze gaamaxvila
yuradReba. rac Seexeba xsenebul saqebar werils, igi sxva Temas Seexeboda

216

pasuxis ufleba

da Zalian mokled exeboda reportaJs. ruteris TqmiT, gazeTi wlebis

ganmavlobaSi aqveynebda statiebs iaponeli kanadelebis Sesaxeb.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: sabWos gauWirda polenis pretenziis arsSi garkveva. Tavisi saCivris dasawyisSi igi axsenebda `tendenciur reportaJs~, Tumca
qvemoT saubrobda zogadad sakiTxisadmi sanis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
amdenad, sabWos Tavad unda gadaewyvita, saCivari mxolod glen bonis
reportaJs Seexeboda, Tu zogadad, gazeTis mier iaponeli kanadelebis
Tematikis gaSuqebas. sabWom daadgina, rom saCivari Seexeboda ara erT
mikerZoebul statias, aramed imas, rom wlebis manZilze sani ar beWdavda
am sakiTxis Sesaxeb gansxvavebul mosazrebas. sabWom daadgina, rom bonis
statia ar yofila tendenciuri. werili exeboda didi movlenis mcire
nawils.
amis Semdeg sabWom ganixila is, Tu ramdenad sworad aSuqebda sani
meore msoflio omis dros iaponeli kanadelebisadmi xelisuflebis damokidebulebisa da maTi Semdgomi kompensaciis sakiTxebs. sabWom daadgina, rom warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT, SeuZlebeli iyo
imis gansazRvra, ramdenad tendenciuri iyo sanis pozicia am sakiTxze.
erT-erTi faqtori, ramac polens saCivaris aRZvrisaken ubiZga, iyo
is, rom misi mosazreba gazeTma ar dabeWda. sans es rom gaekeTebina, sabWoSi saCivris Setana, albaT, saWiro aRar iqneboda.
1984

nelsonis qalTa centri `nelson deili niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: nelsonis qalTa centrma gaasaCivra nelson deili niuzis
pozicia im davasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic warmoiSva samuSao Ceqmebis
reklamis gamo. reklamaSi gamosaxuli iyo Silifad Cacmuli axalgazrda
qali. reklamam gamoiwvia xangrZlivi debatebi gazeTSi, rasac torontoSi reklamis mrCevelTa sabWoSi saCivris Setana mohyva. sabWom ganacxada,
rom reklama arRvevda wess, romlis Tanaxmadac, ar SeiZleba reklamaze
qalis an kacis gamosaxva mxolod yuradRebis mipyrobis mizniT.
niuzma es reklama dabeWda Tavis saredaqcio gverdze, gamomcemlis
SeniSvnasTan erTad, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom am Temaze debatebi Sewyvetilad cxaddeboda. SeniSvnaSi saubari iyo imazec, rom aRniSnuli reklama bevr adgilas gamoCnda, magram qalaq nelsonis garda, mas garTulebebi arsad mohyolia.
`saocaria, rom nelsonSi, qalaqSi, romelic Tavs regionis kulturul
centrad Tvlis, moiZebnebian adamianebi, romlebic mzad arian SiSvel

217

qandakebas leRvis foToli miafaron. maT sayuradRebod, vinc seqsualur

interpretacias ukeTebs reklamas, romelzec gamosaxulia vaSli, najaxi
da xeebi, vacxadebT: mimarTeT fsiqiatrs~, _ werda redaqtori.
qalTa centris saCivari Seexeboda rogorc redaqtoris komentars,
ise am Temaze debatebis Sewyvetas. centris gancxadebiT, SeniSvna fsiqiatris daxmarebis Sesaxeb niSnavda, rom yvelas, vinc usircxvilo reklamas
ewinaaRmdegeboda, gazeTi sulier avadmyofad naTlavda. debatebis SewyvetiT ki gazeTma sazogadoebas ar misca saSualeba, gaegrZelebina diskusia misTvis saintereso sakiTxebze.
niuzis gamomcemelma stin iorgensenma ganacxada, rom SeniSvna fsiqiatris daxmarebis Taobaze ar exeboda im xalxs, vinc `mxolod uxerxulad igrZnes Tavi~. misi TqmiT, gazeTSi am sakiTxze debatebi eqvsi dRis
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda, rac sakmarisi dro iyo. `sazogadoebaSi arian iseTi adamianebic, romlebsac sxva sakiTxze surT azris gamoxatva
da gazeTis gverdebi maTac unda daeTmoT~, _ acxadebda gamomcemeli.
gadawyvetileba: saCivari dakmayofilda.
motivacia: sabWo aRiarebs yvela redaqtorisa da gamomcemlis uflebas, Sewyvitos mis gverdebze mimdinare debatebi maSin, rodesac CaTvlis, rom sakiTxi amowurulia. Tumca, sabWos miaCnia, rom gazeTs es ufro
delikaturad unda gaekeTebina. gamomcemelma sazogadoebas ar misca saSualeba, gamoxmaureboda mis bolo komentars. sabWo amas usamarTlod
miiCnevs. gamomcemlis SeniSvna fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb iyo ugemovno da warmoadgenda sazogadoebis erTi nawilis legitimuri interesebis ugulebelyofas. miT umetes, rom mogvianebiT reklamis mrCevelTa
sabWom es reklama standartebis darRvevad Seafasa.
presis sabWom xazi gausva im garemoebas, rom redaqtors araferi uTqvams Tavad reklamis Sesaxeb, man mxolod Seuracxmyofeli komentari
gaakeTa mis mowinaaRmdegeTa, maT Soris nelsonis qalTa centris Sesaxeb.
sabWos miaCnia, rom nelson deili niuzs unda mieca sazogadoebisaTvis
redaqtoris werilze gamoxmaurebis saSualeba.
1984

218

6. diskriminacia6

reformistuli partia `vankuver sanis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: vankuveris reformistuli partiis ori wevris fred kavanasa
da gordon Srivis saCivari vankuver sanSi gamoqveynebul karikaturas
Seexeboda, romelic, momCivanTa azriT, metismetad aSkara paralelebs
avlebda maT organizaciasa da ku-kluqs-klans Soris. reformistTa azriT, uSualod arCevnebis wina dRiT gamoqveynebuli karikatura ar iyo
`samarTliani komentari~, piriqiT, warmoadgenda `upasuxismgeblobis,
uzustobis da usamarTlobis~ nimuSs.
karikaturaze, romlis avtori iyo mxatvari ingrid raisi, gamosaxuli
iyo ku-kluqs-klanis TeTrebSi gamowyobili wevri, komisiis winaSe, karikaturas erTvoda warwera: `reformistuli partiis wevrebis SerCeva~. partiis wevrebma iCivles, rom karikaturas SeiZleba Seeqmna STabeWdileba, TiTqos maT raime akavSirebda am rasistul dajgufebasTan.
sanis redaqtorma gremma mosmenaze ganacxada, rom gazeTs aqvs ufleba,
gamoaqveynos satiruli karikaturebi. misi TqmiT, karikaturis dabeWdva
gamoiwvia partiis erT-erTi kandidatis rasistulma gancxadebam. kandidatma gancxadebis gakeTebisTanave datova partia. redaqtoris TqmiT,
mxatvars undoda imis Cveneba, rom am partiaSi SeiZleba moxvdnen rasistuli Sexedulebebis adamianebi. redaqtoris TqmiT, ku-kluqs-klanis
simboloebis gamoyeneba mianiSnebda partiaSi arsebul rasistul simpaTiebze da ara imaze, rom partiis romelime wevri am danaSaulebriv klans
ekuTvnis. gremma amis magaliTad moiyvana gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli xuTi
sxvadasxva karikatura, romlebSic gamoyenebuli iyo rasistuli klanis
simbolika.
mosmenaze gremma ganacxada, rom momCivanebma karikatura zedmetad
pirovnulad aRiqves. naxati ar asocirdeboda momCivanebis _ kavanas da
Srivis personebTan, amitom maT reputacias amiT raime ziani ar misdgomia.
gremma moiSvelia agreTve umaRlesi sasamarTlos ramdenime gadawyvetileba, romlebic adastureben politikuri karikaturistebis uflebas,
TavianTi Sexedulebis gamosaxatavad gamoiyenon alegoria, satira, karikatura an parodia. `karikaturam unda moaxdinos efeqti, ar aris

219

aucilebeli is iyos lamazi, zrdilobiani an gemovnebiani~, _ aRniSna

gremma, _ isini axdenen cocxali sazogadoebrivi debatebis inicirebas,
swored amitom icavs gamoxatvis am formas `samarTlini komentari~,
rac ar unda Seuracxmyofeli iyos is bevrisaTvis~. garda amisa, werilobiT ganmartebaSi gremma aRniSna, `Tu adamiani gadawyvets, reformistul partiasTan gaaigivos Tavi, igi mzad unda iyos politikuri
kritikis misaRebadac~.
kavanam ganacxada, rom kritika SeiZleba gavamarTloT, magram ara _ karikatura. Tavisi mosazrebis dasadastureblad man gaixsena gazeT sanis mTavari redaqtoris statia, romelSic is werda: `karikaturebis avtorebi
zogjer zRvars gadadian. raisis karikatura amis kargi magaliTia~.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari nawilobriv daakmayofila.
motivacia: karikatura mianiSnebs imaze, rom is pirebi, romlebic kukluqs-klanis Sexedulebebs iziareben, SesaZloa, moxvdnen partiaSi. am
Tvalsazrisis damamtkicebeli sabuTebi ar arsebobs. Tanac, ku-kluqsklani asocirdeba ara mxolod rasizmTan, aramed mkvlelobasTan, gaupatiurebasTan, linCis wesiT gasamarTlebasTan da a.S. marTalia, gazviadeba
politikuri karikaturisaTvis Cveuli ambavia, magram naxati mainc unda
asaxavdes realobas. arc partia da arc misi romelime wevri Tavisi moqmedebebiT an SexedulebebiT ar hgavs ku-kluqs-klans. amitom, Tu sans
partiis wevrebis rasistuli Sexedulebebis demonstrireba surda, sxva
gza unda gamoenaxa. sabWos wevrTa umravlesobam karikatura miuReblad
miiCnia, ramdenadac igi Sors iyo realobisgan. amave dros, sabWos SefasebiT, kavanasa da Srivis reputacia am karikaturis Sedegad ar Selaxula.
sabWom ganacxada, rom es gadawyvetileba miznad ar isaxavda imis gansazRvras, ra aris misaRebi politikuri karikatura da ra _ miuRebeli.
es gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba interpretirebuli iyos rogorc precedentuli, da igi mxolod am kerZo SemTxvevas Seexeba.
15 aprili, 1994

uiqsleri da sxvebi `uestenderis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: vankuverSi moqmedi germanul-kanaduri sazogadoebis oTxma
wevrma gazeT uestenderis winaaRmdeg sabWos mimarTa. momCivanebi amtkicebdnen, rom gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli saredaqcio statia rasistuli iyo
germanuli tradiciebis, enisa da kulturis mimarT. avtoris mosazreba,
rom germanuli `saSineli enaa~, sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa azriT,
damamcirebeli iyo germaniisa da germanelebisaTvis. momCivanTa gancxa-

220

diskriminacia

debiT, statia sxva romelime eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufis winaaRmdeg

rom yofiliyo mimarTuli, is arasodes daibeWdeboda. germanelebTan
dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi Seuracxmyofeli iyo mTeli erisaTvis.
svetis avtori, karlin iandli amtkicebda, rom publikacia Seicavda
mxolod mis pirad mosazrebebs da man saTqmelis ukeT gadmosacemad satira da iumori gamoiyena. statiis dasawyisSive man daafiqsira Tavisi
`upirobo~ antipaTia zogierTi ramis mimarT, rac man germaniaSi mogzaurobis dros naxa da aRniSna, `mrcxvenia imisa, rac evropaSi mogzaurobis dros aRmovaCine, rom germanelebis mimarT aseTi cudi grZnobebi mqonia~. avtoris azriT, sabWo aris is adgili, sadac SesaZlebelia,
daicva azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. is cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom
publikacia ar iyo diskriminaciuli xasiaTis.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, dairRva praqtikis kodeqsis me-66 muxli,
romlis mixedviT, gazeTebi unda moeridon diskriminaciuli xasiaTis masalebis gamoqveynebas, miT ufro, Tu eTnikur maxasiaTebels pirdapiri
kavSiri ara aqvs gansaxilveli sakiTxis SinaarsTan.
iandlis gancxadebiT, publikacia eZRvneboda omSi daRupulTa xsovnis dRes da avtori satirasa da iumors mimarTavda. Tumca, sabWos azriT, statiaSi germaneli xalxis mimarT gamoTqmuli epiTetebi Seuracxmyofeli xasiaTisa iyo. marTalia, presis sabWo aRiarebs avtorTa uflebebs, TavianT saredaqcio statiebSi gamoaqveynon mosazrebaTa maqsimalurad farTo speqtri, magram sabWos azriT, iandlma germaneli xalxis
mimarT iseTi stereotipebi gamoiyena, romlebic diskriminacias uwyobs
xels.
sabWom aRniSna is garemoebac, rom am publikaciis Semdgom uestenderi
did adgils uTmobda mkiTxvelTa fostas, romelic kritikulad iyo
ganwyobili iandlis statiis mimarT.
2000

germanul-kanaduri kongresi `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: germanul-kanadur kongresma provinsSi gamoqveynebuli
erik nikolis saredaqcio statia sabWoSi gaasaCivra. statiaSi gamoTqmuli iyo SeSfoTeba germaniis gaerTianebis gamo. kongresis warmomadgenelTa gancxadebiT, 18 Tebervals gamoqveynebuli saredaqcio statia
`miznad isaxavda germanuli warmoSobis adamianTa mimarT zizRis gaRvivebas~. organizacia redaqciisagan moiTxovda bodiSis moxdas da imis

221

sajaro aRiarebas, rom saredaqcio statiaSi gamoqveynebul azrs ar

iziarebda.
kongresis warmomadgenelma fuernisma ganacxada, rom gansakuTrebiT
SeSfoTebuli iyo ori abzacis gamo, romelic `pirwminda rasizmis~ gamovlinebas warmoadgenda.
provinsis mTavari redaqtoris ian heisomis azriT, gazeTi yovelTvis
cdilobda, nebismier sakiTxze warmoedgina mosazrebaTa maqsimalurad
farTo speqtri da imedi hqonda, rom nikolis statia kidev ufro gaamdidrebda germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb mimdinare debatebs. gazeTSi
gamoqveynda gaerTianebis mxardamWeri statiebi da nikolis svetis dabeWdvis Semdeg, redaqcia did adgils uTmobda sapasuxo werilebis gamoqveynebas. heisomma gaixsena Tavad mis mier dawerili saredaqcio statiac, romelSic igi ar eTanxmeboda nikolis Sexedulebebs, magram icavda
gazeTSi aseTi statiis gamoqveynebis uflebas. man ganacxada, rom TviTon
rom Seesworebina statia, aucileblad amoSlida erT abzacs, romelic
`metismetad zRvars gadacilebuli iyo~.
nikolma sabWos winaSe gulwrfelad moixada bodiSi maT winaSe, vinc
statiis gamo Seuracxyofilad igrZno Tavi, magram ganacxada, rom mas
zizRis gaRviveba azradac ar mosvlia. misi TqmiT, publikaciis mizani
iyo germaniis gaerTianebasTan dakavSirebiT SeSfoTebis gamoxatva. man
bodiSi moixada stilis gamo, magram ganacxada, rom gamoTqmul mosazrebebze uaris Tqmas ar apirebda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom ar daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: is fraza, romelic saredaqcio statiis avtorma germaniis
gaerTianebasTan dakavSirebuli riskis aRwerisas SearCia, iyo araTu saukeTeso, aramed aradelikaturi da SesaZlebelia, Seuracxmyofelic ki
germanul-kanaduri kongresisaTvis, magram sabWo ar iziarebs kongresis
azrs, rom statiis mizani `germanuli warmoSobis pirebis mimarT zizRis gaRviveba iyo~. provinss hqonda ufleba, daebeWda statia, romelic
gamoxatavda xalxis garkveuli nawilis azrs da iyo germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb arsebul mosazrebaTa farTo speqtris erTi nawili. sabWos
azriT, redaqciis mxridan sapasuxo werilebis gamoqveyneba, aseve mTavari
redaqtoris svetSi nikolis Sexedulebebis gakritikeba iyo imis demonstrireba, rom redaqcia ar iziarebda nikolis statiaSi gamoTqmul azrebs.
sabolood, presis sabWom ver gaiziara kongresis moTxovna bodiSis
moxdis Taobaze, radganac ar dadasturda, rom svetis daweris mizani
`eTnikuri zizRis gaRviveba iyo~.
1990

222

5
7. reputacia

robert iangi `taims kolonistis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: viqtorias mcxovrebma robert iangma iCivla, rom uiliam
uefigis (marTavda restoran uilis rendevus, gardaicvala 1997 wels)
Sesaxeb taims kolonistSi gamoqveynebuli nekrologi da gansakuTrebiT
misi saTauri tendenciuri iyo da umizezod laxavda gardacvlilis
Rirsebas.
iangis TqmiT, 1997 wlis 18 ivniss gamoqveynebuli nekrologis saTauri
`saxelgatexili mikitani 59 wlis asakSi kiboTi gardaicvala~, iyo Seuracxmyofeli uefigis mimarT. uefigi daxasiaTebuli iyo rogorc adamiani, romelmac `Tu erT umniSvnelo incidents ar CavTvliT, samagaliTo cxovrebiT icxovra~. am incidentis Sesaxeb moTxrobili iyo nekrologis pirvelive abzacSi: uefigi iyo pirveli kaci britaneTis kolumbiaSi, romelic 1985 wels b.k. adamianis uflebaTa sabWom damnaSaved
cno seqsualur ZaladobaSi. iangi gazeTisagan uSedegod iTxovda bodiSis
moxdas. man uari Tqva agreTve gazeTis winadadebaze, gamoeqveynebina
Tavisi azri `mkiTxvelTa werilebis~ ganyofilebaSi.
gazeTma miiCnia, rom rogorc nekrologi, ise misi saTauri iyo zusti
da uari ganacxada bodiSis moxdaze.
gadawyvetileba: presis sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: marTalia, sityva `saxelgatexilis~ xmareba SeiZleba zedmeti iyo, magram sabWos SefasebiT, nekrologi tendenciuri ar yofila.
sabWom aseve aRniSna, rom gazeTi Tavidan ar apirebda nekrologis gamoqveynebas, magram es survili mas Semdeg gauCnda, rac Tavad iangma gaugzavna mas uefigis sikvdilis cnoba axali ambebis ganyofilebaSi gamosaqveyneblad.
12 dekemberi, 1999

223

8. piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

oliv mari olijadi `provinsis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: vankuverelma qalbatonma oliv mari olijadma sabWos saCivriT mimarTa da gazeT provinsSi misi qaliSvilis tragikuli sikvdilis
gaSuqeba gaaprotesta. momCivanis azriT, 1995 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi
gamoqveynebuli ramdenime statia yovelgvari saWiroebis gareSe arRvevda me-37 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas) da bRalavda mis mwuxarebas. statiebSi saubari iyo olijadis 30 wlis meZavi qaliSvilis mkvlelobaze da policiis mier am saqmis gamoZiebaze. olijadis aRSfoTeba
gamoiwvia Jurnalist roberta steilis statiam, romelsac axlda foto
olijadis da misi Svidi wlis SviliSvilis gamosaxulebiT.
olijadi aprotestebda agreTve erT-erTi statiis saTaurSi qaliSvilis meZavad moxseniebas, romelic narkotikebis momxmarebeli iyo. garda amisa, aRSfoTebuli iyo imiT, rom gazeTma gamoaqveyna misi vaJiSvilis
foto, romelic cnobadi pirovneba iyo, radgan kanadis Cempioni iyo
krivSi. Zmis fotos gamoyeneba metad `sensaciuri~ iyo, radgan mokrive
niu-iorkSi cxovrobda da dis gardacvalebasTan araviTari kavSiri ar
hqonda.
provinsma uaryo braldeba sensaciurobis Sesaxeb da aRniSna, rom Tu
axal ambebSi moxvedril pirovnebas cnobili naTesavebi hyavs, rogorc wesi, gazeTebi maT Sesaxebac weren. redaqtorma ganacxada, rom gazeTi TanaugrZnobda qalbaton olijads, magram aRniSna, rom gazeTebi, rogorc wesi,
Zalze guldasmiT aSuqeben quCis qalebis mkvlelobas da maT gamoZiebas.
bolo ramdenime wlis manZilze, statiebi daibeWda treisis msgavsad
mokluli asi meZavis Sesaxeb. amiT gazeTi cdilobs, aiZulos mTavroba, meti
yuradReba miaqcios prostituciasTan dakavSirebul danaSauls.
gadawyvetileba: presis sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: es saCivari ganasaxierebs im mZime viTarebas, romelSic
aRmoCndeba xolme presa, rodesac mas uwevs balansis dacva, erTis mxriv,
sazogadoebrivi interesis dakmayofilebasa da meore mxriv, tramvirebuli adamianebis mimarT TanagrZnobis gamovlenas Soris. am SemTxvevaSi,
sabWos daskvniT, provinsma ar miaqcia yuradReba olijadis ojaxis kerZo

224

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

interesebs da SeiWra mis mwuxarebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom gazeTis

reportiors naTlad auxsnes, rom gasvenebaSi misi gamoCena ar surdaT,
gazeTma mainc gaagzavna reportiorica da fotografic. gazeTma misi es
qmedeba gaamarTla imiT, rom ojaxma dakrZalvaze konkurenti gazeTis
Jurnalisti miiwvia. daupatiJebeli fotografis gamoCenas gazeTSi oliv
olijadis da misi Svidi wlis SviliSvilis fotos gamoCena mohyva. am
SemTxvevaSi gazeTma kidev erTxel ugulebelyo olijadis Txovna, rom
misi SviliSvili ar moxvedriliyo romelime fotoze. bebias eSinoda, rom
dedis profesiasTan dakavSirebuli socialuri stigma sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobaSi Svilsac problemebs Seuqmnida.
marTalia, presas xSirad uwevs weros mgloviare adamianebis Sesaxeb,
magram am SemTxvevaSi man meti delikaturoba unda gamoiCinos. olijadma
agreTve eWvqveS daayena gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis sizuste, Tumca am mxriv, sabWosTvis saTanado mtkicebulebebi ar warudgeniaT.
24 marti, 1996

225

9. bavSvebi

den kazensi `nord Sor niuzis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: CrdiloeT vankuveris mcxovrebma den kazensma nord Sor
niuzs sabWoSi uCivla. misi TqmiT, reportiorma robert galsterma gamoaqveyna misi 13 wlis qaliSvilis jesikas citata da suraTi, agreTve
miuTiTa misi vinaoba. momCivanis azriT, gazeTis qmedeba araeTikuri iyo,
radgan reportiors ar hqonda interviuze mSoblis Tanxmoba da meorec,
statis gamo mis qaliSvils SesaZloa, seqsualuri moZaladeebis mxridan
safrTxe damuqreboda.
xsenebul statiaSi saubari iyo imaze, rom CrdiloeT vankuveris skolebis sabWom uari uTxra sociologiuri kvlevis saagentos seqsisa da
narkotikebis Sesaxeb gamokiTxvis Catarebaze. skolebis sabWos uaris
mizezi ki is gaxda, rom SekiTxvebis nawili, romelic seqss Seexeboda,
SesaZloa, bavSvebisaTvis metismetad mZime yofiliyo. statia Seicavda
aRniSnul Temaze ramdenime adgilobrivi mcxovrebis reaqcias. galsterma
Tavis statiaSi moiyvana merveklaseli moswavlis jesikas Semdegi citata:
`Tu sakmarisad momwifebuli ara xarT, es ar unda gaakeToT. unda gamoiyenoT prezervativi~. kazensis TqmiT, am statiis wakiTxva misTvis
namdvili Soki iyo. radgan SeiZleboda gefiqra, rom reportiorma bavSvebs seqsis Sesaxeb dausva kiTxva.
mosmenaze galsterma ganacxada, rom man bavSvebs kiTxvebi dausva ara
seqsis Sesaxeb, aramed seqsisa da narkotikebis Taobaze Catarebuli gamokiTxvis irgvliv. gazeTis redaqtori renSauc amtkicebda, rom Jurnalistis kiTxvebSi uxerxuli araferi iyo. man aRniSna da jesikamac daadastura,
rom samive gogonam interviuzec da fotozec TviTon ganacxada Tanxmoba.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom daakmayofila saCivari.
motivacia: sabWo mivida daskvnamde, rom 13 wlis gogonas fotos, saxelisa da komentarebis gamoqveyneba marTlac araswori iyo. araswori
iyo agreTve jesikas citireba prezervativebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan ar iyo moyvanili misTvis dasmuli kiTxva da arc Tavad
SekiTxva iyo swori. sabWo daeTanxma gazeTs imaSi, rom Tineijerebis azri
seqsisa da narkotikebis Sesaxeb Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegebze interesis sagania. magram sabWos daskvniT, Jurnalistis mier arCeuli meTodologia araswori iyo. sabWom daakmayofila saCivari, radgan seqsualuri
xasiaTis SekiTxvebis 13 wlis gogonasaTvis dasma bavSvis keTildReobis
mimarT araeTikurobisa da uyuradRebobis gamovlinebad miiCnia.
15 maisi, 1998

226

sqolio:

muxli 1 _ sizuste: `gazeTis upirvelesi

movaleobaa, miawodos sazogadoebas

zusti informacia. gazeTebma
dauyovnebliv unda Seasworon
uzustobebi~.

avadmyofisve TxovniT, misTvis

sicocxlis momswrafveli preparatebis,
an maT Sesaxeb informaciis gacema xdeba.
6

oldermeni _ municipaluri sabWos

muxli 2 _ pasuxis ufleba: `gazeTebi

movaleni arian, calkeul pirebsa da
organizaciebs miscen drouli da
samarTliani Sansi, pasuxi gascen
gamoqveynebul uzustobebze, rodesac
sakiTxi mniSvnelovania an uzustoba
aSkaraa~.

muxli 4 _ komentari da faqti:

`gazeTebma unda daicvan didi Zalisxmevis
Sedegad mopovebuli azris gamoxatvis
ufleba da warmoadginon SexedulebaTa
rac SeiZleba farTo speqtri. imisda
miuxedavad, rogori winaaRmdegobrivi an
arapopularuli ar unda iyos esa Tu is
Tvalsazrisi, gazeTebma unda miscen
saredaqcio statiebis, karikaturebis
avtorebs da sxvebs sakuTari azris
gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba. amasTanave
gazeTebma da Jurnalistebma komentari
da sakuTari azri dadasturebul faqtad
ar unda gaasaRon.

muxli 6 _ diskriminacia: `Tu

informacias pirdapiri kavSiri ara aqvs
axali ambebis an saredaqcio statiis
SinaarsTan, gazeTebi unda moeridon
iseTi masalebis dabeWdvas, romelic
xels uwyobs diskriminacias rasis, kanis
feris, warmomavlobis, sqesis, religiis,
ojaxuri mdgomareobis, fizikuri an
gonebrivi naklovanebis, asakisa da
seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT~.

wevri.
3

assisted suicide - evTanaziis saxe, roca

muxli 3 _ piradi cxovrebis

xelSeuxebloba: gazeTebi unda ecadnon
daicvan balansi piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxeblobasa da Tavisufali presis
moTxovnilebebs Soris. aman xeli ar unda
SeuSalos gazeTebs, gamoaqveynon iseTi
masalebi, romlebic sazogadoebrivi
interesis sagania.

227

228

229

230

Sinaarsi

Sesavali

233

Sveicariis presis sabWo

233

1. sizuste
t. `olTner Tagbladis~ winaaRmdeg
2. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

234
234
237

X-i `blikis~ winaaRmdeg

237

Y `voxenblatis~ winaaRmdeg

238

3. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba

Z-i `Tages-ancaigeris~ winaaRmdeg
4. diskriminacia
N-i `kop caitungis~ winaaRmdeg

240
240
242
242

231

232

Sesavali
Sveicariis presis sabWo

Sveicariis presis sabWo mkiTxvelTa saCivrebs

2000 wels miRebuli Jurnalistur uflebaTa da
movaleobaTa ganmartebebis safuZvelze ixilavs.
Sveicariis presis sabWoSi aris 21 wevri. aqedan
6 _ sazogadoebis, xolo 15 mediis warmomadgenelia.
sabWoSi TiToeuli sqesis warmomadgenelTa raodenoba 8-s ar unda aRematebodes. sabWo iyofa 3 palatad. TiToeul palataSi 7 wevria gaerTianebuli. palatebs xelmZRvaneloben sabWos prezidenti
da ori vice-prezidenti. presis sabWos wevrebis,
prezidentisa da vice-prezidentebis arCeva xdeba
presis sabWos fondis mier oTxi wlis vadiT.
presis sabWos aqvs uflebamosileba, xmaTa umravlesobiT TviTon moaxdinos reagireba Jurnalistur uflebaTa da movaleobaTa ganmartebebis
darRvevaze da msvleloba misces saCivars.
presis sabWos wevri valdebulia, acileba misces saqmes, Tuki mas interesTa konfliqti aqvs:
Tvlis, rom miukerZoebeli gadawyvetilebis miRebas ver SeZlebs, an gamodis mopasuxis rolSi.
sabWo amasTanave xelmZRvanelobs rogorc sakuTriv Sveicariis presis sabWos precedentuli
gadawyvetilebebiT, aseve sxva qveynebis gamocdilebiTa da eTikis kodeqsebiT dadgenili normebiTac.

233

1. sizuste

t. `olTner Tagbladis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 2002 wlis 31 oqtombers gazeTma olTner Tagbladma gamoaqveyna statia `sapensio daxmareba ltolvilebisTvis~, Semdegi qvesaTauriT: `socialuri dazRveva: monacemebi isea areuli, rom marjvena
xelma ar icis, ras akeTebs marcxena~. statiasTan erTad gamoqveynda
karikatura: Tvalebaxveuli saxelmwifo moxele banknotebis mTel dastas
uwvdida momRimar, xuWuWTmian, yavarjnebian kacs, romelsac invalidTa
sadazRvevo fondis abra da Sveicariis droSa eWira xelSi; am kacis ukana
planze fuliT savse urika idga. statiaSi saubari iyo TavSesafris maZiebel t.-ze, romelsac invalidTa sadazRvevo fondma pensia dauniSna da
gadauxada kidec. man adgilobrivi socialuri daxmarebis fondisganac
miiRo Tanxa. roca adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam fulis ukan dabruneba moindoma, aRmoCnda, rom invalidebis sadazRvevo fondidan gadaricxuli Tanxa aTi dRis Semdeg ukve gatanili iyo. avtori akritikebda
im faqts, rom es fondebi naklebad TanamSromlobdnen erTmaneTTan da
Tanxebis gadaricxvebTan dakavSirebiT Sejerebuli informacia ar
gaaCndaT, rasac SeiZleboda 41. 000 frankis dakargva mohyoloda.
aRniSnuli statia gazeTma gamoaqveyna 2002 wlis noemberSi daniSnul
referendumamde, romelzec migraciis problemebTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebi unda garkveuliyo.
am publikaciebs gamoexmaurnen mkiTxvelebi. isini aRSfoTebas gamoTqvamdnen imis gamo, rom gazeTma referendumis win mizandasaxulad wamoWra es Tema da borotad gamoiyena Tavisi SesaZleblobebi.
2003 wlis 15 noembers vinme X-ma olTner Tagblads eleqtronuli
fostiT gaugzavna werili, romelSic aRniSnavda, rom ltolvili SveicariaSi invalidTa sadazRvevo fondis pensias ver miiRebda, Tu manamde am
qveyanaSi ar hqonda namuSevari. Tumca, maleve gairkva, rom vidre dazaralebuli t. TavSesafars moiTxovda, ramodenime weli is SveicariaSi
sezonurad muSaobda.
2002 wlis 6 dekembers dazaralebulma gazeT olTner Tagbladis winaaRmdeg presis sabWoSi saCivari Seitana. igi gazeTs im normis damalvaSi

234

sizuste

adanaSaulebda, romlis Tanaxmadac piri, visac SveicariaSi ar umuSavia,

invalidTa sadazRvevo fondidan pensias ver miiRebda. statiis avtorma
aseve ar Tqva, rom vidre dazaralebuli TavSesafris misaRebad Suamdgomlobas aRZravda, ramodenime weli is SveicariaSi muSaobda. amrigad,
redaqciam daarRvia `ganmartebebis~ me-3 muxli 1. momCivani gazeTs
eleqtronuli fostiT gagzavnili werilis gamouqveyneblobasac sayvedurobda, romelSic igi redaqcias Secdomebze miuTiTebda.
2002 wlis 14 dekembers gazeTi xelaxla miubrunda zemoxsenebul sakiTxs da gamoaqveyna statia `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba saqmis
kursSi iyo invalidTa fondSi Setanili Suamdgomlobis Sesaxeb~, romlis qvesaTauric ase JRerda _ `SemTxveva oenzingenSi: axali informacia saqmes axleburad gvixatavs~. publikaciis Tanaxmad, adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis mdivanma redaqcia SecdomaSi Seiyvana, roca ganacxada, rom dazaralebuls am qveyanaSi namuSevari ar hqonda. Tanac adgilobrivi sabWo Tavidanve saqmis kursSi yofila fondSi Setanili Suamdgomlobis Sesaxeb.
redaqciis pozicia: olTner Tagbladis redaqciam aRiara, rom statiis gamoqveynebis Semdeg maT axali informacia miiRes, magram miuxedavad amisa, statiaSi isev adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis pozicia daafiqsires, radganac informaciis gamcemi organizacia sandod CaTvales. redaqciam aseve seriozulad aRiqva momCivanis werili, Tumca igi imdenad
ewinaaRmdegeboda adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis informacias, rom ar
gamoaqveynes. sakiTxis Semdgomi garkveva ki pasuxismgebeli redaqtoris
jarSi gawvevam Seaferxa.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv gaiziara sarCeli da CaTvala, rom
redaqciam daarRvia `ganmartebebis~ me-52 muxli.
sabWos pozicia: statiaSi gadmocemuli faqtebi erTi SexedviT
koreqtuli iyo, magram mkiTxvelTa umetesobas Seeqmna STabeWdileba,
TiTqosda t-s fondma pensia ise dauniSna, rom ltolvils socialuri
dazRvevis fondSi arasdros araferi Seutania. radgan informacia, romelic SveicariaSi t.-s saqmianobas Seexeboda gazeTSi miCumaTda _ es ki
ltolvilTa sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi araswori daskvnis gakeTebisken
ubiZgebda mkiTxvels _ `ganmartebebis~ me-3 muxlis safuZvelze, sabWom
CaTvala, rom saxeze iyo mniSvnelovani informaciis gamotoveba. igive
SeiZleba iTqvas im informaciasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic mxolod mogvianebiT gairkva _ icoda Tu ara, adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam fondSi Sesuli Suamdgomlobis Sesaxeb.
orive, rogorc dafaruli (dazaralebulis adreuli saqmianoba), aseve
araswori informacia (fondSi Sesuli Suamdgomloba) oenzingenis olqis
mdivnis Setyobinebebs eyrdnoboda, romelic olTner Tagbladma, `kompetenturad da sandod miiCnia~. redaqcia darwmunebuli iyo, rom mkiTx-

235

velisaTvis miwodebuli informacia sinamdviles Seesabameboda. es argumenti damajereblad miiCnia presis sabWom, romlis azriT, Jurnalisturi
saqmianoba friad garTuldeboda, oficialuri pirebis mier gacemuli
informaciebi sinamdviles rom ar Seesabamebodes an miCumaTebuli iyos.
Tumca, sabWom isic aRniSna, rom informacia, romelic gazeTma mkiTxvels referendumis win miawoda da romelic referendumis monawileebze
ueWvel gavlenas moaxdenda, ufro guldasmiT unda gadamowmebuliyo.
radgan Jurnalistis movaleobaa, sazogadoebas miawodos amomwuravi, miukerZoebeli da utyuari informacia. referendumis TemasTan dakavSirebul yvela publikacias, romelic mkiTxvels xmis micemis wina dReebSi
miewodeba, SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos referendumis Sedegze. da radgan
arCevnebis win yovelTvis aris imis saSiSroeba, rom Jurnalisti dainteresebuli mxaris xelSi brma iaraRad iqces, igi valdebulia, kidev ufro
kritikulad moekidos Tavis wyaros.
sabWos azriT, usafuZvlo iyo momCivanis pretenzia imis Taobaze, rom
redaqciam misi werili ar gamoaqveyna (`ganmartebebi~ me-5.1.)3. redaqcias
SeeZlo gadaemowmebina informacia, romelic man momCivanisagan miiRo.
marTalia, gazeTis mTavarma redaqtorma aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo,
pirvel da meore publikaciebs Soris Tvenaxevrian intervalSi man es ver
moaxerxa da mizezad redaqtoris jarSi gawveva daasaxela. sakmarisi iyo
redaqcias adgilobrivi sagadasaxado samsaxurisaTvis miemarTa, rom
maSinve SeZlebda informaciis dazustebas da mkiTxvelisaTvis Sesworebuli informaciis miwodebas.
28 marti, 2003

236

2. danaSaulis gaSuqeba

X-i `blikis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 2002 wlis 12 noembers gazeT blikSi gamoqveynda statia,
saTauriT: `mkvleloba: homoseqsualistebis moZule cixeSi 15 wliT
unda Cajdes~. publikaciaSi saubari iyo ganaCenze, romelic damnaSaves
mkvlelobisaTvis gamoutanes. statiaSi braldebuli X sruli saxeliT
da gvariTa iyo moxseniebuli.
aRniSnuli publikaciis gamo X-is advokatma presis sabWoSi saCivari
Seitana da gazeTs ganmartebebis 7.14, 7.55 da 7.66 paragrafebis darRvevaSi dasdo brali.
redaqciis pozicia: blikis redaqciam dasva SekiTxva, Tu ra kavSiri
hqonda momCivanis pirad cxovrebas mkvlelobisa da Zaladobis faqtTan?
braldebuls xangrZlivi patimroba mkvlelobis e.i. sisxlis samarTlis
mZime danaSaulis gamo miesaja. `Tu Ria sasamarTlo procesze braldebulis saxeli da gvari saidumloebas ar warmoadgenda, arc gazeTs
unda Seeqmnas problema misi vinaobis gamJRavnebis gamo~, _ aRniSna
redaqciis interesebis damcvelma.
gadawyvetileba: momCivanis pretenziebi nawilobriv dakmayofilda.
motivacia: sabWos azriT, statiaSi braldebulis sruli saxelis da
gvaris miTiTebiT dairRva balansi sazogadoebriv interessa da dazaralebulis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas Soris. sabWom ixelmZRvanela `ganmartebebis~ me-7.1 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba) da
me-7.5 (udanaSaulobis prezumfcia) muxlebTan mimarTebaSi adre Seqmnili precedentebiT. ra uzneo da Semzaravic ar unda iyos danaSauli,
damnaSavisa da misi uaxloesi naTesavebis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba daculi unda iyos. gamonaklisis daSveba marto im mizeziT,
rom gamoqveynebul statiaSi mZime danaSauli iyo gaSuqebuli, ar amarTlebs damnaSavis identificirebis faqts.
7 Tebervali, 2003

237

Y `voxenblatis~ winaaRmdeg
saCivari: 2002 wlis 15 oqtombers gazeTma voxenblatma gamoaqveyna
statiebi Semdegi saTaurebiT, `maswavlebeli dauyovnebliv gaaTavisufles~ da `laimentalis skolis direqciam maswavlebeli Y dauyovnebliv gaaTavisufla samsaxuridan~. publikaciebSi saubari iyo imaze,
Tu rogor gamoutyda maswavlebeli erT-erT TanamSromels, rom internetSi bavSvTa pornografiis fasiani momxmarebeli iyo. 2002 wlis seqtemberSi moewyo didi aqcia, romelic internetSi bavSvTa pornografiis
winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. sisxlis samarTlis saqme am maswavleblis mimarTac aRiZra.
Y-is advokatma presis sabWoSi saCivari Seitana. dazaralebuli Tvlida, rom gazeTma daarRvia Jurnalisturi eTika da Txovda sabWos gaerkvia,
dairRva Tu ara piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.
voxenblatma es saCivari gaaprotesta. redaqciis ganmartebiT, maT
mxolod laimentalis skolidan miRebuli da mediisaTvis gankuTvnili
masala gamoiyenes, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom maswavleblis saxeli da
gvari skolam gamiznulad miuTiTa. amiT skolis direqcia Seecada, mosalodneli eWvebi aeridebina danarCeni pedagogebisaTvis. amasTanave redaqciam aRniSna, rom adgilobrivi mTavrobis prescentrTanac hqonda
kontaqti. mediisaTvis miwodebul werilobiT Setyobinebaze dayrdnobiT, pasuxismgebel redaqtors yvela safuZveli hqonda CaeTvala, rom
skolis direqciam imsjela sakiTxis rogorc samarTlebriv, ise adamianur
da fsiqologiur mxareze da mxolod amis Semdeg miiRo gadawyvetileba,
gaemJRavnebina eWvmitanilis vinaoba. xolo raxan informaciis momwodeblad samTavrobo prescentri gamodioda, redaqciam aRar CaTvala saWirod, kidev erTxel emsjela imaze, Rirda Tu ara sruli saxelisa da gvaris miTiTeba. redaqciis azriT, usafuZvlo iyo momCivanis argumenti imis
Sesaxeb, TiTqos maswavlebeli sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovan figurad
ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos: `uamravi mSobeli sakuTar Svils maswavlebels
andobs da Tvlis, rom man bavSvebs ara marto ganaTleba unda misces,
aramed sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad, patiosan adamianad aRzardos. maswavlebeli ki am dros pedofiliisaken aris midrekili. pedagogoba specifiuri saqmianobaa da maswavlebeli sworedac rom sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mniSvnelovan figuras warmoadgens~.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom nawilobriv daakmayofila momCivanis pretenziebi.
motivacia: `ganmartebebis~ me-77 muxli icavs adamianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas. adamianis piradi cxovreba, misi Tanxmobis gareSe,
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaSuqdes mediis saSualebiT, Tu es ganpirobebulia sazogadoebrivi interesiT.

238

danaSaulis gaSuqeba

momCivanis profesiul saqmianobasa da misTvis wayenebul braldebas

Soris kavSirze imdenad SeiZleba saubari, ramdenadac skolis direqcia,
mSoblebi da bavSvebi Tvlian, rom bavSvTa pornografiis momxmarebeli
masze dakisrebul pedagogiur amocanebs sworad ver aRiqvams. aqedan gamomdinare, sisxlis samarTlis mokvlevis obieqti momCivanis piradi
cxovreba ar aris. Tumca, im masalis mixedviT, rac sabWoSi Sevida, ar
Cans, rom braldebuls saswavlo procesSi gamoemJRavnebinos pedofiliisaken midrekileba. amdenad, momCivanis profesiul saqmianobasa da
misTvis wayenebul braldebas Soris pirdapir kavSirze saubari ar SeiZleba. marTalia, braldeba, romelic pedagogs internetSi bavSvTa pornografiis moxmarebisTvis wauyenes, mZimea, magram pedagogis profesia
sxva profesiebisagan gamorCeuli ar aris da, roca vinaobis gamJRavnebazea saubari, kanoni yvela profesiis adamians erTnairad icavs. aseve
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom mokvleva, romelic momCivanis winaaRmdeg aris
dawyebuli, pirdapir kavSirSia mTels SveicariaSi policiis mier mowyobil did aqciasTan, romelic internetSi bavSvTa pornografiis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli.
ganmartebebis me-7.6 paragrafis mixedviT, gamonaklisis saxiT nebadarTulia vinaobis miTiTeba, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli is safrTxe,
romelic mediaSi vinaobis gaumJRavneblobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios, kerZod, eWvqveS daayenos sxva pirebi. zemoxsenebuli skolis direqciis mtkicebiT, vinaobis gaumJRavnebloba marTlac gamoiwvevda usafuZvlo eWvebsa da braldebebs. aseT SemTxvevaSic ki Jurnalistma unda gadaamowmos, saWiro aris Tu ara vinaobis miTiTeba, Tu araswori identifikaciis
Tavidan asacileblad sxva saSualebebic arsebobs. direqciis mier gazeTisTvis miwodebuli masalebidan Cans, rom maswavleblis gaTavisuflebas
skolis administracia moswavleTa sityvieri da mSobelTa werilobiTi
moTxovnis safuZvelze apirebda. amdenad, araswori identifikaciis
safrTxe imTaviTve ar arsebobda. is xalxi, visac raRac Sexeba mainc
hqonda skolasTan, isedac saqmis kursSi iyo. gazeTis mxridan vinaobis
miTiTeba ki informaciis mimRebTa ufro farTo wreze iyo gaTvlili,
rac arsebul viTarebaSi sruliad uadgilo iyo. gazeTs TviTon unda
gadaewyvita mizanSewonili iyo Tu ara vinaobis miTiTeba da skolis
direqciis rCeva naklebad gaeTvaliswinebina.
7 Tebervali, 2003

239

3. piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

Z-i `Tages-ancaigeris~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 2002 wlis 6 dekembers da 2003 wlis 21 dekembers vinme Z-ma
presis sabWos saCivriT mimarTa. misi azriT, gazeTma Tages-ancaigerma 2002
wlis 21 aprils gamoqveynebuli publikaciiT Selaxa misi `piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxeblobisa da politikuri mrwamsis ufleba~. statiaSi `seqta
nadirobis sezonis gaxsnas saprotesto yiJiniT Sexvda~ avtorma hugo
Stamma gadmosca imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gegmavdnen `nadirobis
sawinaaRmdego pirveli forumis~ iniciatorebi, romlebic, imave dros,
religiuri seqtis _ `universaluri cxovreba~ _ daaxloebul pirebad
moiazrebodnen, nadirobis amkrZalavi radikaluri kanonis SemuSavebas.
werilis gamoqveynebisTanave Z-ma mimarTa redaqcias da sTxova im faqtis uaryofa, TiTqos nadirobis sawinaaRmdego forumis ukan religiuri
gaerTianeba `universaluri cxovreba~ idga. momCivani gansakuTrebiT
aRaSfoTa iman, rom gazeTma yovlad usamarTlod (muxli me-5) ar moaxdina
faqtis uaryofa. amasTanave, momCivanis azriT, publikaciaSi religiuri
mrwamsis miTiTebiT dairRva me-7 (piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba)
da me-88 (diskriminacia) muxlebi.
redaqciam saCivari usafuZvlod miiCnia. marTalia, momCivani sxva azrisaa, magram zemoxsenebuli statiis avtors arsad aRuniSnavs, TiTqos
`nadirobis sawinaaRmdego forums~ uSualo kavSiri hqonda religiur
gaerTianebasTan _ `universaluri cxovreba~. ufro metic, man araerTxel dasva SekiTxva, Tu vin SeiZleboda mdgariyo forumis ukan da upasuxa
kidec _ forumis iniciatori anu momCivani, romelic seqtasTan daaxloebuli piri iyo. momCivanis pretenziac swored am sakiTxs ukavSirdeboda.
amdenad, gazeTis mxridan arc araferi iyo uarsayofi. redaqciam aseve
usafuZvlod CaTvala braldeba, TiTqos dairRva `ganmartebebis~ me-7
da me-8 muxlebi. is, vinc sazogadoebis winaSe politikuri moTxovnebiT
gamodis, unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom media aucileblad gaaSuqebs, Tu ra
msoflmxedvelobrivi sarCuli udevs mis moTxovnebs. am SemTxvevaSi, arc
dazaralebulis religiuri mrwamsis mimarT gamoTqmul diskriminaciuli
saxis miniSnebebze SeiZleba saubari.

240

piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxebloba

baton hugo Stamisadmi Ria werilSi momCivanma daimowma satelefono

saubari: `Tqven me SemekiTxeT, idga Tu ara yovelive amis ukan Zvelqristianuli religiuri gaerTianeba `universaluri cxovreba~. me
Tqven garkveviT mogaxseneT, rom ara. Tqvens SekiTxvaze, var Tu ara
gaerTianeba `universaluri cxovrebis~ wevri, Semdegi pasuxi gageciT:
Zvelqristianul religiur gaerTianebas wevrebi ar hyavs, Tumca me
am organizaciis mimarT simpaTiiTa var ganwyobili~. redaqciis azriT,
momCivanma Tavad aRiara, rom igi aRniSnuli religiuri gaerTianebis mimarT simpaTiiT iyo ganwyobili; amasTanave arc is faqti uaruyvia daJinebiT, rom `nadirobis sawinaaRmdego forumis~ Tanamomxsenebels am
religiuri gaerTianebasTan kontaqti hqonda.
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: ar SeiZleba masalis uzustobaze saubari, radganac momCivanic aRiarebda, rom statiaSi ar iyo naTqvami, rom forumi ezoterulqristianuli jgufis mier iyo mowyobili. mkiTxvels aqvs ufleba, Seityos, Tu vin dgas ama Tu im politikuri aqciis ukan da ra msoflmxedvelobisa arian es pirebi. miT ufro, Tu aSkarad ikiTxeba kavSiri msoflmxedvelobasa da politikur mowodebebs Soris. swored amitom iyo Tagesancaigeri uflebamosili mieTiTebina, rom momCivani da `SveicariaSi
pirveli nadirobis sawinaaRmdego forumis~ mowyobis Tanainiciatori,
religiuri gaerTianebis `universaluri cxovreba~ garemocvas miekuTvnebodnen.
sabWom aseve dausabuTeblad miiCnia braldeba statiis diskriminaciul xasiaTze. publikaciaSi mxolod gakvriT iyo naTqvami, rom momCivani
im religiuri dajgufebis garemocvidanaa, romelic aSkarad kamaTis sagans warmoadgens. mocemul situaciaSi ki es gancxadeba arc damakninebeli da arc damamcirebeli ar yofila. miT ufro, rom SesaZloa saubari
kavSirze nadirobis sayovelTao akrZalvis moTxovnasa da religiuri
gaerTianebis `universaluri cxovreba~ swavlebebs Soris.
25 aprili, 2003

241

4. diskriminacia

N-i `kop caitungis~ winaaRmdeg

saCivari: 2003 wlis 1 ianvars gazeT kop caitungSi gamoqveynda karikatura. paskal quSepani Tavisufali demokratiuli partiis bundesratis
mier ganxorcielebuli cvlilebis Semdeg ekonomikis departamentidan
Sinagan saqmeTa departamentSi gadaiyvanes da karikaturac swored am sakiTxs exmianeboda. karikaturaze gamosaxuli quSepani girlandebiT morTuli bundeshauzis fonze ijda bombze, romelsac hqonda warwera _ `radikaluri partia~. bombis gverdiT gamosaxuli iyo aw ukve gadamdgari
bundestagis mrCeveli ruT dreifusi, romelsac yurebze xelebi hqonda
afarebuli. karikaturas axlda minawari: `gaisvris paskal quSepani politikur foierverks?
2003 wlis 20 ianvars presis sabWos saCivriT mimarTa N-ma. momCivanis
gancxadebiT, karikaturaze gamosaxul ruT draifuss mkerdze `iudevelTa varskvlavis msgavsi niSani hqonda~, riTac dairRva `Jurnalisturi uflebebisa da movaleobebis~ me-8 muxli (diskriminacia).
gadawyvetileba: sabWom saCivari usafuZvlod cno da ar daakmayofila.
motivacia: Tu broSi, romelic qalbaton dreifuss paltoze aqvs mibneuli, momCivanis interpretaciiT, namdvilad iudevelTa varskvlavia,
`ganmartebebis~ me-8 muxlidan gamomdinare, es marTlac darRveva iqneboda. magram presis sabWom karikaturis naxvis Semdeg sxva daskvna gamoitana. naxatze namdvilad ar aris gamosaxuli daviTis eqvsqimiani varskvlavi. igi albaT ufro, rogorc amas gazeTis redaqcia momCivans ganumartavs, qalbatoni dreifusis ganTqmuli mzis gamosaxulebiani broSia,
romelsac igi xSirad atarebs. amdenad, diskriminaciuli saxis miniSnebebi
religiur mrwamsTan dakavSirebiT ar dasturdeba.
14 marti, 2003

242

sqolio:
1

me-3 muxli: Jurnalistma ar unda

gamoaqveynos informacia, dokumenti,
video an audio Canaweri, romlis
warmomavloba misTvis ucnobia; ar
damalos statiis mniSvnelovani elementi.
arasworad ar unda warmoaCinos rogorc
teqsti, dokumenti, video an audio
Canaweri, aseve xalxis Tvalsazrisi. Tu
informacia daudasturebelia, masalaSi es
naTlad unda iTqvas. rodesac xdeba
fotos an/da Canaweris montaJi, amis
Sesaxeb sagangebod unda aRiniSnos.

gaSuqebisas Jurnalistma unda

gaiTvaliswinos udanaSaulobis prezumfcia.
ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi
Jurnalistma angariSi unda gauwios
dazaralebulis ojaxisa da axloblebis
interesebs. informaciam Cadenili
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sesaxeb ar
unda Seaferxos da gaarTulos am piris
sazogadoebrivi reabilitacia.
6

paragrafi 5.1: Sesworeba: faqtobrivi

Secdomebis Sesworeba Jurnalistma unda
moaxdinos imisda mixedviT, ramdenad
mniSvnelovania es WeSmaritebis dasadgenad.
Sesworebis valdebuleba vrceldeba
faqtebze da ara Tvalsazrisze.

me-7 muxli: mediam pativi unda sces

adamianis piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. adamianis
piradi cxovreba, misi Tanxmobis gareSe,
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaSuqdes
mediis saSualebiT, Tu es sazogadoebrivi
interesebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

paragrafi 7.1: piradi cxovrebis

xelSeuxebloba: nebismieri adamianis
piradi cxovreba xelSeuvalia. Jurnalists
ara aqvs ufleba, gadauRos foto pirovnebas
misi Tanxmobis gareSe, an gadauRos
teleobieqtiviT ise, rom aRniSnulma
pirovnebam amis Sesaxeb arc ki icodes.
Jurnalistma uari unda Tqvas Seviwroebis
nebismier formaze (saxlSi SeWra, devna,
TvalTvali, telefoniT Seviwroeba da
a.S.), mas Semdeg rac miuTiTeben, rom Tavi
daanebon. es wesebi ar vrceldeba im
SemTxvevaSi, roca arsebobs safuZvliani
sazogadoebrivi interesi.

me-7.6 paragrafi _ vinaobis miTiTeba:

Jurnalisti valdebulia, sasamarTlo
procesis gaSuqebisas ar miuTiTos
dazaralebulis vinaoba, ar gaakeTos
iseTi miniSnebebi, romelTa saSualebiTac
mesame piri, romelic arc misi ojaxis
wevria, da arc mis socialur Tu profesiul garemos miekuTvneba, _ e.i. mxolod
mediis saSualebiT aris informirebuli, _
am piris identifikacias SesZlebs.

me-5 muxli: Jurnalistis mier mowodebuli

nebismieri araswori an Tundac nawilobriv
araswori informacia unda gaswordes,
rogorc ki cnobili gaxdeba gamoqveynebul informaciaSi arsebuli Secdomebis
Sesaxeb.

me-7.5 punqti: sasamarTlo procesis

me-8 muxli: JurnalistisaTvis miuRebelia

religiuri mrwamsis miTiTeba, rogorc
xmovan, ise werilobiTi saxis teqstebSi,
gamosaxulebebze. Jurnalisturi eTika
periodul mediaSi gamoqveynebul
karikaturebzec vrceldeba.

243

Tavisuflebis instituti
Tbilisi 380008, griboedovis 23, tel.: 93 66 15, faqsi: 93 67 84, el-fosta: liberty@liberty.ge, www.liberty.ge

244