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Factor Theory
Factor Theory
Multiples of a number N means all the numbers which are exactly divisible by N.
To make a factor of 432, either we will choose 2’s power or 3’s power or combination of both.
432=24*33
Now 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 divides 432 (we cannot take 25 or higher
powers b’coz then it will no longer be a factors of 432).
Similarly 30, 31, 32, 33 divides 432.
If we take any combination of 2’s power with 3’s power, it will also be a factor of 432.
Now 2’s power can be chosen in 5 ways and 3’s power can be chosen in 4 ways.
As we have discussed in above question, we know permissible power of 2 and 3 for being a
factor of 72=23*32 are
(20+21+22+23)*(30+31+32)
If we take multiplication of sum of 2’s permissible power and 3’s permissible power, we will
get all factors listed with + sign among them
i.e.
=1(1+3+32) +2(1+3+32)+22(1+3+32)+23(1+3+32)
(24 – 1) (33 – 1)
So, Sum = ---------------------- (Formula for G.P)
(2 – 1) (3 – 1)
So, we can say,
(P a+1-1)(qb+1-1)(rc+1-1)
Sum of factors = -----------------------------
(p-1) (q-1)(r-1)
N=23*32*53. Find
(i) No. of Factors
(ii) Sum of factors
(i) 20 30 50
21 31 51
22 32 52
23 53
Any combination of 2’s, 3’s or 5’s power will give me required factor. So, there are 4*3*4=48
Sum= (20+21+22+23)(30+31+32)(50+51+52+53)
How many factors of N= 22*33*51 are odd factors. Find their sum?
20 30 50
21 31 51
22 32
33
But factor should be odd also. (I.e. it does not have any power of 2 in it) So, we will neglect
power of 2. So, we will take
30 50
31 51
32
33
4 X 2=8
To find sum, we will apply again the same logic:Multiplication of sum of permissible power
30 50
31 51
32
33
(30+31+32+33) (50+51)
Let N=24*32*53.Find
(i) No. of even factors and their sum?
(ii) No. of factors which are perfect squares and their sum?
(iii) No. of factors which are perfect cube and their sum?
(iv) No. of factors which are ending with zero and their sum
(v) No. of factors which are multiples of 12.
Soln: (i) For even factors, it should always contain at least one time 2. i.e. 2 1, 22, 23 and
so on. In this case so, permissible powers are
21 30 50
22 31 51
23 32 52
24 53 (we will not take 20 because, in that case, it will no
longer be an even number)
4 x 3 x 4=48 Ans.
Sum=(21+22+23+24)(30+31+32)(50+51+52+53)
2(24 -1) (33 -1) (54 -1)
= -------- * ------ *--------
(2-1) (3-1) (5-1)
So Ans. = 2*1*2=4
Sum= (20+23)(30)(50+53)
20 30 50
21 31 51
22 32 52
23 53
24
=4*3*3=36 Ans.
Sum=(21+22+23+24)(30+31+32)(51+52+53)
20 30 50
21 31 51
22 32 52
23 53
24
=3*2*4=24 Ans.
Question in how many ways 360 can be written as product of two factors?
Ans. obviously we will not calculate every factor of 360. Let us solve the same sum by taking
a smaller no. 72
72=1*72
2*36
3*24
4*18
6*12
8*9
So, ans. Is 6.instead of calculating, we can observe
72=23*32 has 4*3=12 factors
In the above arrangement, all the 12 factors are written by taking two at a time.
12
So, we one getting. 2 =6 ways
Total no. of factors of 72
So, ans.= -------------------------------
2
Now see the miracle, every product is giving 72 and by last sum 72 can be written as product
of two factors in 6ways. So, Ans = (72)6 and formula becomes
3 x 2 x 2 = 12