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Skeletal Muscle Lab Report
Skeletal Muscle Lab Report
SkeletalMuscleLabReport
Skeletalmuscleconnectstotheskeleton,toformpartofthemechanicalsystem,givingthe
abilitytomovelimbsthroughouttheentirebody.In1864Kuhnediscoveredthemyosinproteinand
thattheskeletalmuscleismadeupofhundreds,oreventhousands,ofmusclefibersbundled
togetherandwrappedinaconnectivetissue.Musclecontractionsofthosethousandsofmuscle
fiberswerestudiedbyfourmajorscientistAndrewF.Huxley,RolfNiedergerke,HughHuxley
andJeanHansonin1954theyfoundthatATPcausedactinandmyosintoslideacrosseach
otherastheskeletalmusclecontractionoccurred.AngeloMossointhelate1800sworkedwith
physiologistWilhelmLudwig,DuBoisRaymond,HugoKronecker,andEtienneMareytoconduct
researchonmusclefatigueusingmuscletracing.Applyingknowledgeofskeletalmusclestructure,
contraction,fatiguethefollowinglabswereconductedshowingtheeffectoftheATPontherabbit
fibersandthefatiguecausedbycontinuousandrepetitivemusclecontractions.
Part1:SkeletalMuscleStructure
ASkeletalmuscleisanorganofthemusclesystem.Composedofmultipletissues,such
asconnectivetissues,fasciaepimysium,peritonismandendomysium.Afascicleissurroundedby
connectivetissuesheathandmusclefiberswithinthefascicleissurroundedbyendomysium.
Withinthesarcoplasmoftetheskeletalmuscleisanetworkofsarcoplasmicreticulumanda
systemoftransversetubercles.Ourskeletalmusclefibercontainsnumerousmyofibrils,each
consistingofrepeatingunitscalledsarcomeres,whichreflecttheorganizationofmyosinandactin.
Part2MuscleContractionLab
MuscleFiber
(mm)
BeforeATP
Length
AfterATP
Length
BeforeATP
Width
AfterATPWidth
1.
51mm
45mm
4mm
7mm
2.
52mm
48mm
5mm
6mm
3.
54mm
51mm
3mm
5mm
4.
59mm
52mm
5mm
7mm
Averages
54mm
49mm
4.25mm
6.25mm
%Contraction
9.2%
47.1%
MusclesBeforeandAfterATPwasaddedformusclecontraction
TypesofmusclecontractionsIsotoniccontractionsincludeconcentricandeccentric
contractions.Isotoniccontractionsoccurwhenmusclecontractsbutdoesnotshortenorlengthen.
Mostbodyactionsrequirebothisotonicandisometriccontractions.Suchaswalkingcertainleg
musclescontractisometricallyandkeeplimbsstiffasittouchestheground.Whiletheother
musclecontractsisotonicallybendingandliftingtheoppositelimb.
Part3:MuscleFatigueLab
Amuscleexercisedforalongamountoftimemayloseitsabilitytocontract,acondition
calledfatigue.Hasanumberofcausesincludingdecreasedbloodflow,ionimbalanceacrossthe
sarcolemmaeomrepeatedsimulation.Alsophysiologicallossanddrivetocontinuetheaction.As
musclemetabolismshiftsfromaerobictoanaerobicATPproductionlacticacidbeginsto
accumulateonmusclesandappearinthebloodstream.
ContinuousGrip
TimeInterval
MaximumForce(N)
MaximumForce(N)
010
98.6
90.8
2030
107.5
105.9
4050
105.2
107.2
6070
100.3
103.2
8090
100.8
99.8
TimeInterval
MaximumForce(N)
MaximumForce(N)
010
70.3
75.7
2030
75.3
63.2
4050
83.7
70.3
6070
75.8
68.9
8090
87.9
74.7
Repetitivegrip