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    Nervous System Lab Report: Figure 1

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    This lab report summarizes an experiment on the nervous system. It describes the normal action potential in neurons, where sodium ions cause depolarization and potassium ions cause repolarization. Toxins from various animals that affect the action potential are also discussed, and their effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The report further examines cranial nerves and their functions. Reflex tests were performed and their results recorded, showing varying strength of reflexes.

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    Nervous System Lab Report: Figure 1

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    This lab report summarizes an experiment on the nervous system. It describes the normal action potential in neurons, where sodium ions cause depolarization and potassium ions cause repolarization. Toxins from various animals that affect the action potential are also discussed, and their effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The report further examines cranial nerves and their functions. Reflex tests were performed and their results recorded, showing varying strength of reflexes.

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    nervoussystemlabreport-kimberlycervantes

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    This lab report summarizes an experiment on the nervous system. It describes the normal action potential in neurons, where sodium ions cause depolarization and potassium ions cause repolarization. Toxins from various animals that affect the action potential are also discussed, and their effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The report further examines cranial nerves and their functions. Reflex tests were performed and their results recorded, showing varying strength of reflexes.

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    32 views3 pages

    Nervous System Lab Report: Figure 1

    Uploaded by

    api-296603998
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on the nervous system. It describes the normal action potential in neurons, where sodium ions cause depolarization and potassium ions cause repolarization. Toxins from various animals that affect the action potential are also discussed, and their effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The report further examines cranial nerves and their functions. Reflex tests were performed and their results recorded, showing varying strength of reflexes.

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    of 3

    KimberlyCervantes

    Anatomy5thperiod
    February2,2016

    NervousSystemLabReport

    Thislabreportwilladdressanormalcellenvironmentwheretheactionpotentialoccursinthe
    neurontriggerzonewhenthemembranepotential(electricalcharge)risesandfalls,theneuron
    thensendstheelectricalimpulsedownanaxonawayfromthecellbodyanditwillalsoaddress
    theeffectsoftoxinsontheactionpotentialfollowedbycranialnerveandreflextesting.Action
    potentialalsoknownasanerveimpulseistheeventsofelectricalresponsethattakesplaceina
    cell,causedwhendifferentionscrossestheneuronmembrane.Thefirsteventinaction
    potentialisdepolarization,wherethesodiumionsflowintothecellchangingthesodiumions
    fromanegativetoapositivelevelatthemembraneoftheneuron.Theeventafter
    depolarization,thecellrepolarizesitselfafterusingitssodiumpotassiumpumplocatedinthe
    membraneforeverythreesodiumionsitpumpsout,itpumpsintwopotassiumionsuntilthe
    properchargeisreached.Duringtherefractoryperiod,whichlastsaround1/2500pfasecond,
    theaxonscannotbestimulatedtoproduceanotheractionpotential.Thefigurebelowrepresent
    allinformationanddatacollectedbyresearchingactionpotentialfurtherandlabsperformed
    withinformationabove.

    Figure1
    NormalActionPotential

    Actionpotentialhappensinseveraltypesofcellswhichareanimalscellandexcitablecellsthat
    includesneurons,musclecells,andendocrinecells.
    Animal

    Toxin

    Reaction

    BlackWidowSpider

    Latrotoxin

    Heartdamage

    Krait

    Bungarotoxin

    Crucialtobinding

    BlueRingedOctopus

    Maculotoxin

    Causesparesthesiaand
    paralysis

    Scorpion

    Charybdotoxin

    Swelling

    ConeSnail

    Conotoxin

    Droopingeyelid,urinary
    retentiondiplopia,blurred
    vision,speechdifficulty,and
    weakness.

    Pufferfish

    Tetrodotoxin

    Happensinthe
    cardiovascularsystem

    Bee

    Apamin

    Difficultybreathing,swelling
    inthethroatandtongue,and
    shock.

    Figure2

    Animalwiththetoxinsandreactionthatiscausedbytheneurotoxin.

    CranialNerves

    Functions

    OlfactoryNerve

    tosmell

    OpticNerve

    senseofsightofretina

    OculomotorNerve

    eyemovementpupilconstriction

    TrochlearNerve

    workswiththeoculomotortoproduceeye
    movement

    TrigeminalNerve

    chewingmuscleofthejaws

    AbducensNerve

    associatedwitheyemovement

    FacialNerve

    controlsmuscletoproducefacialexpressions

    VestibulocochlearNerve

    Transmitssounds

    AccessoryNerve

    Nervethatcontrolsthesternocleidomastoid
    andtrapeziusmuscles

    GlossopharyngealNerve

    Mixednervethatcarryafferentsensory

    Figure3
    Cranialnerveswhicharesymmetricallyarrangedsothateachnerveisdistributed
    mainlytothestructuresoftheheadandneck.Thenervesthatareattachedtothebrainand
    theypassthroughtheopeningsoftheskulls.

    Test

    Results
    LeftRight

    ResultsVaryingCondition

    Comments

    Bicep

    Didn'tfeelathing

    Thickfat

    Achilles

    ++

    ++

    Barelyhadareflex

    Bylittlefatarm

    Babinski

    ++

    ++

    Barelyhadareflex

    Tickledalittle

    Crossed
    Extensor

    ++

    ++

    Barelyhadareflex

    Armedmoveda
    littlemore

    Glabellar

    +++

    +++

    Feltitalotwithstrong
    reflex

    Myeyesblinked
    fast

    Figure4
    ReflexLabChartwithreflexmallet.

    Thereisreflexarchthatisanaturalpathwaythatcausereflexaction.Therearetwotypesreflex
    archeswhichareautonomicreflexarcandsomaticreflexarc.Autonomicreflexarcwhich
    affectstheinnerorgansandsomaticreflexarcwhichisaffectingmuscles.It'sapathwaythatis
    followedbyasensorynerveincarryingthesensationofreceptororgantothespinalcord.
    Whichthemotornervethatcarriestheordertotheeffectororganduringareflexaction.

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