Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Journal of The Institute of Marine Engineers (India) February 2016
Journal of The Institute of Marine Engineers (India) February 2016
VOLUME 10
P9
P17
ISSUE 3
FEBRUARY 2016
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www.imare.in 3
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Inside
Editorial
13
17
20
23
27
33
Marine News
37
41
Obituary
48
QUIZ PAGE
49
Rajesh Madusudanan
Administration Office
IMEI House
Plot No. 94, Sector - 19, Nerul,
Navi Mumbai 400 706.
Tel. : +91 22 2770 16 64
Fax : +91 22 2771 16 63
E-mail : editormer@imare.in
Website : www.imare.in
Ashok Khanna
February 2016
Editorial Board
Editor : Mr S. M. Rai
Mr Y. Nath
Mr B. S. Mathur
Ms Sharvani Mishra
Journal Coordinator : Ms Meenu Bhalla
Disclaimer :
Papers and articles have been included in this Journal
largely as submitted, with basic editing and formatting
only, and without technical peer review. The Institute of
Marine Engineers (India) does not take any responsibility
whatsoever for any statements and claims made in these
papers and articles for the quality, accuracy and validity
of data presented or for any other contents. Inclusion of
papers, articles, and advertisements does not constitute
any form of endorsement whatsoever by The Institute of
Marine Engineers (India).
Printed, Published and Edited by Mr. Surendra M. Rai on behalf of The Institute of Marine Engineers (India).
Published from 1012 Maker Chambers V, 221 Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021, and Printed from Compact Photo Offset,
116 Shriniwas, Behind Gograswadi, Dombivli (E) 421 201. District Thane
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 5
www.imare.in
Editors
Keyboard...
The year gone by has initiated many historical
Dear Friends,
The new Editorial Team has taken over the
publication of MER (I) from this issue onwards.
System.
the horizon.
challenge.
S. M. Rai
editormer@imare.in
www.imare.in 7
The iCOlube
Pioneering Technology
O ceanic Lubes
India Representative for
LUKO IL Marine Lubricants
Tel.: +91 22 2781 0406
Tel.: +91 22 6673 5319
email: oceanic@ lukoil.com
www.imare.in
Sukhvinder Singh Rayat, is a Marine Engineer and MSc in Marine Technology from Newcastle University. He is a
Member of IME (I) and is currently working with the Vessel performance management cell at The Great Eastern
Shipping Company Ltd, Mumbai.
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 9
EEDI=
Transportation work=Capacity V
Figure 1.2 MARPOL ANNEX VI Fuel Sulphur Limits
ii To introduce three tier structure for nitrogen
oxide emission.
The current tier II level of 14.4 g/Kw-h replaced the tier
I level of 17.0 g/kWh
from 1 January 2011. The tier
II level will be replaced by tier III level of 3.4 g/Kw-h
in Emission Control Areas from 1 January 2016. These
limits are applicable for the engines whose rated speed
is less than 130 rpm.
Companys
obligations
under
this
access
to
the
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
The Navi Mumbai chapter of the Institute Of Marine
Engineers (India), Mumbai Branch in association with Harris
Pye Engineering India Pvt. Ltd. is organizing a TECHNICAL
SEMINAR
Date: Saturday, 13 February 2016.
th
Membership
ICards for All
IMEI Members
All IMEI Members are requested
to provide/ update their following
data to enable us to start making
Membership I cards for them:
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2. Permanent Address with Pin
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5. Email Id
Kindly also send a scanned copy
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or
write to
The Membership Cell
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(India)
IMEI House, Plot no. 94, Sector 19,
Nerul East, Navi Mumbai 400 706
Hon. General Secretary
www.imare.in
Alcohol Metabolism
Metabolism is the body's process of converting ingested
substances to other compounds. Metabolism results in
some substances becoming more, and some less, toxic than
those originally ingested. Metabolism involves a number of
processes, one of which is referred to as oxidation. Through
oxidation, alcohol is detoxified and removed from the blood,
preventing the alcohol from accumulating and destroying
cells and organs. A minute amount of alcohol escapes
metabolism and is excreted unchanged in the breath and in
urine. Until all the alcohol consumed has been metabolized,
it is distributed throughout the body, affecting the brain and
other tissues.
Rajesh Madusudanan is an Associate member of IME (I) and a sailing Second Engineer, holding MEO Class I, CoC from India.
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 13
www.imare.in
www.imare.in 17
PARIS CONFERENCE
It was significant that the conference
which was planned years in advance
was held despite series of terrorist
attacks in central Paris just two weeks
prior to the scheduled inauguration of
the conference where many heads of
nations were expected to participate
and grace the inauguration.
The conference finalised what
is termed as Paris Agreement
on reduction of climate change.
Agreement commits to limiting the
global warming to less than 2% Celsius
compared to pre-industrial levels.
The version adopted by the Paris
Agreement also includes member
states to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 degree
centigrade which would require zero
emissions as predicted by scientists
between 2030 and 2050.
It is however to be noted that at the
Paris Conference no explicit reference
to shipping or aviation was included
in the final text.
Commendable and significant is
the commitment made by larger
developing nations such as China,
India and Brazil to reduce CO2
emissions and to contribute on a
voluntary basis to the climate finance.
Indian prime Minister who addressed
the plenary session at COP 21
conference while sharing the pain &
the agony of Paris, post cowardly acts
of terrorists expressed great hope
that due recent initiatives taken,
dependency on fossil fuels will reduce
and focus will shift to the renewable
energy. He also hoped that advance
nations will assist developing nations
and assume ambitious targets and
pursue them sincerely.
The Paris Agreement has also
included that all nation including the
large developing nations to increase
the scale of their CO2 reduction
commitments every five years and
report same to UNFCC. Developing
nations have been requested to do
this on voluntary basis.
CHINA
To achieve the peaking of carbon
dioxide emissions around 2030
and making best efforts to
peak early;
To lower carbon dioxide emissions
per unit of GDP by 60% to 65%
from the 2005 level;
To increase the share of nonfossil fuels in primary energy
consumption to around 20%; and
To increase the forest stock
volume by around 4.5 billion cubic
meters on the 2005 level.
INDIA
To reduce the emissions intensity
of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by
2030 from 2005 level.
To achieve about 40 percent
cumulative
electric
power
installed capacity from non-fossil
fuel based energy resources by
2030, with the help of transfer
of technology and low cost
international finance including
from Green Climate Fund (GCF).
www.imare.in 19
Marine Spills
Awareness, Impact & Preparedness
Capt Sandeep Kalia
Preface
In todays progressive world we are faced with the dual
challenge of developing our economy and protecting the
environment. The author feels that under no condition
should economic growth & development take precedence
over protection of environment. Almost all maritime
casualties, regardless of cargo, represent a potential threat
to the environment. Renewable energy technology is
also playing a vital role in reducing the quantities of CO2
emissions released into the atmosphere and contributing
to reduction of the greenhouse effect.
The challenges faced by the maritime industry globally, with
respect to sustainment of marine environment are common
and the need of the hour is a comprehensive prevention,
response and compensation regime. Pollution defense
is at the top of the agenda. A documented methodology
for undertaking any contingency is a prerequisite for a
dynamic system.
A comprehensive response system must follow the cradle
to grave philosophy. This implies that the system should
cover all relevant aspects from the initial phase of causality
management, on scene mobilisation, spill monitoring,
response, defueling operations, salvage or wreck removal,
waste disposal, monitoring chemical and environmental
effects and cleanup post completion.
Indian Perspective
The major source of oil spills, next to oil transportation,
is the hydrocarbon exploration arena. With the increase
in exploration and production, the probability of oil
spill from Offshore platforms in West & East coast has
increased dramatically.
Constant flow of tanker traffic merging on the south west
coast and activities related to off shore oil exploration in
Capt Sandeep Kalia is a Master Mariner & founder Director of the first fully established Indigenous Salvage Company.
Presently he is Director of NUSI Offshore Training Institute (NOTI) and Global Brand Ambassador & CO-Chairman of
Oil Spill India.
20 Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in
Nairobi, May 2007. It came into force w.e.f 1st April 2015.
The Game changing aspect of the convention is that once in
force, the right of states to order the removal of wrecks will
extend from territorial waters to 200-mile EEZ. No vessel,
semi-sub, floating platform or craft over 300 GT will be
allowed into port of a Convention state unless it is carrying
a wreck removal insurance certificate. The convention
applies within territorial waters and there are provisions in
the convention to extend the application upto 200 NM EEZ.
Failure to implement will be treated as a Criminal Offense.
This will also be extended to offshore vessels servicing
offshore installations.
Indian law with respect to wreck is laid down in Part XIII of
the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 and in the Indian Ports
Act, 1908.
With ongoing revision of MS Act combined with entry
of Nairobi convention, we should witness remarkable
improvement in handling contingencies, spills, pollution
reporting & monitoring and removal of wrecks.
Impact of Spills on Marine Environment
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also known as the Mocando
or the BP Oil Spill) was the largest marine oil spill in history,
and was caused by an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon
offshore oil platform about 50 miles southeast of the
Mississippi River delta on April 20, 2010. Eleven workers
were presumed killed in the initial explosion. Oil Spilled
780000 Cum, Area of Impact 180000 Km2.
Preparedness
The sheer scale of incidents like Oil Spill are so daunting &
challenging that we need to collectively push frontiers of
cutting edge technology & innovation that would drive the
synergies in planning, prevention, response & restoration
efforts for such incidents.
Climate Change & Environmental Disaster mitigation
are attendant issues that have now become emergent with
each passing day in todays world. Sustainability challenges
figure high on agendas as companies reshape the energy
basket and we are sanguine that guidance on managing
energy security issues through sustainable work practices
and climate friendly technology will emerge.
Given the complexity and challenges that the energy
businesses face in delivering energy for sustainable
development of the world, responsible culture needs to
be incorporated at all levels, from the small communities
22 Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
January 2016
been writing about it. I would like to
give you my views.
We must recognize that POLITICS
is ECONOMICS and ECONOMICS
is POLITICS.
The world woke up on the 11th
September 2001 to a horrific attack
on the World Trade Center in New
York. The shock brought down
businesses, airlines were grounded,
capital markets went into a turmoil,
lending rates soared, oil and
insurance rates climbed, business
sentiments collapsed, underwriters
had huge liabilities staring at them.
There was gloom in the U.S. and the
economy tripped.
It was then that Alan Greenspan, the
head of the U.S. Federal Bank, pumped
in over a trillion Dollars into the
U.S. economy to revive sentiments,
revive lending to businesses, revive
and support insurance markets and
the Banking circles. (Remember a
trillion dollars was as much the Indian
economy then).
Federal Bank rates were brought
down from 2.5 % to 1.5% to 1% over
a period (today the Fed rate has been
0.25% till recently). This brought huge
liquidity to capital markets. Banks
had easy/ cheap money to lend and
they (over a period) began to lend
recklessly. This fueled consumption
and inflation and lending rates went
up gradually.
A lot of money also went into ship
financing on easy terms. Owners
could raise 90% debt with little risk
to build ships prior to 2008.
Enough and easy money helped global
trade of commodities, commodity
prices went up. Thermal coal used
to be $46 PMT in 2004/ 05 period,
which went up $140 PMT in 2008
and beyond, driven by demand and
liquidity. Similar has been the scene
with iron ore pricing.
This was also the time that China
was making huge investments in
infrastructure and preparing for the
Ashok Khanna is a Master Mariner and currently working as CEO, Shapoorji Pallonji Forbes Shipping Ltd., Mumbai
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 23
DURAtION
DAtES
5 days
01 Feb 16, 15 Feb 16, 14 Mar 16, 28 Mar 16, 11 Apr 16, 25 Apr 16
4 days
DP Maintenance
5 days
Every Monday
DP Awareness
2 days
On Request
1/2 day
On Request
DURAtION
DAtES
3 days
15 Feb 16
21 Mar 16
11 Apr 16
Ice Navigation
2 days
11 Feb 16
06 Apr 16
2 days
10 Mar 16
Chartworld ECDIS
2 days
On Request
FURUNO ECDIS
2 days
On Request
JRC ECDIS
1 day
On Request
TRANSAS ECDIS
1 day
On Request
3 days
On Request
4 days
23 Feb 16
15 Mar 16
27 Apr 16
Totem ECDIS
1 day
On Request from
01 Feb 16
DAtES
ECDIS - FURUNO
COURSE
2 days
On Request
ECDIS - JRC
1 day
12 Feb 16
13 Feb 16
Chartworld ECDIS
2 days
On Request
1 day
On Request
4 days
08 Feb 16
1 day
16 Mar 16
2 days
14 Mar 16
DURAtION
DAtES
2 days
On Request
ECDIS - JRC
1 day
01 Feb 16
02 Feb 16
26 Feb 16
27 Feb 16
15 Apr 16
16 Apr 16
Chartworld ECDIS
2 days
On Request
2 days
09 Mar 16
25 Apr 16
1 day
11 Mar 16
27 Apr 16
4 days
22 Feb 16
11 Apr 16
1 day
On Request
Transas ECDIS
1 day
On Request from
01 Feb 16
ECDIS - FURUNO
COURSE
Tanker Familiarisation Courses
(CHEMFAM / GASFAM / OILFAM)
DURAtION
DAtES
5 days each
On Request
11 days
15 Feb 16
31 Mar 16
12 days
29 Feb 16
18 Apr 16
12 days
01 Feb 16
14 Mar 16
5 days
01 Feb 16
15 Feb 16
28 Mar 16
11 Apr 16
DURAtION
DAtES
5 days
08 Feb 16,
22 Feb 16
29 Feb 16
14 Mar 16
28 Mar 16
11 Apr 16
18 Apr 16
25 Apr 16
5 days
22 Feb 16
14 Mar 16
11 Apr 16
3 days
08 Feb 16
21 Mar 16
18 Apr 16
2 days
16 Feb 16
1 Mar 16
05 Apr 16
9 days
15 Feb 16
14 Mar 16
11 Apr 16
6 days
22 Feb 16
28 Mar 16
25 Apr 16
SIMS Advantage
State-of-the-art training facilities
Mumbai campus located at
Govandi, barely 20 mins from
Seamens Club
Reasonably priced
accommodation available close
to Mumbai campus
Advt_8
SIMS Lonavala
Village Takwe Khurd
Mumbai-Pune Highway (NH4), Lonavala
Dist. Pune, Maharashtra -410405
Tel: 02114 399500
SIMS Mumbai
5th Floor, Sai Commercial Building, BKS Devshi Marg,
Govandi Station Road, Govandi East Mumbai, PIN- 400088 India
Tel: (91)22 67031571/67993545 Fax: 67993546 Mobile: 9819811366
Email for Offshore Courses: dp@samundra.com
Email for other courses: training.sims@samundra.com
SIMS Chandigarh
CVU-1 Central Plaza, Sector 105
Mohali Hills, Banur Landran Road
Greater Mohali
Tel: 0160 6667777
SIMS Kochi
ESM Complex, Near Gold Souk,
St. Ritas Road, Ponnuruni,
Vytiila PO
Kochi 682019
Tel : 0484 -3002300
www.imare.in
Suezmax
Aframax
P.E. of Suez
P.W. of Suez
Soft
Stable
Mixed
Firm
Mixed
58
91
This
week
Last
Week
38
97
Low
2016
High
2016
MEG / West
VLCC
50.00
45.00
45.00
63.00
MEG / Japan
VLCC
75.00
59.00
59.00
111.5
MEG / Singapore
VLCC
76.00
59.00
59.00
113.5
WAF / USG
260,000
85.00
87.00
85.00
113.0
WAF / USAC
130,000
85.00
110.0
85.00
115.0
Sidi Kerir / W Me
135,000
100.0
135.0
100.0
135.0
N. Afr / Euromed
80,000
90.00
112.5
90.00
115.0
UK / Cont
80,000
110.0
105.0
105.0
117.5
Caribs / USG
70,000
132.5
132.5
127.5
132.5
This
week
Last
week
Low
2016
High
2016
MEG / Japan
75,000
130.0
140.0
130.0
160.0
MEG / Japan
55,000
135.0
137.5
135.0
150.0
MEG / Japan
30,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
115.0
Singapore / Japan
30,000
135.0
135.0
135.0
147.5
Baltic T/A
60,000
155.0
140.0
140.0
155.0
UKC-Med / States
37,000
140.0
152.5
140.0
152.5
USG / UKC-Med
38,000
97.50
105.0
97.50
115.0
This
week
Last
week
Low
2016
High
2016
VLCC
(modern)
52 500
52 500
52 500
55 000
Suezmax
(modern)
38 000
38 000
38 000
38 500
Aframax
(modern)
29 500
29 500
29 000
29 500
LR2
105,000
29 500
29 500
29 000
29 500
LR1
80,000
24 500
24 750
23 250
24 750
MR
47,000
18 500
18 750
18 500
18 750
Product
EAST OF SUEZ Despite a rather busy
week for the LR2 market in the Middle
East, charterers have managed to
squeeze rates down a few points this
week. MEG/UKC is currently trading
at around USD 2.25 million and MEG/
Japan at around ws95(ws 2015)/
www.imare.in 27
DRY BULK
Capesize
Idling or layup are now very real
alternatives to sailing even for owners
of modern tonnage in this segment,
and the number of units drifting or
anchored is increasing exponentially.
Panamax
Handysize
Slow
Weakening
Moderate
Rates
9 000
9 500
9 000
12 200
2.00
2.50
2.00
3.70
Richards Bay/R.dam
2.00
2.45
2.00
3.20
2 700
2 750
2 700
4 350
6 000
6 000
6 000
8 000
400.0 4
00.0
400.0
480.0
TCT F. East RV
2 600
2 750
2 600
3 250
4.00
3.80
4.00
Murmansk
15/25,000 sc
b.13-ARA 3.80
HANDYSIZE (usd/day)
Atlantic RV
4 000
4 400
3 900
4 400
Pacific RV
3 500
3 900
3 500
3 900
6 500
6 900
6 500
7 500
5 300
6 500
5 300
7 000
4 800
5 750
4 800
6 000
4 750
5 000
4 750
5 500
5 250
5 500
5 250
5 500
358
394
n/a
n/a
is outperforming the
demand to an extent
hardly seen before.
Transatlantic
rounds
are well below 3.000
on T/C average, with
all business concluded
bss APS without BB.
Fronthaul activity is
limited, with levels
arnd 6K. ECSA grains
also moving slow with
5 + 90 done on modern
Kamsarmax. The Far East is hovering
around 3K + a small BB. Period activity
is hardly evident with a year well
under 5 K and a 12 months forward
curve levelling out at 4.500 mid week.
Panamax
Another depressing week, with a
market in steady decline all across
the board in both hemispheres.
The release of Chinese economy
growth last year at 6,9 % did not
inject any optimism in an already
battered sentiment. For spot
activity the overwhelming supply
Handy
The Supramax market has been more
active in the east this week with freight
still at unimproved levels. It is unlikely
15-23,000 cbm
82,000 cbm
Mixed
Moderate
Moderate
LPG Rates
SPOT MARKET (usd/month)* This week Last week Low 2016 High 2016
VLGC / 84,000
LGC / 60,000
MGC / 38,000
HDY / 22,000
920 000
920 000
920 000
920 000
20.000 cbm / SR
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ETH / 10,000
520 000
520 000
520 000
520 000
SR / 6,500
450 000
450 000
450 000
450 000
COASTER Asia
150 000
150 000
145 000
150 000
COASTER Europe
180 000
180 000
175 000
180 000
Propane
Butane
274.5
297.5
Saudi Arabia / CP
345.0
390.0
152.4
189.1
Sonatrach : Bethioua
287.0
335.0
ISO
195.6
LNG
SPOT MARKET (usd/day)
29 000
30 000
29 000
30 000
29 000
30 000
29 000
31 000
1 yr TC 155-165'cbm
35 000
35 000
35 000
35 000
GAS
Chartering
It has been an unevenful week in the
VLGC market, the spot rates have
been more or less unchanged and
it seems the Baltic VLGC index has
settled in the mid USD 50s for the
reference voyage Ras Tanura/Chiba.
The CFR pricing in the East has not
encouraged any spot chartering,
however, there may be a change
(price increase) on its way despite
Brent and WTI still in the USD 20s per
barrel. The owners have been looking
for opportunities to jack up the spot
rates both from the MEG and the
USG, however, the trade margins have
been too thin recently and the West
to East arbitrage has been shut. Either
lower FOB prices and/or freight rates
or stronger CFR sentiment is what it
takes to spur chartering activity from
current sluggish VLGC market, neither
of them appear to be happening any
time soon, though. The fleet balance
ahead is not too bad (from owners
point of view), and charterers may
have to pay up to secure freight for
late January or early February loading
in the East. In the West we reckon
USG chartering for February is done
already, March has been looked at,
but again the margins are too thin
to go ahead and book something
longhaul at this time. With current
price spreads the USG material can
only stay in the western local market,
i.e. not good news for shipping if it
lasts for long.
www.imare.in 29
NEWBUILDING
Few orders to report over the last week. The new Norwegian
established company Viken Crude has confirmed an order
of totally 4 tankers plus options at Korean yards. The order
consist of one Ice classed Aframax tanker and one Suezmax
NEWBUILDING CONTRACTS
Type
No
Size
Yard
Buyer
Del
Cruise
10000 gt
Uljanik
Scenic Group
2018
PC
13000 dwt
Dae Sun
Viken Crude
2017
MT
115000 dwt
Samsung
Viken Crude
2018
MT
155000 dwt
Samsung
Viken Crude
2018
Price
Comm
Ice 1A
Dry Bulkers
Others
Moderate
Low
Low
Newbuilding Prices
Average Far Eastern Prices
PRICES
(mill usd)
This
week
Last
week
Low
2016
High
2016
VLCC 300'dwt
92.00
92.00
92.00
92.00
Suezmax 150'dwt
63.00
63.00
63.00
63.00
Aframax 110'dwt
51.00
51.00
51.00
51.00
Product 50'dwt
35.00
35.00
35.00
35.00
Capesize 180'dwt
45.00
46.00
45.00
46.00
Panamax 82'dwt
25.00
26.00
25.00
26.00
Handymax 64'dwt
24.00
24.50
24.00
24.50
193.0
193.0
193.0
193.0
203.0
203.0
203.0
203.0
Questions for
MEO Class II and I
students
The Institute of Marine Engineers (India)
promotes the growth of Marine Engineering
through various channels and avenues. It is
our constant endeavor to keep pace with the
latest developments in the Industry. The IMEI
requests members to submit list of questions
that are suitable to test the competency of
candidates appearing for their Class II and
Class I MEO examinations. The DG approved
syllabus for these exams has been uploaded
on the IMEI website (www.imare.in).
Members are requested to send their
questions to Director, Training Mr. N. Mathur
at: nmathur@imare.in
www.imare.in
DEMOLITIONS
Market brief
High
2016
This
week
Last
week
Low
2016
USD/JPY
116.7
118.1
116.7 118.6
USD/KRW
1 214
1 204
1 201 1 214
USD/NOK
8.86
8.81
8.81
8.96
EUR/USD
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.09
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.86
1.22
1.17
1.15
1.22
28.06
31.72
28.06 34.90
Rate of exchange
Interest rate
Commodity prices
Brent spot (USD)
Bunker prices
Singapore
380 CST
145.0
156.0
145.0
177.0
180 CST
148.0
160.0
148.0
200.0
Gasoil
265.0
311.0
265.0
330.0
107.0
111.0
107.0
129.0
180 CST
127.0
130.0
127.0
150.0
Diesel
245.0
271.0
245.0
296.0
Vessel
name
Size
MV Cape
Olive
169 963
Ldt
Built Buyer
Price
MV Fengli
280
MV
Annoula K
69 406
9 535
1989 Indian
280
MV Samos 70 293
Legend
9 191
1996 Indian
277
MV Dona
Maria
8 082
1983 Indian
278
27 995
Vessel
Size
Built
Buyer
Price
MT
Famenne
298 412
2001
Agritrade
38,40
MT
Petrokrepost
105 657
1999
Bakri
15,00
MT
Alam Budi
47 065
2001
Undisclosed
13,00
MT
Richard Maersk
34 826
2001
Far Eastern
11,50
MT
Scarlet Ray
19 950
2016
Greathorse
32,80
MT
Kenza
16 456
2001
Myungsan
8,50
MT
Osman Bey
6 308
2007
Akbasoglu
6,00
MT
Serra-Mert
5 250
2010
Undisclosed
8,30
MT
Mar Isa
4 832
2003
Undisclosed
3,00
BC
Megalodon
182 000
2016
Undisclosed
35,50
BC
Jolanda
180 378
2015
Undisclosed
34,50
BC
Cape Century
172 683
2001
Karadeniz
6,30
BC
Koryu
172 549
2000
Zhogyuan Shipping
6,00
BC
Nisshin Trader
172 517
2001
Kardeniz
6,10
BC
Calm Seas
74 047
1999
Undisclosed
2,90
BC
GMT Phoenix
56 763
2012
Sinotrans
8,00
BC
Bianco Dan
55 628
2004
Far Eastern
5,30
BC
Joost Schulte
45 874
1997
Undisclosed
2,20
BC
Zini
28 412
1998
Chinese
2,80
BC
Shuei
19 968
2012
Undisclosed
9,00
BC
Asian Tide
7 448
2008
UAE based
1,30
Comm.
At auction
At Auction
www.imare.in 31
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Student Section
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Student Section
TROUBLE SHOOTING
1. Indications of air in the system:
a. Refrigeration compressor outlet
temperature high.
b. Condenser outlet temperature
high
c. Condenser discharge pressure
high
d. Presence of small bubbles in the
sight glass
e. Jerking pointer gauge
Remedy:
Air in the system can be removed
by collecting the system gas in the
condenser, leaving the condenser
cooling water on and venting out the
air from the top of the condenser
because air will not be condensed in
the condenser but remains on top
of the condenser above the liquid
refrigerant. Connect the collecting
cylinder to the purging line of the
condenser, open the valve, and collect
air in the cylinder.
2. Indications of moisture in the
system:
a. Ice formation in expansion
valves, capillary tubes or
evaporators.
b. Corrosion of metals
c. Chemical damage to insulation
in hermetic compressors or
other system materials
Remedy:
Renew silica gel in case of minor
moisture. Collect refrigerant and
remove all air and moisture by
vacuum pump if the amount is huge.
3.
Chamber
not
maintaining
temperature:
POSSIBLE REASONS:a) Fan is not working properly
causing no or less flow of heat
from contents of the chamber
to the liquid in the evaporator
coil.
b) Evaporator coil is covered with
Ice may be due to no defrosting
done.
c) Not Enough liquid in the
Evaporator coil or in the receiver
Student Section
use a leak detection lamp. The
flame is normally a pale blue
or colorless and impinges on a
copper plate. Traces of Freon
picked up by exploring tube
gives the flame a pale green
changing to violet for higher
concentration.
4. REFRIGERANT
AND
ITS
DESIRABLE PROPERTIES : A refrigerant is a substance
that acts as a cooling agent by
absorbing and giving off heat.
In the Vapour compression cycle,
the refrigerant is a working fluid
that alternately vaporises and
condenses as it absorbs and
rejects heat respectively.
To be suitable for use as a
refrigerant, it needs to possess
following
thermodynamic,
chemical,
physical
and
environmental properties.
1. Low
Condensing
pressure
(Pressure to which compressor
has to compress the gas should
be low to avoid heavy compressor
and equipment )
2. Low Boiling point. ( Liquid at
Evaporator coil should vaporise
easily to avoid high vacuum at
compressor)
3. Low specific heat of liquid . (
to avoid vaporisation during
throttling )
4. High latent heat of Vaporisation.
(Should take away large amount
of heat to reduce mass flow of
refrigerant )
5. Critical temperature should be
high so that Sea water at its
temperature should be able to
condense the compressed gas.
6. Low specific Volume. ( Vapour
should occupy minimum volume )
7. Non Corrosive, non toxic, non
poisonous.
8. Non flammable, non explosive,
and chemically stable.
9. Environmental friendly.
10. Leakages should be easy to detect
and locate.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
Ozone depletion in upper
stratosphere is one of the
major problems facing the
environmental scientists.
Emissions from refrigeration and
air conditioning plants that use
chlorine based refrigerants i.e.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and
Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC)
are some of the main causes of
ozone depletion.
Refrigerants classed in HFC group
such as Refrigerant 134a is being
used .
All HFCs have Zero Ozone
depletion potential (ODP)
Ozone is a gas composed of 3
atoms of oxygen. It is harmful
to breathe. Ozone in the
stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet
radiation called UVB that is
harmful to living organism. Ozone
layer prevents most UVB from the
sun to reach the earth.
CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFC)
CFC is a compound consisting of
Chlorine, Fluorine, Carbon.
They are broken down by strong
ultraviolet light in the stratosphere
and release chlorine atoms which
deplete the ozone layer. They have
high Ozone depleting Potential (ODP)
HYDROCHLOROFLOUROCARBON
(HCFC)
HCFC is a compound consisting of
Hydrogen, Chlorine, Fluorine, and
carbon.
It contains Chlorine which depletes
ozone in Stratosphere, though to a
lesser extent than CFC. They have low
ODP.
HYDROFLOUROCARBON (HFC)
HFC is a compound consisting of
Hydrogen, Flourine and Carbon.
It does not contain Chlorine or
bromine, hence it does not deplete
Ozone layer.
Refrigerant 134a is classed in HFC and
has ZERO ODP.
Student Section
superheated before it reaches the
evaporator.
As a result
* The heat of compression is slightly
more.
* For the same condensing pressure,
the discharge temperature is
higher.
* Greater quantity of heat has to be
rejected in the condenser.
* Mass flow of refrigerant per
second is reduced.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE ON
ENTHALPY DIAGRAM
1 2: Evaporator : Extraction of
Heat causes liquid to Vapour
transformation in Evaporator at
13 degrees C . 2 3 : Compressor
: Work done in Compressor.
3 4 : Condenser : Vapour to Liquid
transformation in Condenser at
42 degrees C by energy thrown at
sea.
4 1 : Expansion Valve : Throttling at
Expansion Valve.
Load changes will result in changes
in superheat of the evaporator
outlet gas. The remote bulb
sensor line pressure would then
be affected thereby causing the
valve to react to the load change.
If the evaporator is operating with
no superheat, the pressure above
and below the diaphragm is equal.
If the superheat starts to rise, the
Marine News
www.imare.in
Marine News
Marine News
Container Weight
Verification to be
enforced from 1st July
2016
The Container Weight Verification requirement adopted by
IMO (MSC 94) vide amendments to the SOLAS Convention,
Chapter VI Regulation 2 (Cargo information regarding a
mandatory container gross weight verification, together
with associated guidelines published as MSC.1/Circ. 1475)
will come into force from 1st July 2016. This means all
packed containers will be required to have a verified gross
weight declared by shippers after this date.
The mis-declaration of container weights has been an
issue that has concerned many in the shipping industry
for some time. The SOLAS amendment will require all
containers to be either be directly weighted to confirm the
shippers declared weigh or to use a method of calculated
verification whereby the shippers can weigh all packages
and cargo items including pallets, dunnage and the tare
(unladen weight) of the container to confirm the weight.
This compromise solution will disappoint many that wanted
all containers to be actually weighed but some argued that
it would not be possible in some countries to weigh each
container. Shippers, freight forwarders, vessel operators,
and terminal operators will all need to establish policies
and procedures to ensure the implementation of this
regulatory change.
marine engineer,
a
project
manager
and
author of the
book Necessary
Bridges spoke
on
Public
Speaking
and
Story Telling for
Project Managers
and Engineers.
Shri
Rashid
Kapadia and is
based in the USA.
All of us need to
be persuaded to
become better
communicators
and leaders by making a 100%
commitment to acquiring expertise
in public speaking and storytelling.
Republic Day was celebrated with great enthusiasm at IMEI House, the Head
office of the Institute, with the hoisting of the National Flag by Navi Mumbai
Chapter Chairman Mr. Pravin Kirolikar. The members, Faculty, Students, office Staff
and family members who were also present at the flag hoisting, sang the
National Anthem.
On the occasion the Navi Mumbai Chapter Chairman, Director Training
Mr. Narendra Mathur and some other senior members also interacted with the
students of the Training Centre.
Institute Ties
And T-Shirts For
Sale
Dear Member,
Newly made institute ties and
tshirts are available for sale at
the following attractive prices:
Ties @ Rs. 200/- Each
T-shirts @ Rs. 300/- Each
Courier charges if applicable,
shall be extra on actuals.
The Mumbai Branch of the Institute of Marine Engineers (India), along with the Navi Mumbai
and Gujarat Chapters, will be hosting its Annual Meet on Saturday 05th March 2016, at the
Mumbai Cricket Association premises, Bandra-Kurla Complex, from 1930 hrs onwards.
Kindly confirm your participation in advance at Branch Office.
Mr. S. Vaidya,
Phone: 022-22834035, 22851195
Mobile 9699143941,
Email: mumbai@imare.in
42 Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
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The Institute of Marine Engineers (India) has been authorized by the Directorate General of Shipping
to issue Watch Keeping Certificates (WKC) to Engine Room Ratings and Tanker Endorsement (TE) to
Engine Room Ratings, Engine Room Petty Officers, Engineer Officer Trainees, vide addendum to NT/
ENGG Circular No. 12 of 2012 dated 16. 04. 2013.
www.imare.in 43
1)
2)
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1. Tanker Endorsements will be issued after a minimum of TWO clear working days subject to verification of documents & realization of
payments. The certificates are to be collected in person by the candidates after confirming with FC by telephone and on presentation
of original receipt issued on submission of application.
2. Watch Keeping Certificates will be issued after a maximum of SEVEN working days subject to verification of documents and realization
of payments. Delayed verification response from companies and institutes issuing the certificates, may delay the issue of Watch
Keeping Certificates. The certificates will be sent by speed post to the candidates.
3. Requests for earlier issue of certificates will not be entertained under any circumstances.
4. Fees once remitted will not be refundable under any circumstances.
Features: Experienced Faculty, Air Conditioned Class Rooms, Well-Stocked Library, Individual Attention; special tutorials
for orals.
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 45
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MER(I) Archive
Now on CDs
Energy
Efficiency
Ships
and
Introduction to Practical
Marine Engineering
Corporate Transformation
Without Tears
By Dr. L.R. Chary
List Price ` 150
Price for Members ` 135
Price for Students ` 105
For placing orders contact: IMEI House, Plot No. 94, Sector 19, Nerul, Navi Mumbai.
Phone: +91 22 27701664, +91 22 27701664 Email: administration@imare.in
* All Postage charges extra
KOLKATA
Tel.: 91-33-24987805
E-mail:imeikol@yahoo.co.in
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Obituary
With profound grief, we wish to
advise you of the sad demise of Mr.
Arvind Prasad on 12th January 2016
at 13.10 hrs. at Breach Candy hospital
after a brief illness.
He had his early education in rural
Bihar. Inspired by one of his seniors,
and as he was fond of travelling
overseas, sailing the ocean he decided
to become a marine engineer. He
graduated from the Directorate
of Marine Engineering & Training
Institute, Kolkata, where he excelled
in studies and sports. Throughout his
study at DMET, he received Govt. of
India merit scholarship (1964-68).
Within six years, he rose to the rank
of Chief Engineer. He successfully
passed the Extra First Class
Engineers Examination, the highest
professional qualification in his field,
from the Department of Trade, UK.
Mr. CV Ramachandran
provides QA services to Army, Navy
and Air Force.
He was considered an expert in
testing and trials for pre-approvals
of Fire Fighting Equipments, Weapon
Systems and Vehicles. He was posted
variously at Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and
Ahmadnagar during his tenure of 32
years and six months in the Services.
He was the Joint Controller of CQA(V)
Controllerate of Quality Assurance
QUIZ PAGE
Mr. Abhijit Banerjee
In this issue, we discuss the tragic
loss of a cruise liner which led to the
SOLAS Convention of 1974.
1. What was the name of the cruise
liner?
2. What was its flag state?
3. What was its last port of call?
4. To which port was it bound?
5. Which Canadian singer and
songwriter wrote a song about
the tragedy?
The Panama flagged SS Yarmouth
Castle departed Miami for Nassau
on November 12, 1965, with 376
passengers and 176 crewmen
aboard, a total of 552 people. Shortly
before 1:00 a.m. on November 13, a
mattress stored too close to a lighting
circuit in a storage room, Room 610,
caught fire. The room was filled with
mattresses and paint cans, which fed
the flames.
The crew found out the ship was
on fire when a passenger ran
screaming up a stairway, his clothes
smouldering, and collapsed. The
captain ordered the second mate to
sound the alarm on the ship's whistle,
but the bridge went up in flames
before the alarm could be sounded.
The ship's radio operator, who had
been off duty, found the radio shack
to be completely ablaze by the time
he reached it. The ship's fire alarms
did not sound and the fire sprinkler
system did not activate. Passengers
were awakened by screaming and
running in the alleyways as people
frantically tried to find lifejackets.
The fire swept through the ship's
superstructure at great speed, driven
by the ships natural ventilation
system. The flames rose vertically
through the stairwells, fuelled by
the wood panelling, wooden decks
and layers of fresh paint on the
walls. Many passengers had to
break windows and squeeze through
SS Yarmouth Castle.
Panama.
Miami.
Nassau.
Gordon Lightfoot.
In view of the impending holiday season, you are requested to avail of the subsidized facilities as mentioned below:
1. 6 fully furnished Air-Conditioned Bedrooms on
double-occupancy basis.
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The MEO Class IV (Motor) program is divided into the following courses online.
The program uses extensive animations, graphics, text and concept maps to enhance the interactive learning experience. The courses are
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Module) which is an International e-learning program development standard developed to
enhance e-learning experience. It also provides exam guide and tips, quiz, practice assessment, downloads and external learning links.
It lets the candidate to learn at their own pace and time from anywhere 24/7. The candidates additionally have access to e-coaching and
computer based self assessment.
On successful completion of the above e-learning program online, IMEI will issue a course completion certificate to the candidate/
engineer officer.
The entire course is available to students at Rs. 25,000/- ( Twenty five Thousand ) and if students desire, they can avail each subject by
paying Rs. 5000/- ( Five Thousand) as per their choice.
For joining the course and payment of fees, please Visit our website www.imare.in
For queries and further information, you may contact :
Honorary General Secretary
Institute of Marine Engineers (India)
IMEI House, Sector 19, Plot No. 94, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Pin 400706
Tel : +91 22 2770 1664/32676735 l Fax :+91 22 2771 1663 E mail : hgs@imare.in; administration@imare.in, Website: www.imare.in
Marine Engineers Review (India) February 2016
www.imare.in 51
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