Introduction

A herbaceous plant normally in botanical use simply herb, is a plant that

has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil
level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plants may
be annuals, biennials or perennials.
Annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or
when they have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed.
Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants have stems that die at the end of the
growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the ground from
season to season meanwhile for biennials plant, until the next growing season,
when they flower and die.
New growth develops from living tissues remaining on or under the ground,
including roots, a caudex which is known as a thickened portion of the stem at
ground

level

or

various

types

of underground

stems,

such

as bulbs, corms, rhizomes andtubers.

Besides,

examples

of

herbaceous

biennials

include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort. Otherwise, herbaceous perennials

include peony, mint, most ferns and most grasses.
Some

relatively

fast-growing

herbaceous

plants,

especially

annuals

are pioneers, or early-success species. Others form the main vegetation of many
stable habitats, occurring for example in the ground layer of forests, or in naturally
open habitats such as meadow, salt marshor desert.
Some herbaceous plants can grow rather large, such as the Musa genus, to
which the banana belongs. The age of some herbaceous perennial plants can be
determined by analyzing annual growth rings in the secondary root xylem, a
method called herb chronology.

History
Herbs are useful plants found in every culture of the world. There are several
documentations that prove that different herbs have been used

for different

purpose, such as herb for beauty, herb for medical, herb for cooking and herb for
spiritual, throughout the world and ever since history has been recorded.

Herbal Medicine History

Herbal medicine is the oldest form of healthcare known to mankind. Herbs
had been used by all cultures throughout history. It was an integral part of the
development of modern civilization. Primitive man observed and appreciated the
great diversity of plants available to him. Indeed, well into the 20th century much of
the pharmacopoeia of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native
peoples. Many drugs commonly used today are of herbal origin.
Examples, In 2735 B.C., the Chinese emperor ,Shen Nong wrote an
authoritative treatise on herbs that is still in use today. Shen Nong recommended
the use of Ma Huang which is known as ephedra in the Western world, for example,
against respiratory distress. Ephedrine, extracted from ephedra plant, is widely used
as a decongestant. Moreover, The records of King Hammurabi of Babylon (c. 1800
B.C.) include instructions for using medicinal plants. Hammurabi prescribed the use
of mint for digestive disorders. Modern research has confirmed that peppermint
does indeed relieve nausea and vomiting by mildly anesthetizing the lining of the
stomach.
2

But in Malaysia, there are a lot of herb that can be found. One of the best
example is Ginseng herb has a long history of use as an alternative medicine going
back over 5,000 years, and appears on several continents (origin unknown), it is
and was used extensively in Native American medicine. The root is adaptogen,
cardiotonic, demulcent, panacea, sedative, sialagogue, stimulant, tonic and
stomachic. Ginseng has been studied over the past 30 years in many countries, its
remarkable ability to help the body adapt to mental and emotional stress, fatigue,
heat,

cold,

and

even

hunger.The

major

constituents

in

Ginseng

are

Triterpenoidsaponins,Ginsenosides, which is at least 29 have been identified,

Acetylenic compounds, Panaxans, and Sesquiterpenes. Taken over an extended
period it is used to increase mental and physical performance. It is medicinal and
therapeutic for the whole body

Herbal Beauty History

According to records available, in ancient times, the Egyptians used plant
extracts to redden their lips and cheeks, outline their eyes as well as to massage
and cologne their bodies. Women, in ancient times, applied the pulverized leaves
and seeds of herbs on their face, hair and all over their bodies to make them appear
more attractive and beautiful. They also consumed tonics prepared with herbal
extracts and topically applied the oils extracted from the herbs for various types of
body massages. The Romans also applied face packs prepared with herbs and
soaked in baths perfumed with flowers.
In India, Ayurveda has also been endorsing the use of herbs for beauty and
healthy skin for more than 5,000 years now. However, the fact remains that until
the production of herbal cosmetics on a mass scale and commercially became
prevalent during this century, majority of the herbal beauty products were prepared
in small measures at home using various natural ingredients. Despite the
commercial production of herbal beauty products, the skill of preparing them in the
kitchen continues to thrive. Until today, several people like by making their herbal
cosmetic products at home, since it not only helps to save money, but at the same
time ensures that the ingredients being used are safe, natural and unadulterated.

However in Malaysia, Cinnamon tree is very well known as beauty herbs and
it also was known to ancient physicians even before 2700 BC. The Chinese used the
bark of this tree as a medicine. The Romans also knew about the medicinal value of
this bark. Eminent physicians like Galen, Dioscoredes and Sasaferes described
various uses of cinnamon. Indians knew about the therapeutic uses of this herb
before the 8th century.
Cinnamon is a native of Sri Lanka and tropical Asia. It has been cultivated
from ancient times. It appears to have reached Egypt and Europe by the fifth
century BC. This tree occurs in south India up to altitudes of 500 m but is more
common at lower altitudes, even below 200 m.

Herbal Cooking History

The tradition of using herbs to flavour foods is nothing new. It is, in fact,
almost as old as the human species itself. Archaeologists have found evidence
which suggests that the earliest cooks used parts of certain plants to season and
improve the flavour of particular foods. Mustard seed was chewed with meat, it
seems, and the seeds of wild wheat and barley were sprinkled on other foods to add
a nutty taste. These herbs would have been found growing wild and the cultivation
of herbs for culinary use came much later.
In cooking, an herb is a tasty or fragrant plant use for adding fresh flavor to
food. Types of herbs commonly used in cooking include basil, mint, garlic, chives
and rosemary. Rosemary is an example of a cooking herb that is not an herb but an
evergreen shrub. Other example, Basil also known as St. Josephs Wort and sweet
basil, is one of the most popular herbs used in cooking. It is a low growing herb with
tender, light green large leaves. Basil, which is native to Asia and it also has in
Malaysia. It has been around for thousands of years and over the years the plant

has been linked with cooking. The word basil is a Greek word that means king.
Hence, the word basil is still referred to as "the king of herbs" from world-renowned
chefs.
In Malaysia the parsley herbal plant is well known as herbal cooking plant. It
is a very popular erect, biennial herb which grows to a height of twelve inches. Rich,
green, dense leaves form a rosette base. Its aromatic leaves are used as culinary
flavouring.

Herbal Spiritual History

Every herb has spiritual meanings which have been handed down through the
ages. In the past, herbs and plants were an integral part of life and therefore had
meaning on all levels. Some of the spiritual meanings have come through different
spiritual groups that used herbs in their spiritual practices.
Flower lore is also another avenue for the uses of flowers and herbs in the
past. In their spiritual uses, herbs are not used internally but instead used in the
bath, in rituals,perhaps just tucking a fresh herb sprig under pillow. It just inhale and
let the scent take somewhere within to human spiritual center.
Performing spiritual-cleansing ceremonies with herbs is common among
many spiritual traditions. According to Jane Alexander, a spiritual living expert,
Chinese, Native Asian, Maori, Zulu and Balinese are just a few of the cultures that
5

continue to practice these ceremonies. In Malaysia, One of the most common ways
to cleanse with herbs is by smudging. Smudging involves immersing oneself or an
item in the smoke from a burning bundle of herbs.

Common Herbs and Herbal Preparations

Herbal Medicine

Local Name: Misai Kucing

English Name: Ortosiphon Staming
Family Name: Labiateae
Scientific Name: Ortosiphon Staming
Uses: This type of herb, is very helpful in order to against serious disease. Example,
high blood pressure, diabetes, stone pain, and good for urine process
Method Of Use: Drink all the misai kucings plant boiled water. Take the part of plant
from the root to shoot
Habitat: Easily to find at the lowland forest and forest edge
Special Feature: The flower of this tree, look like cat mustache.
Method of propagation: By stem cutting method
Care Management:
1. Keep the plants on a sunny window sill, preferably one with a southern view
for maximum sun exposure.
2. Herbs do not do well in cold weather
3. Water the fresh herb plants only when the soil is dry. Be sure they can drain thoroughly.
4. Trim or pinch back the center leaves of plants that have grown tall and spindly.

Local Name: Bangun-Bangun

English Name: Coeus Amboinicus
Family Name: Labiateae
Scientific Name: Plectranthus Amboinicus
Uses: It easily to cure disease like, cough, constipation, stomach ache, fever.
Method Of Use: Drink all the bangun-banguns plant boiled water.
Habitat: It live at open space
Special Feature: The leaf produce good smell and it also can be used as vegetable
side dish.
Method of Propagation: By Stem Cutting Method
Care and Management:
1. Herbs grow best in well-drained soil and develop their most intense flavor if
kept on the dry side.
2. When watering, apply enough water to moisten the root zone at least 6
inches deep.
3. Mulch around herbs to maintain even moisture and to reduce weeds.
4. Fertilize lightly with all-purpose fertilizer if growth is slow or weak, but avoid
fertilizing on a regular schedule

Local Name: Kacip Fatimah

English Name: Labisia Pumila
Family Name: Myrsinaceae
Scientific Name: Labisia Pumila
Uses: Suitable herb for pregnant women, cure piles, bone disease
Method Of Use:
1. Drink all the kacip fatimahs plant boiled water. Take the part of plant
especially from the root
2. Besides that, the powder from this plant can also be use for piles treatment.
Habitat: Easily to find at the lowland forest and watery place.
Special Feature: It has green leaf and a red fruit stalks at the base of the stem
Method of Propagation: It grow by the seed
Care and Management:
1. Water the fresh herb plants only when the soil is dry
2. Weed the bed regularly to prevent weeds from overtaking the bed. Weeds are
aggressive and rapid growers that can quickly overshadow the herbs plant,
robbing them of nutrients and moisture. Pull them from the roots when they
are small to avoid disturbing the roots of herbs.

Local Name: Pokok Gorek

English Name: Caesalpinia Bonducella
Family Name: Leguminosae
Scientific Name: Caesalpinia Bonducella
Uses: It is very suitable for maternity herb and patients who had high blood
pressure disease
Method Of Use:
1. The roots of the plant can be used as maternity herb.
2. The inside of the fruit can be boiled and drink the boiled water for the cure
high blood pressure.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature: It is one of the herb plant type that has spiny root and the taste
inside of the fruit is bitter.
Method of Propagation: It grow by the seed
Care and Management:
1. 1.It is need to provide water daily in order to keep the herb plants live
healthy.
2. Weed the bed regularly to prevent weeds from overtaking the bed

10

Local Name: Periuk Kera

English Name: Pitcher plant
Family Name: Nepenthaceae
Scientific Name: Nepenthes Gracilis Korth
Uses: It is best to grow hair, eyes pain, diarrhea, venomous bites, stone pain, high
blood pressure.
Method of Use:
1. The liquid inside the periuk kera plant can be used in order to grow hair lost
and cure the eyes pain.
2. Boiled the root and the stem to cure the diarrhea, stone pain and high blood
pressure. The juice taken from the stem also can be used to cure venomous
bite from danger animal.
Habitat: Live in forest area, hill and montane forest
Special Feature: Chinese people believe that this plant can give good luck to them.
Method Of Propagation: It is grow by root section method
Care and Management:
1.
2.
3.

1.The ideal locations for growing this plant are soggy areas.
2.Pitcher plants can tolerate low levels of humidity, during summers (growing season), high
humidity levels (60% and above) are required.
3.Dilute the fertilizer (one teaspoon for one gallon of water) and spray on the foliage and not
inside the pitchers. Should not put meat inside the pitchers, but, can use small insects, like,
flies and crickets for this purpose.

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Culinary Herbal

Local Name: Daun Bawang

English Name: Spring Onion
Family Name:Amaryllidaceae
Scientific Name: Allium fistulosum
Uses:
1. Spring onion are often chopped and used an ingredient in various hearty
warm dishes, although onions can also be a more prominent ingredient
Method Of Use: Usually people use their leaf only in their dishes.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature: The leaf can give good smell on your cooking meal
Method Of Propagation: It is grown from seed
Care and Management:
1. Prepare onion bed on an open sunny site that has good drainage.
2. 2. Dig in plenty of well rotted manure or, add lime if soil is acid, onions like a
pH of between 6 and 7
3. Sow the onion seeds very thinly into drills 13mm(1/2") deep, in rows
23cm(9") apart. Carefully cover the onion seed with soil and gently water in.
Germination will take approximately 21 days.
4. The pest that always beware is onion fly, eel worm, neck rot, white rot.

12

Local Name: Ketumbar

English Name: Coriander
Family Name: Apiaceae
Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum
Uses:
1. All parts of the plant are edible, but the fresh leaves (cilantro) and the dried
seeds are the parts most commonly used in cooking.
2. The word coriander in food preparation may refer solely to these seeds as a
spice, rather than to the plant itself.
Method Of Use: All the compartment include the leaf, the fruit and the root can be
used for cooking
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature:
1. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and
slender and feathery higher on the flowering stems.
2. In American culinary usage, the fruits ("seeds") are generally referred to as
coriander, the leaves as cilantro.
The Method Of propagation: It is grown from stem cutting method
Care and Management:
1. Plant coriander seeds in a sunny spot, with some shade for the hottest
afternoon sun if the plants will be harvested for their leaves, as intense heat
can cause the plants to flower and go to seed more quickly. They grow best

13

from seeds directly in the soil, as transplanting them can also cause them to
flower quickly.
2. If the coriander leaves are to be harvested, the plants should be at least
four-to-six-inches tall.
3. If the seeds of the plant are desired, it could take up to six months to harvest
them. Wait until the flowers have wilted and dried, then cut the stems with
scissors. Place them head-side down into a paper bag, and close the paper
bag around the stems and tie with string. Hang upside down for three weeks,
and then the seeds can be harvested by simply shaking the paper bag.

Local Name: Jintan Manis

English Name: Anise
Family Name: Apiaceae
Scientific Name: Pimpinella anisum
Uses:
1. Anise is sweet and very aromatic, distinguished by its licorice-like flavor.
2. Anise as a moderately popular herb to flavor some dishes, drinks, and candies.
Method Of Use: Blend the anise and pour to your cooking dish.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature:
1. Anise is a herbaceous annual plant growing to 3 ft (0.91 m) tall.
2. Its flavor resembles that of liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.
Method Of Propagation: It is grown from seed

14

Care and Management:

1. Seeds sown directly into the ground. Sow seed 1/2 inch deep outdoors. Does
not transplant well. Rows 2.5 to 3 feet apart.
2. Anise seed will germinate more rapidly if sown near coriander. It has been
shown that the presence of coriander improves the actual seed formation of
the anise plant.
3. This spindly plant needs protection from winds and plenty of sunshine to
promote healthy growth. Its fragile, tender seedlings do not transplant well.
Add fertilizer only if the soil is extremely poor, and add lime if the pH is very
acidic. Water regularly in hot, dry weather, preferably in late afternoon or
evening to avoid scorching the plant.
4. After the flower umbels have become heavy with ripe brown seeds, cut the
heads off before they drop. Place them in a single layer on a paper towel or
plate in a dry place. If possible, expose to direct sunlight to allow the seeds to
completely dry out. When the seeds are crisp and dry, rub between palms to
separate the seed from the hull, sieve to remove seeds from the husks, and
store in airtight containers.

Local Name: Daun sup

English Name: Parsley
Family Name: Apiaceae
Scientific Name: Petroselinum hortense
Uses:
1. Parsley is widely used in Middle Eastern, European, and American cooking
2. Curly leaf parsley is often used as a garnish

15

3. Green parsley is often used as a garnish on potato dishes (boiled or mashed

potatoes), on rice dishes , on fish, fried chicken, lamb or goose, steaks, meat
or vegetable stews (like beef bourguignon, goulash or chicken paprik)
Method Of Use: Usually people use their leaf only in their dishes
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature:
1. It grows as a biennial; in the first year, it forms a rosette of tripinnate leaves
1025 cm long with numerous 13 cm leaflets, and a taproot used as a food
store.
2. The seeds are ovoid 23mm long, with prominent style remnants at the apex
3. The plant normally dies after seed maturation
Method Of Propagation: It grow by stem cutting method.
Care and Management:
1. The best time when to plant parsley seeds is to sow them indoors about six
weeks beforehand
2. When planting parsley, simply sprinkle seeds on top of the soil and mist well
with water.
3. It should begin harvesting parsley once the leaves start to curl.
4. For optimal flavor, pick parsley early in the day (morning hours) when the
plants oil is strongest

Local Name: Pokok Kucai

English Name:Chives
Family Name: Amaryllidaceae
Scientific Name: Allium schoenoprasum
Uses: It is used for culinary purposes as flavoring herb, and provide a somewhat
milder flavour
16

Method Of Use: Cop their leaf and pour into cooking dishes.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Features:
1. The chive is a bulb-forming herbaceous perennial plant, growing to 3050 cm
tall
2. The bulbs are slender conical, 23 cm long and 1 cm broad, and grow in
dense clusters from the roots.
3. Its stem are hollow and tubular, up to 50 cm long, and 23 mm in diameter,
with a soft texture, although, prior to the emergence of a flower, they may
appear stiffer than usual.
Method Of Propagation: It grow by stem cutting method.
Care and Management:
1. Select a sunny site for optimum growth of chives although they can grow well
in light shade.
2. Fertilize moderately with a balanced fertilizer once or twice a season before
mid-August.
3. Do not allow the chive plants to dry out; water once a week during hot
weather.
4. Check chives for thrips on the leaves, thrips cause the leaves to distort. If the
chives get thrips, threat them by releasing predatory mites.
5. Look for pale yellow to light-green spots on the chive leaves, which is a sign
of downy mildew. If find these light spots, remove the affected leaves.
6. Harvest the chives frequently by cutting them with a sharp pair of scissors,
but do not harvest all leaves at once
7. Use a shovel to dig up and divide chives in the spring or early fall to
rejuvinate plant and to get more chive plants.
8. Winterize chives by mulching them lightly.

17

BEAUTY HERB

Local Name: Lidah Buaya

Family Name: Xanthorrhoeaceae
Scientific Name: Aloe Vera
Uses:
1. It is promoted as a moisturizer for facial cream or cleanser
2. It also anti-irritant to reduce chafing of the nose of users suffering hay-fever
or cold
3. Besides, soothing the skin, it also keeping the skin moist to help avoid flaky
scalp and skin in harsh and dry weather.
Method Of Use: Choose and extract the good quality of Aloe vera, then collecting
their juice after doing some process by industry.
Habitat:
1. This species has been widely cultivated throughout the world.

18

2. It also enables this species to survive in areas of low natural rainfall, making
it ideal for rockeries and other low-water use gardens
Special Feature:
1. Aloe vera is a very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 60100 cm (24
39 in) tall, spreading by offsets.
2. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties
showing white flecks on the upper and lower stem surfaces.
3. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth.
Method Of Propagation: It is grow by stem cutting
Care And Management:
1. It is only need to water this plant once every 2 weeks.
2. If the plant begins to outgrow its pot, like it probably will, simply transplant
sections and place it in another pot with dirt.
3. Aloe vera plants need bright light for its growth, but harsh sunlight can
sometimes damage the leaves.

Local Name: Daun Pegaga

English Name: Pennywort Plant
Family Name: Mackinlayaceae
Scientific Name: Centella asiatica
Uses:
1. Centella asiatica has been used traditionally in the management of skin
disorders.

19

2. The extract has also been included in anti-aging creams and other topical
formulations useful in retarding free radical mediated degenerative changes
in the skin.
3. The extracts is good in superior anti-ageing cosmetics and in nurturing
creams for sensitive and dry skin.
4. Further applications are in the treatment of stretch marks and cellulitis.
5. Cosmetic action of Centella is always toning, emollient, purifying.
Method Of Use: Cop their leaf and pour into beauty purpose. It also can eat just like
that.
Habitat: It is grows along ditches and in low wet areas

Special Feature:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Small trailing herb.

Stems slender, prostrate, rooting at the joins.
Leaves alternate or tufted at each node.
Orbicular, round or kidney-shaped, obviously crenate.
Inflorescence in single umbel.
Bearing 1-5 small flowers in white or reddish colour also without stalks
Fruit very small and compressed.

Method Of Propagation:
1. Simply cut off any length of plant at the leaf joint.
2. The cutting will use its pre-established roots to take hold in just a few days.
Care and Management:
1. Temperature of the plant must be in between 64-79 F or 18-26 C
2. The pH of the soil must be 5 to 9
3. Select a sunny site for optimum growth of this plant although they can grow
well in light shade.
4. Watery this plant twice a week at least in hot weather.

20

Local Name: Pokok Inai

English Name: Henna Trees
Family Name: Lythraceae
Scientific Name: Lawsonia inermis

Uses:
1. Henna is cooling and specific for devitalized, fragile, fine hair. This ancient
plant has a wonderful conditioning and smoothing effect on the hair. This is
an excellent hair conditioner and tonic.
2. Largely used as a hair dye when mixed with other natural dyes. It is dried and
crushed into a fine powder that is then mixed with oils and natural
ingredients and applied to the skin.
Special Tips:
1. For an herbal hair bleach blend henna with orange, lemon and cucumber
juice and apply to hair. Always make sure the pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.0
Method Of Use: Cop their leaf and pour into beauty purpose.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Special Feature:
1. A branched deciduous shrub with 4-gonous lateral branches often ending in
spines
2. The leaves are simple, opposite, entire, petioles very short or absent
3. The flowers are white, or rose-colored and fragrant.
4. The fruits globe capsules, tipped with the style and supported by the
persistent calyx, seeds numerous, smooth, pyramidal.
21

Method Of Propagation: It grow by stem cutting method.

Care and Management:
1. It does not thrive where minimum temperatures are below 11 C.
2. Temperatures below 5 C will kill the henna plant.
3. Watery the plant twice a week in hot weather.

Local Name:Kulit Kayu Manis

English Name: Cinnamon Plant
Family Name: Cinnamomum
Scientific Name: Cinnamomum burmannii
Uses:
1. It is important in the cosmetic and perfumery industries.
2. It is strongly stimulating to the skin and warms the body.
3. Cinnamon bark is a natural astringent known to suspend excess oil on oily
skin or scalp
Method Of Use: It can be used on cosmetic either its bark or its powder.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area
Special Feature:
22

1. A moderate sized evergreen tree, 8-18 m in height and 50 cm in diameter

with reddish brown soft bark
2. Its having numerous small warts, leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, shiny above,
3-5 ribbed from a little above the base.
3. The side ribs ending about three- fourths up, the base usually rounded.
4. The flowers small in axillary or sub-terminal cymes or panicles.
5. The fruits ovoid berry, dark purple in colour having persistent perianth.
Method Of Propagation:
1. Cinnamon is harvested by growing the tree for two years then coppicing it.
The next year, about a dozen shoots will form from the roots.
Care and Management:
1. Water cinnamon plant deeply every seven to 10 days, allow the soil to dry
before watering again. Check containerized cinnamon basil plants daily
during hot weather, and water the plant whenever the soil feels dry to the
touch.
2. Spread 2 to 3 inches of mulch around the plants to retain moisture and deter
weeds. Use an organic mulch such as dry grass clippings, chopped leaves,
straw or compost.
3. Feed cinnamon plant every eight to 10 weeks in the spring and summer. Use
a granular fertilizer with a ratio such as 5-10-5. Apply a light application of
the fertilizer according to the rate suggestions listed on the fertilizer package.
Feed containerized cinnamon plant every three to four weeks, using a liquid
fertilizer diluted to half strength.
4. Snip cinnamon plant for use in the kitchen any time after the stems have at
least four leaves. Trimming the plant will ensure bushy growth.

Local Name: Pokok Daun Selasih

23

English Name:Basil Plant

Family Name: Lamiaceae
Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum
Uses:
1. Basil is widely used in cosmetics, perfumes, shampoos and soaps. Formulated
to restore luster, body and flexibility to limp and non-manageable hair.
2. It also helpful in helping irritated skin feel better.
3. Basil herbal plant good in bath mixtures and for bringing luster to the hair.
Method Of Use: Cop their leaf and pour into beauty purpose
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area
Method Of Propagation: It grow by stem cutting method.
Special Feature:
1. An erect much branched softly undershrub, 30-60cm high with red or purple
branches,
2. The leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute, entire, serrate,
or dentate, scent on both sides, minutely gland dotted, petioles slender
3. It has hairy, flowers, purplish in elongate racemes in close whorls, stamens
exerted, upper pair with a small bearded appendage at the base,
4. The fruits is smooth, not mucilaginous when wetted.
Care and Management:
1. Keep your basil plant in a sunny spot in your garden. Move it inside to a
sunny windowsill when the temperature gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Water regularly, but do not allow the soil to remain saturated. Repot or
transplant if the soil is not well-draining
3. Fertilize 1 to 2 times a month with a liquid plant fertilizer. Any well-balanced
fertilizer will do, but avoid those designed to increase blooming.
4. Trim often by pinching center leaves. This will not only give you a tasty
addition to your recipes, but it will also help your plant to stay productive
longer.
5. Remove any flower stalks. Once basil starts to bloom it will put all of its
energy into flowering instead of growing leaves.
6. Remove aphids with insecticidal soap, manually or with a blast of water.

24

SPIRITUAL HERB

Local Name: Limau Purut

English Name: Lime
Family Name: Rutaceae
Scientific Name: Citrus aurantifolia
Uses:
1. In Islamic way, it is a substance which is one effort to cure diseases caused
by disorders of Jinns and black magic.
Method of Use: Usually use the fruit and its juice for the medication purpose.
Habitat: It can easily to be found at the low land area.
Method of Propagation: It is grow by stem cutting.
Special Feature:
25

1. It is a globe fruit, 2.55 cm in diameter, that is yellow when ripe but usually
picked green commercially.
2. It is smaller, seedier, has a higher acidity, a stronger aroma.
Care and Management:
1. Select an appropriate location for your lime tree in an area that gets at least
6 hours of full sun, with deep, rich, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 8.0.
2. Remove any lawn grass in a circle 3 to 5 feet in diameter around the planting
site. Dig the planting hole 1 1/2 times wider around than the root ball, and
about as deep.
3. Place the lime tree in the hole, making sure it is centered and straight.
Backfill halfway, then water enough to wet the backfill and settle it around
the roots. Finish filling and tamp the soil.
4. Construct a watering ring--or circle of soil 6 inches high and 8 inches thick-with a width slightly wider than that of the planting hole. Fill the ring with
water, and fill in any soil around the root system that may have shifted
5. Water your new lime tree thoroughly three times the first week, and twice a
week for the next few weeks thereafter, depending on rainfall. After that, let
soil dry to an inch down before watering, and fill in the ring with water. In 4 to
6 months, the ring will dissolve and your lime tree will be established.
6. Fertilize the lime tree with granular fertilizer when it begins its new growth
the following spring, and every month thereafter through October. Use one
cup of 8 to 3 percent nitrogen the first year, 2 cups the second year, and 4
cups the fourth year. Scatter the fertilizer on the ground at least a foot from
the trunk, and water well.
7. Mulch the grass-free area around your lime tree, making sure to keep mulch
at least a foot from the trunk of the tree. Use a pre-emergent herbicide in the
spring to keep weeds from germinating in this area.

Local Name:Pokok Sintok

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Other Name: Beluru

Family Name: Leguminosae
Scientific Name: Entada Spiralis
Uses:
1.Akar Sintok help to speed up matchmaking knot barrier, opening the dark until the
light flashes of light will attract the opposite sex. But it is all up to Almighty.
2.Give energy to women who had premature cycle.
Method Of Use: Boiled the root and drink the boiled water
Habitat: : Easily to find at the lowland forest and forest edge
Special Feature: It is a woody climbing plant stem.
Method of Propagation: It is grow by seed.

Local Name: Pokok Gaharu

Other Name: Karas, Engkaras, agar wood, aquilaria, krasna, agaloca,aloeswood,
eaglewood, jinkoh
Scientific Name: Aquilaria malaccensis
Family Name: Thymelaeaceae
Uses: In Islamic way, people tend to make gaharu as a fragrance for died people

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Method Of Use: Boiled the gaharu wood, then make used the boiled water for
spiritual purpose
Habitat: The plants that grow in tropical rain forests, especially in the lowlands up to
the area up to 270 meters height above sea level
Special Feature:
1. It has 40m height
2. The diameter of the stem tree is 60m
3. It can survive in all soil types except the marsh and water.

Local Name: Pokok Mambu

English Name: Margosa Trees
Other Name: Semambu,bambu,laksamana,neem
Scientific Name: Azadirachta Indica
Family Name: Meliaceae
Uses:
1. This tree is popular for the people of India and used in prayer. It is also known
by the name of god mother sakhti or india.
2. Indian society also believes the leaf can be used to drive the ghost, that is
why most Indian homes have this.
3. This crops are widely used in india people folk rituals
Habitat: Usually this plant grow at the shade place ,and always found aside of the
road side
Method of Use: People usually used the leaf for spiritual purpose.
Special Feature:
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1. When the plant reach the matured stated it can reach a height of 3 to 5
meters.
2. This plant requires enough sunlight to grow.
Method of Propagation: It is grow by stem cutting and seedling
Care and Management:
1. Water the margosa plant during the warmer months, allowing the surface of
the soil to dry out between watering. Apply enough water to thoroughly
moisten the soil and allow all excess water to drain away
2. Apply a high phosphorous fertilizer such as bone meal when the plant starts
to flower.

Local Name: Rosemary

Family Name: Labiatae
Scientific Name: Rosemarinus officinalis
Uses:
1. For Christian they believed that rosemary leaves placed under the pillow
during sleep to prevent them from being harassed by evil spirits.
Habitat:
1. The rosemary can not be exposed directly to sunlight.
2. Plant a rather dreary place and make sure the water is sufficient. If any part
of the plant which has been dry, make sure the dry twigs pruned to
encourage growth of new shoots
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Method Of use: People use the leaf for spiritual purpose.

Special Feature:
1. It is a small shrubs with needle-shaped leaves like the leaves of the pine.
2. Rosemary with bluish purple flowers in four seasons and it will bloom over the
spring and summer.
Method Of propagation: It is grow by stem cutting method.

Care and Management:

1. Select a container for rosemary tree that has holes for drainage and is at
least 1 to 2 inches larger in diameter than the pot it came in.
2. Put a few handfuls of potting soil into the new container. Remove rosemary
tree from its original pot, if necessary, and place it in the pot you have
selected. Fill the container with potting soil. Pat the surface of the soil with
your hands to ensure it is firmly packed.
3. Place the pot in a sunny location. Only put the pot outdoors if you are sure
temperatures will not dip below 40 degrees F. Otherwise, keep in a bright,
well-ventilated room
4. Water rosemary tree only when the soil feels dry. Overwatering is a common
mistake, and will cause leaves to turn brown.
5. Remove any dried-out or dead branches as necessary.

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Summary and Conclusion

After im finish up all my herb writing up individual assignment, I can made

conclusion that, my knowledge about herb plant going better. The knowledge about
the specific name of the each plant, their family plant name, belong to what
kingdom and their other name according to different races and nation. I also know
about their habitat, where they can found, and last but not least their uses to
human being.. Examples, Misai Kucing plant normally known as plant that can very
helpful in order to against serious disease. Example, high blood pressure , diabetes,
stone pain, and good for urine process. Meanwhile, Henna trees, is well known for
beauty purpose. Henna is cooling and specific for devitalized, fragile, fine hair. This
ancient plant has a wonderful conditioning and smoothing effect on the hair. This is
an excellent hair conditioner and tonic. From this examples, we can see that,
different plant have different benefit to human.
Im also can get knowledge about plant special feature and their method of
propagation. Some plant grow by cutting stem, but the others maybe grow by seed
or just live in open space. From this, we can made conclude that, if we do not study
and made research of this plant, we cannot manage to identify and know about
their details better. Our old folks already used them in ancient time, thats mean
their benefit to human is not doubt anymore.
Besides that, by this research I manage to know herb plant with proper care and
management. The sources from internet and books helps me a lot to understand
their care tips besides our lectures note. Different herb plant have different
approach to care them.
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References
(Internet Source)

http://www.herbs2000.com/h_menu/1_cooking.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb

www.ehow.com/how_2094503_use-herbs-natural-beauty.htm

http://www.ehow.com/list_6952054_herbs-spiritual-cleansing.html
nspiredathome.com/herbanliving/herbs_spices/spiritual_qualities.htm
http://www.herbpalace.com/alternative-medicine/herbal-medicine.html
http://www.gardenguides.com/104351-herbal-plant-identification.html
http://malaysia-herbs-pharmacy.blogspot.com/
http://www.vitaminsdiary.com/herbs/cinnamon.htm
http://www.ns.gov.my/jabatan/hutan
http://www.forestry.gov.index.my/melaka/index.html
www.melur.com
http://www.ehow.com

(Magazines)

Risalah Taman Botanikal Melaka, Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka

Agrobitz ,Edisi Sabtu 26 November 2011

(Books)

HANITA HASSAN 2007, Buku Taman Botanikal Melaka, Perbandaran Hang

Tuah, Melaka

32

MOHD AFENDI HUSSIN, ADNAN MOHAMMAD, AZAHARI MOHD YUSOFF,

AHMAD AZARUDIN MOHD NOOR,AHMAD NAZARUDIN MOHD ROSELI 2006,
Tumbuhan Hiasan Untul Landskap, Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysis
(FRIM) Selangor.
BOO CHIH MIN, KARTINI OMAR HOR,OU YANG CHOW 2006, Second Edition,
1001 Garden in Plant in Singapore, National Park, Singapore.

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