Intro to Animals

Sponges and Cnidarians

What is an animal?
• All animals are :
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________(depend on other living things in the environment for food.)
- Up to 97% are _________________
- Each phylum has its own _____________.

Adaptations
• What is an adaptation?
- These are ________________ (must get from parents)
• One of the most necessary needs of animals is _____________. Therefore, many adaptations
relate to this.
• Seven diets of animals:
- herbivore-
- carnivore-
- omnivore-
- Detritivore – feeds on __________________ material.
- Filter feeders – aquatic animals that ___________________
- Parasite – lives in or on ______________ (harmful)

• Many animals also must ___________________. Many adaptations have developed around
this need.
Examples?_____________________________________________________________________
• At the same time, many animals ________________________ to surprise them. Adaptations
have developed around this need too.
Examples?_____________________________________________________________________

Animal Classification
• Animals are first grouped according to if they have a ______________(vertebrate) or not
(invertebrate).
• Vertebrate animals are then further grouped _____________________: asymmetry, radial or
bilateral.
• Asymmetry = ______________ (corals, sponges)
• Radial = ___________________ (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)
• Bilateral = has a ________________________ (humans, insects, cats, etc)

• Cephalization – an anterior ______________________ organs (to have a head)

– The more ______________ the animals become, the more pronounced their
cephalization.
• Anterior – _______________________
• Posterior – ____________________
• Dorsal – _____________________
• Ventral – ____________________
Segmentation – ‘advanced’ animals have ___________________, and specialization of tissue
(even humans are segmented, look at ribs and spine)
Sponges
• The ______________- animals are sponges. Are they multicellular? _________
- Most live in the ocean.
- Important as a _______________ for some snails, sea stars, and fish.
- Some have radial symmetry, others are asymmetrical.
- Sponges are ______________ organisms.
sessile - _______________________________________________________________________
- Sponges obtain their food by drawing in water and filtering the bacteria, algae, and protists
out of the water. (they do not have tissue layers – meaning there is no stomach or digestive
track)
- Most sponges are hermaphroditic.
Hermaphrodites -________________________________________________________________

Cnidarians
• Includes corals, sea anemones, hydras, jellyfish, and Portuguese man-of-war.
• Most live in _______________________
• Cnidarians have two different body forms: a polyp form and a medusa form.
Polyp - ________________________________________________________________________
Medusa - ______________________________________________________________________

• Cnidarians have a more complex body than sponges.

- They have tissues that form a ______________________, and also have a network of
______________ (which means they can respond and move!).
- Have tentacles with stinging cells.
- All cnidarians are ___________________________ with the stinging cells and bring prey to
the mouth with tentacles.
- Cnidarians reproduce both asexually and sexually.