Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT3 - BSuresh
UNIT3 - BSuresh
UNIT3 - BSuresh
06ME54
Structure
Definitions
Types of Friction
Laws of friction
Friction in Pivot and Collar Bearings
Belt Drives
Flat Belt Drives
Ratio of Belt Tensions
Centrifugal Tension
Power Transmitted
INTRODUCTION
When a body moves or tends to move on another body, a force appears
between the surfaces. This force is called force of friction and it acts opposite
to the direction of motion. The force arises from the fact that the surfaces, though
planed and made smooth, have ridges and depressions that interlock and the
relative movement is resisted (Fig. 3.1). Thus, the force of friction on a body is
parallel to the sliding surfaces and acts in a direction opposite to that of the
sliding body (Fig. 3.2). The magnitude of this force depends on the roughness of
surfaces
(a) Solid Friction: When the two surfaces have a sliding motion relative to each
other, it is called a solid friction.
(b) Rolling Friction:
Fig. 3.3
From Fig. 3.3, Block of weight W placed on horizontal surface. Forces acting on
block are its weight and reaction of surface N.
Fig. 3.4
From Fig. 3.4, Small horizontal force P applied to block. For block to remain
stationary, in equilibrium, a horizontal component F of the surface reaction is
required. F is a static-friction force.
As P increases, the static-friction force F increases as well until it reaches a
maximum value Fm.
FM = S N
Fig. 3.5
Further increase in P causes the block to begin to move as F drops to a
smaller kinetic-friction force Fk.
FK = K N
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
Let a body of weight W rest on a smooth and dry plane surface. Under the
circumstances, the plane surface also exerts a reaction force Rn on the body
which is normal to the plane surface. If the plane surface considered is
horizontal, Rn would be equal and opposite to W (Fig. 3.6(a)).
Fig 3.6
Let a small horizontal force F be applied to the body to move it on the surface
(Fig. 3.6(b)). So long the body is unable to move, the equilibrium of the body
provides,
Rn = W
and
F = F'
Where F' is the horizontal force resisting the motion of the body. As the force F is
increased, the resistive force F' also increases accordingly. F' and Rn, the friction
and the normal reaction forces can also be combined into a single reaction force
R inclined at an angle to the normal. Thus
=
=
At a moment, when the force F would just move the body, the value of F' or R sin
(equal to F) is called the static force of friction. Angle attains the value and
the body is in equilibrium under the action of three forces (Fig. 3.6(c))
F, in the horizontal direction
W, in the vertical downward direction, and
R, at an angle with the normal (inclined towards the force of friction).
According to the first law of friction,
F' Rn
=
Rn
=
tan =
tan =
The angle is known as the limiting angle of friction, or simply the angle of
friction.
Now, if the body moves over the plane surface, it is observed that the friction
force will be slightly less than the static friction force. As long as the body moves
with a uniform velocity, the force F required for the motion of the body will be
equal to the force of friction on the body. However, if the velocity is to increase,
additional force will be needed to accelerate the body. "Thus, while the body is in
motion, it can be written that
tan =
=
tan =
Motion impending,
(Px = Fm)
Motion
(Pv >Fm)
tan =
=
tan =
Approximate values of static coefficient of friction for dry (un-lubricated) and greasy
lubricated surfaces are given in Table 1:
Materials
Dry
Greasy
0.42
0.029 - 0.108
0.57
0.09-0.19
0.24
0.09-0.116
Wood On Metal
0.2-0.6
Metal On Stone
0.3-0.7
Metal On Leather
0.3-0.6
Wood On Leather
0.2-0.5
0.3-0.34
0.065-0.070
Rubber On Ice
0.05-0.2
kept in correct axial position if bearing surfaces are provided. The bearing
surfaces which are flat or conical carry the axial thrust. The bearing surfaces
placed at the end of a shaft are known as pivots.
The pivot may have a flat surface or a conical surface or truncated conical
surface as shown in
Fig 3.8 (a), (b) and (c) respectively.
Fig. 3.8
The bearing surfaces provided at any position along the shaft (but nut at the end
ol the shaft), to carry the axial thrust, is known as collar. The surface of the collar
may be flat (normal to the axis of shaft) or of conical shape as shown in Fig. 3.9
(a) and (b) respectively. The collar bearings are also known as thrust bearing.
Fig. 3.9
For a new bearing, the contact between the shaft and bearing may be good over
the whole surface. This means that the pressure over the rubbing surfaces may
be assumed as uniformly distributed. But when the bearing becomes old, all
parts of the rubbing surfaces will not move with the same velocity and hence the
wear will be different at different radii. The pressure distribution will not be
uniform. The rate of wear of surfaces depends upon the pressure and the
rubbing velocities between the surfaces.
The design of bearings is based on the following assumptions though neither of
them is strictly true :
(1) thc pressure is uniformly distributed over the bearing surfaces, and
(2) the wear is uniform over thr bearing surface.
The power lost, due to friction in pivot and collar bearings, are calculated on the
above two assumptions.
Flat Pivot
The bearing surface placed at the end of the shaft is known as pivot. if the
surface is flat as shown in Fig.3.10, then the bearing surface is called tlat pivot or
foot-step. There will be friction along the surface of contact between the shaft
and bearing. The power lost can be obtained by calculating the torque.
Let
W = Axial load, or load transmitted to the bearing surface,
R = Radius of pivot,
= Co-efficient of friction,
p = Intensity of pressure in N/m2 , and
T = Total frictional torque.
Consider a circular ring of radius r and thickness dr as shown
in Fig.3.10.
Fig 3.10
P=
!" "#!$
,-
. (1)
Now let us find the load transmitted to the ring and also frictional torque on the
ring.
Load transmitted to the ring
= Pressure on the ring x Area of ring
= p x 2rdr
Frictional force* on the ring
=X load on ring
=xpx 2rdr
Frictional torque on the ring = Friction force x Radius of ring.
T = /5 2123 4 3
= 212 /5 3 4 3
89
: 5
= 1 x x
:
=
power lost in friction = T x
=Tx
=
4@A
B5
4,CD
4
:
,-
W R
x :
( =
( from (1), p =
4@A
B5
,-
B5
For the uniform wear of the bearing surface, the load transmitted to the varioius,
Circular rings should be same (or should be constant). But load transmitted to
any circular ring is equal to the product of pressure and area of the ring. hence
for uniform wear. the product of pressure and area of ring should be constant.
Area of the ring is directly proportional to the radius of the ring. Hence for uniform
wear, the product of pressure and radius should be constant or p x r constant.
Hence for uniform wear, we have
P x r = constant
p=
E
%
( say C)
(1)
= x 2rdr
( from (1), p =
= 2C dr
E
%
. (2)
= /5 2C dr = 2C /5 dr = 2C JrK5
= 2CR
2CR = W
C=
MNO
..(3)
T = /5 dT
= /5 2C 33
= 2C /0 3 3
%-
= 2C 7 ; = 2C
4 5
= 2
-
L -
MNO 4
( from (3), C =
MNO
T= xWR
4
MNST
UV
Problem1. Find the power lost in friction assuming (1) uniform pressure and (ii)
uniform wear when a vertical shaft of 100 mm diameter rotating at 150 r.p.m.
rests on a flat end foot step bearing. The coefficient of friction is equal to 0.05
and shaft carries a vertical load of 15 kN.
Sol. Given Diameter,D = 100mm = 0.1m R =0.1/2 = 0.05m
T=
4
:
W R
MNST
UV
4 @ RW5 4W
B5
= 392.7 W
Ans.
T= xWR
4
MNST
UV
4 @ X RW5 X RY.[W
B5
= 294.5 W
Ans.
Conical Pivot
The bearing surface placed at the end of a shaft
and having a conical surface, is known as conical pivot
as shown in Fig. 3.11(a).
Let W = Axial load, or load transmitted to the bearing
surface
= Coeffic ient of friction
R = Radius of shaft
= Semi-angle of the cone
p = Pressure intensity normal to the cone surface.
Consider a circular ring of radius r and thickness dr.
\8
_`
) ]
= 2r x ) ]
Now we will consider two Cases namely
(1) Case Of uniform pressure
(2) Case of uniform wear.
\8
= ) ]
= p x 2r x ) ]
Vertical component of the above load
= 7p x 2r x
sin
; x sin d
= p x 2r x dr
= /5 p x 2r x dr
= p x 2 /5 r dr
%-
= p x 2 7 4 ; = p x 2
5
4
= p x R4
W = p x R4
Also
p=
NOM
. (1)
.(2)
The above equation shows that pressure intensity is independent of the angle of
the cone.
Now the frictional force on the ring along the conical surface
= x loan on ring normal to conical surface
fg
= x 7p x 2r x
hij k
= x 7p x 2r x
;xr
hij k
Total moment of the frictional force about the shaft axis or total frictional torque
on the conical surface is obtained be integrating the above equation from 0 to R.
Total frictional torque
T = /5 x 7p x 2r x
=
=
=
4, l m
) n
4, l
) n
= x
:
; x r
hij k
/5 r 4 dr
4, l m %9
7 ; =
) n
fg
: 5
NOM
4, l m
) n
9
9
( from (2), p =
l+
) n
MNST
UV
Pxr=C
( say C )
NOM
Or
p=
q
8
= /5 p x 2r x dr
E
( p =
= /5 x 2r x dr
%
q
8
= 2 x C /5 3 = 2 x C J3K5
=2xCxR
But total vertical load transmitted to the bearing is also equal to W
W=2xCxR
Or
C=
4@
dT = x p x 2r hij sx r
t
(p =
fg
= x x 2r hij sx r
u
= 2C x r x
= 2
vu
hij s
r x
4@
r
( C =
vu
hij s
4@
T = /5 w = /5 2
= 2
4@
21
r x
1
sin
vu
hij s
x /0 r dr
= 2
R
= x
4
21
sin
R2
x
2
l+
) n
MNST
UV
Total vertical load transmitted to the bearing is Atained from equation in which
the limits of integration arc from r2 to r1.
Total vertical load transmitted to the bearing
8{
= y 2 213 3
8-
8{
= 2 21 y 3 3
8-
32 31
= 2 21 | } 3 = 2 21 |
2 2
31 2 32 2
}
2
31 2 32 2
} = 2 1J31 2 32 2 K
= 2 21 |
2
2=
8{
1J3R 4 34 4 K
w = y 21 3
8-
3
3
212 31 2
y 3 3
32
212 3 : 31
| }
=
3 32
=
21
3R : 34 :
|
} . . 3 2 =
4
4
4
1(3R 34 )
3
1(3R 34 4 )
w =
2
33 332
12
3
d 31 322
8{
= y 2 213 3
8-
8{
=y
8-
8{
213 3
3
3 =
31
= 21 J3R 34 K
32
= 21 J3R 34 K
=
21J3R 34 K
The total frictional torque for unifrom wear is obtained by integrating the eqution
r2 to r1.
w = y 21 3
8-
3
\8
=/8 { 21
3
4@(8R84)
) ]
-
= 4@(8R84)
8R
21
1
w=
y 3 3
21(31 32)
84
1 3 4 31
=
| }
(31 32)
2 32
1
(31 + 32)
2 sin
Problem 2 A conical pivot with angle of cone as 120o, supports a vertical shaft of
diametr 300 mm. it is subjected to a load of 20 KN. The coefficient of friction is
0.05 and the speed of shaft is 210 r.p.m. calculate the power lost in friction
assuming (14) uniform pressure and (2) uniform wear.
Sol. Given:
2 = 120o
= 60o ;
D = 300 mm = 0.3 m
W = 20 KN = 20 x 103 N ;
R = .15 m ;
= 0.05 ;
N = 210 r.p.m.
(1) Power lost in friction for uniform pressure
The frictional torque is givem by the eqution as
4
T = x
:
4
:
r
)
= 115.53
23 =
=
4 4R5 RRW.W:
B5
2w
60
T=
4
4
r
)
) B5
= 86.60 Nm
23 =
=
4 X 4R5 X YB.B
B5
2w
60
= 0.05
P=
Or
Or
(%-{ %-- )
350 x 103 =
4W R59
(4)%-- %--
J(2)r44 r44 K =
4W
X :W5
= 0.02273
3r22 = 0.02273
Or
r2 =
Or
5.544[:
= 0.087 m
r1 = 2 r2 = 2 x 0.087 = 0.174 m
To find the power absorbed in friction, first calculate the total frictional torque
when pressure is uniform.
Frictional torque when pressure is uniform is given by equation as
4
T = X
:
r
)
= x
:
5.5W 4W R59
) B5
5.R[9 5.5Y[9
5.R[- 5.5Y[-
5.55W4BY5.555BWYW
= 962.278
5.5:54[5.55[WB
5.55B5W
= 962.278
5.544[
= 195.37 Nm
power absorbed in friction,
P=
4 A
B5
4 RY5 RW.:[
B5
= 3682.6 = . UMU L. jh
Flat collar
The bearing surface provided at any position along the shaft (but not at the end
of the shaft), to carry axial thrust is known as collar which may be flat or conical.
If the surface is flat, then bearing surface is known as flat collar as shown in
fig.3.13 the collar bearings are also known as thrust bearings, the power lost in
friction can be obtained by calculating the torque.
Let
Fig 3.13
3
= 33 3 3
= 2 213 3(1)
3
3
3
= 2 213 3
3
3
3
w =
3
3
= ( 2 213 3) 3
= 2213 4 3
w 3
3
8{
w = y w
8-
= /8 { 2213 4 3(2)
-
(1)Uniform pressure
2 =
= y
3
8-
8{
= y 2 213 3
8-
8{
= 2 21 y 3 3
8-
3 4 3R
34 4 3R 4
} = 12J34 4 3R 4 K
= 212 | } 3 = 212 |
2 4
2
2=
1(3R 34 4 )
4
w = y 2123 4 3
8-
8{
= 212 y 3 4 3
8-
3 : 3R
= 212 | } 3
3 4
3R : 34 :
}
= 212 |
3
3R : 34 :
}
= 21
|
1(3R 4 34 4 )
3
w=
2
3R: 34:
4
3
3R 344
23
3
, 2 =
21w
60
(2)uniform wear
2 3 =
2=
3
8{
= y
3
= y 2 2133
8-
8-
8{
= y 2 2133
8-
= y
8{
8-
2133
3
8{
= 21 y 3
8-
3R
= 21 J3K3 = 21(3R 34 )
4
. (3)
21(3R 34 )
w = y 2123 4 3
8-
8{
= 21 y 23 4 3
8-
= 21 y
8{
8{
8-
4
3 3
3
8{
= 21 y 33 = 21 y 33
8-
8-
3 4 3R
= 21 | } 3
2 4
34 4 3R 4
}
= 21 |
2
34 4 3R 4
}
= 21
|
21(3R 34 )
2
=
(3 + 34 )
2 R
23
3
, 2 =
21w
60
Problem 4 In a collar thrust bearing the external and internal radii are 250 mm
and 150 mm respectively. The total axial load is 50 KN and shaft is rotating at
150 rpm. The coefficient of friction is equal to 0.05. Find the power lost in friction
assuming uniform pressure.
Sol. Given
External radius,
r1 = 250 mm = 0.25 m
Internal radius,
r2 = 150 mm = 0.15 m
W = 50 KN = 50 x 103 N
Speed,
N = 150 rpm.
Coefficient of friction,
= 0.05
2
3R: 34:
4
3
3R 344
2
0.25: 0.15:
:
= 0.05 50 10
3
0.254 0.154
= 510.42
23
3
,
23
3
, 2 =
=
21w
60
21 150 510.42
= 8.0176.
60
Multi-collars
If the axial load on bearing is too great then the bearing pressure on the collar
will be more then the limiting bearing pressure which is approximately equal to
400KN/m2 Hence to reduce the intensity of pressure on collar, Two or more
collars are used (or multi collars used ) as shown in fig 3.14.
Fig 3.14
w
23
3
3 3 3
3
=
1(3R4 344 )
w = 4
3
3R 344
Problem 5 In a thrust bearing the external and internal radii of the contact
surfaces are 210 mm and 160 mm respectively.The total axial load is 60 KN and
coefficient of friction = 0.05. The shaft is rotating at 380 rpm. Intensity of pressure
is not to exceed 350 KN/ m2.
Calculate:
1.Power lost in overcoming the friction and
2.Number of collars required for the thrust bearing.
Sol. Given:
External radius,
r1 = 210 mm = 0.21 m
Internal radius,
r2 = 160 mm = 0.16 m
W = 60 KN = 60 x 103 N.
Coefficient of friction,
= 0.05
Speed,
N = 380 rpm.
3R: 34:
2
4
3
3R 344
2
0.21: 0.16:
0.05 60 10:
3
0.214 0.164
= 558.378
23
3
, 2 =
21w
60
21 380 558.378
= 22.2198.
60
3 3, =
23 3
Now load per collar for uniform pressure is obtained from equation
2=
1(3R4 344 )
3 23 3
= 2 1(3R4 344 )
3 3, =
=
23 3
60 10:
=
= 2.95 = 3 3
20341.8
Belt Drives
Introduction
Usually, power is transmitted from one shaft to another by means of belts, ropes,
chains and gears, the salient features of which are as follows:
1. Belts, ropes and chains are used where the distance between the shafts is
large. For small distances, gears are preferred.
2. Belts, ropes and chains are flexible type of connectors, i.e., they are bent
easily.
3. The flexibility of belts and ropes is due to the property of their materials
whereas chains have a number of small rigid elements having relative motion
between the two elements.
4 Belts and ropes transmit power due to friction between them and the pulleys. If
the power transmitted exceeds the force of friction, the belt or rope slips over the
pulley.
5 Belts and ropes are strained during motion as tensions are developed in them.
6. Owing to slipping and straining action, belts and ropes are not positive type of
drives, i.e. their velocity ratios are not constant. On the other hand, chains and
gears have constant velocity ratios.
BELT DRIVES
To transmit power from one shaft to another, pulleys are mounted on the two
shafts. The pulleys are then connected by an endless belt passing over the
pulleys. The connecting belt is kept in tension so that motion of one pulley is
transferred to the other without slip. The speed of the driven shaft can be varied
by varying the diameters of the two pulleys.
Fig 3.15
For an un-stretched belt mounted on the pulleys, the outer and the inner faces
become in tension and compression respectively (Fig. 3.15). In between there is
a neutral section which has no tension or compression. Usually, this is
considered at half the thickness of the belt. The effective radius of rotation of a
pulley is obtained by adding half the belt thickness to the radius of the pulley.
Fig 3.16
Fig 3.17
A crossed-belt drive can transmit more power than an open-belt drive as the angle of
wrap is more. However, the belt has to bend in two different planes and it wears out
more.
VELOCITY RATIO
Velocity ratio is the ratio of speed of the driven pulley to that of the driving pulley.
Let N1 = rotational speed of the driving pulley
N2 = rotational speed of the driven pulley
D1 =diameter of the driving pulley
D2 =diameter of the driven pulley
t = thickness of the belt
Neglecting any slip between the belt and the pulleys and also considering the
belt to be inelastic,
Speed of belt on driving pulley = speed of belt on driven pulley
DR + 2 R = 4 + 2 4
2
2
Or
VR =
A-
A{
SLIP
The effect of slip is to decrease the speed of belt on the driving shaft and to
decrease the speed of the driven shaft.
Let R = Angular velocity of the driving pulley
4 = Angular velocity of the driven pulley
1 +
R55{
1 +
;
2
R55
1 +
1001
1002
;
2
100
100
7R
Or
1 +
;
2
1 +
100
100
; 100 1 100 2
2
(R55{ )(R55- )
R55R55
R55
= 7R
R55
1 +
;
2
R55
R55
R55
R55
Or
Or
Or
S = S1 + S2 -0.01S1 S2
CA{
R55
R55
Also it is to be remembered that slip will first occur on the pulley with smaller
angle of lap i.e. on the smaller pulley.
Example
A shaft runs at 800 rpm and drives another shaft at 150 rpm through belt drive.
The diameter of the driving pulley is 600 mm. Determine the diameter of the
driven pulley in the following cases:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Solution:
N1 =80 rpm
D1 =600 mm
N2 =150 rpm
i.
C4
ii.
C4
iii.
C4
CR
CR
CR
or
or
R55
=
=
R55
RW5
Y5
RW5
B55
B55W
Y5 =
Or
- W
RW5
or
D2 = 320 mm
Or
D2 = 317.7mm
B55W
Y5 =
R55
R55
D2 = 304.8mm
{
C4
iv.
CR
R55
R55
Where S = S1 + S2 -0.01S1 S2
= 2 + 2 0.01 x 2 x 2
= 3.96
150
600 + 5 100 3.96
=
80
4 + 5
100
D2 = 304.9 mm
R = normal (radial) reaction between the element length of belt and the
pulley
T= Tension on slack side of the element
T= increase in tension on tight side than that on slack side
Fig. 3.18
( w + T)cos
= 0
As is small,
cos
1
2
R + T T T = 0 or T = R (i)
R- T sin
As is small, sin
R T
- ( w + T) sin
=0
D
4
=0
(ii)
or
=
log
Or
= /5
{
=
Or
=
It is to be noted that the above relation is valid only when the belt is on the point
of slipping on the pulleys.
POWER TRANSMITTED
Let T1 = tension on the tight side
T2 = tension on the slack side
v= linear velocity of the belt
p= power transmitted
Then,
= .
Fig 3.19
While in motion, as a belt passes over a pulley, the centrifugal effect due to its
own weight tends to lift the belt from the pulley. Owing to symmetry, the
centrifugal force produces equal tensions on the two sides of the belt, i.e. on the
tight sides and the slack sides.
Consider a short element of belt (fig 3.19)
Let m = mass per unit length of belt
Tc = centrifugal tension on tight and slack sides of element
= m 4
(i)
Also,
Fc = 2 Tc sin
As is small,
Sin
Fc = 2 T c
= Tc
(ii)
Tc = m 4
Thus centrifugal tension is independent of the tight and slack side tensions and
depends only on the velocity of the belt over the pulley.
Also,
Centrifugal stress in the belt =
=
D(
]
{
-
= =k, a constant
Or T2 =
T1
DR
) = T1 (1 - )
D4
Power,
= =
P = ( T - T2' )v = ( T-
Or
D
T2' =
R
) v = T (1 - )
k=1-
D4
DR
)v=
(1 -
)v=
kv
= constant
P = (T Tc ) k v
= k T v k m v2 v
= k T v - k m v3
The maximum tension T in the belt should not exceed the permissible limit.
Hence treating T as constant and differentiating the power with respect to v and
equating the same equal to zero.
\
\
= k T 3 k m v 2 = 0
Or
T = 3 m v2 = 3Tc
Or
Tc =
And
D
:
= T
:
:
d1= 60 cm,
Total slip
s = 4%.
N2 = 300r.p.m,
t = 5 mm = 0.5 cm
C4
CR
CR
\{
\-
d2 = C4 x d1 =
455
:55
x 60 = V . jh
C4
CR
\{
\4
(2 + ) = (R + ) x
Or
= (60 + 0.5) x
455
R4R
d2 = 60.5 x
- 0.5 =
:55
= 60.5 x
CR
C4
- 0.5
C4
CR
\{
1 R55
\4
:55
455
B55.W
$-
1 R55
5.W
455
:55
= 38.72
d1 = 1m
N1 = 200 r.p.m
d2 =2.5 m
f1 = 1.44 N/mm2
f2 = 0.49 N/mm2
E = 100 N/mm2
Youngs modulus,
Let N2 = speed of driven pulley.
C4
CR
N2
Or
\{
455
\-
x7
2
1
R55 5.
;
4.W R55R.
N2 =
455
4.W
R55.[
4.W R5R.R4
100.7
=
101.12
79.67 rpm
\{
\-
N2 =
\{
\-
d1 =120 cm = 1.20 m
r1 =
R45
4
= 60 cm = 0.6 m
d2 = 50 cm = 0.50 m
r2 = 25 cm = 0.25 m
x=4m
Max. Tension,
T1 = 1855.3 n
Coefficient of friction,
= 0.3
N1 = 200 r.p.m
${ C{
B5
R.4 455
B5
= 12.56 m/s
Let us now calculate the angle of contact (). For an open belt drive angle of
contact is given by equation (7.11) as
= 180 2
(1)
sin d =
8{ 8X
5.B5.4W
= 0.0875
RB5
=
RYW.W:
Or
D-
T2 =
RYWW.:
4.:W
({ - )
R555
= 761.8 N
(RYWW.:[BR.Y) R4.WB
R555
(2) Torque on each of the two shafts. Torque exerted on the driving shaft is given
by equation (.
Torque = (T1 T2) X r1
= (1855.3 761.8) x 0.6 = 656.1 Nm. Ans.
Torque exerted on the driven shaft is given by equation
Torque
= (T1 T2) X r2
= (1855.3 761.8) x 0.25 = 273.4 Nm.
Ans.
Density of belt,
f = 250 N/cm2
b = 20 cm
Thickness of belt,
Ratio of tensions,
t = 1.2 cm
D{
D-
= 2.0
Let us first find the mass of 1 m length of the belt and also the maximum tension
in the belt.
Let
R555
R
x (b x t x 100)
Using equation,
Tm = maximum tension
= (max. stress) x Area of cross- section of belt
= 250 x b x t = 250 x 20 x 1.2 = 6000 N.
Now for maximum power transmitted, the velocity of the belt is given by equation
as
v=
B555
: 4.
({ - )
(1)
R555
Tm = T1 + Tc
(2)
Tc = w
:
Tm = T1 + w
:
Or
But
T1 = w w = w = x 6000 = 4000 N
D{
D-
T2 =
= 2.0
D{
4
(given)
555
4
= 2000 N
(5554555) 4Y.YB
R555