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Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome
nf the
Pnhiersttg of (Eoronta
by
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ROME
In
Vol.
I.
Two Volumes
The Rome of
the Ancients
ru-
ROME
By
IN
TWO VOLUMES
Vol.
I.
ILLUSTRATED
xC51^x
ml
Wm7
527987
a
I0.5I
London
Brimley Johnson
&
MDCCCCV
nee,
Limited
COLONIAL PRESS
Electrotyped and Printed by C.
Boston,
H. Simonds &>
U.S.A.
Co.
Preface
much has been written of Rome
SOwould
seem presumptuous
add another
that
it
to
Rome
within the
something not as
fol-
into
Preface
if
is
really desirable,
just
better
still, if
all,
as his strength
It is partly to assist
Roman
city
Acknowledgment
is
made
to
the
distin-
relating
to
Roman
archaeology;
also to Professors
C.
helpful suggestions
made during
the revision
of the manuscript.
W.
Chicago, June
i,
1904.
T. F.
Contents
Preface
I.
II.
MARTIUS
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
....
Villa Borghese
VIII.
.212
List
of Illustrations
Volume
I.
PAGE
Frontispiece
The Arch of Titus
The Campagna, Showing the Claudian
Aqueduct
5
General View from the Pincian Hill
13
The Fountain of Moses, on the Pincian
Map
The
The
The
The
Hill
of Rome
23
facing
Mausoleum of Hadrian
Tower of the Monkey
Column of Marcus Aurelius
Pantheon
28
33
39
....
43
49
Statue of Pasquino
The Farnese Palace
The Temple of Mater Matuta
Santa Maria in Cosmedin
57
61
The Tiber
Map of Ancient Rome
The Pyramid of Gaius
Ostian Gate
83
73
....
facing
vii
77
Cestius,
92
and the
95
List of Illustrations
viii
PAGE
....
99
105
109
....
.
The
The
The
The
The
of Titus
Arch of Constantine
139
-145
Forum, from Santa Francesca Romana 149
.
Basilica of Constantine
Basilica >Emilia
" Black Stone," and the
Arch of
Sep-
timius Severus
153
157
165
(A Restoration by Professor
E. Becchetti)
175
183
The
The
The
The
....
....
187
193
205
209
213
221
227
231
237
243
List of Illustrations
ix
PAGB
249
255
261
269
Rome
CHAPTER
I.
ROME
"
plan
tourist,
who,
in haste to get
crowd
The former
is
the
at
days, and
is
When
asked for
details,
the
calla,
ican
among the antiquities of the VatMuseum, but is quite sure that he saw it,
or
is
Rome
He
it.
He
cabmen,
he
falls into
He does
not attempt to reach back to the original impression, for that has long vanished.
enough
is
Rome
far
more
satisfactory,
what he receives
to
spend a morning where the guide-book demands a half-hour, and to take time to idle.
One
to
assimilate
Thus appropriated,
it
weaves a
Rome
is
tions.
At
gling
of
it
it
spell
about him,
sight
it
incongruous
modern
by squalid tenements,
statues of Christian saints mounted on pagan
columns. But a closer study reveals a historic
stately palaces
jostled
The Approach
to
Rome
all,
The
surface
Next
life
of a
modern cap-
still,
a stratum of imperial
with
carried hither
Rome
all
ancient world.
the
that
monuments of
the Republic,
the founda-
the
interesting
Rome
4
Then comes
ruins.
of the wall of
Romulus on
are
We
all there.
associations,
as possible,
When
its
They
the Palatine.
one becomes
sufficiently
acquainted
that, aside
which
life,
It
was
in the twilight of
early
May
way
carriage,
an afternoon in
that, incarcerated in
we
jolted
an Italian
rail-
Rome.
The
train
The Approach
to
Rome
was designated on the time-card as the accelwhich to the Italian means " fast," but
to the American means very slow indeed.
There was ample opportunity to view the landcrato,
scape.
Long stretches of green, broken here
and there by masses of volcanic rock, marshes
whence the wild fowl flew up and away as we
waning
light,
all
this
was
but
visible,
is
who
The
water-supply to the
Roman
city.
it
away
carried the
These frag-
Rome
Roman
ruin.
The
desolate
Campagna adds
We
dreaming of the
past.
rattle on,
takes
flask
in
his
against the
men
us,
assail us,
the dusk,
rolls
into
Roma," an army
Eternal City.
our train
and we
CHAPTER
II.
OUR
and
morning
first
beautiful.
Rome dawns
in
bright
glints
almost
foliage.
lost in
Spanish Stairs,
city.
gling
It is a
we
look
down upon
panorama of
roof-gardens,
the
modern
iron
balconies,
clothes
indented
all
side,
and tower-
Rome
io
superb outlines of
Peter's.
St.
your
is,
You
"
good morning to
many
of them.
You
Who
brown
top of
it
reflectively
She
and rubs the
Then she
smiles coquettishly,
says,
"
you again,
holds out a flower, and
looks
Good morning,
up
sir."
at
You now
per-
to this
purpose
You
Campus Martius
you
in a body.
and affording
ers-by,
times.
most
Rome
\1
Rome, beyond
the Capitoline, had been destroyed, and the
central power transferred from emperors to
popes,
from the Palatine to the Vatican,
came
In ancient times
all
this
dawm
Here,
When
the
from the
city
gates,
sickle,
down
tyrant, they
it
into the
fire,
Campus Martius
Roman
ate,
plough
left his
call
15
of the Sen-
the yEquians.
Under
became the
Roman
athletic
field
Campus Martius
of
Rome.
run and
Here
wrestle,
Here, too,
the citizens
in
particularly appropriate
of the Republic,
when
title in
political bosses
drove
bought with
a price,
manner of
somewhat
after the
city
elections
century.
On
Campus
villas.
Collis
It
Hortulorum,
the
The
name
it
Rome
He was
ridates.
Lucullus
ridiculous.
a strange compound
soldier
a commander in his
what seemed
like
that
under
Sulla,
own name, he
to be a great career,
At
a comic opera.
and
later
entered upon
and ended
it
life,
man
in
Rome.
Cicero and
Here, in his
Pompey with
villa,
he feasted
ilexes,
left this
Asiaticus,
who
atrocious
Messalina,
held
it
world of
feast-
hands of Valerius
wife
of
the
Emperor
to
Campus Martius
17
and the
villa
be-
away
Claudius
in Ostia
and Messalina
re~
is
it
rest,
for,
an instructive commentary on
those times
"
He
The emperor
had
anointed,
still
and
lain
down
he had bathed,
to
supper;
and,
despatched
cheer, he had
message to the poor
come
Rome
command
'
;
'
Such,' he said,
and
his
'
Under the direction of the freedman Euodus, the armed men sought the outhesitation.
nought remains
but to look for a decent exit from it.'
Suddenly the doors were burst open, the tribune and his swordsmen appeared before her,
and Euodus assailed her, dumb-stricken as she
lay, with contumelious and brutal reproaches.
'
'
is
over
Roused
at
last
to
weapon from
it
Still
tremshe
Campus Martius
19
Tradition has
it
that this
its
Church of Santa
adjoining convent
it
is
doubtful whether at
Rome
ao
all
We
north,
it
would be regarded
remarkable.
now
stroll
nothing in
for
Rome
is
laid
out
Some
Hill.
prefer this
pleasure are
all
abroad,
but
it
is
quite as
Then the
in the early morning.
crowds are not here, but the flowers and the
fountains are; the dew lies on the grass, and
the city which unfolds itself below looks fresh
an illusion which, alas will soon
and clean,
be dispelled as we go down into its narrow
attractive
streets.
We
Medici
estate, greatly
and gave
Galileo
it
the
name by which
it is still
known.
Campus Martius
trial
21
for upsetting
the universe.
history
it,
Roman
property
remains.
we may
If
it is
Wednesday or a Saturday,
away from
the
hill,
beautiful
Villa
Tivoli
and
the
Sabine Hills.
If
we may
stroll
farther,
not
visit
the garden,
we may
Here is a public
lie just to the north.
where the aristocracy of the city come
to drive and loiter, and with them also the
which
park,
people.
Let us
now emperor.
Rome
is
in the
second
Antoninus
at the height of
is
her
power, and
n
in
Rome
the
bay.
Roman
is
to the days
when
one of the
later
War, whilst
name commanded
made
trial
of Verres,
when
his
Having
attained high
Campus Martius 25
fallen,
one of the
first
Man
and patrician blood, whose name we find recorded upon the ancient monuments of the
church. The proof is a vault in the Catacombs
of Priscilla, and a stone inscribed with the
names of his son and daughter. As to his villa
here on the Pincian, fragments of the walls of
reservoirs may still be seen, and under the
casino in the Pincian Gardens is a great double
cistern, which marked the centre of the Acilian
Palace, and in which now the gardeners keep
their tools.
But the splendour and the stress
This fountain,
which a marble Pharaoh's daughter is finding the little Moses, has displaced the ancient
Nymphaeum of Acilius. Its symbolism, though
unconscious,
is
none the
less significant.
The
old
him.
Here
in the Pincian
Rome
i6
down
tical space,
ellip-
its
cen-
tre,
carriages
contadini,
and market-carts.
and look
city,
many
Roman emperors
of the
Sun
This
to be
found
first
of the
When
at Heliopolis.
Octavius had
Antony and
and
set
mus.
Cleopatra, he brought
Rome
it
It
civilizations.
names of
Seti
stood for
it
Egyptian sky.
beneath
within
its
Circus
it
it,
saw the
Israelites passed
in
chariot-races,
new
the
Roman
heard
this time
But
went
the other pomps and shows
sect called Christians.
down with
all
the
down upon
Campus Marthas 27
thousand years elapsed,
was
it
reset
where
the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo now
stands, was once the tomb of Nero.
Over it
grew a great walnut-tree, and in its branches
multitudes of crows were wont to caw and
chatter, unmindful of the travellers who passed
In the
in and out through the gate below.
closing days of the eleventh century, Pope
Paschal the Second had a dream, which told
him that these evil-omened birds were demons,
waiting upon the detested spirit of the Roman
emperor, who came out at night and wandered
on the Pincian, attended by the unclean brood.
To lay Nero's uneasy ghost, the Pope tore
down the remnants of the tomb, scattered his
ashes, and built upon the spot a church to the
Blessed Virgin, with money collected from the
There, at the northern gate of the
common
people,
city,
of the
Rome
28
to the piazza
But the
well.
still
wanders here,
if
and why
departed ?
The Piazza
del Popolo, as I
have
said, stands
From
The Via
cian,
the
hill,
delle
Quattro
Fontane over the Quirinal, Viminal, and Esquiline Hills, past Santa Maria Maggiore, and
into the
new
is
built
MODERN
Points mentionedN
are in red.
^Q
Campus Martius 29
it
is
tomb of Sulla.
Let us shut our eyes to the modern shop
windows, where are displayed suits from Lonsupposed, upon the
site
of the
agine ourselves
Christian era,
ian
Way, with
the
in
when
first
this street
century of the
The Campus
was first a grain-field and next a trainingground for the Roman soldier. Later, under
the Empire, it became a playground for the
people.
There were gardens surrounded by
said,
and temples
fields,
to the gods,
supposed to be as fond as
men
and race-
who were
of the sports
Rome
the gilded
left,
left
dome
behind.
tribes,
mile in length,
wooden
Ad-
Then came
of many a
official
lounging-place.
and
chariot-race
the scene
gladiatorial fight,
it
oteers,
the Greens.
cellus,
Blues,
the
Then came
the Theatres of
Rome;
the porticoes of
Campus Martius 31
of the Tramontana;
Neptune, of
Isis
the Temples of
whom
and
these
lastly,
the
We
site
a gigantic
mound
It
visit
the
was once
crowned
dered
it,
against the
became a
it
and
in
167,
all
of
it
that
lar walls
last
Rome
32
vini
Now
the ruin
is
and used as a
roof,
circus,
monuments
Ripetta,
and
allows her
to suffer.
Via
example
typical
Rome
noble
triumphs.
early
their
find ourselves
It is
muddy
The
who
elder
would seem
to have gained
Romans,
its
waters,
in the
little
way
One
Coleridge's
"
little
The River
skit
Rhine,
is
reminded of
it is
well
known,
To
on a new
blue
face.
Roman
mellow,
The
buildings,
it
it
takes
sky above
time-stained
Seen thus,
it,
walls
of
the
opposite
Campus Martius 35
The Tiber
graced with
of Rome.
all
has,
silken awnings,
fields.
Blocks
of
distressingly
modern
Rome
houses
in
are
not see
there
if
we
Returning
now
to the
we
we
proceed until
prisoners languished in
the sculptor,
its
dungeons.
Cellini,
Rome
36
papal presence.
Emmanuel's soldiers
found it a most excellent barrack, and enjoyed
it, perhaps, quite as much as ever Hadrian did.
here,
Its
and
name,
at last Victor
St.
in the pontificate of
that,
during the
came
in
response to
prayer,
citadel,
short walk
now
we may
itself is
closely.
is
The
now
We may
en-
corri-
Campus Martius 37
who
and poor
sisters,
also of
rela-
We
shall
beyond
was Nero's
and gardens,
circus,
now
in
one of which
riverside, con-
Rome, a
resort
Leaving
we
we
shall
of Ecclesiastical
when
Rome,
way
up quite grandly on a
left.
It is called
the
little
Tower
Rome
38
if
vow
to
the child
however,
lies
not in the
on our
left,
a work of Bernini,
now
Chamber of Deputies of
ment.
we soon
It is built
see,
Monte
rising
Citorio,
occupied by the
upon the
site
of the Temple
_.
Psammetik the
First,
Campus Martlus 41
more than six hundred
The characters upon it
little
this
shaft,
centuries ago,
already
upon
that
it
told the
Then
it
it
stood
there,
For
inlaid
bronze, mark-
was time
it,
were
dial
gilt
sun, falling
loitered there
meet
their ap-
at least eight
possibly
longer.
Second.
Julius
As
Rome
4-1
patched together as
set
up here
Monte
in
Citorio.
which
and
is
later.
We
staircase,
if
may
we
ascend
wish,
it
copy of
close
shall visit
by an
but this
interior
climbing
is
The
the
idea of
Gentiles
column seems a
trifle
incongruous, but
it
is
Campus Martius 45
that
we
and
lies,
which
name is perpetuated
monuments of Rome. It
it
in
other mediaeval
is
simply " the Square of the Column," referring,
The Colonna
name from
on
their
among
It is
little
town
now
Piazza Colonna,
est cafe,
we
where we lunch
in
mod-
an open doorway,
of a tray of gingerbread cows, which he insists, in a very loud tone of voice, are " buona,
eccellente, squisita."
As
when we
arise
neither
Rome
46
eye can reach.
Rome
is
response,
After
a back
world,
examined
his
because
of
it
Roman
it
illustrates
business
is
repeat the
a peculiar characteristic
life.
Campus Martius 47
the
century
first
before
Christ,
when
god of the
sea,
experiences of
a temple which,
fire
after varied
is
purpose, serving
made
now
to
it
restored.
answer a useful
as the
Roman Cham-
ber of Commerce.
We
street,
come out
served of
all
the
monuments of
we
into
are face
Rome,
Rome
48
the
Pantheon.
tributed to Agrippa,
to
at-
that
in
the
it
great
erected
it
of Agrippa's.
Its
name
among
It
who
Hadrian,
builder,
an older structure
its dedicathe gods " (jrdv
indicates
all
much
discussion
called the
archaeologists,
probably
the
It
Santa
Duomo
was the
Sofia
at
first
Constantinople,
of
the
it
from across
Campus Martius
51
the
first,
so also
modern domes, a
with slate or
is
it
shell
tiles,
the greatest.
Not
like
its
an
experiment in
that
it
time,
and remains
and of consuming
intact to-day,
when almost
it
is
in ruins.
a history.
It is the
When
Rome,
at
it
of "
occasion of adding a
new
festival, "
All Saints'
Rome
52
Roman
Catholic
Church.
with gilded
Within,
tiles.
plates of bronze,
its
was
it
ceiled
with
of varied colours.
Beautiful
caryatids sup-
the
sunlight
which
all
this
streamed
But
decoration.
it
down
has been
One
of the
St. Peter's,
almost
relics
of the
Campus Martius
relics,
loss of these
53
and other
of
the
old
magnificence
the
in
is
making more
with
trappings, proud of
present,
noble
its
in
past,
rags,
superior to
but
noble
its
still.
Emmanuel,
the late
They
sleep well,
If
The
and do
thought
satisfaction
Rome
54
in
greed of men.
peculiar to the
we have
seen,
of Hadrian.
We
it
in the
little
in the
Tomb
Way, and
to the build-
Behind the Pantheon are certain ruins, supposed to have belonged to the Baths of
Agrippa. A large vaulted hall is shown, probably the frigidarium, containing niches and the
remains of a beautiful
frieze.
Ciambella,
baths
is
Fragments of
Via dell' Arco
as yet so conjectural,
ramble
investigate them.
it is
The same
is
true of certain
Campus Martius 55
Tem-
of the obelisk
represents
symbolic
is
the
work of
reclining about a
Bernini,
and
mass of rock
of the world,"
the
Nile,
Modern geogra-
make
more or
less
was
is
The
Nile,
it
will
to shut out,
He
is
Rome
56
Danube
Agnes
is laid
down a
little
lane at
its
southern extrem-
the
corner of the
Braschi
Palace.
statue of
at
the
of
foot
the
Capitol,
was made
to
STATUE OF PASQUINO
Campus Martius 59
News
of
impious).
When
and
robbed
treasures,
the
cities
Marforio
French were
all
of
asked
robbers.
their
one
Italy,
choicest
art
day
the
if
Pasquino's statue
Rome
Go
part of
is
is
pun
Not
tutti,
all,
but a good
ma buona parte")
not bad.
We
now
Senate
House,
houses stands
the
in the vestibule of
one
which stood
at
in
fell,
now
visible,
The
The Spada
palace itself
Campus Martius 63
away
is
much
may
to
we are forced
was made of the mate-
rial.
ing,
The
palace
is
may
enter
its
its
best
We
corri-
dors, but as
time,
is
carefully guarded
We
tourists.
its
we have
its
travertine
already passed
the Cenci.
Rome
64
This shabby
relic
of departed grandeur
is
painted the
though
trice Cenci,"
it
appropriate
title
the master.
we have
to
Campus Martius 65
and
We
tensely dramatic.
their story
shall
is
in-
speak of a few
Papal Rome.
We
are
now on
was once
Roman
city
and shunned, but patiently displaying second-hand bargains and plying their
ings, despised
trade.
pitiful
The
history of this
Made
enough.
emperors and
still
Hebrew colony
is
more
penned up
like
women
the
a yellow
men a
veil,
yellow
forbidden
hat,
the
all
inter-
all
trades
Rome
66
articles,
is
now
past.
it
a thing of the
became such a
hotbed of disease and contagion that the government determined to destroy it. At present
much of it is a ruinous waste which will some
day,
if
formed
it
was
It is
come
and picturesque
There
is still,
find before us
we
shall
This
Campus Martius 67
and
all
sorts
ples,
its
libraries,
colonnades,
its
curia,
its
its
Over us
tem-
its
seventy-five
its
Cupid of
and the
tains
rious
hum
Do you
thrown into the
talk
and
idle here.
jets
air
through a hundred
now
little
The
Portico of Octavia
is
only history.
its dirt.
its
an-
Mean
Rome
68
head
cian, its
in the sky,
Caesar
Julius
and
designed
its feet in
it,
the mire.
Augustus carried
name
cellus.
It
included
the
beasts
deserts.
furnished
It
During
and a for-
the Middle
Ages
it
became a
castle
little
and
idea
of
debris.
their
We
magnificent
proportions
little
until
a river or a hose
Campus Martius 69
flpon them,
pressive
ruin,
be a festa,
many
feste in
year, but
and
fail
it is
Rome
almost impossible to
of seeing one.
is
the
in
will carry
full
his
of onions, but
back to his
little
farm
in
a package of flour
This
upon
it,
which he
as
Yonder
to
last
named luxury
costs
it
for Giuseppe.
some
fifteen
ging
in
his
boy of
The contadine gossip over their fruitand the men talk together about the
Rome
7<3
drew
week
last
in the
lottery.
Here on
piazza at a
writer,
little
and beside
and
The
hear her.
letter is to
Many
is
it
to this old
a secret
is
possibility over-
man
dropped into
tells.
would be ruined
customers would go
and that
his
he
He knows
if
he did,
to another
be
it
said,
who
and
stately buildings,
the
Theatre of Mar-
Campus Martius
71
it
has about
it
Its
CHAPTER
III.
AFTER
rolls,
which you have probably by this time accustomed yourself, and upon which you can now
do a half-day's sightseeing, we return to the
Piazza Montanara which we left last night
to
We
will
now
it
approaches
Rome, which
lined
Ostian Gate.
is
so variously
72
named and
Along
the Tiber
and
its circle
75
With
its
of nineteen creamy
mellowed by as many
centuries, it has become a favourite study for
artists, and you will find in the Roman shop
Corinthian
columns,
it
as
It
Servius.
Before
this
Roman
public square,
Rome
y6
Spagna
in the
Navona and
the
Farnese,
wherever one goes there is the
sound of running water and the glad vision
of mounds and columns of spray catching and
reflecting the sunlight in a thousand rainbow
horned
cattle,
statuesque
their water-jars,
ragged
Roman
women
girls,
street urchins,
may
with
cooing
Occasionally in
see a
crowd of
little
round
SANTA MARIA
IN
COSMEDIN
79
Cosmedin,
the dictator,
Proserpina, in the
fifth
century
b.
c,
when
It is
his
war
If
we
wish,
we may
see
in the
ancient
Rome and
offices
of
of the Prefect of
the
many
of the old
modern
building.
Within the portico of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is the curious Bocca della Verita,
Mouth of Truth,
which has given the modern name to the piazza and the street that leads
to it.
It is a grotesque mask, probably first
hand while
testifying.
If they
should
Rome
80
by a
hair's breadth
and
it is
their
function.
names,
we
see
little
what
and pass-
is left
designated
of another temple,
according to
the
also
variously
taste
Fortuna Virilis.
round temple,
Christ.
is
as the
Temple of
little
any other
Rome, and probably dates from the
temple in
reign
It
known
of Servius Tullius,
The
building
material
stone,
is
was used
ing purposes.
was injured by
fire,
restored,
so-called
House of
It
Rienzi, or
House of
Pilate.
It is
Along
the Tiber
81
probably
tory,
Crescenzi family.
that
is all
now
remains.
Below
is
the
modern
Standing upon
this
Plutarch
us that the floating sheaves lodged here
upon the shallows, accumulated sediment, and
tells
finally
The
story
island
is
islet.
Rome
82
some
iconoclast
it is
was
the
of
idea
semblance
seized with
of
stone
great
ship,
into
the
with
an
island
a temple
nection ^Esculapius
is
was
erected,
or
the
is
if
you
What
con-
ship,
to ^Esculapius.
erect-
may
still
be
Rotto
down-stream, toward
structure
pins,
Along
indeed
the Tiber
85
it
"...
beam,
And, like a dam, the mighty wreck
Lay right athwart the stream
And
As
Was
we
get of the
little
it
may
be called.
is
may
We
shall
Macaulay
" Horatius."
"
Rome
86
it
Forum.
the river,
we must
streets
ex-
back from
interesting antique
One
tality.
work attempting
am
tired
let
{Omnia
and the
We
ancient police-station,
its
chapel,
we
name
with
its
court of this
fountain and
As
we
itself
streets distant.
87
Investigation proves
it
to
arcade,
for
the
tradesmen
The
associa-
Rome
88
We are
tine Hill,
now
Rome.
was three and a half stadia, or somewhat
more than three-eighths of a mile in length,
A
and about four hundred feet in width.
legend says that Tarquin laid out the course
and surrounded it with seats, but, however that
may
until the
it
its full
glory
was enclosed
we now
stand.
of the guards?
charioteers?
on the helmets
Along
the Tiber
89
Now
ahead!
Now
the White!
point!
ageable,
roll
Wheels
Can you
Ah, that
is
is
see
them
the crucial
down
crash, a cry,
and
is
clash, horses
charioteer
the Blue
down
Where now
filled it?
On
amid
make
indeed.
Maximus and
its site is
a gas-
man
leisurely
After all, he is doing a more useand certainly a far less dangerous, work
rusty hoe.
ful,
90
Rome
visit
of
river in flatboats.
the
the
This we know
comes the Via Marmorata.
was one of the centres of the marble trade.
where were received the building stone and
Along
the Tiber
came from
known world
of
91
all
quar-
Then
nobles.
there
synonym
for the
mart of
trade.
vation
in height,
elefeet
the Monte
or " moun composed of fragments of
Testaccio,
tain of pottery,"
terra-cotta covered
loosely with
soil.
wine,
oil,
accumulated
Shipments of
and even grain were made in the
olden time in terra-cotta jars (amphora), some
of which were of great size. The porters of
those days were not more careful than their
modern
and
happened that
The harbour
regulations required that the fragments should
not be thrown into the river, but into an en-
many
counterparts,
it
closure
made
this crockery
Rome
92
and expressmen.
It is
conceived to be an ex-
and you
will find it honeycombed with wine-cellars and
osterie, where the Romans come to drink and
cellent place for the storage of wine,
gossip of an afternoon.
The
the
cliffs,
Where
it
crossed the
Temple
of Jupiter Capitolinus.
ANCIENT
ROME
Temple
Temple
Portico
WALLofROMULUS
Gods.
SERVIAN WALL
AURELIAN WALL
Temple
of Concord.
of Vespasian.
of the Twelve
of Saturn.
Basilica Julia.
of Castor
Temple
and
Pollux.
House
of the Vestals.
Arch of Titus.
Arch of Constantine.
Temple of Venus and
Rome.
Basilica of Constantine.
of the Sacred
City.
Temple of Antoninus and
Temple
Faustina.
Basilica ^Emilia.
Senate House.
Tullianum (Career).
Arch
of
Septimius
Se-
verus.
Forum Julium.
Forum of Augustus.
Forum Transitorium.
House of Tiberius.
House of Caligula.
House of Germanicus.
House of Domitian.
House of Gelotius (Pae-
dagogium
House of Augustus.
).
Stadium.
House
of Septimius Severus.
Palatine Forum.
Gardens of Adonis
P*W%fc
%fe
i.
Temple
2.
of Jupiter Capitolinus.
ANCIENT
3.
4.
Tabularium.
ROME
5.
6.
Rostra.
Temple
Temple
of Concord.
of Vespasian.
8. Portico
of the Twelve
7.
Gods.
Temple
of Saturn.
Basilica Julia.
11. Temple of Castor
9.
10.
and
Pollux.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Temple
Rome.
Basilica of Constantine.
of the Sacred
City.
18. Temple of Antoninus and
16.
17.
Temple
19.
Basilica /Emilia.
20.
Senate House.
21.
Tullianum (Career).
Arch of Septimius Se-
Faustina.
22.
verus.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Forum Julium.
Forum of Augustus.
Forum Transitorium.
House of Tiberius.
House of Caligula.
House of Germanicus.
House of Domitian.
House of Gelotius (Paedagogium).
of Augustus.
House
Stadium.
House
of Septimius Scverus.
Forum.
Gardens of Adonis
34. Palatine
35.
was
93
upon an
During the prosperous days of the Republic and of
the early Empire the wall was overrun by buildings, and almost forgotten.
As the Roman
power declined, however, and inroads by the
barbarians became imminent, Aurelian, in the
it
raised
the city by a
it
necessary to protect
fortifi-
St.
Eight centuries
with
still
later,
another wall
Trastevere to the
We
are
now
us
to Ostia.
Let
The top
is
Rome
94
at intervals of about a
hundred
In each
feet.
We
elsewhere
notably
in
the
and
is
well worth a
Vigna
visit.
it
Casali,
may
at
be seen,
In some portions
corridors,
side,
and one
now
allowing
it
of the wealthy
Roman
nobles.
It is
constructed
Along
with a base of
less
the Tiber
97
than a hundred
feet,
it
we
probably
the time
stone.
Protestant
Cemetery,
graves of wanderers
land.
with
filled
who have
all nationalities,
and the
The
the
in-
inter-
own
lie
buried here.
request,
In deference
which he
Rome
98
dictated
during his
last
The whole
illness.
inscription reads
" This Grave
contains
all
that
was Mortal
of a
his
Death Bed
Power
of his
Heart
Enemies
Desired
these
Words
to be engraved
on
his
Tomb
Stone,
so
careless but
line
by
itself,
and
is
very
looking
101
" Nothing of
But doth
him
suffer a sea-change
quent this
little
The sun
city.
Perhaps
English designation of
it
not object,
let
memo-
you do
Rome
102
and
ground we
have traversed, along the Via Marmorata and
della Salara, through the cattle market, past
tian Gate,
when we saw them yesterday. Here, by your leave, we will take another
sacrilegious vehicle unknown to the Caesars,
seating our-
between a Franciscan brother and picturesque matron in a red shawl, will rattle over
selves
last
in the
American
hotels,
the
residents.
the
ubiquitous
When you
at
home
eign
as
city.
hospitable
Cook,
protector
of
tourists.
much
stair-
centuries
repose.
CHAPTER
IV.
feels an impulse
Forum. We have
restrained this feeling long enough to get a
general idea of the topography of the city and
to follow the course of the Tiber from the
to
go
straight to the
in
Rome
104
Palace, which
embark
in
left.
We
dis-
which
up to the Capitoline Hill.
A modern statue of Rienzi stands in a little
parkway on our left, not far from the spot
where the " last of the tribunes " fell,
but
farther up, on a balustrade at the top of the
hill, we see a row of antique sculptures which
make Rienzi's story seem like contemporary
history.
Those colossal figures of Castor and
lead
still
dawn
of legendary history,
five centuries
stairs lead us to
backward
into the
more than
era.
The
Piazza del Campidoglio, surrounded by Renaissance buildings and adorned in the centre with
a bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius.
The
life,
fitting
monument
to the imperial
The
Capitoline Hill
107
self.
He
Pity him.
thee.
Be
calm."
It
fearful sight
as a
by
hung
steed,
Pope.
which
happened to be
bronze of Aurelius.
The
what
is
Rome
io8
back."
It
Upon
the emi-
we
legend
tells
commandant
hill
was perpetuated
in
cliff
down
to their reward.
The guide-books
The
Capitoline Hill
Rock.
Byron visited
" Childe Harold "
it
and described
traitor's
it
it
in
is
it
in
leap
his
story
very doubt-
hill,
guide-books
A
it
name
erected here.
The first was a low and
heavy building, of pure Etruscan architecture, which, tradition says,
was designed by
H2
Rome
some
A legend
five centuries b. c.
when
were being
foundations
the
builders unearthed
tells
human
head,
us that
the
laid
where-
The name
Capitolinus (caput,
and
re-
built;
of stairs led to
up these
stairs
knees to do
lofty flight
and
homage
their
Rome.
viser,
in
Juno
which, on account of
its
the ad-
secure and
established.
opment
is
The
nj
Capitoline Hill
this
old
Roman
Facing
Hill
it
On the
rose to the height of
hill.
The
scarcely
traveller,
not enough
tectural
beauty
to the
now
the
Museum
of the Conservatori
right,
is
where
the approach to the citadel rose
upon our left,
now stands the dingy Church of Ara Cceli
and the Capitoline Museum; where the
Tabularium lifted its walls and arches
just before
us, is the
its offices,
Rome
ii4
first
century
b. c.
the superstructure of
They
designed by Michelangelo.
tions,
are
many
museums being
filled
with gems of
is
true,
their
us nearly
all
that
we know
who
taught
architectural design.
We
must step
into these
museums and
see
Marforio,
Pasquino;
lions
is
The
ne
Capitoline Hill
on the ground
we
fell.
rooms
At
we
enter a hall
we
shall refer to
art
as exemplified in the
ii.,
The
157).
Roman
galleries (vol.
so-called Antinoiis,
the head of
Faun with
tico,
discovered
Tivoli; in the
we
find the
the
in
room beyond,
Rome
16
taurs
wrought
we
farther on,
Emperors we pass
with busts and
statues, among the best of which are a beautiful youthful head of Marcus Aurelius, an
From
into
corridor
also
lined
playing on a
flute,
and an exceedingly
realistic
of intoxication.
rooms, the
first
described by Pliny
its
and
chief
The
was
Capitoline Hill
we owe
its
117
when
we
servators,
enter
and
now
tiques quite as
interesting
if
Con-
of an-
not as famous
During the
Middle Ages it was hollowed out and used
as a measure for corn. Here also is a restoraby Michelangelo of the historic Columna
Rostrata which stood in the Forum to commemorate the naval victories of Duilius.
Ascending a staircase lined with antique
tion
and reliefs,
some of them from
Arch of Marcus Aurelius, which was
destroyed by one of the mediaeval popes,
we
inscriptions
the
Rome
1 1
Roman
bale Carracci,
room are
scriptions
House of
lined the
the
High
Priest.
official
records
officers
from the
They
Rome, being to
" Marble Plan " is to
cient
the
is
restoration
when
now toward
is
rooms devoted
to the
by
supposed
its
central chamber.
we
enter
collection,
com-
In
Returning
it
the
new
Here
are
more
recently discovered
then two
The
Capitoline Hill
119
then a great
octagonal chamber containing the statues recently found in the Gardens of Maecenas on
to urns
of
bronzes
Wolf of
some
containing
the Capitol.
to be the figure
the
famous
and
room
Bronze
This is supposed by
which was set up by
b.
The infants
Romulus and Remus, who are deriving nourishment from the bronze animal, were added
in early modern times, and do not add at all
fication
is
very
questionable.
Rome
20
In the same
are several
if
you
filled
There
is
noth-
of
and we
Rome
better
works of nearly
all
the artists
here represented.
Let us
now
if
we
preconceived notions
how
if
we
it
would
look, only
The
in
of the three
121
Capitoline Hill
is
frieze
and ruined
there;
capi-
the
but a painted
Way
way
esting
to
at
sight to one
first
the
antiquary,
trace of sentiment.
who
but
disappointing
CHAPTER
V.
THE FORUM
Forum
THE
swampy
neighbouring
tribes.
semble).
upon one
side of this
the Cloaca
Maxima an
unruly
122
little
river
which
THE
IGHBOURHOOD
OF
THE FORUM
Modern
streets
and buildings
in-
The Forum
123
end,
and 120
feet in
We
will
make a
Forum, and
circuit of the
which surround
us.
Turning
the Capitoline,
we mount
first,
then,
toward
lifts its
The
last restoration
was proba-
bly
Rome
124
The
of a purer order.
less
almost
built here
when
five centuries
the Capitoline
and the
Roman
was
were doubt-
it
first
of them was
before Christ,
still
republic
and beyond
the Emperor,
Court of
the largest
along
its
surface.
This was
Caesar
Appeals
Younger
at
under
the
emperors.
Pliny
the
sat
and defence, and the great hall and galleries were scarcely able to contain the crowd
which thronged them.
tion
Beyond the
The Forum
125
to the Circus
Maximus.
street
himself,
was paved
who was
'
Rome
126
Corinthian columns
of ruined frieze
still
clinging to them.
was then
They
having been
commemorate
Romans
When
lus.
legend
tells us,
at the battle of
to
steeds
at
Forum,
the
When
And washed
fane.
like a blast,
Macaulay
"
The
Battle of
the
round Temple of
little
Vesta.
11
in
more."
Lake
Regillus."
The Forum
129
eth century a. d.
It
me
was greatly
money was being spent
incensed that so
little
down a number
We
the
Forum
emperors.
period
as
it
The Forum of
extended
about
two
the
republican
hundred
feet
nearly one-third
Forum was cut
of
off
where
Caesar's
Rome
130
of
it
Julia,
made
in imitation
At
this
days of republican
stalls,
Rome
in the
a line of booths or
was
us,
tells
The
guides go so far as
To where
in-
stall.
little
space aside
up with
Leaps down
to the great
blood.
Hard
had
And
down
gown.
then his eyes grew very dim, and his throat began
it
in his
to swell,
And
in a hoarse,
sweet child
"
'
Farewell,
of the Forum,
1
we
shall
Macaulay
" Virginia."
The Forum
rectangle
entire
131
First,
then,
beyond the
lay in ancient
and
its
Palatine,
Cloaca Maxima,
which by
made
its
its
presence
ling manner.
when
the
Romans were
Forum,
oracle
of a
Roman
his
Rome
132
since 1899,
intelligent direction of
still
being pur-
rec-
lies
marble.
the pool,
still
fed by
its
Be-
ever-living spring.
is
a small
acter.
Beyond
the well
we
two marble
architrave.
upon
which
rests
an
columns,
The most recent of the discoveries in this
neighbourhood is an opening in the pavement
shrine,
its
was the
sacrifices.
It is be-
altar dedicated to
Mar-
may have
been
fitted
up
at a later date
and
he leaped.
The new
The Forum
Forum have
135
Temple of
just across
Nova Via.
But we are already wandering up
the
the slope
Rome
136
walls
circulate,
for
Hadrian, by
Romans
the
whom
this
of the time of
house was
built,
used
and shiver
The
traveller
visit
Rome
who
d.,
sit
in their cheerless
until the
unfortunate enough to
is
in winter is
the persistent
way
in
and
is lost
in chilly ad-
sunshine.
tainly enjoyed
more
Roman
girls
of to-day.
Amid
of
most interesting
is
One
of the
name
some
The Forum
great offence.
137
monument
magistro
pro
Macrinio
Sossiano
Prudentius men-
its
beautiful
frag-
The
original
Temple of Vesta
is
supposed
Rome
138
to
have been
spot by
Numa
north of this
lished here,
it
around
it.
The
was
last
several times
temple was of
white marble,
beautiful.
once
upon our
Vesta.
til
left,
still
that time
by
artists,
it
into
and
stone was burned
St.
Peter's,
The Forum
sulares,
141
in the
Museum
of the Conservators.
we observe between
it
and the House of the Vestals a partly excavated space which was occupied by the Arcade
of the Pearl Dealers (Porticus Margaritaria),
a building erected in the second century a.
and devoted
ellers,
perfumers, and
It
florists.
House of
d.,
jew-
was about
quary,
Julia,
for,
like
the
Regia,
it
was almost
modern
We
-times.
have
now
modern
soil,
we
see,
beyond the
142
Rome
of Jerusalem, and
is
On
sculptures.
priate
emperor
drawn by four
in his chariot
ous action;
on the other
still
the
side,
horses,
in vigor-
seven-
triumphal procession.
Temple of Peace,
four centuries
seizure
in the
its
to
it
recaptured within
then
taken to Carthage;
restored to
then,
as
Rome, and
is
its
holy
supposed by some,
it is still
lying
some time to be
the Jews
and come into the posclay,
office,
us
when
whom
Titus
morning from
their
filthy
monument
quarters
in
the
which celebrated
upon the
The Forum
building of the Colosseum,
143
came
to detest
them
would pass beneath it except upon compulsion.
Nor was their dislike made less when it was
decreed by the Church that, upon the elevation
the arch so cordially that not one of
Rome
should
ment,
own
beneath
passed in
As we
monu-
which
the
of the
its circuit
procession
papal
city.
we
recall
it
stood
says
when
first
"
in spe-
Quo usque
We
first lines
of
it
by heart.
Rome
144
Way, with
The most
probable of
is
flutes
tury
It is difficult for
how
The Forum
147
when we
look
wisdom of
the
builders
for
As
there
Colosseum,
is
we
building
the
of the
Forum
largest
was
in
This great
the neighbourhood
148
Rome
if
they should
Upon
in a measure,
It
was never
Roman
emperor.
the
view
effort.
see the
The Forum
151
is
the com-
its
House of
open Forum.
it
At
Forum
way
by Caesar's gardens."
Excuses were
in vain.
Rome
152
The
tius passes;
and reconstruct
ings,
in
Way, and
the
An
open
building
lots,
and made
to appear
still
it
smaller by reason of
of honorary statues!
We
On
our
left rises
the Sacred
Way.
The Forum
and crowned with gardens.
155
In the distance,
Mount Janiculum,
mansions and
villas,
beautiful with
its
dome
afternoon sun.
hundred
feet
known
They formed one
otherwise
as
the
Temple of Peace.
by
erected
it
his
name.
Important
We have
Rome
156
lus,
a youth
who
attributes, of the
founder of the
city,
and who
emperor could be
Temple of
Urbis.
realized.
Behind
it
is
the
Templum Sacra
in the sixth
Museum.
masonry,
church,
we come upon
that
shell
parasitic
another
of the
who
The Forum
159
goddesses.
invited to join
deities,
and
his
the
amusing
its
emperor
in those
and
its
Roman
people wanted to
side
respectable
is
it
make
small
wonder the
a god of him.
Beyond
with
its
which
peace,
ancient
capital,
which have
Between
this
basilica
Forum
Transitorium.
Rome
160
Roman
other
locality,
The
origin of the
lishers,
whose
vellum, and
slaves
who
A Roman
sold
dates back
Roman
pub-
copied manuscripts on
them here
in this little
Roman Forum.
strip
wood or
more
less
common
like
Cicero
him
tion,
sort of testimonial as
it
were, which
The Forum
161
An
volumes.
of Philae
is
volume discovered
many
in the Island
some
forty or
ever,
or a chapter.
The demand
There were
books
for
Rome
in
was very
twenty-nine
great.
imperial
public libraries
circulating libraries.
had large
collections.
Sammonicus Serenus,
Roman
litera-
to the
right, is the
fact,
The Com-
Rome
62
in the early
days
while the
Forum
market-place.
itself
Later,
however,
people's
the markets
The importance
in
of the Senate
its
and
Roman
Roman government.
Mention has already been made of the first
rude structure raised upon this spot by Tullus
Hostilius, and called the Curia Hostilia. The
Senators met there during nearly the entire
republican period, seated upon hard benches
law and the centre of
in
a hall
only by the
its
warmed during
fitful
southern door.
first
century
b.
civil
The Forum
163
After
by changes
of plan, Julius Caesar was commissioned to undertake the work. The building begun by him,
under the name of the Curia Julia, was com-
two attempts
at rebuilding, followed
pleted by Augustus,
turies
government.
It
was destroyed
in the fire of
it,
Rome
164
piers,
gists
believe
stone
lions
over the
is
these
piers
Tomb of
The workmanship
Romulus.
clear,
upon the
seems to
sacrifices.
Roman
At
Sacred Way, along which we have been wandering, passes under the Arch of Septimius
Severus,
one
of
the
landmarks
of
the
Severus
is
imposing
when we
we shall
upon
see that they were the work of a third-rate
come
it,
The Forum
stone-cutter,
who
167
we
de'
toline.
It is
San Giuseppe
it
alto-
its
it
on the Capitoline,
wholesome or
insufficient,
The
68
Rome
gest,
layer
we may now
accommodation of
the wretches whom the government thrust
down to perish in the filth and darkness.
Jugurtha, the proud Numidian king, went
down into it, saying, with a shudder, " By Hercules,
lus,
how
see,
cold
for the
is this
Lentu-
its
Many
consul.
grew up a prison
in
which
St.
word of
of a pagan empire.
We
have
now
reached again
by three temples,
the
north-
dedicated
respectively
to
Gods,
The Forum
169
was
by Camillus, the
built
dictator,
laws
to celebrate the passage of the Licinian
the conclusion of peace between patricians
and
and
plebeians.
The
peace, however,
was but
Opimius,
death
of
the
brought
patrician,
Gaius
and
Gracchus
about
three
the
thou-
sand of the plebs, whereupon he felt constrained to restore and rededicate this buildThe plebs were greatly incensed, and an
ing.
unknown wit changed in the night his inscrip" Discord
tion upon the portico, making it read
masonry on which
scattered
it
stood.
throughout
Its
marbles are
half-dozen
Roman
gone forever.
Next to the Temple of Concord was the
Temple of Vespasian, raised by Domitian to
The three
the worship of his deified father.
museums and
its
glory
is
Rome
170
fluted
Though somewhat
to the three
similar in style
they are easily distinguished by being triangularly placed, forming the corner of a portico,
The Temple of
Consentes,
is
the
line.
circuit
of exploration.
the
it.
At
who
and enshrined
them here
in a
men from
accepting. Christianity.
The Forum
171
It consists
of five
known
as
"opus
reticulatum,"
This ruin
is
prisms
of
imitation of network.
now
in
Flavian emperors.
more
ancient
but
the
and claims identification. From this platform, Cicero and Hortensius, the Gracchi, and
Cato the Censor spoke winged words to the
light
Rome
172
style
known
We
hence the
beaks," but
the
Antium,
later
in
it
name
Rostra,
innocent.
and
The heads
" the
far less
Sulla's proscriptions
ironically nailed
by his mur-
is
of
The marble
The Forum
173
Roman
mark
world.
A few years
were shown holes in the earth,
near the Basilica Julia, which were said to
lusion than that of the Rostra.
ago
visitors
it
True, there
was
built prob-
monumental
really
creation
of
Roman
the
That
Tar-
literature,
has been identified with a great channel descending from the Esquiline and crossing the
Forum>
It is
Vicus Jugarius.
all
tell
us a team of oxen
made
Fragments of
remains, and inscrip-
Rome
174
we may
beside the
see
a few broken
pillars
Column of Phocas
raised
again
upon
decade have
last
their
bases,
after
The works
which once adorned them are either destroyed
or scattered among the museums. The bronze
equestrian statue of Constantine or Domitian
or Marcus Aurelius
no one seems to know
with any certainty which of the three it represented
has also been wrested from its place
near the centre of the Forum, and only a trace
of its foundations are visible. The two marble
Plutei, or screens, designed, doubtless, for some
good purpose, and adorned with sculptures of
sacrificial beasts and of a Roman crowd, are
perhaps ten centuries of neglect.
now
We
cannot recon-
other,
is
struct
The sun
The Forum
tine,
177
into
shadow.
Sitting
now
in
the
pile of
the
Rome
178
Roman
of the
overshadows
Julia
The
people.
on one
it
it,
great
side, the
Basilica
Temple
Caesars frowns
the
tine,
ing
liberties
of the people,
and instead of
it is
Roman
statues of deified
The
emperors.
Pretorian
glistening uniforms,
Force
rules,
Splendid processions,
Liberty
is
Shaggy,
are
blond
is
now
changed.
Long-haired
beards,
cold
blue
eyes,
there
his
the
The Forum
179
and
plate, are
Sacra.
taking their
way down
the Via
passes
The
Three
deposits of yellow
hither by the
The
feet
still
people
Pillage,
Rome
the populace.
breaks for a
moment
is
in
The
mur-
princely
and butcher
chains.
light
Rome
180
We
laid
soil.
is
beggar stands
This
is
the
leave
taken the
Roman
fever.
CHAPTER
VI.
we
and
Roman
visit
mon-
republic,
shall
and
go back
to
city.
Rome.
tells us,
Rhea
Sylvia's
grown
it.
To
manhood,
Remus
Here Rom-
and
this place,
when
the
Romans
Rome
82
had
settled
Quirinal,
the
hills at all,
last three
come
into being.
men and
Here, dur-
houses of royalty.
ace,"
is
history of the
Palatine
Hill.
Tiberius and
Caligula, Domitian
added to
of his building.
The
185
These vaulted ruins which cover the northeastern slope of the Palatine were the substructures of that portion of the palace raised
by
They extended
Caligula.
the
available
of the Forum,
ing
among
Wander-
corner of the
we
hill,
Rome,
the Porta
one of
Romana,
when
they did their work failed to regard the comfort of twentieth-century tourists,
From
we pass
we
and we must
find them.
House of
Caligula,
we have
erected by Tiberius.
Rome
86
it
occurred
led.
He
to his confederates,
finished
the
work.
The
conspirators
fled
the
House of Germanicus,
into
which
it
us.
When
Tiberius
The
Palatine
189
on the
left,
domestic gods.
altar to the
reception-
room of
are
careful
we
several
which
frescoes
of Greek and
Roman
art.
To
in
which the
Rome
190
little
on we
leading
down
is
the
hill
mus,
the
the steps
you may
flight of steps,
Part
way down
it,
if
is
At
tell
you choose.
You
are also
shown
Aventine and
it
it
Romu-
from the
Here, too,
we
are
who
human nature
is
the
same
known
d.,
in all
proving
ages and
to the ancients.
The
19
ancient writers,
was
a fa-
when
in a
mirror what
back,
and conse-
felt at
his
is
the
It
moment
Farther on and
House of Augustus,
the
first
It
official
cham-
rare
of Greek and
gems of
art,
Roman
manuscripts,
tico of the
lastly
was wont
to retire
affairs
of
Rome
192
now
remains
damp underground
On
chambers.
hill,
adjoin-
whose desire
to be near the Circus, and whose close association with the jockeys of that day is well
known. After his death a part of the building
the
was devoted to a school for court pages,
find
now
and
we
so-called Paedagogium,
upon the ruined walls inscriptions in Latin and
imperial property by Caligula,
Two
Work,
you
quomodo ego
as I have
be rewarded.
the caricature
rian
little ass,
shall
Museum,
where the
crucified Christ
is
The
195
The
tion.
inscription
in
reads,
a coarse
who
doubtless
One
or scratchings,
is
graffiti,
It is
we
passed
a comic head of
who were
of the guard
drawing
is
not very
quartered there.
artistic,
The
Roman emperors
are unmistak-
able.
From
pass,
the
through an opening
Stadium, or Hippodrome.
laid out
it is
it
built
may
in different ages.
Rome
196
Ages.
We
now come
House of
corner of the
hill,
This,
was
built out
upon a mass
The double
fagade of the
the
sand square
feet,
as
much
as one of our
The
197
It will
The Septizonium
referred to by early modern writers, but now
destroyed and unidentified, may have been this
front of the House of Septimius.
At the eastern corner of the hill, just north
of Septimius's palace, we shall enter the beaubarons of mediaeval Rome.
tiful
We
among
its
foliage-
we
we
Or,
we may
feel
we do now,
for the
Vigna Barberini covers the site of the Gardens of Adonis, which were the imperial
pleasure-ground of the Palatine.
We
have
now
finished
our examination of
a house sufficiently
Roman
who felt
magnificent for
all
the line of
fit
royalty
that he
Rome
198
person,
and
House,
stretching
its
accordingly
it
remains.
Let us
now
Forum and
It
the death of
say inhuman
human
or perhaps
after
should
The
substituted,
desirable change
moral standpoint,
probably
both from an
but a
a very
artistic
little later
199
and
the sun-
much
Commodus's own
took its place.
The Golden House of Nero, as already suggested, occupied all this space covered after-
was
in reality
surrounded by
triple porticoes,
or colonnades,
and containing buildings of whose magnificence it is difficult for us to form any adequate
conception.
when he
with
gold
tells
and
mother-of-pearl
that
it
adorned
with
jewels
and
and a
made
faint spray
of the state banqueting-hall, also of ivory, represented the heavens, adorned with stars, and
Rome
200
that
it
movement of the
planets.
He
also speaks of
No
fairy
Suetonius
tells
us that Nero,
when he
at last
Nero could
was
defiled
conceive,
The
201
the
discoverers
called
because
its
origin.
They
furnished
It is
and
this portion of
it
later
Trajan, incorporated
Trajan
using
it
as a sub-
clearly
the
make
It is difficult also to
remains of Trajan's
Remains of the
Rome
202
We
re-
we
Caracalla,
Baths of
we
find
among
now known
This
villa in
which we
are
art.
now
strolling
Roman
But a
stone's
throw to the
Tullius,
The
Here
we
Virgil
may have
calls
Here Horace,
is
shall find
which
203
per-
world over.
fell
back
Roman
liter-
ature.
Passing
down one
of the
new
which
and turning to the left into the narrow Via de San
Lucia in Selci, we pass the spot where Servius
Tullius is said to have been murdered and
where his daughter Tullia rode in her chariot
" from which circumover the dead body,
have been cut through
streets
this quarter,
was
called
This
Rome
204
of the ancient
city.
Juvenal
tells
us that he
We
are
now
Forum
low quarter of the Subura by a wall, still standing and well preserved. As we pass through
the ancient archway we come full upon one of
that of the Temple
the finest ruins in Rome,
of
fulfil-
Battle
when
and
as
we
deliberat-
Pliny
calls it
made by
look at these
three beautiful
we
entablature,
The Forum
it.
Roman
generals.
The
Palatine
it
was
207
section
laid
the
Forum
congestion
Caesar,
Roman Forum
original
the
(Forum Romanum)
Venus
Genetrix, which has been twice discovered and
located, but has been reburied under modern
buildings. The Forum of Minerva was simply
a broad and beautiful street, lined probably on
city increased.
In
it
was a temple
numerous
statues.
It
Forum Romanum by
to
al-
bit
soil.
It is as pretty
its
Rome
208
is
now
sheltered beneath
To
of Augustus,
we
little
The excavated
of imperial Rome.
space
is
feet in length
in its greatest
and
width,
It
basilica.
while
Beyond
this
tectural achievement;
it
The
211
through
ridge,
this magnificently
and the
result of
it
was
The
Column of
seen.
CHAPTER
VII.
WE
protected foreigner.
Our
still
more rusty
horse,
we
mod-
delle
But,
yes,
Roman
arches walled
in these latter
Michelangelo
claim which
is
we
said
trust
to have designed,
may
that
all
it is
really unjust
of holy meditation.
In the old convent adjoining the church
is
Rome
2i 6
Museo
delle Terme, devoted to the antiqwhich have come to light during the
more recent excavations. This collection contains two very important series of inscriptions.
One series was found in the sacred grove be-
the
uities
which existed for several centuries and included in its membership some of the most
prominent citizens of Rome, including emperors and nobles. The inscriptions relate to
certain rites of the order,
241 a.
III.,
d.
the
to
The
historian
data
of exceeding
The
Severus.
gustan games
because
entation
it
Au-
of particular interest to us
initial pres-
" Carmen
Saeculare,"
of
Horace's
this occa-
The
is
to
number of
girls, all
was attached
to
its
first
it
rendition as well as
brought to
its
gifted
author.
Here, too, are the Ludovisi sculptures, including the magnificent head of Hera (see
self
once the
now
We
Rome
Martino to the
site
which
is
the Aurelian
camp was
the
farther one of
Wall of the
city.
The
of Gordianus.
The
still
was here
dered Pertinax, the empire was set up at auction, and after fast and furious bidding was
knocked down to Didius Julianus upon payment by him of twenty-five hundred sesterces
to each of the twelve thousand soldiers who
We
now
new
quarter,
is
Almost a thou-
The
monument
to the folly of
nation's debt
was increased by
the result
as
it
is
is
ugly.
its
an enormity which
is
it,
and
as useless
surrounding
it,
and the stuccoed blocks of
modern buildings which rise, wan and ghastly,
like a fungus exhalation, cover the ground
where once bloomed the Gardens of Sallust,
and where later the villas Massimo and Ludovisi, with their shaded walks and terraced
The
desecration brought
its
and
linger.
own punishment,
who would be
an ox, here finds a modern application.
the sad experience of the frog
Rome
220
Some twenty
feet
in
art students
who have
and training
to
it
receives
No
the heart of
It
The Prince
circumstance.
of Piombino,
223
who
them
and erected this
building, then known as the Piombino or
Boncompagni Palace, upon a fragment of
garden that he still retained. Here for several years were kept the celebrated Ludovisi
sculptures, now in the Museo delle Terme.
was obliged
estates, sold
1884,
to dispose of his
his sculptures,
and
fell
Phoebus
now
takes
del Quirinale,
which
Quirinal Hill.
It
the Quirinal, or
is
Monte
Cavallo, so
two youths,
found
named from
Pope Sixtus
Both these
were obtainable here on the point of the Quirinal, and his good sense is certainly to be com-
Rome
ii\
The
mended.
Quirinal
summer
Without,
within,
it
somewhat
pressive.
may
visit
is
it
is
much
It
then
new Kingdom
of
palace.
If
you
the
air is
they
bad there
may have
this
summer, but
in order that
let
me
it,
It
was
built
art,
among which
from the
it
is
to the palace,
and also
to the
is
Colonna Gardens,
fragments of Vespasian's
it
countless
pearls
its
decoration, besides
and precious
stones.
This
Rome
226
may have
the garden
lies in
Roman
architecture than
we
could
We
are in the
this
Rome
was
of the
the seat
tower of their
fortress,
still
The massive
standing near,
is
by them in
the beginning of the Renaissance, and the
Church of the Holy Apostles, adjoining it, tell
was
built
dark deeds.
But we
shall
still
full
of
days.
On
our
way back
to
is
It is
Roman
229
one
fountains,
met a young
She not
them
took
only gave them what she had, but
to the spring which bubbled up beside her
Palestrina, half-dead with thirst,
girl
door.
father's
to
be so
make an aqueduct
in memory of this
After
Virgo.
flows and
still
its
all
to carry
girl
it
it
was
to
Rome, and
called the
Aqua
supplies the
Roman
city
with
used to gush
fantastic
Fountain of Trevi as
it
out into
in the
Campus
Martius.
The
fountain
is
tritons,
the Virgin
Rome
230
and fountains,
filling to
When you
Rome you
leave
probably
will
visit this
foun-
of travellers
the act from
romance
indulge,
their
in
which
generally
fellows
at
all classes
concealing
the hotel
or
when charged with having made the midWhether the offering is made
night journey.
Rome
is
morning and
sees
the
an appointment.
He
comes, a
he,
of
have
we make
little
late,
down
into the
Piazza del
and
upon our
outside,
The
the
Villa Borghese
Roman
parks.
There
varied.
is
which
lies just
left.
is
The grounds
an alternation of meadow
and grove, softly sloping terrace, shaded avenue and sunny garden, where the water flashes
of
scores
in
depths
of
murmurs in
grottoes.
Along
fountains,
rock-lined
or
the
the
show
that grace
through
We
ters.
its
and sculpture.
here gems from the great mas-
galleries of painting
shall find
lery Titian's
enth Hall,
shall
want
to
Rome
234
speak of this again
when we
St.
works of Perugino,
Sebastian (386) and a Madonna and
excellent
We
Room
da Vinci.
No.
uplifted
Christ
with
which
represents
435,
hand, bestowing his blessing (vol. ii., page
shall refer again to the little canvas,
of the Princess
Napoleon,
posing
as
Venus,
and
few
winding parkway,
we
movement, handsome
Our steed seems to
appreciate the situation, throws his feet with an
assumption of elegance, and bears us into the
joy the pleasures of
dresses, music,
and
life,
society.
He
is
little stiff
in the
joints,
his
broken-winded, too,
and as he
iar
it
he
is
must be confessed,
he produces a pecul-
tion of passers-by
him with
interest.
CHAPTER
VIII.
AGAIN
we
we
Barberini
We have decided
that
behind the
when we
intimate that
we
it
is
Then,
too,
we
an
makes us agree
ills
in the
236
The
Baths of Caracalla
239
we
reach
at the
When
was one of
of
Rome this
He speaks
its
iferous
blossoming trees."
hood
still
is
The neighbour-
been stripped of
The
masonry.
broom
which blossomed
until a
Yet
if
we
can see
less
of natural charm,
we
away of
we
centuries,
we might
Rome
240
Yonder in that
swimming bath, not
much
pire,
room
is
the cold
but
em-
gladiators.
out
labyrinth
shampooing-rooms,
of
dressing-rooms,
eating-rooms,
gymnasia,
not,
cups of Falernian.
ies
Then
Roman
us,
but
when we
all
so aston-
The
ishing?
dated
Baths of Caracalla
The Baths of
as many
twice
241
accommo-
Diocletian
And
persons.
there
Campus
we
while for a
moment
There
is
its
power.
Some
low as
five
The
discrepancy
lies in
taken
in the
all
classes of the
Rome
1^1
senators,
women,
ers.
It is
known,
sand
men
too, that
as a basis of computation,
Roman
far
it is
facts
of slaves in
Rome may
The number
souls.
Roman
writings.
d.
The
guilty
A
his
one
The
ruins
THE COLUMBARIA
IN
The
Baths of Caracalla
245
was
make
it
from the
a continuity of villas
city walls
We arouse
we soon
all
manner of
cellars.
The
We descend
into
one
first
of the worthy
row of
we
find,
instead
some
Roman freedmen whose names
skulls belonging to
Rome
246
We
feel like
have ceased to be
The
wall
many
sensitive.
is filled
with niches,
tier
upon
funeral
urns,
or
boxes,
its
tier,
When
one or more
fully
who
human
lived
in
was a
child in Nazareth.
The burning
versally practised
in
Rome
The
whose tomb
Baths of Caracalla
is in
247
We
now find little there except a ruined, underground passage and vault with niches for
sarcophagi. Some of the sarcophagi have been
shall
We
a
return once
more
to the carriage,
and
ument accorded
Augustus for
certain victories over the Germans.
It is of
travertine, ornamented with white marble,
and was used by Caracalla as a support for
the aqueduct which supplied his baths.
Just beyond is the Porta San Sebastiano,
to the stepson of
known
It is built
of a mixture of material
we
the
just
Rome
248
but
we
walls,
discover that
it
hemmed
is
in
differ perceptibly
Oh we
by villa
from the
Church of Domine quo Vadis, past the Catacombs of St. Calixtus, which we shall visit
later, past the Catacombs of Domitilla, past
the Church of San Sebastiano. But no,
opfind
Sebastiano
posite the Church of San
we
a tomb, and behind it the ruins of the Circus
of Maxentius, which held some eighteen thousand spectators, and, for a small affair, was
considered by the fourth-century Romans very
good. It is the only Roman circus of which
it
we
as
tellus
us, at the
Tomb of
top of a gently
it
may
is still
The
when we
quite intact.
be understood
The
Baths of Caracalla
251
The
feet.
is
now
Farnese Palace.
As we
becomes more
more
ruinous,
Campagna spreads
Rome
much
later
of history.
it
with destruction.
Roman
city, threat-
fall
of the
Paul, brought to
Rome
Rome
252
the victorious
army of
two centuries
in
golden chains.
These
deep blue
Roman
ary palaces
beneath them.
little
farther out
we
assigned
of
it
The
is
Baths of Caracalla
now known,
the
Tor
most picturesque
Campagna.
the
We
are
now
253
di Selce.
It is
ruins
the
in
one of
Roman
As
excursion,
we
will ask
our present
little
to the north-
east.
its
Way,
junc-
Phce-
which he says is
upon the spot where Coriolanus was persuaded
by his wife and mother to spare the Roman
bus shows us a
city.
place
We
little
osteria
may have
have no faith
in
we
yield,
the historical
though
we
associations
Resuming our
ride,
we soon
see here
and
Rome
254
fragments
there
rising nearly a
of
the
hundred
Claudian
aqueduct
above the
feet
plain.
first
Roman
when
The
and fountains.
first
of the
b. c.
Sabine
Hills.
Rome
built
about
the waters
drinking
but
purposes,
gardens and
villas.
only
for
irrigating
The Marcia,
thirty-six
now
The
two
miles.
large part of
last
it
seven miles
<
<
u
X
The
Baths of Caracalla
we can
If
we
257
look trans-
see the
two chan-
nels
original
supply
it
channels.
Romans
It will
and
still
ference
fact that,
among
the
common
We
The
dif-
reenter
the
Giovanni, a gate
city
made
people, bathing
art.
by the
in the
Porta
San
Aurelian Wall
two donkeys have taken the entire responof managing the expedition.
They
sibility
Rome
258
have done
steed,
it
who
Roman
well,
is
evidently
getting
jaded.
number
who
as
are,
rule,
economical,
floor
is
the Lateran
museum,
sarcophagi,
and
architectural
frag-
The
collection
Baths of Caracalla
259
We
hastily,
may walk
stopping
works.
The
first
tectural
is
sculptures,
room.
work of modern
times,
museum,
is
all
the
majesty and intellectual power which distinguished the golden age of Greece. We shall
ii., page 161).
same room with the Sophocles is a
In the
spirited
familiar to
us through
reproductions.
in
we
rooms, constitute
all
of the so-called
Museo
at all carefully
Rome
260
first
objects that
Good Shepherd.
good, and
is
One
began
Christian
art
models,
this figure
by
is
especially
showing us how
adopting
classical
Apollo.
are a
of these
interesting as
copies of
Good Shepherd.
Here, too,
is
an ex-
valuable collection
may
many
to
In an adjoining picture-gallery
old masters, but as none are of particular interest, you may, if pressed for time, pass them
by without feeling that you have suffered an
irreparable loss.
As
to that horrible
mosaic
pugilists
too, unless
fallen
in
or gladiators,
you want
Caracalla's
pass
to see
how low
day.
It
is
that,
art
difficult
had
to
The
understand just
Baths of Caracalla
why
this abortion
163
should find
museum.
It
" Profano."
to
we
vated
fields
building
delirium
Then we turn
aqueduct,
which
supplied
the
reservoir
of
we
see an opening
upon
a building
Church of San Stefano Rotondo,
which has long been a puzzle to archaeologists,
and the origin of which no one yet knows
Its shape and architecture
with certainty.
preclude the possibility of
its
explanation
is
that
it
was a
most probable
restoration
of
Rome
264
is
known
to
The
of an open square.
was made
restoration
may have
market-place.
dedicated
to the
it
as being
None
of these
boiled
all
in caldrons, flayed
stages of torture,
and quartered,
an altogether appropriate
form of decoration for Nero's butcher-shop,
but hardly desirable in this modern Christian
edifice.
The
church, fortunately,
is
shut up
and
all
the
The
Baths of Caracalla
265
Returning to the thoroughfare and catching a glimpse at the next corner of the Church
of Santa Maria della Navicella, with
tique marble ship in the piazza before
its
it,
an-
we
Temple of Claudius.
enter
Let us
with
its
of her husband,
Nero,
had
whom
who had no
his
mother
very strong
killed,
memory
filial
devotion,
and turned
his step-
Rome
266
which he played at naval fighting, and which spread out at the foot of the
hill, over the spot occupied later by the Colosseum.
Vespasian restored the temple to its
original purpose, but when the Colosseum had
been finished, succeeding emperors used these
lake in
ficial
tended
The
for the
walls which
we now
devouring of Christians.
It
is
hard to con-
its
destruction.
We
shall
two
brothers,
members
dom under
it,
Passing
down
The
Baths of Caracalla
cession of arches,
we
267
The Colosseum
us to the Colosseum.
is
the
Rome. Statistics
give little idea of its magnitude and no idea
at all of its impressiveness, but, if you wish
to
have the
figures,
in
the outer
tended
down from
this point in
banks or steps
The
entire
feet.
An
in-
was taken
to
mean
loci,
which
until
now
Rome
i6S
thousand or
so.
room
for
more than
may
not have
made
sufficient
fifty
seum
certainly
It is
estimated that
Every spectator had his ivory ticket, admitting him by section, entrance, row, and seat.
senators, knights,
Each of the various orders
had its own
whatever
soldiers, freedmen, or
distinct section, and, later, individuals seem to
have acquired permanent sittings upon which
About two huntheir names were inscribed.
dred of these names have been discovered cut
in the stone which formed the benches.
But what of the arena? We used to think
utes.
o
a
o
w
X
H
O
ai
O
2
W
H
2
W
X
H
The
of
it
Baths of Caracalla
271
It
was, rather,
name), and beneath it was a basement with rooms and passages, in which beasts,
gladiators, and Christians were kept until
(hence
its
Temple of Claudius,
realistic
When
the
Rome
$1<l
you
self,
You have
it.
An
evening at some
stroll
down
open
little
osteria, or a
proved a greater attraction than the conversation of fellow tourists in your hotel parlour.
Hence you
Roman
go with me and
auspices.
Try now
is,
The
Baths of Caracalla
their salutation
salutant."
down through
is
273
awnings
silken
light streams
a hundred fountains
aedile,
done.
and
and
filling
in their
for-
rage
Rome
274
in to fight,
or be destroyed.
Then
beasts
behind a cloud,
down
passed
You
look
victims,
has pictured,
the
lions
feasting
upon the
It
throws
tiers
of stone.
The
from the ilexes beyond the Arch of Constantine, and looking again into the arena you see
a half-circle of white light, and another halfcircle of lights and shadows, where the moon-
The
Baths of Caracalla
275
END OF VOLUME
f.
27 B.C. Augustus.
14 a. D. Tiberius.
37 Caligula.
41 Claudius.
54 Nero.
68 Galba.
69 Otho.
69 Vitellius.
69 Vespasian.
79 Titus.
81 Domitian.
217
218
222
235
238
238
238
244
Macrinus.
Elagabalus.
Alexander Severus.
Maximin.
Gordian I. and
II.
Pupienus, Balbinus.
Gordian III.
Philip.
249 Decius.
251
96 Nerva.
Gallienus.
98 Trajan.
260 Gallienus, alone.
1
7 Hadrian.
268 Claudius II. (Gothieu.).
138 Antoninus Pius.
161 Marcus Aurelius and Lu- 270 Aurelian.
cius Verus.
169
180
193
193
193
193
Commodus.
Pertinax.
Didius Julianus.
Pescennius Niger.
Septimius Severus.
211 Caracalla and Geta.
212 Caracalla, alone.
275
276
276
282
283
284
286
305
77
Tacitus.
Florian.
Probus.
Carus.
278
(West).
INDEX
Family, The, i,
Gardens, i, 22.
Acilian
Acilian
Acilian
Acilius
Palace, i, 25.
Glabrio, Manius,
Acilius,
Nymphaeum
Actiuin,
i,
22.
of,
25.
of,
i,
197.
14.
under
Bridge
(see
Ponte
Rotto).
/Equians, The, i, 15.
/Eschylus, ii, 161.
/Esculapius, i, 116.
./Esculapius,
i,
ii,
(see under
Aqueducts).
Alps, The, ii, 5, 9, 26.
" All Saints' Day," i,
49.
Temple
ii,
of,
i,
82.
15.
i,
ii,
256.
i,
220.
31, 178.
Albula, Springs
4.
Baths).
Agrippa, Pool of, i, 229, 230.
Agrippina, i, 117, 265.
Alaric,
127.
" America,"
Agnani,
ii,
"
Basilicas).
/Emilian
Algardi,
47.
Adonis, Gardens
Adrian, Pope, ii,
166.
22.
i,
i,
Antium, i,
Antoninus
Hills).
172.
Temple
Temples).
200.
2 79
and
of
Faustina,
(see
under
280
Index
Antoninus Pius,
i,
Coeli,
ii,
Church
85.
of
(see
under Churches).
Ara Pacis of Augustus,
ii,
i,
217.
"S3-
117.
Apollo,
148.
Apollonius,
"
Aquinas, Thomas,
Ara
156, 159.
Antony, i, 26.
ii,
178, 181.
Apoxyomenos," Lysippos,
ii,
162, 174.
Appian Aqueduct
(see under
Aqueducts).
Way
(Porticus
Margaritaria),
i,
Arches
Augustus,
i,
164.
Trajan,
i,
144, 194.
Appian
(see Via Appia).
Appii
Forum (see under
207.
Forum).
Argos, ii, 149, 150.
Appius Claudius, i, 254.
Argonauts, Portico of (see
Aqua Virgo, i, 229.
under Porticos).
Aqueducts
Aristotle, ii, 161, 229.
Alseatina, i, 254.
Arnold of Brescia, ii, 14, 16.
Anio Novus, i, 254, 255.
Arsinoe, ii, 140.
Anio Vetus, i, 254.
Artemis, ii, 153.
" Artemis and Sleeping EnAppia, i, 254.
Claudia, i, 257, 263.
dymion," ii, 190.
" Artemis of Versailles," ii,
Julia, i, 254.
:
Marcia, i, 254.
Tepula, i, 254.
Virgo, i, 229, 254.
Aquila, ii, 2, 32.
178.
Arvales, The,
Arx
i, 216.
(the Citadel), i, 108, 112,
Ascanius,
i,
253.
:.
Index
Asiaticus, Valerius,
16, 17,
i,
Aurelius
War,
i,
21.
Avignon,
"
Attila,
ii,
5,
Augustan Age,
ii,
i,
of
(see
under
Houses).
Temple
of
(see
ii,
of
Mau-
182, 185.
(see
under
207.
Head
Wall
of,
i,
115.
ii,
46, 47.
Baracconi,
i, 224.
Barberini, The, i, 53, 197
ii,
72.
" Barberini Hera," ii, 189.
Barberini Palace (see under
Palaces).
;
Barbarossa, Frederick,
14,
ii,
Basilicae
i,
of
69.
121, 124, 125, 141,
147, 152, 173, 178.
ii,
i,
Sempronia of Gracchus,
i,
124.
i,
Aurelian, Emperor,
252.
Walls).
i,
Julia,
Temples).
Aulus Postumius,
Aurelian
Peace),
Mausoleum
soleum).
Statues of,
Bacchus,
Bacchus,
211.
ii,
ii,
"Bambino," The,
187.
Augustine, ii, 6.
Augustus, i, 31, 38, 68, 79, 88,
House
Averroes,
Theatres).
127.
Atrio Quadrato,
225, 250,
Hills).
i, 242.
" of the Parthenon,
Pheidias, ii, 146.
Athene (see also Minerva).
Attus Navius, i, 162.
Athene
ii,
Athenaeus,
'
Marcus Aure-
(see
lius)
19.
Asiatic
48
Baths
79.
i,
(see
97, 226,
Agrippa,
i,
31,
54,
241
ii,
140.
under
Caracalla, i,
254, 260.
1,
IXI
Index
Constantine,
226, 241.
Diocletian,
223,
i,
225,
i,
212, 241
Domitian, i, 254.
Nero, i, 241.
Septimius Severus,
ii,
ii
sino Borghese),
Trajan,
"
i,
of
i,
126.
i,
i,
204, 251
142.
Braccio
ii,
189.
Vatican,
Bramante,
Bridge, Milvian,
Byron, Lord,
British
ii,
Museum,
Brundisium,
i,
Brunelleschi,
3.
ii,
150.
251.
ii,
i,
18.
III,
125;
ii,
170.
ii,
129.
Byzantine
Art,
ii,
199,
202,
203.
i,
163.
Boncompagni Museum,
Bonelli, Cardinal,
i,
234.
Nuovo of the
Boni,
i,
Battle of Philippi,
Belisarius,
under
Borromini, i, 55.
Bosphorus, The, ii, 4.
Botticelli, Sandro, ii, 208, 211,
49.
Battle
(see
212, 214.
240.
i.
i,
Villa
Villas).
19.
Titus,
Borghese
ii,
146.
ii,
ii,
211.
Temples).
163.
132, 164, 171.
i,
Burne- Jones,
15.
Houses).
Calvin, ii, 19.
Camillus, i, 92, 169.
Campagna, The, i, 4-7, 69, 75,
Ind ex
76,
45- J3.
Capitol at
i,
Carinus,
i,
"Carmen
163.
Saeculare,"
i,
104.
Catacombs
Domitilla,
Washington, D. C,
The,
i,
i,
260;
i,
248.
25.
ii,
St. Calixtus,
Capitoline
of the,
Hill
(see
i,
119,
under
Capitoline
Museum
(see under
Museums).
" Captives,"
222.
Michelangelo,
ii,
Capua, i, 251.
Capuchins, The, ii, 77, 78.
Capuchins, Church of (see
under Churches).
32.
i,
45.
Cato,
Hills).
216,
Priscilla,
Wolf
i,
217.
"5-
Si-
Capitol,
120.
283
i,
171.
Cavour, Count,
ii,
Cecilia Metella,
54, 248.
Cellini,
25, 26.
of,
Tomb
Benvenuto,
i,
35;
i,
ii,
20.
" Cenci,
Beatrice," Guido, i,
64; ii, 73, 100, 250.
Cenci Palace (see under Pal-
aces).
Cestius,
102.
Houses).
Caractacus, ii, 31.
Cardinal of Corneto, ii, 18.
Caraffa Chapel, ii, 85.
Chamber
Chamber
Pyramid
Cethegus,
i,
of,
i,
94, 97,
168.
of Commerce, i, 47.
of Deputies, i, 38.
Chapel of Nicholas the Fifth,
(Vatican) ii, 204.
Index
a 84
Charlemagne,
ii,
San Giovanni
9, 10, 22.
can)
ii,
"Childe Harold,"
i,
in.
113;
i,
ii,
17,45,
Mura
41.
San Lorenzo
Miranda,
in
fuori
i,
Twin
i,
248
Mura
le
Suburban),
64, 82, 86-94, 202.
(St. Paul's,
San Pietro
ii,
(St. Peter's),
i,
San Pietro
Peter in
Vincoli (St.
in
Chains)
49,
ii,
51, 221.
248
Stefano
tian),
San
46.
Gastaldi,
Cardinal
churches of, i, 29.
Capuchins, ii, 76.
Domine Quo Vadis,
Faleg-
de'
167.
Lorenzo fuori le
i,
San Sebastiano
Cceli,
i,
(St.
Sebas-
39, 64.
ii,
Rotondo,
i,
263.
Sant' Agnese, i, 55, 56.
Sant' Agnese fuori le Mura
Agnes, Suburban),
(St.
ii,
. 39-
nami,
San Paolo
Ara
ii,
156.
Churches
San Giuseppe
San
24, 25.
ii,
Oleo,
in
40.
ii,
51.
San Giorgio
in
Velabro,
i,
87.
ii,
3, 56,
202, 203.
Sant'
Andrea
della Valle,
i,
60.
Santa Cecilia,
ii,
201.
Santa Constantia,
Santa Croce in
ii,
76.
Gerusa-
148.
i,
35
Index
Maria
Santa
cella,
Navi-
della
265.
Santa Maria del Popolo,
Santa Maria
Ara
i,
Ara
in
Cceli
Coeli).
Maggiore
(Greater St.
28; ii, 66-72.
Santa Maria
Mary's)
i,
Cosmedin,
in
i,
Temple
Claudius,
of
under Temples).
Clement, the Seventh,
(see
20,
ii,
ii,
129.
79-
Santa
Santa
Santa
Santa
16, 17,
i,
84.
Maria
Santa
i.
Claudius, Emperor,
i,
27.
(see
285
55;
83, 211,
ii,
i,
229.
The,
i,
The,
i,
170.
Martina,
Prisca,
i,
ii,
163.
32.
Pudenziana,
ii,
31.
i,
Cloaca Maxima,
i,
under
4, 85,
122,
Hills).
Cimabue,
Gardens).
Colonna, Giovanni, ii, 19.
Colosseum, The, i, 28, 63, 68,
131, 141, 143, 144, 147, 198200, 219, 236, 241, 266, 267275;". 43- 5 1 Colossus of Nero, The, i, 198.
ii,
203.
Piazza
Navona).
Circi
Flaminian, i, 30.
Maxentius, i, 55, 248.
Maximus,
i,
26,
88,
89,
Nero's,
37, 264;
104, 116, 133.
i,
ii,
2,
102,
Collis
Hortulorum
(see Hills
Pincian).
Cokmna
Family, The,
ii,
Colonna Gardens
Columbus,
Columna
Columns
i,
31,
(see under
217.
ii,
Rostrata,
Marcus Aurelius,
i,
i,
117.
38, 42,
45, 211.
Phocas,
Trajan,
i,
121, 174.
42, 208, 211;
1,
i,
192, 194.
ii,
286
Ind ex
ii,
Comitium, The,
Crawford, Marion,
7.
119.
122, 151,
i,
Concord, Temple
under Temples).
Conservatori,
of
(see
i,
Museum
of (see
under Museums).
Constantine, Emperor,
i,
147,
155, 218, 226, 258, 266; ii,
3I
3> 4.
35- 5*. 55- 59. 64,
75, 76, 87, 112, 115, 187,
194.
Arch of
217, 224.
Adam," Michel-
" Creation of
ii,
The,
Crypto-porticus,
i,
81.
25.
i,
185,
186, 189.
Cumean Sibyl,
Pool of
Juturna).
Cupid," Praxiteles, i, 67.
Cybele, Temple of (see under
"
Temples).
Cyllinus,
ii,
31.
"
10, 50.
Convent
of
St.
Onofrio,
i,
ii,
Danae,"
i,
79.
139, 246.
246.
ii,
Corsini
Palaces).
Corso,
The, i, 28,
6 5. io 3
37. 45'
190.
29, 31,
2 72;
ii,
Count of Tusculum,
i,
31
ii,
12.
i,
234
246.
Porticos).
186.
" Christ,"
"
102.
Barbatus,
ii,
"
Coriolanus, i, 253.
Cornelius, Scipio
ii,
Danae," Correggio,
103.
(the Tourist)
Cook
L.,
ii,
(see
Dancing
Satyr,"
Borghese,
i,
Daniel,
ii,
87.
Dante,
ii,
17.
Casino
234.
"
Danube," The,
"
i,
55, 56.
Ber-
da Vinci).
" Defeat of Maxentius at the
Milvian Bridge," ii. 237.
Delia Porta, ii, 124.
Delia Robbia, Lucca, ii, 207.
" Deliverance of St. Peter,"
Raphael, ii, 234.
" Delphic
Sibyl,"
Michelangelo, ii, 227.
Del Piombo,
ii,
239.
Ind ex
Del Sarto, Andrea, ii, 249.
" Magdalen," ii, 249.
Demosthenes, ii, 161.
Demosthenes, Statue of,
Domus
Gelotiana,
Donatello, ii, 18.
" St.
ii,
162, 165.
Gods).
Disk -thrower of Myron
(" Dis-
of
(see
Domenichino,
i,
Jerome,"
ii,
Domine Quo
of
St.
House
Statue
of,
of,
Domitilla,
"Dream
i,
of
i,
116.
Helena,"
St.
i,
117.
Duke
"
115; "
(Capitol),
J 7o.
under
30, 56
174.
i,
ii,
Catacombs of
under Catacombs).
ii,
ii,
3.
177.
Museum
Vatican,
Emporium,
Entombment,"
"
phael,
the
of
140, 141.
The, i, 91.
ii,
The,
Ra-
228.
Singulares, The,
i,
234
ii,
i,
258.
Houses).
Stadium
182.
(see
of
under
(see
Doves (Mosaic),
Egyptian
117,
169,
173, 182, 191, 195, 273; ii,
43Baths of (see under Baths).
of (see
itorium).
Palace
Vadis, Church
Forum
207.
ii,
274.
Palaces).
112,
i,
George,"
i,
Egyptian Art,
238, 249.
Domitian,
Dore,
Doria
192.
i,
225.
Communion
" Last
287
74.
(see
ii,
141.
a88
Ind ex
Eudoxia,
Formosus, Pope,
49, 50.
18.
ii,
Euodus,
i,
ii,
162,
165.
Ezekiel,
ii,
87.
of
(see
under
ii,
115.
204,
i,
207,
i,
Peace,
i,
191.
56.
Romanum,
i,
114,
126,
113,
28,86,90, 103,
121-123,
129-131, 135,
117,
125,
141, 147, 151. i5 2 !59162, 164, 167, 168, 170,
I73 J 74, 177-179. 181,
182, 185, 198, 207 ; ii, 5,
1
Trajan,
i,
ii,
192.
Transitorium
(Forum of
Nerva; Forum of Domitian Forum of Minerva),
;
159-
Fountain
of
Trevi,
226,
i,
229.
234.
ii,
Circi).
Gate
(see
Porta France,
del Popolo).
Flaminian
252.
i,
Of Augustus,
i>
Flaminian
of
>
ii,
73.
208.
"
ii,
Fabius, Arch
Arches).
91, 92.
ii,
The
" Fornarina,"
Way
ii,
Francia,
(see
Via
Flaminia).
Flavian Age, The, i, 268.
" Flora," i, 240.
Florence, i, 1, 48; ii, 20, 52,
135, 203, 213, 214, 249.
Florentine School, ii, 213, 249.
Frari,
i,
120.
The,
Venice,
at
ii,
244.
i,
21,
220.
French Embassy,
i,
60.
Fuscus Aristius,
i,
ii,
152.
15.
Index
Gainsborough, ii, 255.
Gaius Cestius, Pyramid
of,
i,
Gaius Gracchus,
Galba,
Galen,
ii,
Galileo,
20 ii, 86.
of the Candelabra
;
(Vatican),
ii,
189.
Ganges," The,
i,
Gardens
Acilian,
i,
Adonis,
i,
22.
i,
Garibaldi,
Gastaldi,
i,
225.
ii,
219;
ii,
129.
Guelphs, The,
21.
ii,
(see Reni).
Guiscard, Robert,
Twin
i,
31;
ii,
13,
14, 21.
under
Churches).
Geneva, ii, 19.
Genseric, i, 112 ii, 21.
Georgics, The, i, 203.
Gerbert of Aurillac (see Sylvester the Second).
Germanicus, House of (see
under Houses).
Germans, The, ii, 4, 9.
Ghetto, The, i, 65, 142.
;
6, 7,
Guido
140.
24-26, 102.
ii,
Cardinal,
Churches of (see
ii,
Lucullus, i, 15.
Maecenas, i, 119, 199, 202.
Pincian, i, 21, 25.
Sallust,
197.
Barberini, i, 197.
Boboli, ii, 222.
Colonna,
49, 196.
55.
"
ii,
7.
i,
Gallery
"
169.
i,
172.
i,
289
Hadrian,
i,
35, 36, 48, 136,
147, 148, 198, 245; ii, 181.
Mausoleum of (see Mauso-
leum).
Statue
Hall of Busts
(Vatican),
ii,
Hall
Index
290
Hills
Alban, i, 5, 253.
Aventine, i, 82, 91, 92, 190;
190.
ii,
Museum),
Hannibal,
i,
Hawthorne,
i,
116.
251.
i,
38,
1 1 1
ii,
78,
157-
Helena, Empress,
ii,
59, 128,
187.
" Heliodorus,"
Raphael,
49.
ii,
Janiculum,
of
Mater
Hermes
of
(see
under
VII.).
ii,
161.
Tower (Tower
Monkey),
Hildebrand
i,
Hippodrome, The,
" History of
i,
195.
Moses,"
ii,
Hogarth,
ii,
208,
255.
" Antinous,"
or
of the Belvedere, ii, 181.
Hilda's
33-
Viminal,
"
Herodotus,
212.
Temples).
"
20,
Matuta).
Temple
15,
Temple
12,
i,
178, 181.
(see
ii,
2.
37, 38.
(see
of the
i,
Gregory
of,
i,
226.
"
63-
Honorius the
75-
First,
Pope,
ii,
291
Index
Honorius the Third, Pope,
ii,
65.
(see under
Temples).
Horace, i, 151, 152, 159. 202,
Irene,
Hope, Temple of
203, 216.
Horatii, The,
Hortensius,
i,
"The
Third,
tender," ii, 128.
Jameson, Mrs. ii, 225.
252.
i,
191, I9 2 >
224.
Caligula, i, 185.
Caracalla, i, 196.
Domitian, i, 191, 224.
Germanicus, i, 186,
191
I 95>
i,
197.
Vestals,
i,
under
Hills).
ii,
77
59,
196,
87.
" Jethro's Daughters," ii, 208.
Johannes, Pope, ii, 69, 70.
John the Fifteenth, Pope, ii,
I5 1
Josephus,
189,
196.
80.
Septimius Severus,
Pre-
Temples).
Jeremiah, ii, 87.
Jerusalem, i, 142;
ii,
Pilate,
(see
Janiculum
Houses
Augustus,
9.
James
171, 182.
i,
ii,
10, 11.
i,
135,
141.
'
i,
185.
177.
Judea,
House of
"
Jugurtha,
Julia,
Julia
i,
i,
of Paris,"
168
Basilica
ii,
190.
44.
(see
under
(see
under
ii,
Basilicae).
268.
Humbert, King,
ii,
Judgment
Aqueduct
Aqueducts).
Rostra
Julia,
53.
(see
under
Rostra).
The, i, 161.
Julian the Apostate, i, 266
Innocent the Eighth, ii, 129.
ii, 76.
Innocent the Sixth, ii, 127.
Julian Forum (see Forum of
Innocent the Tenth, i, 59.
Julius Caesar).
Innocent the Third, ii, 14, 92.
ii,
Innocent the Twelfth, ii, 129. Julius the Second, i, 41
19, 51.
Inquisition, The, ii, 85, 86.
" Io, Argus, and Mercury," ii, Julius the Third, ii, 139, 222,
Iliad,
225, 229.
196.
Isaac, ii, 87.
Isaiah, ii, 93.
Isis,
Temple
Temples).
"
of
(see
(see
292
Index
i,
(see
"Christ
116.
under Temples).
"
La
98
97,
ii,
136.
Bella,"
ii, 245.
Regillus, Battle of (see
under Battles).
Lamia,
29.
i,
"
i,
111, 164.
Laokoon," The,
i,
202
ii,
" Last
Communion
of
Jerome," Domenichino,
St.
ii,
238, 249.
"Last
Judgment,"
Michel-
ii,
Lateran
Museum
Palace
Palaces).
i,
218.
ii,
217.
ii,
217.
Lepida, i, 18.
Leo the Eleventh, ii, 127.
Leo the First (the Great), ii,
5>9i 127.
Leo the Fourth, ii, 104, 234.
Leo the Fourth, Wall of (see
under Walls).
Leo the Second, ii, 127.
Leo the Tenth, ii, 84.
Leo the Third, ii, 9, 127.
Leo the Thirteenth, ii, 27.
Leo the Twelfth, ii, 129.
Liberius, Pope, ii, 69, 76.
Linus, ii, 3, 31, 116.
"Lion of Lucerne," Thorwaldsen, ii, 256.
Livy,
i,
75.
i,
201,
237-238.
Lollia Coin, The, i, 171.
Lombards, The, ii, 8, i, 37.
ii,
Lombardy,
ii,
(see
ii,
168.
His
217.
ii,
under Gardens).
Ludi
Saeculares
(Sacred
Games), i, 216.
"
under
Ludovisi Juno," The, i, 217
ii,
(see under
Museums).
Lateran
234;
i,
"Last Supper,"
Lake
Lanciani,
214, 217,
Bestowing
Blessing,"
Vinci,'ii,
Keats,
Leonardo da
146, 150.
ii,
150, 162,
Index
"
Apoxyomenos,"
162,
ii,
" Herakles,"
ii,
Madonna and
"
i,
"
ii,
Madonna
and
Saints,"
Foligno,"
238,
ii,
Saints,"
"
Maenad
"
Magdalen,"
i,
Del
Mars
Ultor,
ii,
249.
(see under
Temple
of
(see
Masaccio,
ii,
207.
ii,
189.
(see
Mausoleum
of Augustus, i, 3,
30-3 2 35.41, 54, 117.
of
Hadrian
Mausoleum
.
Magenta,
ii,
26.
Maxentius,
under
ii,
Maxentius, Emperor,
Marcellus, Theatre
under Theatres).
of
(see
i,
155;
", 3-
Circus
of
(see
Circi).
28,
157-158.
i,
bis),
128.
ii,
Temples).
119.
Sarto,
Marius, i, 172.
Marozia, ii, 10.
Mars, i, 12.
Mars, Temple of
Temples).
under Temples).
239.
III
Tem-
i,
Maria Clementina,
Child," Peru-
244.
di
Raphael,
"
Marforio,
234.
Madonna
Titian,
of (see under
178.
Temple
ples).
174.
"
293
i,
225.
i,
ii,
20.
218.
217.
Messalina,
i,
16-19.
Index
294
258.
"Captives" Louvre,
ii,
222.
ii,
Duke
ii,
of,
Porticos).
i,
216.
229.
Museums
ii,
146.
i,
Kirch erian,
Lateran,
i,
192.
i,
258-263;
ii,
161,
201.
Profano, (Lateran),
i,
259.
Myron, "Disk-thrower"
(" Diskobolos "), ii, 144, 145,
161.
Mysae,
i,
Naples,
47.
ii,
20, 26,
149;
ii,
178,
181.
Napoleon the
26.
Hounds,"
ii,
113, 114-117,
156; ii, 157, 170, 182.
Chiaramonti, ii, 112, 153,
182.
Minerva, i, 208.
Minerva, Temple of (see under
Temples).
Minerva Campensis, Temple
of (see under Temples).
Minerva, Forum of (see Forum
Transitorium).
" Minerva Medica," ii, 190.
Minucia, Portico of (see under
Modena,
Terme,
Muses, The,
Capitoline,
4.
Milan,
ii, 20.
Milestone, Golden, i, 172.
Miivian Bridge, ii, 3.
" Molossian
120, 151.
delle
Museo
Boncompagni,
128, 218.
Milan Cathedral,
First,
i,
1,
21,
21-23, II2,
" Mona Lisa " of the Louvre, Napoleon the Third, ii, 25, 27.
Narcissus, i, 18.
ii, 217.
Monte Cavallo (see Square of National Gallery of Modern
the Quirinal).
Art, ii, 257.
Monte Citorio, Palace of (see " Navicella," Giotto, ii, 203.
under Palaces).
Neptune, i, 230 ii, 169.
Monte Testaccio, i, 91, 92.
Neptune, Temple of
(see
Moses, i, 25, 26; ii, 208.
under Temples).
ii,
190.
59
ii,
Index
Neio,
263-265;
251,
197-
i,
201,
Zeus of
Otricoli (see
2.
Aqueduct).
Baths of (see under Baths).
Circus of (see under Circi).
Colossus of (see Colossus).
" Nerva," ii, 189.
Nerva, Forum of (see Forum
Palaces
First,
139.
26, 55,
i,
97
Cenci,
63.
i,
Doria, i, 103.
Farnese, i, 63, 251.
Farnesina, i, 63 ii, 251.
Lateran, i, 107, 258 ii, 3-5,
ii,
i,
Numa, i, 138.
Nymphaeum of
252
ii,
13.
Acilius,
i,
Day,"
Sciarra,
Spada,
i,
i,
i,
119.
59.
St.
i,
199.
Venantius,
ii,
55-
ii,
17, 21.
Ostia,
i,
Otho,
i,
1,
172.
108,
in,
140-190,
203,
204, 217, 228, 229, 255.
Palatine Hill (see under Hills).
Palestrina, i, 229.
Paliano, Duke of, i, 224.
Palmyra, i, 225.
112,
169.
i,
245.
60, 63.
ii,
i,
30.
220.
36.
Odeum, The,
i,
Monte
Porticos).
Octavius, i, 26.
" Ode to St. Cecilia's
25.
Margherita,
Opimius,
192, 195.
i, 63.
63, 64, 66.
i,
Corsini,
74-
Normans, The,
ii,
i,
Cancelleria,
ii,
Niger
Stone ").
Nile, The,
Otricoli).
under Houses.)
91.
ii,
Pisan (Niccolo
203.
Lapis " (see " Black
"
ii,
Acilian, i, 25.
Barberini, ii, 72, 250.
Caesars', i, 152, 178, 182197; ii, 196. (See also
Transitorium).
Pisano),
(see Claudian
Aqueduct of
Nicholas the
Nicholas the
107
i,
11.
1,
ii,
295
130,
ii,
195.
Index
296
Columns).
265.
Pasquino, i, 52, 56, 59, 114.
Paul the Fifth, ii, 69.
Paul the Fourth, ii, 85.
Paul the Third, ii, 124.
Peace, Forum of (see under
i,
Barberini,
236
Bocca
i,
76, 212, 230,
76.
della Verita, i, 90.
ii,
Fora).
Peace, Temple of (see Basilica
of Constantine).
Pearl Dealers, Arcade of (see
Arcade).
Campidoglio, i, 104.
Cinquecento, ii, 63.
Colonna, i, 38, 42, 45.
Pergamon, School
174.
" Perseus,"
of,
Canova,
ii,
170,
ii,
rium),
ii, 86.
255.
Pertinax, i, 218.
Perugia, ii, 213, 214.
Perugino, ii, 213, 214.
" Christ," ii, 85.
" Madonna and Child,"
Pietra,
i,
Four
ii,
Athena
i,
233-
Terme,
212
i,
Tribune,
ii,
ii,
i,
ii,
ii,
55.
199.
9.
66.
31.
258.
of the Parthenon,"
146.
"Zeus,"
i,
74.
ii,
47.
i,
ii,
(Circo Agonale),
Popolo,
102;
and
"
76.
i,
i,
Navona
234-
"Madonna
Pheidias,
Farnese,
218.
Piety,
Temple of
(see
under
(see
under
Temples).
Pilate,
Pilate,
ii,
59, 60.
House of
Houses).
Pincian Gardens (see under
Gardens).
Pincian
Gate
(see
Porta
Pinciana).
Index
Appia
" Doryphoros,"
Del
"Hera,"
Pompey, i,
ii,
72, 93,
102.
101;
94,
ii,
Santo
tres).
(see
Ponte
Rotto).
ii,
104.
Argonauts, i, 199.
Uanaids, i, 191.
Margaritaria (see Arcade of
the Pearl Dealers).
Minucia, i, 71.
Octavia, i, 30, 66.
Pompey,
"
Spirito,
Porticos
150.
i,
30.
190.
Poussin,
120;
i,
Praetextatus,
i,
ii,
182, 255.
170.
Praxiteles,
154, 190.
Pons Triumphalis,
i,
216.
i,
86,
Sebastiano
(Porta
Appia), i, 245, 247 ii, 32.
149.
149, 182.
ticos).
i,
(Flaminian
27, 233.
185.
San
16.
.fEmilius
i,
Romana, i,
San Giovanni, i, 257.
San Lorenzo, ii, 63.
San Paolo (Ostian Gate),
Pons
Popolo
Gate),
ii,
ii,
ii,
i,
220.
28.
229.
Pollajuolo Brothers, ii, 127.
"Polyhymnia" (Statue) i, 119.
Polykleitos, ii, 149, 150, 181,
190.
" Diadumenos,"
257.
i,
123.
ii,
San Sebastiano).
(see
Asinaria,
297
153,
"Aphrodite,"
"
Cupid
153.
" (see Eros).
ii,
79-
Pretorian
Camp, The,
i,
218.
Index
298
Pretorian Guard, The,
172,
i,
178, 218.
Princess
Pauline
Statue, Canova,
Priscilla,
ii,
Priscilla,
" Sistine
234.
32.
(see
" Transfiguration,"
under Catacombs).
Protestant Cemetery, The
i,
97ii,
140.
i,
ii,
Priest)
i,
100,
of
the
118,
138,
141, 151.
41.
ii,
(Dres-
238-240, 249.
Regia, The (House
High
195.
Pythagoras,
Madonna"
Borghese,
i,
Catacombs of
Protogenes,
63, 64
ii, 17, 18, 77,
103, 140, 211,
213, 214, 228.
Guido,
Reni,
229.
102.
ii,
i,
64;
ii,
250,
225;
ii,
250,
i,
252.
"Aurora,"
i,
252.
" Beatrice
Cenci,"
ii,
73,
100, 250.
ii,
76.
" Resurrection,"
19, 38,
"Deliverance of
ii,
St. Peter,"
ii,
ii,
Sylvia,
ii,
Rhodes,
174.
Rienzi,
i,
255.
i, 181.
School
of,
ii,
170,
Ristori,
i,
ii,
234.
237-238.
"Madonna di Foligno,"
i,
104.
32.
Romagna, The,
ii,
Roman Circus
Maxim us).
Roman Forum
ii,
26.
(see
Circus
(see
Forum
Romanum).
ii,
238, 239.
Reynolds,
Rhea
234
228.
" Fire in the Borgo,"
Loggie,
Perugino,
214.
234.
ii,
in.
ii,
Roman Ghetto
Romano,
(see Ghetto).
Giulio, ii, 237.
Index
Senate House
Senate House).
Roman
Romulus,
i,
(see
*99
Church
of
Churches).
Andrea
Sant'
(see
under
della
(see
Valle,
under
Churches).
Romulus,
Ss. Apostoli, Church of (see
under Temples).
under Churches).
Romulus, Tomb of, i, 164.
Romulus, Wall of (see under San Clemente, Church of (see
under Churches).
Walls).
Santa Constantia, Church of
Romulus Augustulus, ii, 6.
(see under Churches).
Roselli, ii, 212.
Rospigliosi Family, The, i, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme,
under
(see
of
Church
225.
Churches).
Rospigliosi Palace (see under
Romana,
Francesca
Santa
Palaces).
under
(see
Church of
Rossetti, ii, 211.
Churches).
Rostra, The, i, 171, 172, 173,
San Giorgio, Cardinal, ii, 208.
177.
Velabro,
in
San Giorgio
Rostra Julia, i, 129.
under
(see
of
Church
Rubens, ii, 252.
181, 190
Ruskin,
i,
Russia,
ii,
Sacred
Ss.
25.
233, 243.
Way, The
(see
Via
in
tistery of the
Church
of
under
(see
Sammonicus Serenus,
San Adriano, Church
le
Mura
San Lorenzo
of
Church
Lucina,
in
(see
under
Churches).
Gardens).
i,
San Giovanni
Churches).
Sacrai).
Salvini,
of
Churches).
215.
Church
161.
of (see
i,
San Lorenzo
Church of
in
Miranda,
under
(see
Churches).
3oo
Index
San
Pietro,
Church of
(see
Pietro
Church
in
of
Montorio,
under
(see
Churches).
San Pietro
in Vincoli,
(see
i,
68.
ii,
59-
246.
i,
Marble
Screens,
174.
"
(Plutei)
i,
Secular
culares).
Senate, The,
i,
204.
i,
60.
Church
i,
162, 167
ii,
56.
Seneca, i, 144.
Septimius Severus,
San
Serapis,
of
House
of
under
(see
Temple
i,
197.
of (see under
Temples).
Servius Tullius,
Servius,
Churches).
Santo Spirito Gate (see Porta
Santo Spirito).
Saracens, The, ii, 13.
87, 182,
Arch
Houses).
Septizonium, The,
Sebastiano, Church
(see under Churches).
i,
216.
Capito-
line Hill).
under Churches).
San
Saturn, Hill of
i,
Wall of
Walls).
Seti the First, i, 26.
Sette Sale, i, 202.
Suetonius, i, 199, 200.
ii, 217.
Shelley, i, 64, 97, 98, ior, 239.
" Shepherd Martius " (Sculpture), i, 120.
Ind ex
Shrine of Vesta,
Sicily,
i,
Stadium of Domitian,
191.
56 ii, 74.
Stanze of Raphael,
27.
ii,
Sienkiewicz,
Signorelli,
ii,
39.
212.
ii,
212,
ii,
and
Bacchus,"
ii,
17.
i,
227-
ii,
ii,
8,
27.
190.
Silius,
30,
i,
"Life of Moses,"
213.
" Silenus
301
Arch
Silversmiths,
The,
of,
21.
Churches).
St.
St.
St.
37
St.
St.
i,
ii,
190.
259;
ii,
161,
ii,
Spada
Palace
133.
(see
under
Palaces).
Stadium, The
drome).
(see
Angelo, Castle
Anthony,
of (see
Hadrian).
of
ii,
244.
Hippo-
Catacombs of
Calixtus,
(see
under Catacombs).
St. Catherine,
ii,
St. Cecilia,
St.
165.
Soracte,
36,
i,
St.
Museum),
of,
", 3-
Mausoleum
Cecilia,
ii,
84.
Church of
(see
under Churches).
St. Chrysostom, ii, 124.
St. Clement, ii, 51.
St. Clement, Church of (see
under Churches).
St. Constance, Church of (see
under Churches).
St. Cosmus, i, 156.
St.
Cyriaca,
St.
Damiamus,
ii,
St. Francis,
ii,
Helena,
ii,
St.
64.
i,
156.
239, 244.
23, 120.
Index
3 2
" St. Jerome,"
St.
John,
John
Sts.
ii,
Subura, The,
217, 239.
43, 239.
and Paul,
ii,
Church
Matthew,
" St.
Michael," by Guido,
ii,
76.
St. Nicholas,
103.
St. Paul,
31
i,
Convent
of,
ii,
>
of,
i,
1,
i,
36, 42.
68, 211
ii,
2,
>
under
Church of (see
Churches
San
Statue
of,
Tomb
of,
i,
ii,
Pietro).
36.
15, 87, 91, 116,
124, 133.
St.
St.
St. Sebastian,
" St.
ii,
39, 244.
Sebastian," Perugino,
i,
Stephen,
i,
264
204.
St.
Thomas,
ii,
211.
Tabularium, The,
i,
3,
113,
i,
108,
Tarentum,
Tatius,
178.
ii,
Tarsus, ii, 1.
Tasso, i, 224
103.
ii,
122.
i,
.flisculapius,
ii,
65,
i,
82.
i,
151, 156.
Apollo, i, 191.
Augustus, i, 135.
Castor and Pollux,
i,
121,
126, 129, 131, 170, 177.
Claudius, i, 265, 271.
Concord, i, 3, 168, 169.
Cybele, i, 189.
Fortuna Virilis, i, 80.
Hercules,
Hope,
i,
Isis,
31.
i,
Janus,
234St.
69.
Temples
;
ii,
1.
ii,
2,
St. Peter,
Syria,
Symmachus,
ii,
244.
ii,
Onofrio,
St.
169, 170.
70.
ii,
i,
56, 117, 203,
204.
Sulla, i, 16, 29, 172, 248.
Sulpicius Maximus, G., i, 119.
i,
i,
31.
71.
71, 159.
Juno Moneta,
Juno Sospita,
Jupiter
i,
i,
112, 113.
71.
Capitolinus,
108, 111-113.
i,
143.
i,
20,
Index
Marcus Aurelius,
Mars,
Mars
Mater
247.
Ultor,
38.
i,
i,
204.
Matuta
Round Temple
cules),
i,
(Vesta,
of Her-
i,
151.
Sun,
i,
i, 115, 116.
121, 123, 124, 170,
i,
225, 226.
Vespasian,
(in
252.
"
ii,
244.
Madonna and
Saints,"
" Sacred
252.
Arch of
Tivoli,
Tepula Aqueduct
i,
(see
under
Aqueducts).
Terence, ii, in.
Theatres
Balbus, i, 30.
Marcellus, i, 30, 67, 70.
Pompey,
i,
ii,
244.
i,
Forum Boarium
Vesta, in
i,
31.
Vesta
Sacred City,
172.
Serapis,
256.
stantine).
Piety, i, 71.
i,
ii,
the
207.
Saturn,
Pius
of
i,
Romulus,
"Lion of Lucerne,"
"Tomb
i,
Minerva,
33
i,
ii,
63,
i,
54,
66, 70.
248.
Tomb
Tomb
of Pius
Thorwaldsen,
Tomb
Tomb
the
Stuarts," Canova,
di Selce, i, 253.
Tor
Seventh,
127, 256.
of Romulus, i, 164.
"
of
The Last of the
ii,
ii,
255.
Index
34
"Torso"
Belvedere,
ii,
178,
181, 187.
Tower
208.
Varro, i, 164.
Vasari, ii, 84.
Vatican Library,
1 1 1
Vatican
of
Vatican,
The
under
(see
Palaces).
under
(see
Fora).
Tramontana, The,
i,
" Transfiguration,"
ii,
under
(see
Museums).
umns).
Forum
ii,
Museum
31.
Raphael,
"
ii,
Tullianum
(see
Prison).
Tullus Hostilius,
of
under Temples).
Veronese, Paolo, ii, 245, 246.
" Dream of St. Helena," ii,
(see
i,
Tusculum, Count
122, 162.
of,
i,
31
ii,
12.
the,
ii,
"
246.
Bella,"
La
ii, 245.
Verres, i, 22, 125, 129.
Verrocchio, ii, 212.
Vespasian, Emperor,
i,
156,
266.
153. 177-
ii,
49.
Vandals, The,
154.
i,
142.
i,
::
Index
54,
3, 32,
ii,
Via
Via
Via
Via
Via
Via
Bonella,
i,
1.
i,
203.
Via della Salara,
dell'
i,
124,
Arco
46, 103.
de Pietra, i, 47.
de San Lucia in
bella,
i,
253.
i,
163.
i,
Condotti,
Via
Appia Nova,
Cavour,
305
Selci,
i,
Villas
Borghese,
go, 102.
i,
della
i,
21, 230, 233;
217, 243, 246, 249.
Colonna, i, 224.
ii,
Ciam-
Doria Pamphili,
54.
Field,
i,
28.
i,
ii,
115.
201, 202.
Hadrian,
Ludovisi,
115;
i,
ii,
70.
219, 220.
219.
i,
i,
263
ii,
Apostles,"
Victor
ii,
ii,
Emmanuel,
i,
i,
36, 53
i,
93.
190.
92, 182,
4, 92, 185,
Servius Tullius,
73.
60.
Romulus,
139-
212.
Walls
Aurelian,
ii,
i,
202.
"Wolf
of
the
Capitol"
(Bronze), i, 119, 120.
"Wounded Amazon,"
ii,
190.
Index
36
"
Young
Italy,"
ii,
23.
"
"
Zeus of Otricoli,"
ii,
Zenobia,
i,
52.
Zeuxis,
ii,
195.
Zmaragdus,
i,
125.
ii,
145.
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