Phn II: Qu trnh v thit b truyn khi.

Tnh cc thng s c bn ca thit b (thp a) chuyn khi lm vic p sut kh

quyn (760 mmHg) chng luyn hn hp hai cu t nc v axit axetic ; m bo
cc yu cu v nng sut tnh theo hn hp u v thnh phn nguyn liu, nh y.
Cc yu cu c th nh sau:
GF=4170kg/h , aF = 27% , aP=97% , aw= 2%
1- Xc nh nng phn mol v lu lng [kmol/h] ca nguyn liu, sn
phm nh v sn phm y.
2- V ng cn bng trn th x y.
3- Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp, ng lm vic v s a l thuyt ca
thp.
4- Xc nh ng knh, s a thc t v chiu cao c bn ca thp.
5- Xc nh nhit nh, y v v tr a tip liu ng vi trng hp
nguyn liu vo thp trng thi si.
K hiu:
Nc : A
MA = 18 [g] ;
ts = 100 ;
axit axetic :B
MB = 60 [g] ;
ts = 118,1 ;
y cu t d bay hi hn A l NC
Thnh phn cn bng lng hi ca hn hp Nc- Axit axetic:
X 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Y 0

9,2

16,7

30,3

42,5

53

62,6

71,6

79,5

86,4

93

115,
4

113,
8

110,
1

107,
5

105,
8

104,
4

103,
3

102,
1

101,
3

100,
6

118,
1

1. Xc nh nng phn mol v lu lng [kmol/h] ca nguyn liu, sn phm

nh v sn phm y.
- Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho c thp: (cng thc IX.16 [4])
F=P+W
Hay GF = GP + GW
(1)

10
0
10
0
10
0

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho cu t d bay hi: (cng thc IX.17 [4])
FxF = PxP + WxW
GFaF = GPaP + GWaW
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra:
GW
GF
GP

a P aW a F aW a P a F

GP GF

a F aW
0,27 0,02
4170
1097,37 [kg/h]
a P aW
0,97 0,02

T (1) suy ra:

GW = GF GP = 4170 1097,37 = 3072,63 [kg/h]
- Nng phn mol trong hn hp u: (cng thc VIII.1 [4])
aF
0,27
MA
18
xF

0,552
aF
1 aF
0,27 1 0,27

MA
MB
18
60
[phn mol]
Nng phn mol trong sn phm nh:
aP
0,97
MA
18
xP

0,99
ap
0,97 1 0,97
1 aP

18
60
MA
MB
[phn mol]
Nng phn mol trong sn phm y:
aW
0,02
MA
18
xW

0,064
aW
1 aW
0,02 1 0,02

18
60
MA
MB
[phn mol]
- Khi lng mol trung bnh:
p dng cng thc : M = xMA + (1 x)MB
trong :
M : khi lng mol trung bnh [kg/kmol]
x : Nng phn mol
MA,MB : Khi lng mol ca 2 cu t A, B
ta tnh c:
Trong hn hp u:

MF = xFMM + (1 xF)MT = 0,552.18 + (1 0,552).60 = 36,816

[kg/kmol]
Trong sn phm nh:
MP = xPMM + (1 xP)MT= 0,99.18 + (1 0,99).60 = 18,42 [kg/kmol]
Trong sn phm y:
MW = xWMM + (1 xW)MT= 0,064.18 + (1 0,064).60 = 57,312
[kg/kmol]
- Lu lng tnh theo kmol/h:
G
4170
F F
113,27[kmo l/h]
M F 36,816

X 0

G P 1097,37

59,57 [kmol/h]
MP
18,42

GW
3072,63

53,61 [kmol/h]
MW
57,312

2. V ng cn bng trn th x y.
(S liu bng IX.2a 147 [4])
5
10
20
30
40

Y 0

9,2

115,4 113,8 110,1 107,

5

118,
1

16,7

30,3

42,5

50

60

70

80

90

100

53

62,6

71,6

79,5

86,4

93

100

105,
8

104,
4

103,
3

102,
1

101,
3

100,
6

100

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

3. Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp, ng lm vic v s a l thuyt ca thp.

a. Ch s hi lu ti thiu Rmin:
xF = 0,552 [phn mol] yF* = 0,672
Ch s hi lu ti thiu Rmin c xc nh da vo cng thc: (IX.24 [4])

Rmin

x P y *F
0,99 0,672
*

2,65
y F x F 0,672 0,552

b. Ch s hi lu thch hp Rth v Nlt:

- Ch s hi lu lm vic thng c xc nh qua ch s hi lu ti thiu theo cng
thc (IX.25 [4]):
Rth = b.Rmin
trong b l h s d, thng ly t
1,2 2,5
- Ta lp bng s liu sau xc nh Rth:
b
Rth
Nlt
Nlt(Rth + 1)

1,4
3,71
32
150,72

1,6
4,24
26
136,24

1,8
4,77
26
150,02

2,0
5,3
25
157,5

2,2
5,83
24
163,92

2,4
6,36
23
169,28

- Da vo bng s liu trn ta lp c quan h Rth vi Nlt(Rth + 1) theo th sau:

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

- T th Rth - Nlt(Rth + 1) ta xc nh c Rth = 4,24 vi s a l thuyt Nlt = 26,

trong s a on luyn l 18 v on chng l 8.

c. Phng trnh ng lm vic:

- on luyn: (IX.20 [4])

yO

Rth
x
4,24
0,99
x P
x
Rth 1
Rth 1 4,24 1
4,24 1

yO 0,809 x 0,189
y

- on chng: (IX.22 [4])

trong f

yU

Rx f
f 1
x
xw
Rx 1
Rx 1

F 113,27

1,9
P 59,57

Rx f
f 1
4,24 1,9
1,9 1
x
xw
x
.0,064
Rx 1
Rx 1
4,24 1
4,24 1

 yU = 1,172x 0,011

4. ng knh thp D, s a thc t Ntt v chiu cao c bn ca thp H:

a. ng knh thp D :
ng knh thp c xc nh theo cng thc
D 0,0188

g tb
y . y tb

,m

[II - 181]

Trong :
gtb: lng hi trung bnh i trong thp, kg/h.
(y.y)tb: tc hi trung bnh i trong thp, kg/m2.s
V lng hi v lng lng thay i theo chiu cao ca thp v
khc nhau trong mi on nn ta phi tnh lng hi trung bnh cho
tng on.
1. ng knh on luyn:

a. Xc nh lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn:

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn tnh gn ng bng
trung bnh cng ca lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca thp v
lng hi i vo a di cng ca on luyn.
g tb

g d g1
2

, kg/h

181]
Trong :
gtb: lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn, kg/h.
g: lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca thp, kg/h.
gl: lng hi i vo a di cng ca thp, kg/h.
* Lng hi ra khi nh thp:

[II -

g = GR + Gp = Gp(Rx+1)

[II

181]
g = 1097,37(4,24 + 1)
g = 5750,22 kg/h
* Lng hi i vo on luyn:

Lng hi g1, hm lng hi y1 v lng lng G1 i vi a th nht

ca on luyn c xc nh theo h phng trnh.
g1 = G1 + G p

(1)

g1.y1 = G1.x1 + Gp.xp

(2)

g1.r1 = g.r

(3)

[II

182]

Trong :
y1: hm lng hi i vo a 1 ca on luyn, phn khi lng.
G1: lng lng i vi a th nht ca on luyn.
r1: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a.
r: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra khi nh thp.
x1 = xF = 0,552 phn mol tng ng vi 0,27 phn khi lng
r1 = ra.y1 + (1-y1).rb

[II

182]
Vi ra, rb: n nhit ho hi ca cc cu t nguyn cht l Nc
va Axit axetic t01 = tF .

120
115
110
t

105
100
95
90
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

T x1= xF = 0,552 tra th trn ta c t01 = tf = 103,8 0C

Vi t01 = 103,8

C ni suy theo bng I.212 trong [I 254] ta c;

ra rH 2O 2246,34

kJ/kg.

rb rC 2 H 4O 2 410,31

kJ/kg. (tra th hnh I.65-stay 1)

r1 = 2246,34.y1 + (1 - y1).410,31

r1 = 1836,03y1 + 410,31 kJ/kg.

r = ra.y + (1 y).rb

[II

182]
Vi ra, rb: n nhit ho hi ca cc cu t nguyn cht l Nc va
Axit axetic t02 = tp. T xp = 0,99 tra th lng hi trn ta c tp
= 100,1.
y: hm lng hi i ra khi nh thp, phn khi lng.
y = yp = 0,993 phn mol ( suy ra t xp= 0,99 phn mol)
i ra phn khi lng:
y

0,993.18
0,977
0,993.18 (1 0,993).60

Vi t02 = tP = 100,10C ni suy theo bng I.212 trong [I 254] ta

c:
ra rH 20 2256,41

kJ/kg.

rb rC 2 H 4O 2 418,68

kJ/kg.

r = 2256,41.0,977 + (1 - 0,977).418,68

r = 2214,14 kJ/kg.

Thay cc gi tr tnh c vo h phng trnh trn ta c

g1 = G1 + 1097,37
g1.y1 = 0,27G1 + 1097,37.0,977
g1(1836,03y1
+
5750,22.2214,14=12731792,11

410,31)

Gii h phng trnh ta c:

g1 =12479,97

kg/h

G1 = 11382,6 kg/h
y1 = 03322

phn khi lng

Thay y1 = 0,3322 vo r1 ta c:
r1 = 1836,03.0,3322 + 410,31= 1020,24 kJ/kg
Vy lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn l:
g tb L

g d g 1 5750,22 12479,97

9115,1
2
2

kg/h.

b. Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh

* Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi c tnh theo

y
tb

Trong :

y tb1 .M A (1 y tb1 ).M B

22,4.T

.273

, kg/m3.

[II - 183]

MA MB: khi lng phn mol ca cu t Nc va Axit axetic

T: nhit lm vic trung bnh ca thp, 0K.
ytb1: nng phn mol ca cu t 1 ly theo gi tr trung
bnh
y tb1

Vi
y d1
y c1

y d1 , y c1

y d1 y c1
2

[II - 183]

: nng lm vic ti 2 u mi on thp, phn mol.

= yp = 0,993 phn mol

= y1 = 0,3322 phn khi lng

i sang phn mol ta c:

0,3322
18
y c1
0,6238
0,3322 1 0,3322

18
60

y tb1

y d1 y c1
2

phn mol

0,993 0,6238
0,8084
2

phn mol

Nhit trung bnh on luyn:

.ttbl=

t F+t
2

103,8+100,1
2

=102=3750K

Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi i vi on luyn

l:
ytb L

y tb1 .M 1 (1 y tb1 ).M 2

22,4.T

.273

 ytb L

0,8084.18 (1 0,8084).60
.273 0,847
22,4.375

kg/m3.

* Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha lng

a tb
1 a tb1
1
1
xtb xtb
xtb
1

, kg/m3

[II - 183]

Trong :
xtb

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng, kg/m3.

xtb1 , xtb2

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca cu t 1 v 2 ca pha

lng ly theo nhit trung bnh, kg/m3.
a tb1

: phn khi lng trung bnh ca cu t 1 trong pha lng.

atb1

a F a P 0,27 0,97

0,62
2
2

phn khi lng

Vi ttb=1020C, ta c
xtb1 956,5

xtb2 954,4

kg/m3.
kg/m3.

Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng trong on luyn l:

atb 1 atb1
1
1
0,62 1 0,62
xtb xtb1
xtb2
956,5 954,4
xtb 955,7

Tnh ytb

kg/m3

Chn thp a li, lm vic u n (ng knh l 2,5mm, chiu cao

ng chy chuyn trn a 10 12 mm, thit din t do ca a 12,8%).
Thng ly tc lm vic ytbkhong 80 90% tc gii hn gh:
(IX.111 [4])

gh 0,05.

xtb
ytb
[m/s]

trong ytb, xtb l khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi v pha lng ca
on luyn.
Vy,

gh 0,05.

xtb
955,7
0,05.
1,6795 [m/s]
ytb
0,847

Tc lm vic ytb c ly bng 0,9.gh, nn:

ytb = 0,9.1,6795 = 1,512 [m/s]
T cc thng s gtb, ytb, ytbtnh c, ta c ng knh on luyn bng:

DO 0,0188

g tb
9115,1
0,0188.
1,505 [m]
y . y tb
0,847.1,6795

Quy chun ng knh Do= 1,6 [m]

ng knh on chng:
a. Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp
g ' tb

g ' n g '1
2

[II - 182]

Trong :
gn: lng hi i ra khi on chng, kg/h.
g1: lng hi i vo on chng, kg/h.
V lng hi i ra khi on chng bng lng hi i vo on
luyn (gn= g1) nn ta c th vit:
g ' tb

g 1 g '1
2

[II - 182]

Lng hi i vo on chng gl, lng lng G1 v hm lng lng xl

c xc nh theo h phng trnh cn bng vt liu v cn bng
nhit lng sau:
G1 = g1 + Gw
G1. x1 = g1.yw + Gw.xw

[II

- 182]
g1.r1 = g1.r1
Trong :
r1: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca
on chng.
xw: thnh phn cu t d bay hi trong sn phm y.
r1: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a trn cng ca
on chng.
Ta c:
Gw = W = 3072,63kg/h.
xw = 0,064 phn mol tng ng vi 0,02 phn khi lng
y1 = yw xc nh theo ng cn bng ng vi xw = 0,064
phn mol.

yw = 0,113 phn mol.

i y1 = yw = 0,113 phn mol ra phn khi lng ta c:

y '1 y w

0,113.18
0,0368
0,113.18 (1 0,113).60

phn khi lng

r1 = ra. y1 + (1- y1).rb

[II 182]

Vi ra, rb: n nhit ho hi ca cc cu t nguyn cht t 0 = tw.

Vi xw = 0,064 tra th ta c tw = 1150C. T t0 = tw =1150C ni
suy theo bng I.212 trong [I 254] ta c.
ra 2215,86
rb 355,88

kJ/kg.

kJ/kg.

=> r1 = 2215,86.0,0368 + (1 - 0,0368).355,88

r1 = 424,33 kJ/kg
Thay vo h phng trnh trn ta c:
G1 = g1 + 3072,63
G1. x1 = g1.0,0368 + 3072,63.0,02
g1.424,33 = 12479,97.1020,24
Gii h phng trnh trn ta c:
g1 = 30006,28 kg/h
G1 = 33078,91 kg/h
x1 = 0,0352 phn khi lng
Vy lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng l:
g ' tb C

g1 g '1 12479,97 30006,28

21243,13
2
2

kg/h.

b. Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh:

* Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi c tnh theo:
y
tb

y tb1 .M A (1 y tb1 ).M B

22,4.T

.273

, kg/m3.

[II - 183]

Trong :
MA MB: khi lng phn mol ca cu t Nc va Axit axetic
T: nhit lm vic trung bnh ca thp, 0K.
ytbc: nng phn mol ca cu t 1 ly theo gi tr trung
bnh
y tbC

Vi

y d1 , y c1

y d1 y c1
2

[II - 183]

: nng lm vic ti 2 u mi on thp, phn mol.

y d1
y c1

= y1 = yw = 0,113 phn mol

= y1 = 0,8084 phn mol

y tbC

y d1 y c1
2

0,113 0,8084
0,4607
2

phn mol

Nhit trung bnh on chng:

.ttbc=

t F+t
2

103,8+115
2

=109,4=382,40K

Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi i vi on

chng l:
ytbC

ytbC

y tb1 .M 1 (1 y tb1 ).M 2

22,4.T

.273

0,4607.18 (1 0,4607).60
.273 1,296
22,4.382,4

kg/m3.

* Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha lng

a tb
1 a tb1
1
1
xtb xtb
xtb
1

, kg/m3

[II - 183]

Trong :
xtb

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng, kg/m3.

xtb1 , xtb2

: khi lng ring trung bnh ca cu t 1 v 2 ca pha

lng ly theo nhit trung bnh, kg/m3.
a tb1

: phn khi lng trung bnh ca cu t 1 trong pha lng.

atb1

a F a1'

Vi a1: nng phn khi lng ca pha lng a di cng ca

on chng.
Ta c: a1 = x1 = 0,0352 phn khi lng
a tb1

a F a1' 0,25 0,0352

0,1426
2
2

phn khi lng

ng vi t0 = 109,40C. Ni suy theo bng I.2 trong [I-9] ta c:

xtb1 950,95
xtb2 941,08

kg/m3.
kg/m3.

Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng trong on chng l:

atb 1 atb1
1
1
0,1426 1 0,1426
xtb xtb1
xtb2
950,95
941,08

 xtb 942,47

kg/m3

Vy,

gh 0,05.

xtb
942,47
0,05.
1,348 [m/s]

ytb
1,296

Tc lm vic ytb c ly bng 0,9.gh, nn:

ytb= 0,9.1,348 = 1,2132 [m/s]
T cc thng s gtb, ytb, ytbtnh c, ta c ng knh on chng
bng:

DU 0,0188

g tb
21243,13
0,0188.
2,19 [m]
y . y tb
1,296.1,2132

Quy chun ng knh : DU= 2,2 m

Nh vy ta xc nh c ng knh on chng DU = 2,2 [m] v luyn DO = 1,5
[m]

b. S a thc t Ntt :
S a thc t c tnh theo cng thc: (IX.59 [4])

N tt

N lt
tb
trong :
Nlt s bc thay i nng hay s a l thuyt
tb hiu sut trung bnh ca thit b:

tb

W F P
f ,
3

(IX.60

[4])
-

l bay hi tng i ca hn hp:

y * 1 x
.
1 y * x

(IX.61 [4])
hh nht ca hn hp lng [N.s/m2]:

lg hh x. lg A 1 x lg B

A nht ca cu t A ph thuc nhit xt

B nht ca cu t B ph thuc nhit xt
Ti nh thp:
xP = 0,99 [phn mol]; yP* = 0,993 [phn mol]; tP = 100,1 [oC];
suy ra:
= 1,43 A = 0,28374 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.110 [3])
B = 0,43 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.101 [3])

lg hh x P . lg A 1 x P lg B
lg hh 3,545
hh 0,2849 [10 -3 Ns / m 2 ]
Vy, ta c:
. = 0,41

P= 61%

(ngoi suy th hnh IX.11 [4])

Ti v tr tip liu:
xF = 0,552 [phn mol]; yF* = 0,672[phn mol]; tF = 103,8 [oC];
suy ra:
= 1,663
A = 0,27412 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.110 [3])
B = 0,42 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.101 [3])

lg hh xF . lg A 1 x F lg B
hh 0,33186 [10 -3 Ns / m 2 ]
Vy, ta c:
. = 0,552

F = 57%

(ngoi suy th hnh IX.11 [4])

Ti y thp:
xW = 0,064 [phn mol]; yW* = 0,113 [phn mol]; tW = 115 [oC];
suy ra:
= 1,863
A = 0,245 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.110 [3])
B = 0,35 [10-3 Ns/m2] (ngoi suy bng I.101 [3])

lg hh xF . lg A 1 x F lg B
hh 0,3421 [10 -3 Ns / m 2 ]
Vy, ta c:
. = 0,64

W = 54%

(ngoi suy th hnh IX.11 [4])

T cc gi tr P, F, Wtm c, tbbng:

tb

61 57 54
57,33%
3

Vy s a thc t l:

N tt

N lt
26

46 [mm]
tb 0,5733

S a on luyn : 18/0,5733 = 32 [mm]

S a on chng : 8/0,5733 = 14 [mm]

c. Chiu cao c bn ca thp:

H N tt . H d 0,8 1,0

[m]
(IX.54 [4])

trong Hd khong cch gia cc mm

chiu dy ca mm,
Chiu cao on luyn:
vi s a on luyn: Nttl=32

ng knh DO=1,6 m, chn Hd=450mm, = 4mm - chn theo bng

IX.4a

HO= Ntt.(Hd + )= 32.(0,45+0,004)= 14,528 14,6 m

Chiu cao on chng:
vi s a on luyn: Nttl=14
ng knh DU=2,2 m, chn Hd=550mm, = 4mm - chn theo bng
IX.4a
HU= Ntt.(Hd + )= 14.(0,55+0,004)= 7,756
Chiu cao ton b thp:
H= HO + HU + 0,9 = 14,6 + 7,8 +0,9=23,3

7,8 m

24[ m]

5.Nhit nh, y v v tr a tip liu ng vi trng hp nguyn liu vo

trng thi si:
T th t x,y, ta c th xc nh d dng nhit nh, y v v tr a tip liu
ca thp:
tP = 100,1 [oC], tW = 115 [oC], tF = 103,8 [oC].

120
115
110
t

105
100
95
90
0

20

40

60
x

80

100

120