Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design of A Parallel Tube Heat Exchanger
Design of A Parallel Tube Heat Exchanger
The Exchanger
Benzene
180 F
7500 lb/h
100F
Water: 70F
5 ft/s
The Design Equation for a Heat Exchanger
Q H = UA
T 2 T 1
ln
T 2
T 1
= UAT lm
Problem
Find the Required Length of a Heat Exchanger with Specified Flows:
Turbulent Flow in Both Streams
The design constraints are given in the schematic above. We show this as
a countercurrent configuration, but we will examine the cocurrent case as
well. The benzene flow is specified as a mass flow rate (in pound mass
units), and the water flow is given as a linear velocity. Heat transfer
coefficients are not provided; we will have to calculate them based on our
earlier discussions and the correlations presented in earlier lectures.
The inside tube is specified as "Schedule 401-14 inch steel."
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Sc = D2 /4 = 0.0104 ft2
(cross-sectional area for flow)
Qh = U o Ao Tln
ln r o / r i 1
U o = r1 1 +
+r
k
o roh o
ih
A
ln r o / r i
1
1
U o Lo =
+
+
2k
h o Ao / L
h i Ai / L
= R
b = 52.3 lbm/ft3
Cp = 0.45 BTU/lb-F
C
Pr = pb = 5
k b = 0.085 Btu / h ft F
kb
b = 0.39 cP = 0.39 1 = 8.1 x 10 6lb f s / ft 2
1000 47.88
= 2.6 X 104lbm/fts
Tb = 140F
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Nu =
h iD i
= 0.023 Re 0.8 Pr 0.3 = 337
kb
hi = 249 Btu/hft2F
The heat transfer area per unit length is
Ai
= (0.115) = 0.361 ft 2/ft
L
A
h i Li
= 249 (0.361)
= 0.011 h ft F / Btu
Doi = 0.138 ft
and
Dio = 0.172 ft
D eq = 4
2
D 2i,o D o,i
/4
D i,o + D o,i
Given the water velocity of 5 ft/s, we can solve for the water flow rate
Tout = 99F
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Re
VD eq
62.4 lb m /ft 3
(5 ft / s) 0.034 ft
32.2 lb m f/lb f s 2
4
=
=
2
x
10
1.67 x 10 5 lb f s / ft 2
ho = 1270 Btu/hft2F
The external area/length is
A0
= (0.138) = 0.434 ft 2 / ft
L
A
h 0 L0
= 1270 (0.434)
= 0.00181hftF / Btu
Conduction Resistance
The last term in the equation for the overall heat transfer coefficient is
ln r 0 / r i
= 0.00116 h ft F / Btu
2k
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
The overall resistance is
Lecture 20
ChE 333
wall
water
Log-Mean T
Tln =
Heat Load
Qh = wCpT
= 7500 (0.45) (180 - 100) = 2.7 x 105 Btu/h
Heating Rate/unit Length
Q h UA
=
Tln = (R) 1 Tln = 3640 Btu / h ft
L
L
Given the heat load, we can calculate the length of tubing so that
5
Qh
2.7
x
10
L =
=
= 74 ft
3640
3640
Lecture 20
ChE 333
T 2 T 1
ln
T 2
T 1
= UAT lm
The heat loads are identical, the Overall Resistances to heat transfer (UA)-1
are no different since the film coefficients do not change, but the Tlm are
different.
Counter current
Co-current
T1 (water) = 99
T1 (benzene) = 180
T2 (water) = 70
T2 (benzene) = 100
T1 = 81
T2 = 30
T1 (water) = 70
T1 (benzene) = 180
T2 (water) = 99
T2 (benzene) = 100
T1 = 110
T2 = 1
Tln = 51
L = 74
Tln = 23.2
L = 163 ft
There are two observations to be made. First that the tube length required
for co-current flow is more than twice as long. Secondly that the approach
temperature for co-current flow becomes diminishingly small.
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Questions
Question 1.
To have a single concentric pipe heat exchanger 73 ft. long may be
impractical. Why ?
Question 2.
What are the alternatives and can you make a rapid evaluation of the their
requirements ?
Question 3.
What if we use more tubes, do I need more area ? How do I estimate the
number of tubes and the required area for a single pass heat exchanger.
Question 4.
If we use more tubes, should we specify the tubes to be smaller. Why?
How do we estimate the effect ?
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Question 1.
To have a single concentric pipe heat exchanger 73 ft. long may be
impractical. Why ?
Where do I put a 73 ft. piece of pipe ? Can I fold it up? Can I cut it into
shoter pieces and have them in parallel. ?
Question 2.
What are the alternatives and can you make a rapid evaluation of the their
requirements ?
One alternative is to cut the pipe into 12 equal length, place them in a
header and put a shell around the bundle of tubes.
Question 3.
If we use more tubes, do I need more area ? How do I estimate the number
of tubes and the required area for a single pass heat exchanger.
If we use N identical tubes, Renew = Reold /N since
Re =
UD
Q
=
4D
Lecture 20
ChE 333
Question 4.
If we use more tubes, should we specify the tubes to be smaller. Why?
How do we estimate the effect ?
When we introduced the use of multiple tubes, we decreased the Re to
significantly reduce the internal film resistance. We can then use similar
arguments in decreasing the tube diameter, but we have the following
consequences
1. we reduce the area/length for heat transfer.
2. we increase the Reynolds number and the heat transfer coefficient
3. we increase the pressure drop
4. we make it harder to clean
Lecture 20
ChE 333