Autodesk Authorised Training Centre

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Autodesk Authorised Training Centre

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,8/ 15  Birou

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Orice desen din AutoCAD poate fi executat la scara 1:1 setnd limitele desenului la dimensiunea

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mobilierul, folosind comenzile Line L Circle, GHILQLQG SXQFWHOH vQ

FRRUGRQDWH DEVROXWH UHODWLYH L SRODUH

3HQWUX D PUL SRVLELOLW LOH GH RULHQWDUH DOHJH L R QRX RULJLQH D VLVWHPXOXL GH FRRUGRQDWH

Coordinate Sistem) OHJDW GH R HQWLWDWH H[LVWHQW

UCS (User

Comenzi noi
ucs
line
undo
circle
mirror

Procedura de desenare
1.

Open... din meniul derulant File L VHOHFWD L ILLHUXO OFFICE.DWG

directorul LEVEL1 SHQWUX D vQFUFD GHVHQXO FH FRQ LQH SODQXO ELURXOXL SH FDUH VH YD OXFUD

$OHJH L RS LXQHD

din

Simbolul UCS n sistemul de coordonate WCS

3URLHF LD SODQ D ELURXOXL HVWH DILDW vQ PRG FXUHQW vQ VLVWHPXO GH FRRUGRQDWH

WCS (World
Y al simbolului de
PDL MRV $FHVW VHPQ LQGLF GLUHF LLOH D[HORU X, Y L Z n sistemul de coordonate curent. Se pot defini, de
FWUH XWLOL]DWRU QRL VLVWHPH GH FRRUGRQDWH QXPLWH UCS (User Coordinate System), caz n care "W"-ul
H[LVWHQW SH EUD XO D[HL Y dispare.

Coordinate Sistem)

DFHVWD SXWkQG IL LGHQWLILFDW GXS WXO H[LVWHQW SH EUD XO D[HL

'DF VLPEROXO HVWH DILDW vQ RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH FRRUGRQDWH FXUHQW DWXQFL YD DSDUH R PLF FUXFH

OD ED]D DFHVWXLD 'DF DFHVW LFRQ QX SRDWH DSDUH vQ RULJLQH GH H[HPSOX DYH L PULW R ]RQ D GHVHQXOXL
DSDUH vQ LPDJLQHD GDW VLPEROXO

LDU RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL QX

UCSXOXL

YD DSDUH LPSOLFLW vQ FRO XO GLQ

VWkQJD DO HFUDQXOXL LDU FUXFHD GH OD ED]D OXL QX YD IL DILDW 6HQVXO SR]LWLY DO D[HL
vQDIDUD HFUDQXOXL 3WUDWXO GLQ FRO XO
HVWH DILDW GDF D[D

VLPEROXOXL

UCS

HVWH DILDW GDF D[D

HVWH RULHQWDW vQVSUH HFUDQ 2ULHQWDUHD D[HL

Z va fi implicit orientat

HVWH VSUH XWLOL]DWRU L QX

HVWH PDL SX LQ LPSRUWDQW OD

GHVHQXO SODQ ' GDU GHYLQH LQGLVSHQVDELO vQ FD]XO GHVHQHORU WULGLPHQVLRQDOH ' 'LQ DFHVW SXQFW GH

vedere, simbolul UCSXOXL

desenele 3D.
2.

0LFD L

mouse-XO

SRDWH OXD GLIHULWH IRUPH GDU HOH YRU IL GHVFULVH GHWDOLDW vQ H[HUFL LLOH SHQWUX

L YHULILFD L GDF DILDUHD FRRUGRQDWHORU HVWH IFXW vQ PRG GLQDPLF vQ SDUWHD

GH MRV D HFUDQXOXL vQ OLQLD GH VWDUH 'DF HOH QX VXQW DFWXDOL]DWH OD ILHFDUH VFKLPEDUH GH SR]L LH D

mouse-ului, se poate activa modul coord

SULQ DSVDUHD WDVWHL

F6

0XWkQG FXUVRUXO vQ FRO XO GLQ

GUHDSWD VXV DO HFUDQXOXL SXWH L REVHUYD F OLPLWHOH GHVHQXOXL VXQW IRDUWH PDUL

H[HFXWDW OD GLPHQVLXQHD UHDO.

Q DFHVW H[HUFL LX HVWH SUHIHUDELO V DOHJHP RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH UHIHULQ

desenul fiind

vQ FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD MRV DO

FRQWXUXOXL ELURXOXL $FHDVWD SHUPLWH V FUHD L QRLOH HQWLW L OD GLVWDQ H VSHFLILFDWH UHODWLY ID

origine.
3.

UCSXOXL vQ FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD

meniul derulant Tools alegnd UCS L Origin.

6WDELOL L QRXD RULJLQH D

GH QRXD

MRV DO ]LGXOXL H[WHULRU PXWkQG FXUVRUXO vQ

Autodesk Authorised Training Centre

UCS, VHOHFWD L FRO XO GLQ VWkQJD MRV DO ]LGXOXL exterior al
ELURXOXL IRORVLQG RS LXQHD Intersection a modului de prindere (Shift L EXWRQXO GLQ GUHDSWD DO
mouse-ului). UCSXO HVWH DILDW DFXP vQ SXQFWXO VSHFLILFDW LDU DEVHQ D OLWHUHL W" din simbolul
VX DUDW F Y DIOD L vQ VLVWHPXO GH FRRUGRQDWH SURSULX L QX vQ WCS.

([HUFL LXO QU 

3HQWUX D GHWHUPLQD SR]L LD RULJLQLL QRXOXL

Pentru a denumi noul UCS se alege din meniul derulant Tools RE LXQHD UCS L comanda
Named UCS..., RE LQQGXVH IHUHDVWUD GLQ ILJXUD  6H VHOHFWHD] 8&6XO *NO NAME*, se
FOLFKHD] vQ FkPSXO Rename To:, VH WHUJH *NO NAME*, se introduce numele noului UCS (de
exemplu COLT  VH FOLFKHD] SH EXWRQXO Rename To: VH REVHUY PRGLILFDUHD QXPHOXL 8&6
XOXL L VH LHVH FOLFkQG EXWRQXO OK. Din fereastra comenzii Named UCS... se poate alege oricare
UCS pentru a fi setat ca fiind cel curent.

Figura. 1

Simbolul UCS n sistemul de coordonate propriu

La crearea unui nou UCS

VLPEROXO VX DU WUHEXL DILDW vQ RULJLQHD VLVWHPXOXL GH FRRUGRQDWH FXUHQW

$FHDVWD VH SRDWH FRQWUROD SULQ DSDUL LD XQHL PLFL FUXFL OD ED]D UHVSHFWLYXOXL VHPQ 'DF

UCS-ul nu a fost

DILDW vQ QRXD RULJLQH YHULILFD L PDL vQWvL GDF H[LVW VXILFLHQW VSD LX SHQWUX DFHDVWD 9HULILFD L DSRL GDF

este bifat Icon Origin n submeniul UCS al meniului derulant Options. In acest submeniu, nebifarea
RS LXQLL Icon DUH FD UH]XOWDW QHDILDUHD VLPEROXOXL UCS.
Introducerea coordonatelor n AutoCAD
/D H[HFXWDUHD XQXL GHVHQ vQ $XWR&$' XQHOH GDWH VSHFLILFH HQWLW LORU WUHEXLH LQWURGXVH SULQ

FRRUGRQDWHOH ORU $FHDVWHD SRW IL GH H[HPSOX SXQFWXO GH VIkULW DO XQHL OLQLL FHQWUXO L UD]D XQXL FHUF
3R]L LD SXQFWHORU SRDWH IL VHOHFWDW IRORVLQG

mouseXO

GDU vQ PXOWH FD]XUL HVWH PDL XRDU

VSHFLILFDUHD FRRUGRQDWHORU LQWURGXFvQG YDORULOH GH OD WDVWDWXU Q $XWR&$' VH SRDWH VSHFLILFD XQ SXQFW

prin coordonatele sale absolute, relative sau polare.

Coordonate absolute
6H SRDWH LQWURGXFH XQ SXQFW WDVWkQG YDORULOH FRRUGRQDWHORU VDOH ; L < ID

GH VLVWHPXO GH UHIHULQ

curent care poate fi UCS sau WCS &HOH GRX YDORUL YRU IL VHSDUDWH GH R YLUJXO 'H H[HPSOX SHQWUX D
specifica un punct de coordonate x = 4.5 L y = 8.2, WUHEXLH WLSULW 4.5,8.2. Un punct 3D este definit prin
valorile lui X, Y L Z ca n exemplul 2.5,7.5,1.6.
Coordonate relative
8QHRUL HVWH SUHIHUDELO VSHFLILFDUHD XQXL SXQFW SULQ FRRUGRQDWHOH VDOH UHODWLYH ID

GHILQLW DQWHULRU

FDOFXOXOXL FRRUGRQDWHORU VDOH ID

GH VLVWHPXO GH UHIHULQ

GH XQ SXQFW

FXUHQW 7DVWvQG # vQDLQWHD

unui set de coordonate AutoCAD-ul va considera punctul ca fiind relativ la ultimul punct introdus. De
H[HPSOX GDF VIkULWXO XQHL OLQLL HVWH vQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH 10,10 atunci, specificnd un punct @5,8,
D L LQWURGXV SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH DEVROXWH 15,18.

Autodesk Authorised Training Centre

([HUFL LXO QU 

Coordonate polare

 GHILQLUHD XQXL SXQFW FXQRVFkQG GLVWDQ D ID  GH XOWLPXO SXQFW LQWURGXV

 GH FHOH GRX SXQFWH FX GLUHF LD D[HL X. Aceasta se poate face
introducnd coordonatele polare; caracterul # YD DUWD F SXQFWXO HVWH GDW UHODWLY LDU < va specifica
unghiului. De exemplu, @50<35.5 UHSUH]LQW SXQFWXO SODVDW OD GLVWDQ D 50 L XQJKLXO GH 35.5 grade cu
GLUHF LD D[HL X, ID  GH XOWLPXO SXQFW
Q XQHOH FD]XUL HVWH QHFHVDU

L XQJKLXO SH FDUH vO IDFH GUHDSWD GHILQLW

Unghiurile n AutoCAD sunt specificate n grade zecimale, iar

0 JUDGH HVWH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH RUHL 3 de pe cadranul
unui ceas, cu sensul pozitiv n sens invers acelui unui ceasornic.

SR]L LD XQJKLXOXL GH

$FHDVWHD VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ GLDJUDPD DO WXUDW  0RGXO GH DILDUH D

XQJKLXULORU GLUHF LD XQJKLXOXL

L VHQVXO SR]LWLY SRW IL PRGLILFDWH FX

comanda units.

4. Pentru a desena biroul din figura 2, VHOHFWD L FRPDQGD Line din meniul derulant Draw. 7UDVD L
conturul desenului cu o linie din punctul de coordonate 2200, 4700 ID  GH RULJLQHD QRXOXL UCS.
Aceste valori vor fi tastate la primul prompter al comenzii Line (n zona Command: L VXQW
HYLGHQ LDWH SULQWUXQ SXQFW vQ ILJXUD 2 $VLJXUD LY F PRGXULOH grid (F7), snap (F9) L ortho
(F8) sunt activate (on IRORVLQG IDFLOLW LOH RIHULWH GH DFHVWHD SHQWUX D FRPSOHWD ELURXO FRQWUROkQG
GLPHQVLXQLOH GXS

 D HFUDQXOXL 'DF GRULP V WUDVP

 C (close) la prompterul To point:. AutoCAD-ul va produce

FRRUGRQDWHOH DILDWH vQ SDUWHD VXSHULRDU

XQ FRQWXU vQFKLV VH WDVWHD]

automat linia de nchidere.

'DF

 D L FRPLV R JUHHDO vQ WLPSXO WUDVULL FRQWXUXOXL FRPDQGD Undo din meniul derulant Edit
 XOWLPD FRPDQG UHYHQLQG OD HWDSD DQWHULRDU GLQ SURFHVXO GH GHVHQDUH

DQXOHD]

)LHWXO GLQ ILJXU

SRDWH IL GHVHQDW vQ PRG VLPLODU SRUQLQG GLQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH

L DFHVW SXQFW HVWH vQJURDW vQ ILJXUD

1200,4700.

2.

Figura. 2

5.

Circle din meniul derulant Draw

2700,5900
LQWURGXFH L UD]D FHUFXOXL FDUH vQ DFHVW FD] HVWH 250.

Center Radius;

3HQWUX D GHVHQD VFDXQXO VHOHFWD L

FX RS LXQHD

LQWURGXFH L FHQWUXO FHUFXOXL vQ SXQFWXO GH FRRUGRQDWH

$XWR&$'XO Y

$YH L GHMD GHVHQDW

YD FHUH V

DFXP R VWD LH GH OXFUX FXSULQ]vQG XQ ELURX ILHW L VFDXQ SR]L LRQDWH vQ

FRO XO GLQ VWvQJD VXV DO ELURXOXL

6. Folosind comanda Mirror din meniul derulant Modify

RS LXQHD window RE LXQH LPSOLFLW SHQWUX VHOHFWDUH

SXWH L RJOLQGL HQWLW

L

vQ GHVHQ )RORVL L

OD YHUVLXQLOH  L  GH $XWR&$'

VHOHFWD L FHOH WUHL DUWLFROH GH PRELOLHU L FRQILUPD L WHUPLQDUHD VHOHF LHL FX

Enter de pe mouse.

$OHJH L SULPXO SXQFW DO OLQLHL GH RJOLQGLUH vQ SDUWHD GH VXV D ]LGXOXL IRORVLQG RS LXQHD GH SULQGHUH

Midpoint (Shift

L EXWRQXO GLQ GUHDSWD DO

mouse-ului). Al doilea punct al liniei de oglindire este

 L FX FRPDQGD Mirror DYH L vQ PRG

PLMORFXO S U LL GH MRV D ]LGXOXL /D FRSLHUHD XQXL JUXS GH HQWLW

 D DFHVWXLD Q

RS LRQDO SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D WHUJH RELHFWXO LQL LDO S VWUkQG GRDU LPDJLQHD vQ RJOLQG

Autodesk Authorised Training Centre

 LQWDFW DD F DSVD L Return> pentru a
confirma implicit NO la ntrebarea Delete old object?.

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FD]XO GH ID



GRUL L V

 OVD L

VWD LD GH OXFUX RULJLQDO

Figura 3

'XS

7.

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5HSHWD L FRPDQGD DQWHULRDU

L RJOLQGL L FHOH GRX

VWD LL GH OXFUX vQ SDUWHD GH MRV D ELURXOXL FX

Ortho activat, se alege (cu

midpoint) primul punct al liniei de oglindire la mijlocul peretelui din dreapta, iar pentru al doilea
OLQLD GH RJOLQGLUH SHUSHQGLFXODU

SH SHUHWHOH GLQ GUHDSWD &X PRGXO

SXQFW FOLFD L vQWUXQ SXQFW RDUHFDUH GH SH SHUSHQGLFXODUD SH DFHVW SHUHWH

8.

3HQWUX GHVHQDUHD SHUH LORU GHVS U LWRUL GLQWUH VWD LLOH GH OXFUX IRORVL L FRPDQGD
GH

vQFHSXW

vQ

PLMORFXO

SHUHWHOXL

GH

VXV

YH]L

GHVHQXO

GH

UHIHULQ



Line cu punctul

,QWURGXFH L

SXQFWHOH

XUP WRDUH vQ FRRUGRQDWH UHODWLYH WDVWvQG # vQDLQWHD FRRUGRQDWHORU QFKHLD L FRPSDUWLPHQWDUHD

biroului din stnga sus prin introducerea punctelor @0,-3000 L #-3500,0.

9.

'HVHQD L FHO ODOW SHUHWH GH

midpoint

GLYL]DUH

FRRUGRQDWHOH UHODWLYH L SRODUH #0,2500,

10.

6DOYD L GHVHQXO FX FRPDQGD

Exit.

ELURXOXL

DO ]LGXOXL GLQ SDUWHD LQIHULRDU

vQFHSkQG

GLQ

SXQFWXO

GH

PLMORF

RS LXQHD

D HFUDQXOXL LDU FHOHODOWH WUHL SXQFWH LQGLFDWLOH SULQ

@1500<45, @2700,0.

Save As L GkQGX, XQ QXPH SUVL L HGLWRUXO GH GHVHQDUH FX