Q: Mr.

X is a 67 year old gentlemen complained of progressive blurring

of vision. Mr. X stated that initially the blurring of vision can be
corrected with glasses but the power would change rapidly that would
cause a frequent change of glasses. He was experiencing increased
glares especially when he was in brightly lit environment and with
incoming headlight in the nights.

1) State 2 ocular sign you want to elicit and its reason? (2m)

Reduced visual acuity

RAPD +ve- indicative optic nerve lesion / diffuse macular
involvement (cataract + RAPD = very guarded prognosis after
cataract extraction)

2) What is your likely provisional diagnosis? (1m)

Age-related (senile) cataract
3) State 2 systemic causes that can lead to the conditions above? (2m)

Diabetes
Other metabolic disorder ( galactosaemia & hypocalcaemia)
Systemic drug (particular steroid & chlorpromazine)
Systemic syndromes ( Downs, Lowes)

4) State 3 surgical intervention that can be done for Mr. X and explain
briefly? (3m)

Extra capsular cataract extraction

Intra capsular cataract extraction
Phacoemulsification

5) What are the possible complication of the surgical intervention for

the condition above? (2m)

Iris prolapse
Retinal detachment
Vitreous loss
Endophthalmitis

Any wrong answer or addition of a more correct answer do inform via

amirin93@gmail.com, thank you