Nanna

ma b

Banyere ime-ime nd nke osisi

nke
Fechner

Leipzig 1921 nkwusa nke Leopold Voss

dnaya.
N'okwu mmalite
I. nd nke ihe
II. More n'ozuzu g r
III. The j ajj
IV. Teleological ihe
V. Agwa nke osisi
VI. Osisi nw na -Leid
VII. Ajj nke nnwere onwe
nke Asat. Ibu, winches, ekwe, na-agbagkwa nke osisi
IX. marcha mmeghar nke osisi
X. Teleological counterarguments
XI. At nd d teleology nke osisi
XII. Egosiputa osisi na m anman
nke Iri na At. d n'otu na centralization nke osisi organism
XIV. Maka nkwa banyere n'usoro ochichi nke osisi mkpr obi
XV. Atnyere atmat
XVI. Na agba na isi
na Asaa. Maliteghara
XVIII. A ole na ole random echiche

Okwu mmalite.
M ekwupta na amuworom fd na-akpata nchegbu, na-ezi dreamy ptara, emi
odude ke udo eke ebe isiokwu nke m ga-ekpuchi folgends na oge maka nkwurta
okwu ah, b ebe nd ok mkpali nke na Itie oge bla, bna ma bgh na tt
udo, anya na mmas e juptara ebe nile na na ikwu ka akpkwa nke ukwuu mkpa
kara ya iji wuchaa. Achgh m chere na na-amalite n mgbe-n'iru-nu na stillest oge
ntakwu okooko osisi now ka da nke ifufe, nwere ike kwatu ltestbewurzelte ebo
kwere kpachara anya mmta na a oge ebe loudest olu mmad chtara ya ike mkpa na
nke b na ya ikwu ot ah. Edemede a kemgbe ogologo oge d njikere na-abagh
uru.
Ot d, m ozugbo na-ag, d ka na tt numbness ala olu na-nr niile mma, na
s mgbe a drum na-erugh ya ala. The ujo na n'ijuanya nt d nk, na-akpte n'ra
na-ehi ra.Ugbu a, m mara na gbmgbm nke oge na-adgh kpaliri na ihu ma nke
ala olu nke okooko osisi; ma ha enwegh ike chm an nd a olu? Ruo ole mgbe ka
any nt b nombu aka, ma b kama ogologo oge b na na-gbasiri agbasi aka;
bkwa ugbu a agagh na-ad mfe kpaliri z site na nd a furu efu olu nke n'oge uto,
ala z na hr banye da na mkpt ma b agw nd? Ee, m onwe m
ekwesgh ekwes mgbe m ewere ya na ya ga-ekwe omume na-az nt wuruwuru,
nkt egwuregwu ga-eme n'oge ebe a ga-tt fa d ka tupu encroached aghta ihe
at si na a hr na-eto eto oge na ihe mma ga-otu bch nke ma d ka na-eme
site nili na-ama audible na rollers sinks ochie?
N'ihi na nke a echiche, nke m agbal gba m onwe m, wee echiche b na, n'ihi na
mgbe mb akwadogh akwado nke iwe nara gh zeitgeist, ma br na bgh
appeased, ma tawa dt na ya ike, na ogologo oge nke ije onwe ya na-ama ebe a na d
mkpa ime mgbanwe na fduru ihe mere a aba az nwere ike pta on were d j
dmma ebe a na-nabatara. Agagh tt bna nke nd na-kwara uzu na wa nke nd
mmad ike, ozugbo d ka n'oge na-adgh ach izu ike ebe na a d iche iche n'wa, na
e kere eke nd na-ezuk na-eji nway kk si n'akk kw ya, nke na-agba ume
dgh onye ya onwe ya, dgh onye nke z , na-ekwu naan ihe d ka chr ka ya
onwe ya na-ekwu okwu? N'wa d ot ah ka m chr na-edu na-ag na ya onwe ya
chr nd nta e kere eke d n'elu-eme na-eme ka ha akuk-isi, na mgbe nd niile n
nnchianya ya, bna nke a Vlklein nke b kpamkpam ndebe. Naan nd na-, b
welcome n'ezie mkpa ka k ah.
Ma elegh anya, na-ah ch okwu aha nke akwkw a; Ot d, a hr ya,
n'ezie, nan. M na-ach otu ihe ah ka vorzusetzen obere okwu a kwesr ekwes aha,
m hr a oge n'etiti Flora na Hamadryas. Na aha yiri m ka Botany, a dt oke stiif
Antiquarian, ka na-eje ije na na nd nke osisi. N'ikpeaz ma Flora b na tracks, d ka
m na Uhland echiche gha nke Thor (p 147th 152) eson mgbe okosobode yiri ka
nwere tt ihe keugwu, nke m na-agnah onwe m, ha herzusetzen kpam kpam,
karsa ebe b na ha b ot tt zuru ezu akwkw e dere ihe nd na dnaya nke
any magazine.
"Nanna, Baldur (chi nke h) nwunye, b ifuru, ifuru wa, coinciding ha oge kacha

mma na Baldur h ach N'ihi mb na-ekwu okwu ya aha nna Nep (Nepr), button,
nwa osisi ;. ada okooko osisi button b ifuru ... na Saro-ewet Baldur hnanya maka
Nanna, mgbe na-ah ya na-acha ma mma na saa; nd undressed, na-asa ah Nanna,
anr site Baldur, b h-meptara, frischbetaute oge ntoju; na ab uri n'oge ochie nd
kas siri okooko osisi na-enwu eche mgbe n'adgh ka igirigi .. sara ya na n nke h
nd kas baa garanya, tt keisi okooko osisi nke nd-aba na njedebe d ka Baldur
e bu ozu na pyre, Nanna nnukwu na-eru uju; ik emi uz z omenala na gbajiri
agbaji obi, ma b karsa kwesr ekwes n'ihi na zerbltterte ifuru . sitere Get si
obibi (na underworld), ebe Nanna n nkt gwr na Baldur, na-eziga nd chi
nwany Frigg na Fulla onyinye, bbu nd inyom kw otu, nke ikpeaz a gold mkps
aka mgbanaka. Frigg b chi nwaany nd na-edu nd n'elu conjugal hnanya, n'ihi
ya, na-akawanye ihe kpuchiri, nke ptara d ka a baaj nke odozi ak z. Fulla,
Frigg or na obi, na virginal efeghar ntutu isi okokpon spousal Virgin, ya mere
behooves na aka mgbanaka. All na mgbaaka laedo nke Nanna ka elu-eziga nd
gbara chchr underworld ka na ebe nchekwa, na-elegh anya ihe bla ma okooko
osisi nke af n'oge okpomk. Olee Thiassis anya na Orvandils dechap mkps kw
n'okpuru kpakpando na site Friggs hausfrulichem distaff a gw kpakpando Swedish
Friggerock na-aha, nakwa d ka Ifuru ma b osisi aha chi-e: Baldur si brow, Tys
okpu agha, Thor okpu, Sif aj, Friggs ahha, ugbu a d ka baying Friggs kw Fulla
gold mkps aka. The yi egwuregwu nd Norwegian OKOOKO ha b ma ama; a
obere ma na-ekpo k n'oge okpomk na ha nwere ike too nke ma na rarer n'ba
ma dgas iche iche ... - D nn ka Thor nke z chi nwany nke mara mma ma naemepta nri oge, Freyja, Idun, Sif, b enyi ya ma na-ewe ya eme ihe, n'ihi ya, naaghagh nw Nanna, nd loveliest ch mma nke ya nd ya n'wa, Jerue nso, naegosipta imewe ihe iwe n'obi site, nachwirft ya na Dwarf udo, na-agba s na kw
ya k.Udo (Litr), agba, nd garanya, hr an na nke na n'oge okpomk nwere
na ala mgbe Baldur na Nanna nt. "
D ka na ugbu a b nzube nke akwkw a ka nwere nd na osisi na a n'ozuzu chi
animated dd egosi ka mmadu na k nke a na-aga aga ugboro eri na karsa ha na
okporo z na h chi Baldur ka ihe rba ama ma b, mkpumkpu na mfe isi dozie
ha mkpr obi ha na ha na okporo z jiri uche mata isi okwu na h; - N'ihi na ma
bgh na German dd taper now, z selbstwchsig na, oh d nn mara mma,
chr iyipu ochie ikpa isi, n'ihi ya, yiri m ochie na-ekpere ars wlsche Flora
Young German chi Nanna elegh anya ga-enye z.Nwere ya na-ama ruo ogologo
oge na nke mb nwere kw ha n n'ili ofri herbaria, na n'oge na-adgh dum mba
z n'oge ochie ga-elegh anya ike gafere na coffins nke akk izu ike. A na nwa af
spirit wa, Chineke ga-z nke Chineke wa, ka puta ka o sikwa n nd obodo ala
na Nanna ptara na mkpa nd hr heyday.
Na o na-a nti ngwta nke nsogbu any anya isi ikekwe o nwere ike ma tt egosi
na ga-adgh d ot ah a ok mgbal iji ka a mere, d ka a mere n'ebe a. N'ezie mu gaeme ka na, br na mmas nke nd z m b nke mere nn enwe ike iso, dika
hnanya nwere ihe n'onwe m. Ka dgod, ebe b na ok nj mere a echiche b
ebe a na ugbu a nakwa d ka nd nkt na nk mmta sayens na uche a nwere ihe ya
onwe ya, na isiokwu na-eme tt nd na sat na ihe onyinye, nwere mkpmkp a

gwgw izute nzube. nwere ike n'oge na-adgh ah, zkwa, na ajj na nke a
b, bgh ot ah sporadik mmas ka, d ka na ikekwe pr iyi na mb n'anya. Ma
osisi ihe esere ma b, na-agbanwe dum echiche nke dd, ma kpebie ihe a nke
ukwuu z. The dum mmiri chptara nke dd gbatr onwe ya n'nu otu, na bna
z nke na-eduga na-eweta ka h akk na aputagh na nkt obibia.
Schleiden na-ekwu na ka okwu mmeghe ya r na osisi (p 2):
"M na-agbal na-egosi ot nd Botany fr nke nta niile d n'ala ala zz nke nk
ihe mma na eke sayens kas anya na d ka fr nke nta ka bla eziokwu ma b
ibu otu ruru eru nke eziokwu, nakwa na botani d ka bla z alaka nke mmad r,
nke kas nj na -akpali ajj nd d mkpa na-edu nd mmad si an e nyewo nd
unsuspected ike karr nke mmad. "
ga-elegh anya na-eche na mgbe na-elele ihe n'akk nke osisi nd nd a d mkpa
ike nya isi na-atle ihe ezigbo n'akk b nd z nwere isi. Kwe ka m mere iji
okwu nd ah naan na mgbanwe m ide na m, kama na-ach nd n'ekpere eweta onwe
ha akwkw ihe nd any isiokwu maka nk ihe mma site mmas, kama ach nd
izute naan nnukwu, ime nke a na ike na njide onwe ga-; Mgbe m ga-kweere na imeru
ihe n'k ga-ab na irite ebe a na nke a. A okwu ole na ole n'ebe a banyere nd naeson ntinye nke Book!
Gn ka b onye tnyere t enlarge akporo nke akwkw a, b chch jik na
nkwa nke ihe nd mere any echiche nkwa nke eziokwu nd na-ekwe nkwa mgbe
na-mkpa n'ihi na mkpebi nke any ajj. na-adgh rr ka b ihe b echiche site
na nke a chktara e gbalr ebe a, ma br na ga-uz z e weere nti naan-eme
ka iwelie mmas nke enweta impacting ebe a eziokwu bna n'z nd z; kamakwa
yiri ewezuga nka obere collection nke otu, d ka a umi maka ihe bla echiche nke
osisi nd n'ozuzu, tt gagh unwelcome;na m ga-agabiga a mmas na-enwegh
banyere any na isiokwu, ma kwukwara obere ka baa garanya ihe onwunwe, a ga-d
ka a nkt ojuju chr maka otu ga-ab (mkpokta. karsa 7th, 8th, usen 9, 11 na nke
12 na ngalaba) k nke ahia na, n'ezie, kama a multiplication, hr naan otu ojiji nke
ak ha ebe a pr b ma ebe a b nan ime.
Gn ga-ab onye ikpeaz ga nke ma nke magazin a?
M Entschlage m niile uri mmeghar anya, m na-eche, ihe nd a:
Otu nwa agbgh nke m mmata nwere abgh niile cogent echiche. b ugbu a ike
b nsogbu site na-eme ihe kas mma ihe mere ka kziere ha a Triftigeren. na-ege
nt ihe ma b, na-ekwu ikpeaz nan: "albeit" na-angide nke uche.
My ihe pr b ihe ma ma b ihe j; ha ga-as elegh anya: " br na kwa!"
Ma, b ezie! - Ruo m n'obi bgh fd olileanya na pr dkara ala-mmetta
nke nwa agbgh nara aka az, nke, d ka now na-eto eto m agbgh, mgbe niile
na ya tupu a b gg isi, m ga-N'ezie-azpta bla nsogbu. Ma kwesr ga nke
ma, n'ihi ya, mgbe nile ihe mere a ga-ada admirably. N'etiti nd na-eto eto girl ma m
na-ekwu na-eto eto n'oge.
d.

August 24, 1848.

I. nd nke ihe.
Mgbe kweta ihe n'out oge niile tupu ya amara, onye maara na ihe niile na-ach ach
Chineke na-ekwusi ya omnipresence, bgh nan na-esote ma b n'elu uwa, d ka
n'ezie hr ya n'anya tt nd si ele itinye unexplained atuaha na onwe ya, ot ihe
na-aga aga nke ihe nile e kere ugbu kpomkwem site Chineke na-ama conceded na a
fd z, na e nwere ihe n'uwa dda nke a na-aga aga, dghkwa ok nkume ma
b ife ma b osisi. Ma b kwesr banyere mm Chineke rr na dd rapaara
any mm any ahu, bgh nn ka ozugbo magbuo achkwa d ka mm any,agha nke aru ayi? Mgbe ah, na-ebelatakwa Azara m otu. Ka dgod, ma br
na otu, nke N'ezie nn anagh ach ka na-eme ihe niile Chineke d ot ah
Allgemeinbeseelung dd na-ekweta, onye na-ah abgh nn onye etinye obi g
dum na mkpr obi nke madu na anumanu nime ya, ma ihu n'ime otu nd z na
nr onwe ha iche mkpr obi, na-ah jikr d ka ha b site izugbe, kas elu
Chineke d n'otu, ma ya ebutere unit onwe ya, d ka z ebutere mkpr obi nkeji
tnyere nwere; Esi gboo na sensations, elegh anya ihe karr nke ah, echiche na
volitions, nwere onwe ha, d ot ah n'z na obu ezie na onye maara mm nke naadgide nd n'ime nd niile na Nkea na nwere, na ebe niile d nd, na-ejeghar naenwe ozugbo banyere na-acha cha ha apta na ya mere mara na kpomkwem si ot
arara ha n'otu n'otu gba alkwaghm. Ma nwere ike ugbu a j ma osisi inye
uwe; ma br na ha onwe ha kwa, d ka mkpr obi mmad akpakrta onwe ha,
instincts na mmetta, ma b ma elegh anya bna kara d n'otu nke onwe ha,
elegh anya ozugbo inweta ihe mma nke maara Chineke, ma keerughi na ihe
mma nke bla z e kere eke, ma br na site mediating nkwubi okwu. br
na nke a b ot, ot ah ka osisi ga na m mmad na anman na-etolite a jikr
emegide nkume, mmiri na ikuku ak na nd z na-akp nwr anw ihe mara onwe
ha ihe bla banyere onwe ha, na-eche dgh sensations na (aghta) Ome -ejik unit
maka onwe ha, ma dabere na Chineke mkpr obi ndokwa naan na onodu nke dum
d ka gw d ka a ngalaba-onye nkwado ya.
Ma, pkwara b d iche iche. Ikekwe Chineke mkpr obi eme ihe na osisi d ka
akk, nd na-n'ozuzu dd nan d ka mkpr obi any n'ihe bla nd mmad n
n'ime ah any. dgh onye n'ime m aka na kw na-eche ma voraussetzlich ihe
maka onwe ha; naan m, mm nke ofri, na-eche ihe bla meren na ya. Na ot
tr ime nwekwara ike site na ya ka mkpr obi osisi nke ajj a, ma br na b
naan Chineke ga-ama ihe na-aga na ha, bgh ha onwe ha.
N'ihi ya dd ga-o ga-atle nke n'ozuzu na n'ike mm ns Chineke, na ajj gaeme ka ezi undecided ma osisi iji kw gw maka ya d ka nke nwere a mkpr
obi. Naan nd d ot ah n'ike mm ns ma any na-ekwu mgbe any na-ar maka
osisi mkpr obi.
N'ezie, ajj b ma osisi nwere mkpr obi ga-iputa ihe sharply mgbe, d ka na
mb mode nke onodi kwesr ekwes, abstracted site na-aga aga nke ihe nile e kere
ma b bna na-agnah ya. Mgbe ah, animated kere eke gburugburu na ike nke
dd egosi mgbe nile d ka agwaetiti na ok osimiri nke n'ozuzu soulless nwr
anw; na ajj b bna nd kpebisiri ike kara tupu: any chr ka osisi na m

anman na nd mmad on a nocturnal ok osimiri ebuli mkpr obi h ma b na

nkume na kpkp sink na otu?
Any nwere ike ugbua h nd a obodo echiche ma na-emet any isiokwu miri nn
emi na ya h iyi egwu na-edu any n'ebe d nn anya, nke mbido mkparta ka
banyere otu.Mkparta ka na Izugbe nd nke Chineke na dd, ahu na nkpuru obi
o yiri ka e kpkwaswo it nt-ala, mee nkwa kara iwu na ihe e lere iche, iche
echiche unit, nsh na ya d iche iche aka ghta na site n mmalite ka -eme ka d
mkpa. Naan ugbu a r ga-apta juputara njikere g. Ma onye na-abgh ama
gwr nke d ka mkparta ka, nke ga-adru a obere jide na-enweta? N'eziokwu, ot
ihe gbara kprkp ihe e kwuru na ot anya na d mkparta ka ah, o nwere-kar
uru na-akpkwa ime ka ha na chchr d ka ikpochap hinwego.
-Ewere nke a echiche ga-akara m a priori renunciation nke nd d ot ah omimi na
imeli z yiri ka na-agbal ka ha gbadaa ya, mere nn d ka o nwere ike d nn
ahap mgbe elu-ezukta na ya di. Otu onye nwere ike a ifuru na-elegh anya bulieenwegh egwu ala elu site na mgbrgw, na d ka ifuru, bkwa elegh anya, ihe
spade, nke na-eweta mgbe e mesr si di omimi, na-adgide adgide engraftment na
nri k-ala ubi.
Na, na, na-ab na iji Beiseitlassung nke Verfolgs na b nan ara ra echiche na
niile laa az eru mkparta ka mgbe nile, nd na-eson na-site kacha banyere r, nant nke na izugbe version nn mfe echiche, azza nke ajj mmeri, ebe a yiri
echiche n'usoro ochichi nke osisi d ka anman na unesrer a pkwara bna chere na
nke na-enwegh chr ikpebi ya n'ihu nk na ike, na ot d nn ka any nwere naeche bna anman nd yiri nke a. A ubi doro nn anya echiche nwere ike b ebe
any na-ewere ya na-ekwu okwu nke maara ihe gbasara mm nd z Nigeria d ka
onwe any, ma e wezga na nke mere nn d ka any pr ka e were any nn
analogous, d ka b onye bla z kara mkpr obi nke ya ka n ekwegasr
-ewetara ya, d ka o nwere ike fee n mba z. Na br na any na-erite na-aba
chm na nkwanye gw nke m anman na any d ka pr b na mgbe a elu
nwere ike iche na ihe ha na-egwu na ala, itiba na, n'ihi ya, b ihe z ma br na
a ala d lar, d ka anman an na-ebili n'ihi na-emecha dum, ma b mee ihe d ka
ihe ndabere nke a elu na nke a nan a ga-kwubiri.
Ya mere, any eweda onwe any n'ihu na-enwe ike iji merie ihe karr ihe d ka naat ezigbo echiche banyere mba z mkpr obi ebe. Ka dgod, mgbal nwere
ike mas iji mee ka ma na nd d ot ah obibia d ka o kwere.

Text original
Contribuu a millorar la traducci

II. General g r.
-Emekar agnah g a yiri echiche n'usoro ochichi nke osisi d ka madu na anu
nan n'ihi na otu n'ime nd mb ebe nke ikpeaz dgh an ah nzuk na okwu nke
nd analogous ezu.Ndien ke akpanik, ntnyere ah anya b nan ihe na-anchi any
na gwgw z d ka nke mmad ji iche echiche iwu, n'ihi na b a peculiarity nke
mkpr obi bla, nd z kara ka ha nwere ike hr naan site mpga ma b an
ihe rba ama, n'ihi na ha ka nkwa any na ikpeaz resotu ihe bla ma ntnyere b

na ihe any na-achta mmas mkpr obi any n'iwu. bna n'ozuzu nk ihe mma
reflections, site nke chr na-agbal ime nke a n'isiokwu na nd, ma ha ga-mgbedabere na a ntnyere; n'ihi na, bna ma br na onye a priori zi a fd ptara na
nd nd d n'wa organism ka osisi, ma d nn ike-emechi naan ha anya, mpga
omume ma br na d nn ka ha na-ezuk a ptara, nweekwa ihe achr cha na
wa organism.
M na-emechi ma na i nwere mkpr obi d ka m, naan eziokwu na d ka usoro m,
behabst mpga analg, na-ekwu okwu, wdg, site na udi, ewu, na agba, ije, da, n
ike an ah ihe rba ama; M pr h site na mkpr obi g ozugbo? M edebe ha
naan ah dum; ezi involuntarily, n'ezie; ma e nwere mgbe ihe na-abanye n'ime
kedhde. The m anman na-ah any b ezie ama d iche iche site na m
mmad, ma ha na-akpali, z, m m, iti mkpu ka na d ka any na yiri oge, nd naeme, b ezie na bgh ihe niile a nile, ma multiple nke a. N'ihi ya, any na-aghta
ha bna a yiri mkpr obi; Sere naan ihe mere site n'tle ihe ma na-enwe
nghtahie. Ma mgbe osisi any Ikwupu na mgbe ah dum na mkpr obi; na br
na any nri ime ya, a ga-enye iwu na-nan iji guzosie ike na ha na-wuru any na any
analg anman dissimilar ka behaben kwa dissimilar.
N'ezie, br na na-ach a na-ach ntnyere, iji chta mkpr obi, ot ha nwere
ike b ma na dgh ach n'ihe niile na-akparagh k. Ma bgh ya, m ga-onye
bla nke na-ach n'z fd d iche iche na-akpa gw ka m, na-ama-isiokwu namaka na-adgh nd. b ihe d nn iche animated kara m. Olee n'adgh m na
tt iberibe irighiri, ot z o na-akpa gw; ma m na-atle nke a bna n'ihi
animated on d iche iche animated kara m. ga-mere-adabere ma osisi nwere ike naat uche d ok mkpa mara na nd ah na-aga aga, any na anman nd ka na analg
na-akwanyere? Ma olee ihe ihe nd a d ok mkpa agwa? Olee nke b nke ok mkpa
nd nke na-eme ka ikwu n'z sitere m anman na akwukwo nri alaeze
mberede amap site Beseeltsein ka Unbeseeltsein ma b onye pr ina furu z?
Ekweere m na otu mere ka adaba na dgh mgbe a tlere ezu. N'ihi na ihe e
tinye n'ihu na nke a, o yiri m ka m na uche na-yie nd ziri ezi mgbe mb nwee
echiche d ka a ga-atle nri ha d nn tt ihe. Man atgb n'ozuzu yiri brkwa
echiche nke dd nke a pr chta bgh mkpr obi na osisi, n'ezie, n'ihi na o
nwere ike h mba. ma N'z d ot a, anyanw ogologo arah gburugburu wa,
ozugbo nnyocha kziiri ot ah, onye nwere ike obi ab ihe bla hr; ma wa
ugbu a b kama anyanw gburugburu mgbe naan kpebiri gbanwe ihe si ele ihe anya
n'uche. Ugbu a d nn ka pr ba bna any si ele ihe anya ka gbanwee uche
na-aghta mkpr obi nke nd na osisi na obi ruru ha nd; nke nwepuga any na
any ile mmad anya. Ma dgh ihe ike kara ka na-emeri nke ndi Israel, ozugbo
itinye nile nke onwe g n'ebe z, ma bgh nan onwe ha, ma ihe ebe a kwesiri ka
anya ebe ah. N'ihi na mgbe na-adgh ah ya onwe ya z, o na-ekwere ihe bla
ga-ah.
Agbanyegh, any nwere ike n'ihi na dgh onye juputara na-ar maka nd naegosi nke Soullessness nke osisi, ghara idebe ha n'ihi ptara juputara. Na nwere, Ot
d, iji mee ka echiche any cogently ebe a, any ga-b ihe ab b nd ziri ezi na-

enwe obi t nke nke N'eziokwu nn echez nd nkt chptara, si ot kamakwa

nile nke echiche j na-ekpughe: ap, d ka eziokwu ah b na any nke mkpr obi
nke nd na osisi na-adgh aghta nwetr ozugbo, ma bgh nwetr megide a
mkpr obi nd a otu ihe ah n'ihi ezi d ka ukwuu mgbe ah ga-d ka m na-esokwa
ruo nwanne m na bla z na-na mkpr obi onwe ya na ya: na, nke abuo, na mgbe
osisi nke mere anya d iche nke ukwuu na behaben d ka nd mmad na m
anman, bna m mmad na anman ot d iche iche anya ka onye bla z
na behaben b na i nwere ike d nn j, kamakwa aghagh, ma nke a d iche adighiaz ije na-enwegh aj mbunobi ah na-aga aga bna n'ihu.
Ndien ke akpanik, man, ozugbo iji gosi na echiche na ihe mere b r nke naeson, o yiri ka m, na lerukwuru ihe nile na mmad pr j n'otu n'z kwekr
ekwek d ukwuu d ka ngosipta nke na-aga aga, ka ha br nd na osisi nakwa d ka
na m anman ; niile iche n'etiti ab na-ewu na d mkpa phenomena kama b
naan nd kwesr ekwes na-eji nke mb na a kpamkpam d iche iche, m anman
ark ubi nke na-aga aga kwaga ma bgh izugbe ubi nke na-aga aga karr. Ma
br na fd ekwegh na mkpr obi nke osisi, n'ihi na ha amagh ihe na-eme na ya,
ot ah ka m ga-aj, n'ihi na m na uz z a nnukwu egboro diche na dd okporo
gw na-an.
, b nan elu n lebara fd isi ihe, osisi ezi d ka ma haziri, mgbe a ezi d ka
na fd gbelu, a ot d fd echiche, haziri d ka anman, haziri nan maka a d
nn iche d gbelu ; na-adgh bna na-akp mnna ma, osisi ndokwa nd, ihe
mere na-ekwu ya ugbu a ma mkpr obi si, ebe b na ga-ab nke ukwuu nearer
na-eche on a nkt ndabere nke nd na nke z gbelu nke nemegide aru nzuk
bna a d iche iche plan nke mkpr obi nzuk nke. Gn nwere kas nso nso okwu
nke nd na-enwegh mkpr obi nke ptara? br na any na rere ere osisi yiri
nwr anw, nke d iche n'ihi na d nn bi na ya? b nan z z nwr anw
usoro, na-eto eto na okooko mgbe ha rere ere? B ihe d iche d nd na nd nwr
anw osisi yiri nn ka n'etiti nd na an nd nwr anw? Ma mkpa nke a mmegide
kwesr ka d nn iche igwe: usoro nke nd osisi a mkpr obi efu sikwuoro jiri ya
tnyere otu mkpr obi efu disrepair na rere ere; usoro d nd anman na otu oge a
soulful sikwuoro n'elu efu disrepair. Ma nd sikwuoro na-ewu na usoro nke anman
na osisi b nn analogous. bna ntala nd mkpr nd na-n na-ah n'z zuru
ok analogous na ab, nd mkpr nd kere nan n'z ab d iche iche iche, agbat
n'ime onye bla gbazee, d ka d ugbua na ihe bla z na m anman, ahha
niile z d iche iche maka onwe ha; nd mode nke si malite dum cell l a mfe mb
cell site a yiri iju usoro nke cell multiplication b nn analogous na ab; n'ihi ya,
ihe nd si n'okike na-amagh na a na nkpuru na kw b nan ab d iche iche nke
otu ihe; d m m b analogous na ab 1) na bna Linnaeus nwee ike chta
dum usoro osisi on ntnyere ha mmekah; na-a play nke nd agha, nke mere nn
taworo uta ngkta oge d ka emie nke any physics na onwu, nwere ike d na ab
analogous z.
1)

Okanmuta Schleiden b m na-amalite bgh kwa siri ike n'ihi na m anya na a na

nkwupta.

"The nri ihe onwunwe adahade n'ime nd osisi na ike na ikuku, na ya nrigo otu
onye nwere ike iji tnyere ihe na-adgh na gradual a oke mmiri na nd nwr anw
osisi an ah. The h na-akpa ma na r elu nke nri ihe , kara on nke ukwu nke
bi epupta Anw na-amr mmiri mgbe a rba mmetta, na n'aka nke z yiri ka otu
akk ah mgbe ha nwr ghara ime omume; nd na-amalite irekas epupta site
n'enyemaka nke h, na carbonic acid gas, nwr anw ha anagh agbanwe ya, na
chemical mgbanwe na n'oge nd. gaba na osisi an ah d nd d nn iche kara nd
nke na-emepta na nd nwr anw osisi site mpga ike, mgbe mgbe, nke ikpeaz
nd fr nke nta na-abgh nd nke mb, mmepe na ogologo ya ma obosara, nd
orgasm na tupu njikta spam, na edemede nke. arsi r ike nd na mbrayo, b nd
na-ehi ka br na osisi nwere tt phenomena na ike ga-eweptara bla otu
kpere nkt na-akpata, ma any, d mkpa na fd, b ntnyere n'ime m anman,
nwere obere ozugbo gwara ikiri osisi, naan ka excitability nwere ike g.
" (DecandolIe, Plant physiology 19 KWESR)
Ma ihe b nn analogous ka izugbe phenomena nke ihe owuwu, na nd kpa
kw, nke mere nn unanalog na ihe nd kas n'ozuzu, ihe any na-ah b naan site
na nke a kas n'ozuzu nke ewu, na nd nke jiktara odide kpmkwem; n'ihi na any
naan cheta, b any ihe z kara na mputa nwere na-emechi na a n'ime. Kama b
dabere na a nd kwekrtara na ok mkpa ihe, ma any arapara iche akpan akpan, naekwu okwu nke osisi si mkpr obi, n'ihi na ha ugbu a na-adgh na-ewetakwa ihe
niile nkwa nke m anman; ihe ma d nn ike ziri ezi ikpebi na mkpr obi ya
anagh niile nkwa nke anman mkpr obi. Na eluigwe na ala kwesr maka
General, na vouch na otu ihe nke onye; Ma, d ka any anya na osisi now, any
kwesr pta a d iche na ihe nd kas n'ozuzu nke psyche, ikpebi-ya nile n'etiti b na
bgh ihe d iche na pr iche nke an ah.
Na mkpr obi nwere ike hazie d ka nd kas iche iche tarp ma b n'okpuru d
d iche iche, mmad na-egosi ot d iche iche osisi na-ag akk, m anman na
ot d iche iche instincts. Ya mere garanya juptara n'ime ha agakwagh shapes,
garanya juptara n'ime mettara mkpr obi configurations: onye-adabere na nd
z. Ugbu a, nwere dd nke m anman na o na-d iche iche atmat nke l naadgide nd n'ime ha agakwagh adgh agw, ma d nn na osisi a dum hr
n'gb kwukwara, ihe mere nwere ike chere any ebe, nd ikwu n'z nd a otu mgbe
na na kere eke mettara mkpr obi gbelu ngidere na arias,-ekwe omume nke
nd d ot ah ga-ebi-ab obere ok kara na corporeal, ebe b na any ma bgh
na ubi nke iche echiche formations elegh anya bna na ano kara jide ihe.
ikekwe ekweghiekwe phenomena nke osisi nd n'onwe ya dd a psychological
nkwa? Ma gn mere ka mkpr obi na-agba s ah, iti mkpu na-eri ya; -enye
bgh mkpr obi na oge ntoju gbasapr nn agbasap, keisi, nd slurping nke eriri
ha akpr kp nk, nd buds Ome ag ha na kntakt megide h ka af ju a elu
chch? Amagh m ihe na-agba s na iti mkpu ga-onwe ya tupu okooko na-esi s
t maka a franchise-at anya ga bu ya wee nke maara ihe gbasara mm r na
adgh emet ha n'ah; bgh, ot nn na petite wuru na mma gg nke d mma
n'anya osisi kwesr erugh kwesiri iburu ibe a mkpr obi, kara enweghiudi d a
ruru unyi worm? Anya onye na earthworm any soulful d ka a echefu-m? Yiri any

ya gbara chchr burrowing n'ime ala z mkpughe nke free akwadogh akwado na
adgh emet ha n'ah ka ya Empor struts site wa na serene n'gb nke h, ha
aghariigha gburugburu ebe obibi, na echiche rubbing? Ma dgh ihe na osisi b ihe
hr nye any n, haziri, mma, ngidere na-enwe. D nn ebe any na-ah almdi
mere iji merie ihe d nn hr n'ime nkpuru obi d, na ohiha kpachara anya
ewumewu, any ekwe ka nke a na almdi na mberede agaghkwa etinye, tfuo ihe
dum kara, n'ihi na dgh anya d ka nd z. Ugbu a, ebe b na osisi na-d ka
imerime efu l. Nature nwere ike b okwu ezu iji wuo nd a l, ma bgh mm
ezu iji nweta nd na ya. Mgbe bricked niile anman mkpr obi ha n'ebe obibi ha, ha
maara na ha n'ba cell-brik bgh ka na-amalite ihe, na ihe nd z na nachffendem
pastimes na efu osisi n'wa nile. Ma m na-ekwu, kama, br na ha nwere-ezu
echiche na-eme ka osisi iche-iche, ha nwekwara echiche di mkpr obi iji tinye ha na
nd a na n gg; n'ihi na otu ga-elegh anya-adru-adabere na nd z.
Ikekwe One ekwu, s: ei, ma br na Chineke mkpr obi aka na-agbasa site na
ekere uwa, nke na-ele ka n na-enm ke mgbada n'elu ya, ot ah ka osisi na-mere,
gn ma mkpr obi efu, na ha enwegh mkpr obi nke ya. The n'ozuzu mm nke
ha site f mgbe ah.
Ma, olee ot ihe vertrge na nd d ot ah absorption na Allgemeinbeseelung na
onye bla osisi na-akwadebe maka onwe ha dkarsr nta na ada na ot sonderliche
d, d ka ga-emekwa ka ihe pr iche d na ya, site na ya, n'ihi na na-eme; na d
na z ah d ka kpebisiri ike na n'otu n'otu dissolves si n'z wa; na nd d ot ah
ar-etinye on ya mgbe niile eme onwe ya ma na-ekpeghachi, Ot d, n'z yiri
mgbaaka na iche-iche na z aspta indifferent a abgh wa na mgbanwe. br
na bgh naan n'ihi nke osisi deliquescent na ok osimiri efeghar efeghar, az na
hergestoenen, bla udi na ihe bla ruru jikta nkume kwupta nn ka anman,
na any nwere ike ghara igosi ihe bla z ihe rba ama nke ya Loshebung-iheAllgemeinbeseelung? N'ezie, odu ke kpukpru ebiet Mm na-f site na osisi; ma d
ka nd z nile e kere eke, ajj b na ha n'otu n'otu obodo kwr na-mmanya. Nke
a b Chineke kas mara mma nd, na-akpa kw na onye kere eke. Ka osisi nan
Chineke penetrating spirit n'ozuzu, adgh eme ka ha livelier kara nkume na okporo,
na-apnara Chineke n'onwe ya akk nke ya rsi r ike. -Adgh ebi nd n'uche
any ike na kas mara mma ya kas onye kere? Naan na nagh kpalie nke Chineke
spirit, onwe-adgh, onwe-mmetta nd mm na-emepta. Nime ya Chineke b
Allah.
Mgbe niile, m na-ar: ma br na g ezipta ma okwu nke ezigbo njik ka
mmadu na manifold jikr nkenke mkpa phenomena na osisi anya d na m
anman, olee ihe z na-ach h n'ime ebe a na-edebanye na ngosipta nke a bi
n'otu n'otu mkpr obi, ebe b na i nwere ike h ma mgbe mkpr obi onwe
ya? Any na-ekwu okwu nke ya, ma n'ezie!Ikekwe osisi gagh enwe ike banye z
na-ag akk na, n'eziokwu; ma b naan mgbe o kwere omume iji mee ka ihe? Adgh ata ata ikekwe kpomkwem n'ime ebe a niile kwere omume, ruo n'k ha nd d
ok mkpa? d ka tt ga i nwere ga-at anya maka nd d mfe isi eziokwu nke mm
ns site na mbu, ebe b na ihe niile a ga-eje ozi Special owt pr iche z nke naaga aga.

M kwere na oak pr n'z d mfe niile armka ka ayi we chigharia particulate ihe
megide mkpr obi ha, megide any daj. Olee ot Free awakwa alaka ah
gburugburu, na-ampta akwukwo site akwukwo na chr mma na hr, mr site
onwe ya. Any na-akws nn n mpga la na-aghagh ka any ahu d ka b z. I
nwekwara ike na-eche thereto dgh ihe pr ime ka nke mkpr obi. Any naadgh agba gburugburu unu kpamkpam na dd, ha; Any na-eme ihe nd z kara
any; ma na-ekwu na oge ufodu gadding a ala nku na ikuku z maka ha Beseeltsein
d ka otu ebe r a eke si a kapr si ele ihe anya, r nke nd z, ihe karr nd r
ah n'onwe ya? Ma br na any maara na any agagh efu mkpr obi nway d
ka nd ala nku, ot any si mara ya? Kama b naan n'ihi na any b nke a kachasi
mkpa. Ma br na any amagh nke osisi na na-ad ha engines na-propel onwe ha,
ya mere adgh any si mara? Azza ya b ka d nn ka nso: n'ihi na any enwegh
nke a osisi onwe ya. N'ihi otu ihe ah, ma osisi nwere ike mgbe ah n'ihi na d ka efu
any omume nile n'wa nakwa na nkpuru obi efu jide kara mmiri. b ezie na, o
nwere ihe mere na chptara, pr omume any n'ihi na fd ebumnuche, any naeje ije d ka iwu fd mara ike na na na bgh ot kpere on ohere mpga drava
dabeere d ka kw gbala nke mmiri. Ma onye na-akpbata g na-akws, n'ihi ya,
any merie; n'ihi na bgh na-akpali osisi mgbe fd ebumnuche, d ka iwu fd
nd na-onwe ha nke awara awara random mmetta? Ma, ga-kar chr kp ha
omume d ka iwu fd megide ya Beseeltsein.Any na-ahap a n'ihi na ugbu a; M
ga-esi ya mgbe e mesr (VII).
bgh ya na-ama ihe nd kas okwu nke wa na mkpr obi b na ah na-ewu
ya d ka a bi? dgh ihe na Ot d, a mma ihe at nke a okwu d ka d nn ka ya
onwe ya na-eto eto osisi, nke any na-ah b naan site na externally anya expectant
plan of ewu internally-ewu e kere eke n'ezie; d ka b na uz z na-ewu mmad na
nke anman. A mma ihe at, ha b, Ot d, bna d ka mmad ma b anman
onwe ya, onye mkpr obi ah na-ewuli elu naan na nzuzo chchr na putara ugbo
na fr nke nta okokre dd na h; nke mere na any na-eche na ha n'z zuru
ezu ihe n'ikpe-ewu naan na chchr amagh onwe. D nn iche b osisi. Ha na-eme
ihe bla mere, na-amalite nn na-ewu nri mgbe bara h, na-emepta ngide
n'etiti, bna d ka a n'ihi nke ihe niile d nd na-agbanwe agbanwe stimuli, bna na
kas elu na chr, ntoju. Ma, gn mere kpomkwem any nwere ike nd nke osisi naachgh ka e jiri ya tnyere ihe na-amalite amalite nd, d ka fd na-eme. Kama
doro anya, ihe a abwo ebumnuche nke okike, e kwesr mkpr obi b nd dr nd
nd ha z na ihe e kere eke na imewe nke ah nke ha, na nd z si ot ah rpta
tt r n'z nd ha; a n'k nke mgbagwoju anya gbakwunye nd ha, b nd gaenye any mesr (nke Asat) ka na n'ihu echiche oge, n'ihi ya, m ga-agbaji ya ebe a.
O yiri ka m na any adgh nn cleverer b na echiche any na nd nke osisi na
dd d ka North American ime ha d iche nke mata ihe d iche kama nwoke,
nwanyi na enweghinke obu okike na ass, nd na-adgh nd akpkwa, ma ugbu a,
na- na animated Nigeria m anman na osisi, na-at anya ka na-adgh nd herbs
na nkume. Olee ihe nzuzu, any na-ekwu na any b nke ukwuu echeta ihe nd ime
ha iyi any ka n'ikewa k nke nd n'etiti osisi na herbs, d nn n'ihi na osisi a buru
ibu na-adte nd aka edu nd kara herbs.Olee ihe nzuzu, m ga-as, nke ka ub elu

kara z nke Indo-European isi na-t gba nke ikpu soulfulness onye n'etiti
anumanu na osisi, nan n'ihi na osisi n'z nd z-enye mkpr obi ya maara d ka
m anman.
Umu chr, ma br na ha b obere, na-emekar-ab a gaz ide maka a
nnn. gaz br, na ijiji bgh ot ah. Ihe any b iche na mntakr br na
any, osisi na-achgh ime ime n'ihi na animated nd, n'ihi na ha adgh ekwu okwu
ma na-eje ije.
The r ugbo na-ah ghosts n'abal, n'agbanyegh na bgh nd ebe ah n'ihi na ha
nr site na nwata ghosts na uzo n'abal; ihe any b n'adgh nd r ugbo, ma br
na any na bch na b n'an ah n'ebe ah, na-achgh h ghosts, n'ihi na any
anwo site na nwata, ha agagh ad n'ebe ah. N'ezie, b otu ihe ah nkwenkwe
gha, ma na agbara direction, chr h ghosts n'abal, na-adgh n'ebe, na mm n
bch achgh h ihe nkiri na onye.
A k ihe mma, chr nke dr na any na osisi na-enwegh mkpr obi, ga-ad
ike. Ebe b na tt nk ihe mma na usoro emewo onwe-ha na ruru ka tt nd
chere na osisi na-adgh a mkpr obi, b n'ezie nakwa site tt ugboro a gakwubiri. dgh mgbe mara na, tt nd k ihe mma amas-enye echiche na ihe
niile a priori iji gosi na ha elu onwe ha nke a si ele ihe anya nke na-egosi nan site
rgoro si n'okpuru nwere ike inwe. Ot d, ha na-Dawn n'akuku kpebisiri tt ihe
nd z site na-agbasokar nkt echiche si mgbe rutere n'elu elu ugwu ah, ka
nwere ike ekwupta onwe ha; na nnabata nke nk ihe mma echiche na isi na ajj,
ya mere, na-adighi egosi ihe karr nan ime nke nd nkt echiche banyere ihe m gaaba otu. N'ezie, na mgbe bla usoro ya kwesr doro anya, ga-ach enwegh
Pflanzenbeseelung, ga-ah ihe mere z nakwa ke njik; ma ihe na-kacha nso nso
gosiri na ihe nd ah mere, mgbe z mmekrta nwere ike melite, nke n'aka nke ya
cogency akpku aga aga nke osisi ma si ot ah z ihe mere na-acha cha. Na nso
nso na-eche nke usoro remanded ihe b cogent. Ugbu a, na nke any, nke b ike ad
nd site na-eme a wa nke mkpr obi nd, ga-eme ka mara mma kara abgh usoro,
nke le niile a mkpr obi Reich na abal yiri ka brighten site n mmalite; na br
na ma mma b nke egbe, n'ezie, nke mere na nd nkt eziokwu emeri, gbasara
Onye ah ojiji eziokwu na ma mma ke kas distrikti nd na nke nd mmeri n'ozuzu.
Dr gaba n'ime ebe nk ihe mma na aghgh, anakwa mba z na usoro pta,
mgbe obere ar we nye any. Otu ihe at nwere ike pta ihe na-enye a sample nd d
ot ah na-ar ruo n'k nke na a pr inweta obere; n'ihi na any achgh any
Vorsatze kwesr ikwes ntkwas obi, na-ahr iji zere nk ihe mma mkparta ka
kara ida onwe any na ha.
The k ihe mma b z. B. n'ihi fd antecedent echiche a d atmat na d ka
ike nd, mkpr obi, spirit akpa gw ka onye bla z, nke ab ikpeaz naekwusi aka ike na-agba alkwaghm, d ka na-eme n nd. O yiri ya nke a
mmekrita site n'k nke a fd ogbo nnyocha e mere, na site na-akp maka a
nnchiteanya nke d iche iche na ezigbo eke, ya na osisi wa na-aba ndammana a
ime mm na mkpr obi efu ogbo iguzo. Man ka elu ugwu na-anchi anya ozuzu
oke nke nile ala etoju, na-agnye na na a elu amalite.N'ihi ya ka bchagh vitality

na mkpr obi ma mm ma b ihe mere. The anman, a lar ala nwere na-enwe
af ojuju n'ihe ike nd na mkpr obi; osisi, bna otu nzkw ala, na nkt ike
nd; na crystal mgbe ah na-efu efu na werekwa ike; na-ezi nwr anw, nan dara
n'ime n'ibu usoro. The atmat doro anya na mma ma na-ewe ezigbo mma, b ezie
na m mere adgh ekwu na b na nd k ihe mma; onye bla nwere ike inwe
ya; ma ihe niile ah; ya nile aba ala otu ihe, dd rubere isi nke bla n'ime ihe
niile, na otu ihe at b d ka ihe ma d ka nd z. Ka any na-ah nyere, m kwere na
schema nke ihe na-adgh nd nd ike onwe ya naan malitere site na iwu na a-adgh
nd na osisi na uz z nwere enwegh mgbrgw n'ime eziokwu; ot i nwere ike
chr ihe bla iji gosi ya doo azu azu maka na-adgh nd na osisi. b g na nke a
tt nd chere, ot atfu ihe bla; naan merie n'ihi na mkpr obi, ebe mb
dgh onye nwere. The osisi na-now agaghkwa ebutere kpere d ka soulless Nigeria
na m anman; edi ke adianade na-ahazi d ka a d iche iche d animated Nigeria,
ma b ebutere naan na d nke na-aga aga na nke e nwere nd ka z n'ezie, naadgh agw na m anman, d ka any ga-ah n'ihu; na esereese ga-ad iche site
n'elu; na br na any d nn ka o guzo e mesa, a pr agp nakwa d ka
n'elu. Ot d, b ugbu a na-ekwe ekwe omume nke z atmat bgh edu any
tlee ya ozugbo ah ihe kwesr ekwes, na-achptabegh ma na ezigbo omume nke
osisi na-kwekr; M karsa na-eche nke a siri ike atmat, a d cha ga na
superordination mgbe nwere ike bla ajj ebe a. The mma, sharpness na neatness,
b nke d n'elu atmat, na-egosi onwe ya megide ya correctness; n'ihi kwa na hour
obula dd eme ka ya na-eme nnyocha anya na Nd ha mma, sharpness na neatness
d iche kara nd na-agbakwnye ya.
Ikekwe b ezie na e nwere nan fd nd k ihe mma na-ekweta osisi kacha
mkpr obi; Ma mgbe ah, n'ezie, naan site na ndu nke, na-eme ya mkpr obi.
dgh ihe kara osisi gw na nk ihe mma. Mgbe m na-ekwu m akk nke mkpr
obi, onye mkpr obi nke osisi, m na-aghta n'z doro anya na bgh ihe echiche
ma b ezigbo d n'otu n'etiti nke m na-aghta na multiplicity nke ha mebere
atumatu ma nd, b ezie na m na nke a pr izo aka onwe onye na-N'chpta na
aspiring d n'otu nke mkpr obi ha kachasi mkpa na-aghagh; Ma m na-ar nke a
bna n'oge na. A mkpr obi ga-agbara m n'onwe ya abgh nan ihe ngosipta, tub
ha z, na-, ma an na ak na ba nke doro anya sensations na-agak. bgh na m
nwere ya, ma enwegh m ya,-eme ka na mkpr obi. The echiche nke ihe z nwere
ike na-ach ma b na-ah na m chr ka m na-ah n'onwe ya ghara pta ihe d ka
mkpr obi m. Ya mere, ihe na-enyere osisi mgbe onye ka na chr h ihe d
ukwuu d n'otu echiche na ya ewu na mkpa phenomena na mgbe ah na-ekwu,
insofar ka nwere mkpr obi, mgbe a uto maka onwe ha, ma b na-eche, ma
nwere ike na-esi isi. Anagh m ptara na na mkpr obi nke osisi, d ka fd naeche na ya, o yiri ka m na-adgh d ya. Ma bgh d ka ma br na ihe any naat anya na nd nke mkpr obi, na osisi d ka b, ma naan potentia, ot e si
egosipta onwe ya, latent, mgbe niile na-ehi ra. Sensashion na chch na-ehi ra
na-nn mmetta na chch; na mgbe mkpr obi any nwere ike na-akp na-ehi ra
mkpr obi ma, n'ihi na ha ka na-agba nd nke reawakening sensashion na chch
n'onwe ya, dgh mgbe ga-ekwu banyere mkpr obi, ebe mgbe n'ihu ga-d ot

ah ihe na edemede. M dee ot a ka osisi mkpr obi, ot ah ka m na-amas-ekweta

Ot d, na nke a mkpr obi nwere ike da n'ra ka mma d ka nke any, ma bgh
na ha mgbe niile na-ehi ra; mgbe ah, ga-eyi ka m ka na-adgh mma na-ach
ikwu nke mkpr obi nke osisi, d ka ma br na m chr ikwu okwu nke mkpr
obi nke a ozu, ndidi ke adgh emet ha n'ah ma dgh ihe z otu ugboro anya.
Ka dgod, bgh naan nk ihe mma, nd nkt echiche na-akp otu olu
megide any, nke a otutu mmadu kwenyere na o yiri na mb n'anya ka a nn ukwuu
ibu ibu na-ad any ka kweere na-ah nk ihe mma onye na-akpata any n'ezie ikpe
dabeere onwe ya na nd nkt b ezie na mmetta nke dum d mma b a nyere ibe
ha. Anie ke otu nnyn, ya emee ka na-eche echiche nke a mkpr obi nke osisi, na
ga-enye ha ebe a d ot ah dda, ga-ele anya na nke kas d ka a dum na-abagh
uru ule. Ugbu a, na-emekwa bgh nd nwere gg isi meptara ihe on nke a
nkwekrta dabeere; a mmetta na niile myiri eweta ya site onwe ya, kama b, na
site na dgh onye maara ot nwetara ya. Ma bna na nke a yiri na-egosi na naaba site dd onwe-ya, miri emi na dd nke ihe dina bna chere na nd ya n
mmanye na n'ozuzu echiche ya na-agba ume repealed. tt, onye pr ikwu, na si
d iche iche n'akk amas t ihe any chktara onkonshiosli, na-enwegh o doo
anya dakwas any n'z zuru ezu. Ma ihe fd any nwere ike g na a na-ele ka
ot ekwerela ka ihe bla mb nwee na ha ji echiche. ga eru si n'ebe ka elu, d ka
na-apta nke ihie z mmad, na br na ihe bla ebe, ebe a ka okwu b nti, na
nd olu b olu Chineke. Adgh ka any kwenyere na nd dereinstige continuance nke
mkpr obi any n'ihi ya naan ihe fd na o nwere d aghgh mediation bgh nan
dwo mkpa ka e site echiche na-adkar na-agbasa n'ime nd niile na bna rawest
mmad? Ya mere, n'ezie any kweere na mkpr obi any ga-ad nd z, guzosie ike
nchebe, na any ga-ekwetakwa na a mkpr obi nke osisi-adgh ebi nd ugbu a. N'ihi
na ma okwukwe nhata azr-eke ork
Nke a na obibia nwere otutu nke h, na na kwesr ekwes k, n'ezie nakwa n'onye
ezi omume; Ma g mkpa d na-eme kpachara anya na ya, ma a tt nke nkwenkwe
gha pr iji ike n'onye ezi omume site na ya. One oyomde na Mozis na nd amma
na-ag Job na Ab ma, any na-ah nd Juu oge ochie b onye ka na ndgbu d ka
gafeworo ngwar ihe na nkpughe Chineke, tt nar af angide uninfluenced
kwere na a ga-eme n'dnihu nd nke mkpr obi ha, d ka any ugbu a a psychic nd
nke osisi; na onwu nke ha we site na ihe niile; na onye ha nke a nd mgbe nw,
mbilite n'nw chr ikwu okwu, a gaara ma ngidere na-enwe maka ihe nd z
nzuzu kara onye a na-ekwu okwu site na mkpr obi nd nke osisi. Ugbu a b nke a
nke ma ot ah ogologo olu Chineke, d ka b olu nd mmad? Ot d, b na
mkpr obi n'nw mesr si n'ili nke Sheol na ha: a trstlicherer okwukwe ka ghr
usoro na ya ghr olu ndim, na nke a any jide n'olu nke Chineke. Ot a kwa ka
nkpuru-obi nke osisi, nke ugbu a b n'ime ili, d ka any kwere na a ga-eme n'dnihu
okwukwe n'nw otu bch, na nkwenkwe a n'tt ebe aturu anya ka olu ndi Israel,
na izugbe kweere, nke na-esite, na-ahuta ka olu Chineke. N'ezie, na bna fd
ot ga-agbanwerr na njik, m na-at anya na obi; n'ihi na dgh ihe na-erugh eji
obi t kara any d ugbu a, megide niile mkpr obi na dd s na nd nt chiri, ya
mere onwe ya soulless, echiche nke okike.

The d aka n nt ghara tkwas uche k na-ach any nkwekrta na

Soullessness osisi ga-egosi ihe z cogent mgbe any ghtara na ihe na nke a b mba
klt any, b enwegh ka o si n'eluigwe na ala. tt nde nd Hindu na nd z
na ndu mba n'ezie jide osisi nke animated; n'ihi na ha si bia a kpamkpam d iche iche
echiche nke okike. Ugbu a, any pr n'ezie na-akwanyere ihe niile na-edina n'of
eke, d nn echeta ihe nd Hindu na nd z na-akpar mmad, br na bgh,
na-nwesr na-akwanyere ihe adagh ebe nd nke sitere n'okike, chr naan ajj
-ab.
Sakontala na-ekwu na a ma ama ejije: "M na-eche na hnanya nke a nwanne n'ihi
na osisi a"; ee, adopts ya iwu nd nke ma a osisi.
Oge ochie akwukwo iwu nke Menu 2) na bna ugbu a na-ar ikike n'ebe m
mmad niile na India, were ya ga-ah d ka nd a:
Jehovovch. I., 49. (11.) "The m anman na osisi, gbara ya gburugburu na
multiform chchr, onye n'ihi n'omume mb n'ime nsh na-eche obi t na ihe
mgbu."
Jehovovch. IV., 32. (124.) "Kwa nwe l ga-ihe ptara na ihe n'z iwu kwadoro,
na-enwegh ndibiat ezinl ya, mmetta maka ihe nile, anman na osisi-d ka, elu
idobere Nigeria."
2)

Hindu Code ma b Menu si kpr mgbe Cullucas nkwa, n'ime Engl.

Trans. Jones,-ya nime ya n'ime German site Httner. Weimar 1797th

Jehovovch. V., 40. (168.) "ahihia osisi, an l, osisi nd buru ibu, amphibians na
nnn nd nke e bibie n'ihi na aja, ba z n'wa na-elu m nwa."
Jehovovch. XI, 143. (P. 420.) "Mgbe mmad ozugbo unvorstzlicher z mkpr
osisi, tt nke herbaceous osisi, elu-s na osisi ma b nd na-eto eto mgbe e
belata oge, brhaala na ha n ntoju mgbe mebiri emebi, tidawo, gaekwughachi otu nar okwu nke Beda. "
145. " br na mmad ala akpkp ahihia di iche iche iberibe juru na wastefully,
nke b angebauet, ma b nke na-eto eto site onwe ha n'ime ok ha, ga-eje ozi a
ehi otu bch ma ihe karr nan d na-ara ehi."
146. "Site nd a penances agbr mmad nwere ike ichoputa nmehie nke mmetta
kere eke akpatara onwe vorsetzlichen ma b unvorsetzlichen mebiri." 3)
3)

The na nke Iri na Otu. Ee e 143 na nke 145 ofu penalties n'okpuru tt ihe
nd z, nke na-ofu na-egbu m anman. Ya b 144 na-ezo aka a na-egbu
m ahh, bi na mkpr, mkpr osisi na okooko osisi.

Na Meiners, akk ihe mere eme nke okpukpe (B 215), m na-ag nd na-eson

odide:
"The Talapoinen na Siam gbata ikele: egbu na anaghkwa ere d nn ma osisi na
osisi ma b osisi nke osisi d ka m mmad na anman n'ihi na ha kweere na ihe
niile nd, jikwa ike mm ns ikpochapu unu !. a osisi na-agbaji n'alaka osisi d ka
obere ka ha maim a onye. na-adgh eri achagh acha mkpr, bgh na mkpr
ibibi otu, tt obere cores onwe ha. a na nlezianya abstinence, dgh ka ha naenwegh ikike, onye na- enwe ihe nd tfuru na-enwegh nd ha mejr; bna m
anman. " (Site Loubre, Descript. Du royaume de Siam. Amsterd. 1700. L 81.)
Achr m nke a nan mgbe fd na-echeta ihe hamadryads nd agadi na mgbe a
kweere na n'ezie na-aga aga nke osisi agaghkwa chr ptara na-na gwwara, ma
nwere ike na-aba site mma nd nd d ot ah. The akpar mmad ihe ah nile
sitere n'ike mm ns na dd. Nd Ijipt na-efe osisi: "Quibus haec nascuntur na
hortis numina" na-ekwu Juvenal (Sat. XV.).
Carus nwere mere j na-ekwu (psyche p.113.): ". Ma any ka na Andren ass b
mkpr obi nke osisi dtbegh okwu"
N'etiti ayi Moderns hazie ya kr abchagh na ihe at nke nd d ot ah, b nd
kweere na a mkpr obi nke osisi.
Percival esetp ak nke osisi, ha mgbrgw ya ruo n'ebe ha na-ah kas kwes
ekwes nri, ha epupta na esiwe na gbat ruo h, n'ihi na ihe na-egosi uche, a pgh
chere na nke na-enwegh sensashion. (Transact. SoC. Of Manchest.)
Fe Smith na-ekwere na osisi sensashion na ihe b n'ihi ihe a, otu ogo obi t
pgh gp na ha na-ar ka a mkpali mmeghar z. B. na ha epupta na
stamens. (Smith, Introd. Iji botani. 2 ed. 5.)
Boneeti, Vrolik, F . Hedwig na Ludwig na-agbasagh gaa award osisi sensashion.
Martius-awfu osisi na bgh nan na mkpr obi, ma anwgh anw n'otu. (.
Martius: The anwgh anw nke osisi, a d; gwa Stuttgart 1838 ..) - m maara nke a
font unspecified.
D ka any inwe ike, mgbe tt na nn da na-ekwu okwu n'olu dara n'ime nd
na-any na-adgh mma olu ma b adighi agha agha? Ma ugbu a abatakwa naeziokwu ah b na any bna ntaramahh ihe j nd a votu z kemkwenye votu
onwe any dabeere, site na olu nke ukwuu kara eke olu ike ga-atle ka nd, m naekwu olu ab uri na a echiche uche ,Mgbe any agnah ya na mkpr obi nke osisi,
any kwesr agbanyegh ngidere na ab uri d ka n nd foto nke osisi, ka ha gwara
animated, obi na-ad comfortably agwa okwu na nd ha. N'ezie, any adgh kwere na
ghta ya, ma n'agbanyegh nke a ekwesgh ntkwas obi na-ukwuu gosiri na any
involuntarily n'ime ptara nkwenkwe a, pr ime z ma br na any adgh
mgbe niile chere na b ka a ndudue. Na now Ana m as: b kama dd any
echiche knyere na-etbede hr n'ala ma. N'ihi na n'ezie ihe Anerzogenes nd a
echiche, na n'ihi na-abaru nso okike Anerzogenes na mb na ozugbo z ya anya,
elegh anya nke ukwuu n'ime obodo; ma bgh na ha emewo nke nd d ot ah
onwe; d ka ihe mgbochi b ga-anchi anya, ebe b na ha ga-uz z nwere iputa

kar d ka any na-eme n'etiti nd mmad, nke b ala nke uwa ke z nju; Ma agbara
b eziokwu. Nke ukwuu n'ezie b n'eziokwu, o nwere otutu mfe ida mkpr obi nke
osisi kara m anman nke anya na mwep nke steeti a nke okike, n'ihi ntnyere
nd nke ikpeaz na any angide tt ihe nd z kpmkwem na nso; ma nke a b
naan na-erite, bgh ok egwu z nke ugbu a na-anchi anya ot obi d any
n'okwu a. The echiche nke heartless, osisi yiri ka h na any ot mberede, ma kpaliri
dkara ala d ka tt n'uz ebe a, d ka any mtaworo na-ele anya na ha d ka ihe ha
na-ele anya; na d nn nke a z ime mm ntule, any na-si ha ihe any kwesr
inye ha ot ah; n'ihi na n'obi ga-ab chta spirit bna ebe-agagh ahkwa anya.
N'ezie, olee ot any anya ma br na any na-eche nke na-eche echiche nke a
mkpr obi nke osisi, ebe b na any site na nwata nke osisi mgbe ha nr okwu d
ka nwere ike b nke a mkpr obi ah nke ajj a. Any na-adgh ama ikpe osisi d
iche iche nw kara Mohammedans, Nd Krast na-hell. Gn b ezi n'etiti nd nne na
nna, nd nkzi, na l alakba, na okporo m niile d ka a foregone gwgw, d ka
kwesr sinkage eto eto Muslim uche a doro anya? na-ah Giaours damnation na
ihu dere. Ya mere, any na-ak na soulless. Na Raff Natural History (page 12) M naag otu ihe na definition nke osisi: "a osisi b osisi na-etolite site wa na nd, ma
adgh enwe mmetta, pghkwa na-esi n'otu ebe gaa ebe z."Na kziiri nwa
bgh ot ah doo okwu, na-eme ma nke mere na elegh anya na-ah ihe d iche
na-eme n'etiti osisi na m anman na okwu nke na-aga aga.
ga-bna na-agwa nd nne na nwa ya nwaany kama: Lee, nwa m, ifuru ga-ad
kwa ndu-ya, nke Chineke kpugheere ya, d ka g, naan ihe n'z d iche; All okooko
osisi nwere mkpr obi, bna ma br na bgh d ka nwere gg isi d ka m
mmad, ma nn marcha; na unu enwegh ifuru ukwa mere emegh. Mgbe naeweta na wreath ma b onye a bouquet, pr ime ya; n'ihi na m anman nwere
mkpr obi, kwa; ma, Chineke nwere n'ezie ga-eri site na m mmad; n'ihi ya, o
nwere okooko osisi na-kpebisiri ike inye nd ha na-ach mmad nd ya; Onye bla
ga-emezu ebe nketa. - ka onye nkzi na-agwa m nwoke na l akwkw: The
animated Nigeria kekrta kechiifu gaa n't ab, nd na-esite na wa, osisi, na nd
b nd nwere ike ileghara aga banyere, nd a b m mmad na anman. The osisi
na-ayi b ezie na dissimilar kara m anman, ma ha ka na-eto eto na; d ka nd a
bilie, gabiga na na dd d ka ukwuu a na-eme n'ihi nzube nke ha mmezi na
mmeputakwa d ka m anman, na bna site na nd a na nd z ihe mere any gaatle ya d nn ka nke ma d ka animated m anman. Ot d, nd mmad
ekwegh mgbe niile; le, unu m, na nke a any na-emegide mb ukwuu n'ihu. - naahap mgbe niile n'etiti nd n'okpuru nke nwa kride na-na mkpr obi nke osisi d
nn jr ya mere obere na ajj d ka mkpr obi nke nd na m anman, na b
nwa aputagh na ajj ma osisi nwekwara ike b adgh nd; n'ihi na ha, kwa na
nkwanye gw nke any kas dissimilar m anman d ot ah abgh nd
meren. bna aha Animal ezu ugbu a d ka ihe m nke mkpr obi. Gn ikekereke
nd d ka nwatakr, gagh aba d ka onye okenye, mgbe osisi na-eto eto na-oge
ntoju,-angide na-esi isi ka b nwata. Ya mere, ugbu a ozugbo na nwoke.
Ya mere, na otu onye b hiere z mgbe. -ar any d ugbu a na mpaghara naekwegh na mm ns nke osisi si n'ala eke mediations, n'ihi na ga-erite ya nke ma

 dgh mere, na bawo any, any amagh ot; b a ndudue, ma br na i

nwere ike h ya n'z d ot a n'onye ezi omume. ma tt onye ohi na-aba n'abal
na-apnara any ihe any kwesr inwe n ala, na bgh ya mere na ikike. Na any
na-ah naan nso, nwekwara elegh anya h oghere ma, site na nke banyere.
Akpa, e nwere, d ka m kwuru, mmetta nke muta, nke any ji nd ekweghiekwe; ma e nwere na-angide ajj banyere ihe kenam enye sn ke onwe g? M na
uche b ka a ch na ala az tgb n'ala nke any d ugbu a n'z nke na-ach na
osisi na nwoke n'ime ihe nd mb ala nke uwa, ebe ka ji na-na-akparagh k
ntnyere dum eme dd nke sitere n'ike mm ns na nd jidesie onwe ya n'elu nri
lekwasr adazuwo na now adta abagh k ntnyere. Ebe ekere uwa ka na-ewere
sitere n'ike mm ns, n'ihi na b nn mfe na-aghta na onye mkpr obi d ka
akpan akpan incarnations nke n'ozuzu n'ike mm ns kara ebe, bilitere d ka nke
any, Chineke d nd na mm nke chi ekere uwa si ha, na-adgh nd ha ka ha
hapr. Ebe b na o weere mkpr obi nke osisi; na br na any na-eche mkpr
obi any, ma bughi enwe na enwe si ya irighiri ann nke myirta, kwa hoo
fortspnne, any ga-ayi m anman na-agnah na mkpr obi nakwa d ka
osisi. N'ihi na any ugbu a kpr b ghta n'ebe nile ot obere mkpr obi d ka o
kwere ke uwa. Science, nk, okpukpe, ozizi nd mb nwata na penetrated na nke a
obibia uwa, mta nile na ngalaba nke okwukwe na ihe mma n'ala ala aka-ya
nile. E agbanwe, ie na-agbanwe a wa. ma any cheta na ihe nd kas mepere emepe
ihe mma, naan na nsh, mgbe mgbe na-alaghachikwuru ala, na mmepe nke ihe
mma amalitela, any b nd any ugbu a obibia dd na-agagh itinye ukwuu ibu
ibu, o sina d, na ha na- a ot elu-egosi. Ma elegh anya, na ihe mere ya b
kpmkwem isi ihe a mee ka zuru ezu d nn ka na.
br na nwoke ga-emes malite ghta na Chineke, n'agbanyegh ya elu, na
ebube, ike ba uwa, site na nke mtagh anya maka akpar nd mmad, na-enwegh
Ot d, na any ah anya n'otu anya na nkwa ya nile r elu na -enwegh mere any
nd individualities nke ya dd n'ime ya; ot mfe inweta nnabata na allwrts zuru ebe
nile mkpr obi-umi onye aghgh si ya ap ta h. Ma nd d ot ah atmanya, any
agagh ezu ike ugbu a; kama, ga-onwe ya naan ide na-emeghe z na windo na ya,
na nd d ot ah a obere window ga-ede nke a site mmeghe atmanya n'ime a
blooming ubi mkpr obi.
Previous echiche e nke ka m dina fr nke nta kar ar na ihe nke nd yiri ka retune
na ya amagh ihe echiche nke nwoke ka na-nd nke osisi na dd, kama ggisi
mepere emepe na-akpata na-agnye akpan akpan; ebe b na ihe megide mkpr obi
nke osisi echiche, any na-al g, bna n'z megidere mmetta d ka o doro anya
na meptara nghta ihe nd dabeere. Ot d, any ga-nd nke ikpeaz ma bgh
divest kwere; na karsa n'tle counterarguments bgh divest kwere ka ghara ikwe
ha ha ka o di ar, ma ihe ha na-enweta naan na na-at aro na-ama mb nwee
nkwenye siri ike ka ha na ibu ibu.
Ugbu a nke nd a niile tebulu-armka m chr na coarsest mb eburu, ma b ya
mere ikekwe kwesr tle tt nd kas. chr ka any na uz z, mgbe ga-a
z na any chr ka d mfe d ka o kwere omume na-d ka ihe s ngng

n'z. fd nd k ihe mma b ezie na mfe ofufe pta banyere ya; na ike fd
nd si n'okike na-eje ije na dd, na-ahtbegh efeghar.
Ebe a, a chktara nd na-eson na ngalaba rue mgbe ak jr:
1) The osisi enwegh irighiri akwara (III).
2) E nwegh free af ofufo ije (VII).
3) Ha enwegh a Central ngwa na ihe niile ihe ga-akp maka ngosipta nke naejik mkpr obi unit (nke Iri na At).
4) na-ah ha obi j zda, mowed, bee ebi apgh z onwe nyere d bla naebibi nnyonye anya. ma m ala az kwere any mmetta nke nwere ike-eme nd na
mmetta Nigeria (VI).
5) O yiri ot kpam na mmezu nke nzube nke m mmad na an ha na gbak,
ka ba mkpr obi n'wa na-ejere chptara na otu onye nwere ike ch bna
mkpr obi nke na njedebe n'onwe ya na ha (X. XI).
6) br na bna tinye osisi-d ka m anman naan ambiguous odide nke
mkpr obi, na ah n'ezie osisi agaghkwa nke mkpr obi nwere ike d ajj bla
(XII).
7) O nwere ike b n'ihi otu n'ime ihe nd m anman d iche iche, ma ala
mkpr obi eguzo dgh zulnglichen echiche na-(XIV).
The isi ihe, nke na-egosi kre nd a jr pr chta chktara n mkpirikpi
ikpeaz-maliteghara.

III. The j ajj.

N'enwegh ngnar, na br na, chptara naan nd proteinaceous emep uta eri,
na-akp akwara na osisi, ihe isi ike, nyekwa ha mkpr obi, ah ga-ad ukwuu ime
ihe tt. Ugbu a, na-agnye, n'ezie, na akwara na mkpr obi na-mkpa, bna
fd n'ime ha nan si eziokwu na nd soulless presupposed osisi na-adgh; ma b
a na aj gburugburu bgh naan, na-aba n'ime play ebe a; tumadi kama na-eson
echiche:
br na otu ebibi, mara esnede nd kas mma akwara ozi, br nke a mmad na
nke anman, ya mere na ibibi n'out oge herewith niile mpga nd na mgbam
nke echiche ha nd; N'otu aka ah, nwere ike kagbu site fragmentation ma b
mbibi nke pr iche akwara k ak na pr iche sensations. ma tinye m anman
dgh ihe rba ama nke mkpr obi na mmetta nd z n'onwe-ya, mgbe bibie ya
irighiri akwara, ot ah ka osisi na-enwe ike na site n mmalite enwegh mkpr obi
na-enwe mmetta, d ka ha enwegh irighiri akwara site n mmalite. Akwara gosi
nn herewith na, blagodi na any nd n'wa nke wa a, d ok mkpa nd
Beseeltsein ma b ngwar na mkpr obi kwesr egosipta onwe ha n'okpuru
okwu nke wa a.
dgh ihe d cogent iyi ka a mmechi, na dgh ihe nwere ike b untriftiger.
M na-etinye ya eson counter: Mgbe m mechiri dkatr adka nke a piano, a

violin, a lute, niile ndido urk ma b ibibi ya, e mere ya na da nke ihe nd a
ngw; -Amas m n'ibi ya, na-akkwa ka m chr: na-akpata na-achkwagh
mkpt; n'ezie da, bna a melodic ma b harmonic usoro ma b Nchikota aj u
nwere ike-adgh nn na-emepta; N'otu aka ah nwere ike kagbu site n'kwatu p
pr iche ndido urk nd any nwere na-pr iche-aj u; Ya mere, o doro anya na nd
ndido urk d ok mkpa na nd nke na-amba na-aj u;ha b, ot ikwu okwu,
irighiri akwara nke nd ngw. Na site na nke a now a ezi d ka d ka iso, na nke j,
na fife, ngwa site n mmalite nke ndetu, gnyere melodic na harmonic Nchikota aj u,
b keenweghi ike n'ihi na na site n mmalite enwegh ndido urk.
The tnyere b nn ihe kwesr ekwes Ama p mgbe any anya na-emepta ebe
a ka n'n sensations, atnyere n'aka, subjectively n'wa sensations, nke ikekwe doo a
fd ime iche site n mmalite. The violin b ihe z, ozu onwe ya sensations site na
ha game. Ah ah b ka b nd a violin na-ele ime-ime egwuregwu nke ha ndido
urk onwe ha.
Ma ugbu a, m h na j ma n'ezie, n'agbanyegh na m ok-circuit, da, anyaarpta sensations na-enwegh na ndido urk, ot ah ka m amagh ihe mere bgh
osisi nke onye sensations kwesr-enwe ike m enwegh nwere akwara , The m
anman nwere ike nakwa b nn na b akwara, na osisi j ngw
sensashion. Mgbe ah, n'ezie, na-ma sensations ga-kpomkwem mata ihe d iche d ka
nke onye d ka sensations nke na-emepta akwara na ifufe ngw, siri ike kwaa; ma
na o nwere ike ma na ab h dara da na otu melodic ma b harmonic ike jikr
mmetta nke psychological unit.
E nwegh ma wet na, n'eziokwu, gn mere dd kwesr erugh iche iche n'aka
ha nwere weta onwe-aghta sensations d ka nd d any art ka n ekwegasr,
mkpr nke z aghta sensations; ebe b na uz z dd ya n'aka b mgbe any
na nd garanya na iche iche; any n'z nd z-ah ot dd ah n'ozuzu nzube kas
ukwuu iche iche nke z kpr d iche iche hr n'az. Na madu, quadrupeds,
nnn akk okuku ume na ngwar na-etolite otu n'ime, on niile mesho-anman a
tghara-outwards osisi; any na-eje ije retara site n'ngide na kw; z e kere eke
stride p site contractions nke ah, d ka idide; z haspeln-aga n'ihu site batting
mmeghar, ot tt m anman infusion, wdg, nke b ihe niile mere site nn
iche kpr. The ezigbo nzube nke inweta site na mpaghara mgbanwe, ihe d mkpa
maka nd, kama b n'ebe nile n'otu. br n'ezie na eke guzonu d ka nd kwesiri
banyere ime mm nzuk a na-ah nzuk nan ptara akwara na gw nd
agha? Kama nke ah, n'ihi na o yiri ka ha m daa ogbenye na nd z na-enwegh
enyemaka kara na mb na nke a, m na-at anya na a ga-na mgbakwunye na nke
anman, ebe rr atmat nke iche echiche nzuk site akwara, ebe z ha ya ma
duziri.
Gn b ruo mgbe ebigh ebi na protein okwu nke irighiri akwara ot ebube, b
naan mere ka nd kwesr ekwes na-ebu ma b intermediaries nke iche echiche
r? O yiri ka m na pulp osisi, otu ugboro otu eriri na-ach ezi d ka mma ruru eru;
ga-ab ihe apt-na nye n'ihi gw nke osisi, na protein maka m anman. Ihe niile a
ga-atle gbara ya gburugburu.Na anyanw na e nwegh j ma b nke protein

nwere ike fibrous, ga-agbakwa ihe niile; ma elegh anya, e nwere nd nke
platinum. Ikekwe, e nwere kemgbe dgh; n'ihi na irighiri akwara nd d nn n'ezie
nan a-esi na-ahazi na a nyere onodu sensations na a kpmkwem, b nke pr d
na-anchi anya nd z n'aka n'ebe nd z. A raw da b bna piano ikpe-enwegh
ndido urk; ee e bla ahu mgbe na igba; ot ka bla ije, eyi na wa ma elegh
anya, ihe echiche se; Ugbu a, b nn ihe na nd, nke a ga-tinye nke mere na
onyinye a na-ebili bgh nan na izugbe Chineke nd, kamakwa a e kere eke onwe ha
na-erite uru na-aba. D ka nd ya nile, any ga-aj onwe ha; ma b ukwuu eleghi
anya na site n mmalite na b nan akwara kwesr dabara; ee na mgbe na eri d
na-d ok mkpa. b n'ezie ezi na wa dum b a gbelu, okwu nke Chineke spirit,
ot ga-enwe j ebe irighiri akwara na-agba s Chineke; na any na-ah anya na
mbara igwe na-ma nwee njik enwegh ogologo cables n'etiti ha ka ha na-ah n'onwe
fd usoro site h na ike ndda, n'ihi ya, any ga-ozugbo n'elu nd z wuru na-sel
nke osisi niile z a coherent edinam, ka ga d ka ngosipta nke ga-ach ihe nke a
mkpr obi pr tkwas obi, n'ihi ihe rba ama ptara h n'oge nile nke l
mmekrita nke nd agha bara ba n'ezie na dum imewe nke l na ya bch.
Otu nwere ike j aga na ntnyere z n'akk, otu uche na-eme, na o nwere ike
b bara uru, ma ime ot ah n'ebe fd d. Any na-now ozugbo kwuru ebe a
ukwuu nke analogies, na nwekwara ike b ya mere naan gosi ihe bla, pr b
ma a mgbagha okwu ghara d ire ya, na kwa n'z nke isiokwu a ga-etinye aka,
n'd dgas iche iche.
-Akpalikar any orina na h k n'aka ow, gbagr n nke eri. Any Soulflame
na-. The anyanw, a gas ire k na-enwu enwu-enwegh orina na. N'ihi ya, ga-ma
elegh anya ike inye mkpr obi k na-agba na k na-enwegh ow eri. h na
Orina nd nwere ow na-enwe ha mma: na ha b mfe na-ebu n'ebe allwrts, bgh
gas ire k; ma k a mere obere na-egbuke egbuke, ha adghd atghar uru? Ot
ah ka anman nd na-ebughar ebughar, osisi ofu mkpr obi orina. Gn mere
wa mata nan obere k? Onye bla nnukwu l b bna ihe mmta d elu ofu
d ka obere mkpanaaka orina; wa b ma onye kas ukwuu nnukwu n l. Na eziokwu, any nwere ike iji tnyere k na-agba mkpr obi n'z pr iche; n'ihi na ma
wa ga-ab kpamkpam chchr. b naan z na ihe at nke nke onye na
ebumnobi, d ka nd na-esi n'aka da. Olee ot tt nd mmad na e nwere ihe
bla, itinye ebumnobi h na-atr nd, ma ugbu a any chr dd na nnwere onwe
na-efego na nke onye mkpr obi h na-atr nd, ot nan kpamkpam na-warara
banye Central j ow?
The ududo abakwas an o jidere site a netwk nke ma na ogologo eri; -enwegh
ike ha na-eme ihe bla iji jide. N'otu aka ah, na mkpr obi any. b nan na a
netwk nke ezi akwara filaments b ike iji jide obi site eavesdropping na ihe
gbasara nd a na eri site n'z wa. Ma gn mere nd niile spiders d ot ah a na
netwk enwetagh ha na-eri an? l; e nwere nd na-ewe ya kpmkwem site nru
nb. N'ihi ya osisi nwere ike ma na-mmetta ha na-enwegh akwara netwk
ozugbo. br na any na-adgh ah nd na-ese onyinyo ya onu, na-ah ike, any
ptara n'ezie, ma elegh anya, b nan a oghere na-enwegh na-ese onyinyo ebe b
na. Ma netwk bgh na-ese onyinyo; ma-ese onyinyo-eme ka netwk ma b na-

eme ka elegh anya dgh ike na ike ya mere ka na-enwe a ududo.

br na mmad an n'ime gb ala na drava, g na mkpa iji bee site na uzo, naeme ka nynya jik na e ji ebu ihe; ot ah ka gb ala na-akws, nynya na-agba
s, ma onye maara ebe. Ma, b ya mere onye nwere gg isi akara nke inyinya
na m tnyere nd mastery nke ah site na mkpr obi n'ebe a, nan site n'n ogologo
strands-ekwe omume? Na insofar ka ga-ad mkpa, d ka aka nke n na a iche iche
igbe, d ka any spirit, n'ezie, naan ka b, na br ikpe. Ma ka handlebars nd
n'elu nynya onwe ya, oyomde na obere, obere anya-akta reins, bna ma br
na na-ezi na-emeghar ka nynya na ikper-ya abua, tar na ass, bna
achoghidi reins. N'ihi ya osisi nwere ike ugbu a b kere eke ebe ah na-agba nke
mkpr obi niile n ala na na Gliederbaue na entities ya akara ah, ebe nan site
strands nke a iche iche n'akk ime ihe na any.
Ihe nd d ot analogies nwere ike b ma b ot tt eweta! Gnkwa mere ha,
na-adr mmas d ka ha si izugbe onwunwe Bestande uwa, ga-nyere ohere maka
echiche ole na Ester ntnyere, mgbe otu afiak okpu ndit mkpr obi na osisi, n'ihi
na j, a pr iche mara mbr na nke mkpr obi, na-efu na ha? - Ma i nwere ike
nd a analogies na-aba site a tt ihe nd z kpmkwem chptara inyere ya aka.
Any na-ah na-ekuru, juices na-agba s, metabolism, oriri na-edozi na anman
naan site n'n akwara, a na-akp ganglionic irighiri akwara na-aga oge; na osisi e
nwegh nd d ot ah irighiri akwara; kama na-eku ume, juices na-agba s,
metabolism, nri ka vonstatten d ka na m anman; Ee e, d ka any na-eche, dum
nd nke osisi d nn naan nime ya.Ma nwere ike iku ume na osisi na-enwegh
irighiri akwara na iriju af, gn mere na-eche nke ma? Any na-ah nn ebe a
kacha doo anya, nke mere irrefutable, na na osisi na-ukwuu atkwaskwara z n'aka,
nke a na enm ke anman na akwara r. The osisi aga, n'ezie, ma e wezga nd
ganglionic irighiri akwara, bna br na kpkp az irighiri akwara
(Cerebrospinalnerven) si, na na na-na-eme ihe nd a na-azlite na-jikr nd maara
ihe gbasara mm r; ma na-aga n'ime osisi na-enwegh ganglionic j ihe anya
n'ihu, ihe na ganglionic j na-aga na m anman n'ihu ya, n'ihi gn ka bkwa
ihe-adgh ah anya nwere ike osk enwegh Cerebrospinalnerven na ha ihe nan nd
na-aga na m anman on?
Nke Na-eru nso, any na-j usoro na-akpatakar uru, containers na-eduzi nke
bla ezi imponderable ah ike mkpr ma b g n'lnga na-na ot ikwu okwu b
na njik njik n'etiti mkpr obi na coarser ah, nke na ya na-agak nke mkpr obi
ptara forterstrecken aka ahu na sensations si ah zurckerstrecken. Achr m nke a
echiche ma chebe ma b na-aj; ma any chr ka ha na-eme, b mba ihere aka
maliteghachi kzi game of d ot g n'lnga na-enwegh irighiri akwara na
osisi. Any n mmalite mere maara ot osisi na-eme ka ya, ya na ya d nn mfe cell
ngng cornstarch, sugar, tannin, a dgas iche iche nke asd, alkaloids, fragrances, e
ji esiji kw, toxins, abba, resins, wdg, wdg na-emepta imi si inorganic
bekee; onye bla osisi arpta ihe z na ibe ya na-ewu na-enwegh any n'z
fd ike ghta ot nd d iche iche ndokwa nke mkpr nd, emep uta eri, akpa
nwere ike ime ka a; otu onye na-egosi na ebe a d nn ihe karr mere emep uta eri,

mkpr nd, akpa nd d ir bit. Ugbu a, nke a b ihe n'ezie dabeere dkara ala na otu
nke ya imponderable g n'lnga, o kwuru banyere eziokwu ah b na, d ot ah a
b na-ama na nkt chemical phenomena na-aga n mpga nke organism vonstatten
na egwuregwu; Eletrik na-eme n'ime akk, nwere obere na-emetta na site az ka
chemical usoro; na ot ga-enwe ihe isi ike, kama na-kas ibu oku na-aga, bna na
ihe hr chemical phenomena na osisi nd d ot ah presuppose na egwuregwu (ma
b ya game) na d ka nke g n'lnga (ma b egwuregwu) na nd nkt chemical
phenomena adkwagh, d ka d iche iche, d ka ma phenomena onwe ha iche. ma b
inm ke mmepta nke akwara g n'lnga, nke dd o nwere ike b, mettara m
anman na eziokwu gara aga chemical n'ibu, na-az az; nke mere na ihe owuwu
ma na ndokwa nke j usoro egosi naan maka nkesa na dissemination nke otu mkpa.
Ya mere, nd nke mmepta na nke egwuregwu nd d ot ezi g n'lnga nwere
ike na-eje ozi na mkpr obi d ka n'etiti okwu, chr na-akp nd d ot ah, otu
afiak okpu ndit na osisi ah d nn ka na anman ah; naan nd nke a usoro
nkesa ma b dissemination nke otu, d ka na-ach nd n'usoro ar r nke a
mkpr obi, nwere ike na j usoro-apta na-efu efu. Ma ebe b na any amagh ma
l, nke na-eme n'ah ha kwesr ekwes, pr akwara g n'lnga na-akpa gw nd
dpr adp, ee, a bna ruo ugbu a yiri ihe siri ike kwara any, n'ihi ya
gburugburu na nd z na emep uta eri nke osisi nwere ike b nke ma ruru eru, a
yiri g n'lnga na-akpa gw nd dpr adp ma br na ihe any chere b ka d
nn na-enyo enyo, d management kwesr ach, d ka anman na otu uche.
Ihe ihe niile a nabata ihe imponderable g n'lnga na akwara b naan a amma,
nke any nwere ike na-agnye a fd gbasara nke puru omume phenomena; ma o
nwere ebe a na-enwegh mmas na-dabere na ya, kama b naan na-egosi na, ma
br na onye chr dabere na osisi, nakwa nwere nd n'ihi na ihe n'usoro
egwuregwu nke a g n'lnga, d ka otu nwere ike iche na nke mkpr obi d mkpa na
d ka m anman; kama chr kama iji Azik na fd nd z nd agha maka
egwuregwu nd d ot g n'lnga, otu analogue echiche ga-ebute site n na ya.
Kama n'ebe a na-edebe nd on fd ndabere nke nke any na-amagh ihe bla,
ga-ab ihe kas mma na-nkwubi okwu site ga nke ma na o doro anya na
n'uche. Any na-ah nn obere Mmeri ke osisi. The juices na-agba s na a fd
direction, nke oge ntoju adahade iwu fd on osisi, epupta and ala mgbe a fd
na-ach na akporo; fd cell ahr jupta iji na nke a, nd z na nd bekee; , Tlee
ka tt a yi ifuru akwukwo dum mgbe nile nghta, nke na-egosi na acha juices nakpmkwem z, ma b na-acha Filiks na ipuiche a kpmkwem z. Ihe nile nke na
ekwu okwu ihe z ruo ihe n'usoro play nke nd agha, d ka nd a agha na ha naakwado na-ekpo k d ka ha chr; osisi na anman ka ihe bla;sokwaara bla
osisi a d iche iche iji kari nke-z, d ka onye bla an na anderm j usoro,
n'agbanyegh nke osisi nwere nwegh. N'ihi ya, kama enwegh ka nke na-enwe mmeri
na osisi nd agha, d ka ha nwere ike na-akp na-emechi site na-angh nke irighiri
akwara, onye kwesr gnye reverse nke d ad nke iji on t nd nke nd a agha,
na na-adgh mgbe ah aka na na onye maara nke a ma bgh ihe na-eru nso. D
ka a m na any amagh ihe, bgh na ha angh nwere ike hr na ya.

Achgh m ka m na-eme ka nkws na ot anya weere na fd enwegh ka h

m anman, karsa polyps, nke dozie adgh emet ha n'ah na af ofufo ije dgh
enweghi ntupo bch nakwa mba irighiri akwara nwere ike achptara. b na-ala,
otu ga azaghachi: ha ga-ekpughekwa z; ha b nan kwa ezi, uzo, dpr adp, d
ka ga-anya ga nke ma. pr b eziokwu. M nwere abughi ihe mere ma b
mmas obi ab. Otu aghgh na-anchi mgbe ah nakwa emeghe na osisi; kama m
na na n'ebe d anya na-eji ha; bgh ha mkpa ha; echiche na nan ptara akwara
sensashion b omume kwesr, ke ofri ofri, na na-ezigh ezi amma ma b nd naekwesgh d nkwubi okwu: n'ihi na irighiri akwara na m anman maka
sensashion na-mkpa, ha n'ebe nile a d mkpa. Gn ka pr ma ma m na-emegide
nke z gwgw, n'ihi na osisi na-enwegh irighiri akwara na-adgh emet ha
n'ah, ha ga-enwe ihe z ime ot ah. A nkwubi okwu b uru d ukwuu d ka nd
z, na dgh mma ka ihe maka onwe ha; dabere na nke nwere ike n'ihu naakwado ya.
Otu nwere ike na-eche, na n'ezie, karsa frherhin ukwuu n'obi-ya ime ihe
gburugburu emep uta eri (gburugburu ara) nke osisi na-nnochite anya nke irighiri
akwara. Oken na-ekwu na ya Natural Philosophy II S. 112 chara. "The gburugburu
emep uta eri b maka osisi ihe b irighiri akwara nke anman pr b ihe ziri ezi
osisi akwara na-ekpo k, na d m t inwe ike iji ha na ikike a .. ha chpta ije na
obi t nke organic Filiks "etc -. onwe m m na-echegh na na nn iche uwa, ya
mere, ot kwesr ya ekemende, na a uche, d abgh Organisation tarpaulin nke osisi
na m anman nke ezi onodi nke irighiri akwara nwere ike bla ajj bla na
akk; bla ntnyere ga-angide nn na-ezugh ezu. Ebe b na b ugbu a ma
nye mgbe nile iche na otu akk nke nghtahie ah ab management atmat, nke
mere na-amas na-gwara na gburugburu emep uta eri b na osisi, nke ka-ezuk na
akwara ozi nd anman kas; albeit na nke a nnabata ka nwere ike na-ebe ke
geringerm D ka n'etiti ngwa j, na ndido urk nke a piano, nke yiri ka ederta
akwkw ozi a ruo n'k fd na tongebende ah ma ha nile na ab ngw, si
n'akk nke z ma z agagh ime, ebe b na ihe siri ike ahu nke mkprhh,
onwe onye na-tinting na ngwa bgh d ka b ma na ofu ndido urk ke piano; nd
shades ya b nan site n'ime ikuku triggered site ihe, mgbe z mittnt butere site na
ndido urk ke eriri ngw ikuku. Nke a na-apgh ime nke a d cha mmejuputa iwu
ntnyere e nwere n'uche, nwere ike mgbe ah mgbe niile ike mas, otu ma na-eso
rue practicable, ya b, d ka data d ka ahmah onwe ya. Na any na-ah nd naeson akpan akpan isi nke tnyere n'etiti gburugburu emep uta eri na irighiri akwara.
The gburugburu emep uta eri, gburugburu ara, osisi ka elu maka akwara ozi si
mmak nke kwek mkpr nd ma j ha ot a n'ezie ezi akpa b, ma e wezga na
ha b naan na-ebu ikuku na mepere emepe nd, ka akwara ozi ma b akwara
akpa-egosi ebu a mmiri mmiri kachasi mkpa , The gburugburu emep uta eri gbat na
a na-aga n'ihu njik site na osisi, mgbe alaka l r ah, ma, ukwuu kw-enye nan
nta n'kw n'kw si emep uta eri site Any ehulata na ya. G n'kw d n'etiti nd z
d emep uta eri na mkpr nd nke osisi site bla gburugburu eriri kw gbara nd
d ot ah, kacha mma nke elongated mkpr nd (emep uta eri), d ka m
anman, e nwere kacha mma ara na-agba s na obi nke akwara. The n gg

na ndokwa nke gburugburu vaskla n'kw n'kw e ji mara na ptara nye onye
bla osisi site na-ewu dum iji d n'ime; ha apta na dum na nd z d ike na nso nke
mere n z, na elu lar b, na nke osisi na-anchi, mgbe ke kas ala na osisi dgh
nke a nwere ike chptara. Otu ihe d mkpa r a ga-ha biri d ka ha peculiar ewu na
ebe d n'akk osisi ma; ma d ka irighiri akwara nke m anman, nke a naenwegh substantive ike na-egosipta ozugbo doro anya. The osisi physiologists nke
ahia d nn iche echiche banyere ya, na nkwa nd doro sweetest na-ekweta na any
maara ihe bla banyere.
Goethe-ekwu nke gburugburu ara ya na ngosipta nke Recherches sur la dd
akpachi anya wdg par Dutrochet (Ges-ar r Vol 55. p II ..): "The gburugburu ara
any na-atle nd kas nta akk, nke dum nke ha nwe, kpamkpam b otu na, naewere homoeomeries gwa ya ha peculiarities na enwetara site na otu z onwunwe na
mkpebi siri ike. ga-enye ha a onwe ndu ekewet ike, na nke ya onwe n'otu n'otu
kwaga na-anabata otu direction. magburu onwe Dutrochet oku a d mkpa Inkurvation
ike mbanye. omimi a, any na-ah any ebe a kpgh. "
zkwa any na-ah gakwuru nd a omimi n'ihu ebe a abgh kpaliri. Onye na-ah
ihe bla edinam na ugbu a dd nzuzo, d ka ihe niile eke nzuzo, bna whimsical
kwa adgh kr.
Kere now na ab na-eson ngalaba na anatomical akk fd teleological na
aesthetic akk n'elu nke, ma br na-ama otk fleetingly na izugbe nke mbido
mkparta ka (n'okpuru II.), Ma e ha ntozu nwegh onye hr. Ma any na-ah obere
egosi
ikpeaz
gwgw
Contribuu
a millorar
la traducci na echiche nke obima, o yiri ka m na dokwuo nd na-eme
ya. Agbanyegh, b na-eson ot ah onwe m mb meptara na nkwenye siri ike na
kpebiri.

Text original

IV. Teleological ihe.

Mgbe m guzo on a na-ekpo k n'oge okpomk bch on a d mmiri, na-ach
na a mmiri lily na ha epupta na-agbasa were were n'elu mmiri na-emeghe ifuru
basked n'h. Olee ot nke-uku nke ma ga-ab a ifuru, echere m na pta na elu nke
anyanw, rida na miri mgbe ha empfnde nke anyanw na bath ub. Na ihe mere, m
na-eche, kwesr bgh ya? O yiri m na dd agagh wuru a kere eke nke nsogbu
nd d ka mma na-elekta-eme ka b nan na-anchi anya d ka ihe na-abagh uru
ntule, karsa d ka verblhen puku tulip, na-enwegh ndidi na mmad ewere; tt
ihe nd z m unsuspected b icheta na o nwere onye waterlily mere rr ka nd kas
obi t na ike-enweta site n bath ke mgbochi mmiri na k na n'otu oge ah, na-a e
kere eke na-ezu uru hap site eche mara mma d cha site ya ,
Ot mara mma ga-apta n'okpuru nd d ot ah nd dum nd nke a
ifuru 1) . Nwere nd o welitere bch na-emeghe ifuru na mmiri (mgbe fd ruo
tt sentimita n'd elu), na-agnye otu abal mgbe nwere ihe bla anya n'ihi na
h, nche ala na, d mma, ihe m na-ag, ya ha az bna ot n'okpuru mmiri ke
usenubk re-iputa site na mmiri bed. The Lotus ifuru b ime otu ihe ah, ya mere,
bna n'abal dda oke obere na ha apgh ruru site mikpuru ogwe aka na mmiri; ututu O bilie t, mgbe anyanw na-akpali elu, adahade elu na azuokokoosisi si na

miri. Any na-ekweghzi na mermaids b nd ogide na ala nke mmiri na-ututu, naebili ka bask ya n'h; ma ihe akara onwe ya si ot kwetara ma nd d ot ah ga-ya
emere tmkp; dd elegh anya makwa, na mere si akara na-eme eme. N'ezie,
welie na agbasagh bgh ihe niile okooko osisi d ka alternates, b ezie na ka naeme tt nd z; ma mkpa ya n'ihi na ihe niile ga-eme? Chta bgh naan ugbu a
na okooko na nwa osisi Ome, na n t Tau, ikuku na anyanw ezu, onye bla ya
si n'z pr iche?
1)

.. Linnaeus (Disquis de sexu plantar 1760) kwuru banyere ya:

N. Alba qnotidie aji ex aqua tollitur, floremque dilatat, adeo iji meridiano oge
at omnino pollices pedunculo aquam superemineat. Sub vesperam penitus
clausa et Contecta demergitur. Atmat n'ihe d ka horam N'ihi quartam post
meridiem contrahit FLOREM, agitque sub aqua omnem noctem, quod nescio
ka cuiquam kwa mille annos ka notatum ebi, id est inde a Theophrasti aevo, qui
hoc obseryavit na Nymphaea Loto .... scripsit autem Theophrastus, Hist. , IV
10, de Loto ea, quae sequentur. "Na Euphrate caput floresque mergi referunt,
atque descendere usque na medias Noctes: tantumque abire na iri, iji ne quidem
demissa Manu capere and: diluculo g redire, et ad diem magis naan.
Oriente jam Extra undas emergere, patefacere floremque: ghar pate facto
amplius insurgere, iji gbelu si aqua absit ochie - Idem prorsus mos est
noatrae Nymphaeae albae .. (Phys Decand II 86 ....)

N'ihi ya, m chere ugbu a na, dd na-elegh anya wuru d iche iche d nn banyere
ugwu osisi na enm ke ebe z nakwa d ka freshness na-ad cha nke ugwu ikuku na
ihe z n'ugwu a ka d iche iche si d mmiri, a dd ka nn d cha, ime ka zuru
t. b, agwara m onwe m, mmiri lily n'ezie ezi peculiar ma d nn ka mmiri, ka
ugwu osisi maka ugwu;ma b na any chr agbanwe ya, any nwere ike bgh,
na-ekwu na mmiri e niile mma maka mmiri lily, ugwu nile na ugwu osisi? b
eziokwu na butterflies, na az esesn mmad nd na-enwe a nd na ikuku na
mmiri; otu onye nwere ike j ihe nd z? Ma, d ka wuru d iche iche,
doziekwa! Ofufe ma ama mehrerlei butterflies na otu ugwu ah, igwuru mmiri ma
ama mehrerlei azu na otu mmiri! Ike nke nd z n'ekpere? Onye bla ga-enweta
nkwanye ma site na ya pr iche-esi na pr iche omume nke nd z sensations naagak nke otu mmewere. Ugbu a, mmiri osisi, ugwu osisi na-akpa gw dgh nn
ka oriri bula, b mmiri, dgh nn ka bla butterflies megide ikuku na h; d
ka nd d nn iche sensations na-agak n'ihi ya, ga-enwe ike inye ha! Nke bu
eziokwu na ya na osisi a nru ububa, nke urukurubba, ma a na osisi nwere abgh, ha
ab ga-ama d iche iche na dd na-eme ka d iche iche sensations ha kwere
mee; n'ihi na mgbe urukurubba si ifuru nectar, o nwere ike gagh na-adgh
emet ha n'ah na-ebu d ka ma. Ma b ka ga--chr ikwu, nd sensashion nke
osisi ga-esi ot enwegh isi na eleghi anya na mgbe niile urukurubba na-ama
mmetta ya? ga-ab d ka mma d ka na-ekwu na okporo z nke n'anya na-ama
ama sensashion nke otu aka nke z na-enwegh isi na eleghi anya na-eme, ebe b
na any na-ah na ihe h k nke na; mgbanwe oke nwekwara ibe bla otu vivid

sensashion nke yi , br na nke ikpeaz na-emegide narrower ka nke urukurubba

na ifuru, ma nke a pr iwere ihe bla karr n'ihi na nke a na-ach ugbu a na-a gara
n'ihu iche nke sensashion.
Nke ah b eziokwu bna onye kas ukwuu art nke okike, ka onye bla ise ihe
d iche iche si na otu bunyere site na gw dgas na iko ah. Onye bla ah b, d
ka na-anchi anya a d iche iche e mere na ihuenyo nke meziri si ya z sensations
si an; na ihe otu onye nwere ike ekpe ka ihe tt nd z. Mag N'ihi ya, mgbe niile
m anman niile ka e si agwa onwe ya, nke na b susceptible, nakwa angide ka
na d ka nnukwu a kara nke akwukwo nri ala-eze.
Ugbu a d m ka na-adgh ike maa akk nke emeju, nke weere ya ebe a.
Man, na m anman na-agba s ebe a, e, gbasasa n'etiti d nile nke ihe t,
ahmah, edozi d, nke b ebe d anya. Nke a nwere ya uru. Ma any na-ah naan
mmad site n'onwe ya, any na-aghta na onye-sidedness nke nd a uru. Na
mgbakwunye na hiking na-ejeghar ejeghar na-an l edozi nwere ya uru na-apgh
furu efu; e nwere tt nkt na guzo edinam okirikiri na-ach ka o arah site na
obi; uru ma, kpgidere n'elu ya, na-apgh imezu na nd uru n'otu oge ke ukem
udomo, na onye chr b ihe ruo na otu ihe, pgh n'otu oge nke z. Ya mere
onye na-ejeghar, na nd z na osisi na ala. D ka d m mmad alaeze, ot ah
eke alaeze. Nd mmad na anman nd na njeghar, osisi ah stapled ka ala owo ke
ererimbot; nd kpebisiri ike weghara n'ime obodo zoro dd mmetta na-agbalsi; a,
na udi nke kpmkwem nd na a nyere gburugburu mmetta na-agbalsi ike
iyuzucha;mgbe ah, ha nwere ike ghara ga na site na ya, n'ihi na onye bla na-agba
s na-eduga n'of ofu nd, kama b naan weere. Any hap idenye a ab
n'akk nke nd, na i nwere kara na omitted ihe d mkpa iji h na r d mkpa na
dd.
Ka any lee ot dd nwere ike dgh lumps furu efu na ns; ise okwu elegh
anya at an Nigeria ot bla n'efu na nkpnkp nke n'efu ha na-eji nkenke oge naenyocha ihe iji gbala gaa k; - Any ga-akw gw bna tkwasr obi ka guzo
na-aga n'ihu na nd nke eji a ga-atkwaskwara n'ihi na o guzo ma na-eji nan d
ugbu a n'akk dum ojiji?Anman oria naan otu ugboro imi na ebe a osisi a na
mgbe nile na ofu, na-agba elu n banyere wa, nke osisi toro miri, oge izu naan
ikwu okwu ebe a na-na ntziaka nke onye radii na gburugburu, onye osisi juptara
n'ime kpamkpam na iji nway nway na; na otu h na-erugh bkwa nwere ike
deplete ya ot obi a gburugburu nke mmekrta, nke osisi ma elegh anya ga-ach
iyuzucha n'ihi na b bna na iwu na ya, na iyuzucha b ike n'ihi na e nyefewo
eguzobere ya.
M na nso nso hr nwunye m a osisi na-akpata na obi t site flowerpots eguzo naenwe mmas n'ebe d ka osisi na-akpata na obi t ot kpamkpam gbanyere
mkprgw ka nd kas mma, achobuuru iri bla akk nke wa; na d ka n'okpuru
ala, b n'elu wa. Naan osisi a kpaliri alaka iche, na mgbe ah o nwere na
interstices na ome munsu na epupta juptara na dgh obere ikuku na-erite site
unenjoyed; ma na nke Atmat nke alaka b ka zkwa, ihe-acha ann ann
okooko osisi na h iche. Ya mere, m na-aja m, dd, ma br na b nan na osisi

b ezigbo uru; Ma, br na okooko osisi na osisi na-eto eto d nn ka nt chiri zuru
maka efu mgbal na efu chmma. ga-kama na-ar r maka ihe bla; na na ihe
d n'ha na ubi n'elu na n'elu ugboro ugboro. kwesr b nan maka abamuru any,
gaara aka mma, ga-eto otu ndek na mbadamba, tebl na oche kama nke osisi.
Ugbu a, na-inweta naan nri any ezigbo uru na osisi anchi nso na mbara Ot
d, m anman az naan otu, n'etiti ha na-apta. The l na-enwegh ike ot
emegbu mgbe anynya mmetta na sensory okirikiri efu ebe ga-ahap d n'etiti
ha; Kama, ha jide bna juxtaposition ma b onye bla z; a ga-kama ji mee ihe
d nta nri mgbe Portable onwe ya ga-akpnw ah ohere maka ije; ot rie bna otu
kara n'ime m anman, nke z na-d nn cha ugboro ugboro; na na onwe ya
setpr na-akwadogh akwado na adgh emet ha n'ah gw a cleanup. N'z d
ot ah meptara na-eji dd na kas ukwuu na o kwere omume n'z ya niile
richness, ihe juptara n'ime ya. ma g isi ak na ba d ka a Russian chch a ak na
ba nke tt mkpr obi, b nd nke plaice.
Olee pere mpe ga-ebi na-agbasaskwa sensashion na dd mgbe mwep nke osisi
sitere n'gb nke mkpr obi d ka sporadically mgbe ah iyipu nan d ka ok ele
n'gb osisi juptara, d ka b ofufe gburugburu okooko osisi; na any kwesr dd
tkwas obi n'ezie na b nd d ot ah a n'efu, ha, f site n'uche Chineke ume
nd? Olee ot d iche iche na nke a b mgbe nd osisi nwere mkpr obi na obi naad; agaghkwa anya kpuru s, ndi nti chiri na dd eguzo ya na tt ugboro hr
onwe ya na-ad, d ka mkpr obi na-na ya, ha na-eche; ot z Chineke onye na-an
mmetta nke nd niile o kere eke na-na-na mmekrta na kwekr br na ngw naaba d ka onye bla z na ogologo etiti oge? Ebe otu ahmah na a egwu nke nd
ogbenye; now chr h ya na nd garanya Chineke? bgh ya mara mma, ibu na
mma ya, na-eche na nd d nd eto akai onwe ya d ka mkpr obi wa h nke eluigwe, ka ha nan inye Light any k na nw? Na na b ya mere ha kwesr naan eto
ot resplendent na elu? Anyanw wa na-apgh ime ka h na-enwegh mkpr obi
nd na-eche ha k. Olee seelendmmerig ga-ab na sonnenbeschienensten ok
ha, mgbe anyanw b enwegh ike bna mkpr obi nke osisi na-egosi. ma ike ya
n'ebe ah, a ha d ka a d nd k nke Chineke na-eme dtr ya dd ya. Na osisi
ga-otu bch n'ezie k, ndibh d nn ka adru bna. Na externally anya ire
k, mgbe n'ime achasi n'ebe Chineke na onwe ya
N'ezie, any nwere ike na-eche na z; any na-ah ma dgh ihe kpmkwem site
nd Soulflame dd; ma ebe b na any nwere ike na-eche ihe mere any achgh
ya? na-amanye any dgh onye, aufzutun any elu anya megide mpga k naekpo k n mpta ire k. Gn mere any ji na-edi? N'ihi na na-amas any nn
mma kara d n'chchr na oyi na-at. fn, na a gbara chchr na oyi na-at
dd any nd, ma br na any achgh ka na-emeghe n'ime anya nke uche tupu
n'ime k nke okike. D ka na-emekwa onye mma ghara ime ya, onye pr imeri
ya? Ma ot ihe ka o kwesr chebe onwe any!
any nyochara otu ugboro a njik ah dum usoro nd nke osisi: ka juices zaa ot
na; ya; d ka pushes gbala anya na alaka na-eme ka aghariigha na onwe ya; d ka
e me na okpueze skyward na na mgbrgw ke omimi, bna d ike na-enwegh nd

ha na n'ala ahha onye a ga-ahr ma b esi n'ebe ah; d ka na-ekele opupu ihe
ubi na-eto eto epupta, mgbs akwkw na-acha mkpr osisi; a ogologo oyi ra, na
mgbe ah malitere na ike si Fresh; na ihicha na-adabere epupta na na freshness ya
erects; -enweta ume hr na d;umherkriecht d ka creeper na-ach nkwado; - Izu
Ike na dika uzari zoro nkt naan ke nwa osisi, mgbe ah aba a bch ebe gaemepe ka h; d ka na-amalite esite isi na-aputa ihe n'akparamagwa variable
okporo z na butterflies, a na b; d ka mmekah b r na ya; b tt
emepe; mgbede ma b closes tupu mmiri; h, ibe; - Ma o yiri ka m na ga-esiri
any, ihe a dum zza na zza, ka estidem na mpga mgbanwe ot garanya
gburugburu nke nd n'efu, ebe tgbr n'efu na-eche echiche efu n'ihi na adgh
emet ha n'ah.
N'ezie, e nwere nd mba ihe rba ama nke sensashion nke mmad, a cat, a nza, a
az, a frog, a worm, ihe any na-ah n'ebe a; e nwere ihe rba ama nke mmetta a fir,
a ta nri, a lily, a ariara, a akpaetu. Ma ime-ime nd nke osisi ghara ikwughachi ya
nke anman, ma ark. Na b ma ezu ntnyere na nd rba ama nke nd bna nke
any na-z gosipta osisi d ka mkpr obi any ma b nwunye? br na any
adgh nn gabiga k mpako nke any kw, nke any na-aga-esi banyere ya na ha
daa n'ala ime, d ka e nwere ezu pua nwere kw na-bna a mkpr obi mkpa ekubi
ume. Ee ike osisi na-agba s na iti mkpu d ka any, dgh onye kwuru okwu ha si
na mkpr obi; nd niile na-iche iche na siri na nkt agwa nke mkpr obi na ha emit,
anygbu any nke ukwuu, d ka na ike ike, any na-at uche ha; ma osisi na-elegh
anya d nn ogbi maka any n'ihi na any na nti chiri ha. Ma any na-ekwu na ya nke
a osisi nke di na ok kch, ha na-ele mwute, panted, ahsi anya. br maka ma
any na-eche ihe nke iru-j, s, ag na osisi kara onwe ha, ka any wee nn t
nke a anya mgbe kwwa Ib akwkw na b ihe na-agabiga? O yiri ya, kama nd
nile na-ag akk nso ka na-eje ije kara any. Gnkwa mere any agagh ekwu d ka
site keakamere ifuru na ha anlache any d ka a d nd, n'agbanyegh ot o yiri nd d
nd? Gn z kara n'ihi na any chpta na a n'ezie na-ach ch mkpr obi naan
na a, bgh ya? Christ baara nd Juu b nd choro iriba-ama na lu-ebube iji
kwere; any abgh nd j kara nd Juu, n'ezie na any na-ah ihe rba ama na luebube nke mkpr obi d nd, ma unu achgh ikwere na ha? Gn ka any ga mgbe
ah nt ah iji kwere?
any r any now anya na niile oge na nd gburugburu a nso n'uche na mkpr obi,
na-ebe ifuru nwa osisi ga-emepe.
D ka na mb ume nile n nd nke osisi site na oge a si na o yiri iche on a d ike, na
mberede, t na anya ha mgbe ha na-now-agbasa emeghe ihe ha naan nan ch
n'chchr, na-ar r na-enwegh nn ebe maara ihe na-emetta, na-enweta na
otu na-emeghe iko ola d ka onyinye si n'elu na zuru nkedo gw, ihe at nke ihe a gaozugbo natara na r any ka elu nke elu, mgbe mkpr obi ga-agbaji bna any na
ozu. Ma b any na-atnyere ya ugbu a nan na wa na-eme! Tut elegh anya ifuru
d iche iche megide h on d ka ihe nd d ot ah a yi ifuru na-egosi na ah mmad,
ebe anya ga-emepe nke mb megide h? Folds ha-elegh anya ha kaa akara, juru
n'n n ke nwa osisi kporo d iche iche iche kara urukurubba nan kaa akara, juru
n'n n na nwa bebi nku? Ka na-, dd nyere any anya na agbajikwara na

gbpta Butterflies ezigbo sensashion, na elu na gbpta ifuru nan n'elu ah ihe
rba ama nke mmetta; any na-, nan sensashion kaa akara thereinto tr? D ka ma
br na dd bla z d ike na akakwu mma ma na miri onyinye d iche na oru
na ike ga-ab mgbe any, any nwere ike inye ya ihe o yi bgh tt obi na-akpachi
anya n'onwe ya, bgh ihe niile any densities bna naan a icha mmirimmiri
ngosipta nke mmetta ha ga-ad, b ebe N'ezie any onwe-adgh natara na-abata,
ma naan ya. D ka ukwuu n'echiche any nwere ike iche onwe any na-agbawa
okooko ifuru, o nwere n'ezie dgh ihe z, ee n'ezie ihe; onye bla nke na-adgh
ganme a sensashion, o nwere miri na zuru ezu kar kara ihe bla z ha nwere ike
na-ele ya.
O sina d, m na-aptagh na b naan n'ime okooko oge, na adgh emet ha n'ah
nke osisi na-am anya, nke b ma elegh anya fd kweere na-megide ha nn
ugboro, na egwu egwu ya. z kwa, b a mara mma chchr ihe na obere
sensashion, gn ga nd n'ebe ah, ma elegh anya darker kara any olileanya adghzi
dream echiche. Ma ike ma doo anya, n'ihi na ugbu a ewepta, n'ihi gn ka ekwegh
na mgbe osisi Enyi kacha enyi na oge ntoju, na-ad bna tupu okooko, mgbe m naadgh obi ab na urukurubba nke na-ele ka a urukurubba onwe m Enyi kacha
enyi d ka a katapila? The osisi tupu okooko ala b ma d ka b nd n n'nd yiri
ya n'dnihu okooko ala. na-eteta na okooko hr ptara na nd instincts na ya
nke nyekwa niile gara aga tojuru, juices na-amanye a d iche iche ntziaka na ojiji,
nke ah n'ezie ya dum nd nd b ihe z.
Iji mee ka a nta nkpu anya, b nd okooko osisi na m ahh, karsa butterflies,
mgbe ezi iju yiri n'out oge na complementarities, naan na ifuru, ka retains ya na mb
nd ogbo, site uku otu d ka isi n'etiti onwe ha, mgbe urukurubba nd dburu ogbo
kpamkpam gbaa ya t, ma b kama, ka repealed na nke ya onwe. The osisi
mkpr obi ahu ya a na-ewu ka a steep onye elu ugwu b ifuru na-angide untern
nkebi; na urukurubba ijiji o doro anya na ya na mb lar elu, ma yi ha ihu ma na
ikuku na-eme ka ha d nn eziokwu na a elu, ya mere, ya kpamkpam ka miri. The
katapila nd nke ogwu, nke b ha image, nd urukurubba nke ifuru, nke b onyinyo
ya. Ya mere ma nso, urukurubba na osisi naan tinyere nd ya gburugburu site na. A
ncheta nke nd nwere ike eme z ka ya. The katapila na-achpta na nke rr r
d ala ala, zlitere ka elu na a elu h n'ebe d z; ot nwoke d ka nke d gburugburu
nd, o biri nd ebe a, na-otu bch ga-ah elu ka elu ala; ma d ka urukurubba
nwere ike mgbe ah na-awaghar karr otu puku z na okooko osisi, o nwere ike otu
bch-annyere any. The osisi-enwe mmas ya imej mgbe katapila gnaws na ha
epupta. na-eche fd: j katapila! Ma mgbe ah, br na urukurubba naaba ifuru, o nwere ike ime ya t d ka na-eme ya. br na, Ot d, osisi
katapila na mb iriju af na ah mgbu, nd urukurubba nwere ike otu bch agagh
eme ka ya obi t. Ya mere, any nwere ike iche na ihe any na-ach nd z n nd a
na mgbu, na-otu ugboro laghachi na any n'dnihu nd ihe t nke nd mm
ozi. Ma br na any chere na any, nd okooko osisi n'ogige agaghkwa empfnden
d ka akwkw okooko osisi, n'ihi ya, ga-N'ezie a na nd z mara mma oyiyi; nd a
ihe oyiyi nd bna akwkw okooko osisi.
Ego ole ga-angide na unenjoyed na dd, ma br na bgh osisi calyx iko ga-

adpta ya, any nwere ike, nke na-adgh na ya na-a site na nd a iko, b ezie na
o siri ike guessed; ma fd n'ime ya ka d any ezu tupu ya anya any si ele ihe
anya. Na mkpokta ya adgh adgide adgide nd mmas okirikiri a ole na ole ihe nd
z anya.
Gn anman na-eme ka si a dewdrop ihe; ya emee ka anya doo anya ya na odbe
si na mmiri ozuzo. zkwa any baara, any ga-Wade na d, osisi on mesa echebe
any p n mmiri ozuzo; osisi, Ot d, d ka kr meziri ijide ya; onye bla
akwukwo na-agbasa na-eme ka na-eche bna oghere ya; naan ifuru, bu n'obi nd
z n'ihi na a nd na h b chch na-emechi megide mmiri ozuzo, iji gasiri z
mara mma ka reopen; dum osisi b site igirigi ma mmiri ozuzo, uma nke ume
hr. Ma ihe niile a b na-enwegh any. Any na-akp ume hr osisi kwesr
nn a beautifying okwu maka zza nke a ka nz cellular an ah; -ab nn ka
mmiri ozuzo na igirigi ime as oyi mmiri.
Onye r ubi ga-ad n'ezie nakwa banyere mmiri ozuzo n'ihi na ma bgh naaba ihe ubi ya, any, n'ihi na any nwere mmiri ozuzo kwagaa uzuzu na dd na-enye
a d hr ah;ma, b naan an ; -azpta any ghara ajj nke mmad nd naele anya kpmkwem na igirigi na mmiri ozuzo. Ma ugbu a ma na-aga n na ihe nd
kas mma. Onye r ubi ga-ab n'ihi mmiri ozuzo na-akwalite onye ganihu nke ya
mkpr-d ka a na n'ime ime obodo ya, b nke chr b; Ugbu a nke ma, na mkpr
ga-enye ha ganihu t ozugbo si ot.Any na-mma mgbe j n'okporo z na ubina-asa p; b a n'ime obodo g mara z, chch any na-akwalite; ihe-etolite na
nd a na z gas na n'akk nd a, a ga-enwe a kpmkwem, mma na j naan ya naasa p.
dgh ihe na-egbochi na-eche ma br na na bna dgh irighiri akwara d
mkpa maka inwe mmetta na mgbe igirigi m irighiri mmiri tt b na osisi, na
b d ka mmetta a doo ntp nke jr, na mgbe ah anyanw adahade, ha na
Sonnenbildchen ya d ka a doo ntp okpomk na-eche, na-eche na nway
nway wegleckt igirigi. A mara mma game of sensashion, nke na anman aj an
nn ike ewere nd; Ya mere maa jijiji a aj an igirigi tlee si; Ya mere na-eme ka
osisi ya aka oghere aka. ma mma na d ukwuu, nke nwere beperlte n'ala ahha n'z
n'ihi na any b, m na-eche, nan eyi echiche nke mkpr obi na o nwere n'ime.
b nke ukwuu nicer na-eche na b ot ah, ma ugbu a, m na-ah ka ghara iche
nwetr ihe mgbochi, na b nn eziokwu. Na ihe mere any na-ahr na-agwa a
mkpr obi gw maka nkt mmiri mgbe any na-free ime ka mmiri a isi gw?
D ka igirigi, na mmiri ozuzo, o nwere ike b na ifufe. ga-ab tt ihe nd z
nke na blown p n'ihi ihe bla mgbe osisi dgh ihe karr any nwere nghta
nke ya r. Ya mere, ha chebe onwe ha site na dgh l, dgh uwe, dgh ebe
nzuzo na aka nke z, ma nd free n'z, gbagr agbag na mgbada, weere ya naama jijiji na ifufe. The eziokwu na ha na-esite na wa, b otu ma b nn ihe z
siri ike agha na ha karr ayi; ka mgbrgw ezu vibration, onye bla akwukwo
nma jijiji na rustles. M ptara na osisi ebe a elegh anya na-amas na-ebu a siri ike
n'echiche, d ka ma br na ifufe na-ewe any site na ya ntutu. Any ntutu b ihe
nwr anw akk nke onwe any; epupta nke osisi ma d nd; any nro, articulated

articulated akk nd kwesr ekwes n'ihi na-adr nd vibration na mgba site ot ha

isiike azuokokoosisi ma b stalk. Any nwere naan obere eardrum na any, nke naike agbat na jijiji site na ikuku mmiri na ebili mmiri. The osisi a na-, drummed site
na nd d ot ah eardrum ka ifufe; na any na-an da n'z na-afr mkprhh nke
ifufe site epupta nke osisi, d ka ma bgh na osisi na-enwe mmas na obi na-ad
n'ime. na-eche na dgh onye na-an ma e wezga mgbe any na-ata a siri ike
jikr n achcha mgbe any internally ukwuu an ya. bna n'ihe nd yiri nway
ikuku, mgbe na-enwe snow, any na-ah snowflakes on na anya, na-ada
gburugburu. Ihe any na-eche nke a ikuku ije? Any enwegh akk. Osisi b elegh
anya d nn almdi ya; nwetr ije nke ikuku na-eweta ma a nta vibration nd naekwe ka pua, na-ar r ah dum; n'ihi na bgh nan na vibration, na ekwe emee
ya. Ebe a na-a mpempe akwkw kpudo d ot ah a z na-mechie, na juices nwere
site dum osisi, ga-ab ya mere obere, na-aga d iche iche. ifufe rustles ike site n'ok
ha, bna na-onwe any nn involuntarily na-eche na mm nke dd rustle
site. Na ezi-okwu now osisi na okooko osisi ndido urk nke a ukwuu mkpr obi
harp aba uche any na-eme ka ifufe. Onye bla eriri na-ada d iche iche n'ihi na
onye bla a na-ewu d iche iche na ya, na Chineke ga-an izugbe game n'onwe ya.
Na-eche nke isi. More Olee t na-egosi any; ma na-efu nile senti na ihe bla
mberede etbe ke nnyn noses; a obere akk nke any, Ot d, ifuru b nn
censer? Onye bla ha chere, b ihe indescribably mara mma, mara mma na
Nwere Ifuru senti; ma na-angide maka nke bla onye kachas elu obere
okwu; any na-eri ihe ya loveliness, d ka any maara ot e si enweta ya, dghkwa
otu nkeji any wee dr imi a ifuru, nke mere na any na-nri na-aga; Ot d na-esi isi
ifuru mgbe niile, d ka ma br na o nwere iji mezuo a ufk ufene azmaha. we
me ka a anwr k j nye Chineke? Ma ihe nwere ike ije ozi Chineke j a naadgh ewetara ya site a mkpr obi? N'amagh ihe kpatara, ihe karr kara n'efu ihe
niile mgbe s t nke okooko osisi, bgh tt ihe nd z n'ihi na ya onwe m b
na e nwere nan iji nke nd z, bgh n'ihi na ya onwe m; ma br na ihe any
na-, chere ihu n'ebe ah okooko osisi nke nd d ka externally, na-ekpori ya swiiti, ihe
karr otu n'ihu talatara nke ihe a na-enwe mmas na okooko osisi nd n'onwe
ya. nye ntworo-ab ab a t song, nke onye br ab, s ya, agaghkwa chere d
ka onye nr ya, karsa ma br na bgh a umu-nna mkpr obi? B na a dgh
kwa n'ihi ya kweere na ifuru na estidem elaboration na outflow nke-at t s t
nke ya ime ka ukwuu na n k n'obi kara ka any na-eche ya n'elu ah
mwubata? Ugbu a a iko agbaptara ma na-a-esi s t na a puku nd z chalices, na
a iko na-anabata ya az otu puku nd z chalices. D ka-adgh ah anya all adta
s t si ifuru ka ifuru, na ifufe ka na-af ya ebe d anya hedges na d. br na
nke a bkwa ihe efu? bgh nan na ugbu a n'z zuru ezu ihe mere ihe keisi
okooko osisi na-, Ot d, dgh onye na-aga na ubi? mgbe aga na ibe ha ka ha
apta na-ofu. Onye bla ifuru mkpr obi d ka ihe si n'aka nke z na okooko osisi
na ya window,-enweta a n'echiche nke ihe na-aga na nke bla z na okooko osisi
mkpr obi; d ka nd ah okwu nd any na-an, na-emepta kwekr ekwek
mmetta na any, d ka nd nd ha na ha Andr-ekwuptakwa. bna okwu na-amas
Tete naan site n'ime ime sensuous ozi, gn mere ga-erugh isi? Okwu maka any,

fragrances maka osisi; nke doro onye na-amagh now ot ah b nd nwere gg isi
ihe ihe nyefee nd d ot ah okwu; ma e nwere naan a echiche na na nke z
mkpr obi n'ime ya, bna mmetta? b ezie na e nwere ike b odorless okooko
osisi, ma bgh ogbi m anman? N'ezie, any na-ah dgh akpan akpan imi na
ifuru isi s; ma d ka na-wuru kpamkpam d ka a iko, esite-esi s t, na-egosi
nn wuru na-enweta ya, d ka free na mbara na-emeghe ma na-ad mfe na-agbasa
ya. Ka any cheta naan na any amagh mgbe nile nso any nwere n'ime imi ebe ike
na-esi isi, n'ihi gn ka bgh ime-ime n'elu okooko osisi na-dokwara ma ruru eru?
Na any na m anman, gan s b zoro ezo; n'ihi na nke a any nwere n'ime
tortuous turbinates pr iche ngwar dkwuo s t-anata n'elu; na osisi dgh ya
mkpa nke nd d ot ah artifices, kpomkwem n'ihi dum ifuru b na-emeghe ka a naah odors. Ihe onwe onye na-af ju aba a isi nzube, nwere ike mgbe niile ime na
mfe ghtakwuo d kara ihe nd z a ga-subordinated d ka akk akk.
The s ewe any nr t, na ihe mere any kwesr ak bgh a tkwasr obi
n'onwe ya na, n'ihi na nke ukwuu na-adgide ungeschmeckt na dd ma br na
bgh naan osisi detr? Man, na anman d onwe ya naan osisi na anman nd
z; osisi ar ihe niile na nd mmad na m anman na-adgh amas; ee kas d ihe
ha kas eleda ya anya. Ya mere, any nwere n'ebe a z a ntkwas mgbe e wezga
m anman ka na-nr t na osisi, na na otu kara, ma br na ha apgh ime
ya. Ugbu a, any na-ah, zkwa, na onye bla osisi, dabere na ya agwa, a nhr
na-mere n'etiti nri. N'ihi otu ala d iche iche osisi banye Ihe d iche iche; ozizi akuku
adiana na-egosi ya n'ime d ukwuu; Nwere nke si n'okike gosi na ya na miniature.
bgh bla osisi na-at ah d ka adgh ka m anman otu. N'ezie, osisi nwere
ez ya, dgh ire; Ma bgh bla mgbrgw eriri, onye bla mpempe
akwkw, nke na-efu ha ihe oriri na ihe nra miri elu site na a ire? N'ihi na any
maara na na-edozikwa site music nakwa d ka site na mgbrgw. Na ihe mere naata nri ma br na ha maara ot e si eme nd na-enwegh ez?
br na otu kwuru banyere: na osisi na-az na nwr anw inorganic ihe, naekwu nn n'aka na b ike iwere a na; sensashion d ka anman na-ar na-bna
organic bekee?The osisi kwadebe nan Nwr Anw maka ikwu n'z n'ihu n
nd; ma nke a b onwe ya ka n n'etiti ogbo n'etiti nw na nd. M na-ar aka nke
z: dgh ekpughe ihe vitality, mee ka nd nwr anw, gbanwee nd? The osisi
na-eme ka si raw wa, mmiri, ikuku na rere ure na ihe marcha dd na cha; na
anman nwere nan ole na ole fdr na-eme, na mgbe ah iji tghata ama ot nd
na-eri an adawo ihe onwunwe n'onwe ya. Ma n'ebe nile any na-ah na onye bla
ba emee ihe na organism, nke ukwuu nd mgbal a na-mere d mkpa iji mee ya, naenwekwu mmas b kpte sensashion. Ya mere, m na-ekwu, any nwere, iwu nke
aka any organism atle ich bgh obere kama ihe adgh emet ha n'ah na osisi na
assimilation nke nri d ka any.
Iji nchikota akpatre ihe pr b nd kas elu n'ihi na osisi, h, otu ugboro z na
anya. zkwa any anya nd chr nlezianya ka h; a na-adgh unenjoyed, b ezie
na osisi onye otu onye dgh onye. Ma, olee ot d iche iche o nwere ike na-enwe
osisi na-ebi nd culminates na h nke nd? Olee onye n'ime any na-enwe mmas ile

anya anyanw na ogologo anya? bgh anyanw, naan ihe na-ah, any na-ama
na-ele anya. Ee, br na o yiri ka any na n gg kas elu, any na-adabere okpu
ma okpu. Otu ihe ah ka m anman d ka a dum. bna nke ugo, site efe efe ka
anyanw, Anam Udeme ya nkuchianaya n'elu anya. The ifuru ma na-kpamkpam ruo
h on, ot a ka h na meghere; nd z h shines na ha, nd z ha na-eme ka onwe
ha, Ot d, any kar, na-emechi anya any megide ya; eto nke ma ebube obi t
na nke bu eziokwu na ha naan gasiri z b ume nke mmiri ozuzo na igirigi. Ma, ka
any niile nd adgh emetta t. kwesr na mmad nd ah na-esote anyanw
anya, nwere ike sunbathe na wastes anwuochicha. Ma m na-eche kama, nd nwere ike
wep anya d nn esote anyanw, d nn egosi n'eziokwu na ya na ya na-enwu z
na-enwe, kara onye na-achgh ka any na-ah nnennen.
b eziokwu, osisi z bgh inwe anya wuru d ka nke any; bgh ngwar
na ihe oyiyi nke akpkwa na na na ya na-ebilite d ka na anya any. Ma gn mere
chr ya? ka bgh na-agba s na ihe ghara anya d ka any na-eme. N'ihi nke a
any ga-N'ezie-eduzi ihe oyiyi nke ihe. Ya na ihe niile si n'aka onwe ha mkpa ha. Ma,
kama nke ihe nke anyanw na-awa, ga-ab na bescheinenden Anyanw, na na-na
n'otu oge ah bna sunlit ihe. Kama ikwe ka a yi foto nke ihe agba on, d ka itbe on
any retina, na-enye nkwa onwe ya na yi sunbeam incarnated a, ya mere, ikwu
okwu, na onwe ya. h osisi; ese ya anya na agba; na-esikwa nri-ya nectar na-esi s
t; ferments, tr niile d n'ime ya; we re ku ya na ba mmetta nke ha onwe
ha ekpuchi-ad, nakwa na n'ime ebe a na-kenmde ihe nke a Kas Elu banye onwe
ya. Enye ama ese, site na-ele anya anyanw, ot na-ekwu okwu, ha Chineke ihu na
ihu na njuputa-ebube ya, na anyanw b n'ezie n'ezie a na-acha anya nke Chineke,
nke na-ese na ihe na-ele ha anya z.
bna Schelling kwuru, ga-osisi nsh, ha ga-efe h d ka Chineke ha. fn,
dgh h mepere emepe nsh, d ka any b, o nwere ike ma enwekwu ke ray nke
anyanw, b nke na-akplite ha nke ma kara nd ha na mb maara okirikiri ka any
na-enweta ihe Chineke na uche. - The na-eson na-eme mara mma ikwu, m na-ag na
Hegel na nk ihe mma nke okike (p 425):
"N mgbede, mgbe kwp n'akk wwa anyanw on a flowery n'ala ahha,
pr h a ole na ole, ikekwe dgh okooko osisi n'ihi na ihe niile anyanw na-eche
ihu, mgbe ah na emblazoned on mgbede n'akk nile juputara okooko osisi Alsoututu ihe n'ala ahha mgbe b n'isi. na-ah na echi-aba, dgh okooko osisi; nan
mgbe anyanw ghara, ha chigharia, n'ebe wwa anyanw. " - bgh ezi d ka ma
br na okooko osisi nke ahha na-ekwu okwu Community vespers na mgbe ah, ka
tghara iru-ya n'ebe Chineke n, ra buuru? Ma Chineke achgh ka ya na-ehi
ra; ha mgbe niile ada na ya Search na-ah na-eje ije na ya na-enwe . b ya
mere na-eje n'abal na nzuzo n'az ha na kptere ha n'tt na a n'ozuzu ego na-aj
ebe m b? Na onye bla amama isi ya ruo mgbe ha hr ya, ma ugbu a na-aga
bch n'elu ya.
b eziokwu na bgh ihe niile osisi anya na okooko osisi ogologo n'ime
anyanw; ot tt nd na mkpda; ee fd nd n'ebe ah, ha na-emeghe na mgbede
na tt ma b nso n'iru tt. Chegod banyere eze nwaany nke abal. 2) Ma,

bkwa abgh ikwu na mmadu nile na d na Flowery ya ewetara nd kas elu n

gg kas elu nke h nd; nd kas elu d kwa iru mmad ole na ole. D ka e nwere
mmad ole na ole kpamkpam atghar mkpr obi ha nye Chineke, ot ole na ole gaar otu bch anya na ya kpam kpam. b zuru ezu na ma ohere kwesr iwere na
ifuru alaeze, na-abata na nd kas ibu na kas elu zuru t nke h, ma ebe z. fd
okooko osisi nwere ike b kwa-enwe mmetta s s n'h ah, d ka fd
nocturnal m anman; ma nke b eziokwu onwe-ya, onye bla ifuru b nke a naakpa gw d iche iche na strangely, d ka mmad nile na ihe bla na anman d
peculiar na-akpa gw megide ha adgh emet ha n'ah stimuli, na-at aro na h b
n'ezie nd d ot ah a ihe mkpali maka osisi.
2)

The Queen nke Night, Cereus grandiflorus, ga-emepe onwe 7 pm na-emechi

gburugburu n'etiti abal; na a pr iche ifuru na-asuan. The okooko nke
Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum aka tt bch na-emeghe a n'usoro na
mgbede na 7 am na closes 6 ma b 7 nke tt z. zkwa e nwere nd z
d ka okooko osisi. (Decand. Physiol. Plant II. 27. 28)

Olee ot tt ihe nd z d mkpa nwere ike b h n'ihi na osisi d ka any, naebilite si direction na ha na- n'otu, ya b eziokwu na e nwere tt ihe nd z d ike
eme ya dum nd usoro kara nke any. Any na-adgh eto n'z nd z, any adgh
eku ume d iche iche na h ka h si. Chpta ma adighi ike nkiri slide na sunbeam
ala na akpkp ah any; naan anya na-emet aghgh amara. Ma osisi na-eche na
ha ofri elu na ihe mkpali nke h, d ka enwegh a mkpali. na b onye ha naaksara green, b onye na-eme ka ha too nke ma; n'ihi na enwegh h kuk nile
bula angide livid, chr zlite oge ntoju. -Enwegh h enwekwu ya evaporation,
na ogwu akws iku ume ohere na ya na-enye Ome b ogologo ma d warara na icha
mmirimmiri, kama siri ike ma na ilu bekee na-emepta naan bland na-at t. bla
z na agba doo nwere d iche iche mmetta na nd usoro nke osisi.The okooko naewe a dum z nd na h d ka akwkw nd akwkw nd ogwu; na-eku ume d
iche iche na 3) , amama ma nime ya, nekpughe d iche iche nime ya. Ugbu a any n
na na, nd ka mkpa na d mkpa b a ihe mkpali maka ichebe na ganihu nke nd,
nd z ga-adabere na ya mediocrity, enwegh ma b n'ba, nkt z nke nd ma
b ntoputa nke mkpa pr iche mmetta nke enwegh ma b n'ba nd ihe mkpali
na-mettara; nd z fd bla mmeghari nke ihe mkpali a na-eche mgbe niile. N'ihi
ya, any nwere ike iche na-na h ga-enwe ihe nd kas mkpa ptaara nd sensashion
nke osisi, ya b a d iche iche d okooko osisi d ka epupta.
3)

The oge ntoju iwesa oxygen na h, mgbe ogwu meptara d ot ah.

Otu nwere ike n'ezie na-eche na eziokwu na ifuru b ya mere na-emeghe ma naenwegh ihe ize nd awade sunbeam, kwuo okwu naan nd kas megide a bukwanu
uche-ya nile maka h; n'ihi na any kpuo s any mbubere nso na h anyanw, any
ka tlesr kacha doo anya ihe rba ama nke a ukwuu uche maka ya. Ma any na-ah

n'z zuru ezu, n'ihi ya, b kama a ukwuu insensitivity naan a ukwuu nchebe nke
uche nke ihe any kwesr ma na osisi. N'ezie, Mkpa k ntachi obi nke h anyanw
na akk nke osisi na-adabere naan na i na ha allverbreiteten ogwe maka h bna
maka otu sat, d ka h-etinye uche ngwa na kwukwara ka any na oghere ngwa nke
anya. Site na nke a anyanw image na ike any retina, nan na any agbakas maka h
ntp lekwasr anya, any ji n'aka, aj ntigbaa; osisi lends onwe ya na-enwegh nd d
ot ah Brennglas h agbakas n'ebe nile b, kama maka otu ihe ah na
overstimulation otu sat dgh mfe doro. Any b nd ya na otu uche megide ha nke
ukwuu n'ihe isi ike. N'ihi na any nwere ikike aghta h, furu efu any ukwuu akk
site, b nan otu ib anya; ibe ruziri ka o nyere ha aka nke wuru, ot any wee anya m
anya ayi; enyem aka ha d ka ihe karr ub eru, na aka nke z d mkpa wuru gba
akwkw z. N'ihi na na-emeghe mfe free mgbasa nke osisi na h ya mkpa z aka
ma aka wuru Collection, ihe na-echegbu onwe na-echebe
Korrektionsmaregeln. N'ezie, na at anya d any nke anderm kpr nan naanakta kara h, na-na-ahazi ya na image; kama b naan n'ihi any, b na nke a
bara uru, nke dgh onye ga-ab maka osisi.
Mgbe niile, na ha gsi, ma olee, nke kachasi elu, na-ekwu ihe ga-, nn ka any
dozie naan, osisi na ka ha guzo na agbanyegh miri emi arr any adgh emet ha
n'ah; ugbu a ha ga-eme ot ah sikwuo nn ike ma baa garanya obi na-ad kara
m mmad na anman! Ya mere, ha ga-kama d elu kara any; any kwesr d ka
ha na. nan na nke a ma b na mettara nke mmetta ihe d ya n'obi n'akk niile,
n'z zuru ezu
Ndien ke akpanik, m kwere na osisi d elu kara any, naan na a enwegh ka h
alaeze. Kpomkwem n'ihi na kr a elu echiche nd, nwere ike b na ala, nzube nke
nd,-ma ka a ogo evolushn na ya, na-enwegh. N'echiche a, nd nwere na-ejere elu
nd naan na osisi ya mere autonomously ya azmaha. b a ndudue ma br na
onye na-eche na dd a kere eke pa kacha mma n'z bla z n'z miri emi kara
b a d iche iche. Tut b nile, b nan kwa ala d lar ka a elu ugwu nke ya. Ya
mere nduru skims ma tt n'ihe ugo; na-esi isi mmiri na-enwegh na-ah ya; na
woodworm maara na-ad nn mma kara m mmad; b nn n'ebe ahu, na
bna osisi ga-at, ebe mmad ire b masr. M ptara, osisi nd ot nti na
emechaghi na wa, mmiri, ikuku na h, na ha nwere ike b nn na-anabata maka
sensashion nke mgbanwe nile nime ya; akpali ma n'ezie niile ha na-eme usoro n'ime
ya. Ma ot nn adgh na ha niile gafee l, na-enwe mmas na ya adgh emet ha
n'ah adgh nn na oge, bgh na-at, ma b downstream, ma na-ekere, ha
adgh eche mgbe nile, ma na-aga nd na ugbu , an na inweta elu-aba. zkwa
egw fd foto i nwere ike na-aba oyi. M kwa ihe a nd osisi ebe a naan; gaab mgbe e mesr (XIV) banyere ya na ka na-ekwu ya. b n'aka na br any
chr zpta nan ole na ole mettara nke sensashion maka osisi-angide nd kas sie
ike na kas mara mma ihe n'ihi mkpr obi ha ma br na mettara; ee, ga-aba
uru mgbal bun ikwu okwu. N'ihi na na-egosi elegh anya na nke a kas d ike na
nd mara mma mgbakwas b ma mma na nkt ike nke a onwe contiguous garanya
vibrant echiche nke dd, nke na-ebilite mgbe any na a meptara nd ime mm
maka niile mmekrta nke m mmad na m anman b a diche , naan ihe efu

ma incompleteness nwere ike, ebe maara z n'akwkw ya. Na nke nke a diche,
ma br na ha enwegh jupta osisi alaeze. Nke a b nn ihe a na-full ifuru; ma
any chr apnara ya izu ezu nke epupta na-ahap nan ole na ole stamens. Na-ab
ya bna ka any wee ch a bit nke ukwuu na osisi, n'ihi ya, b ihe d nn a d
n ala kara ego na brhaala na N'ezie kwa nta na-enyocha ha na ha.

V. agwa nke osisi.

Onye bla osisi yiri onye bula megide ibe ya n'h nke otu onye d nd agwa-di
iche iche, ka mma ime ot a na-akwanyere ya gw onwe ke ozugbo echiche na ike
mata ihe d iche n'okwu. Tlee Aurikel na Primrose; ha b nke otu nwoke na nwany,
na onye bla na-eme ya nn ihe z ihu. Ivy na wine iyi mettara, ma ihe a d iche
iche agwa! Ugbu a bna n'ime obodo Dwara: a rose, a lily, a tulip, a violet; - An
oak, a willow, a birch, otu osisi; - D ka ekewap niile ot kpebisiri ike. Ma onye
bla b nn otu na uma, ot ihe niile nke a nkedo gw. Na a osisi niile d mma na
siri; niile lush n'z zuru ezu na ihe z; na ihe niile siri ike na-az nwa; na ihe nd
z nile nro na pliable; na otu onye b na-akpata nkewa na z na-akpata nkewa na
aghwanye na-akpata nkewa na spltend z n'ebe ah; nke z kwa b 'na nan
ndinyanade mbne; b ezie na fd emegiderta, ma nke a ma z kegide a
n'ozuzu echiche. All okwu ma ruru ikpeaz ghara; na ot tt osisi na e nwere ihe,
n'ihi na onye agwa any ga-eguzo dgh okwu nn ihe kwesr ekwes iji n
ekwegasr, mgbe ma-egosipta onwe on na o na nsinammuo any mmetta.
b lr akpr ebe a nwere ihe yiri nn ka ke agwa okwu d iche iche nd
mmad, nke na bna nn na-ebilite na mmehie nd ibe tnyere nke ya onwe
ya. Ot ah ka rose na-tnyere nd ma ifuru girl, nwa agbgh ah na rose
blooming; na lily d ka a na-acha cha angel ke otu okooko osisi, na any na-atnyere
nd d cha mm ozi girl obi t z na lily;ot ah ka ihe efu Lady na tulip, a obi
umeala na nwa na a violet, nwoke d ike ma osisi terebinth mfe icheta na d ka onye
bla z. (. Chegod Freiligrath si uri: nd b nke okooko osisi) n'efu, n'ezie ga-esi
na-agbal chta niile osisi odide nwesr mmad na-ag akk ma b; Okooko
osisi, osisi nd d nn bgh mmad; naan nke a, na any achpta a predominating
otu onye gw, nd ma ihe peculiarity nke z ma zuru ezu ma b na-egosipta
mkpuchite; ma nke ah abgh na-, ma na ihe bla agwa osise nke nd na osisi na
m mmad ot evenly ekwekgh nile na-eji gakwuru na imecha akwkw nuju.
Ugbu a uma okwu na mmad b ihe bla z kara d n'elu ah gosi na n'ime
mkpr obi kachasi mkpa. The unit na onye peculiarity nke mkpr obi mmad
kwuru ihe nyeere a okwu n, na-abakwute elu, na-apta h z mkpr obi n'ime
ya. D ka any na-aba n'ime osisi a yiri nke ah gosiri na-enwegh ihe analogous ihe
okwu ilebara; owt maka unit na onye peculiarity nke ihe bla n'ebe a; a mirror
oyiyi ebe ihe bla na-akpata h ebe a?
Ha na-ekwu na b okwu ah, a ngosipta nke Chineke echiche, ihe na-egosi ebe
a. ma, ma b a Chineke echiche ebe bla n'az. D nn ka bgh nan na a
mkpa na izugbe spirit mbibi Na-eto eto na a onwe b n'ebe ah, mkpughe site n'onwe
ya nd iji na-eto, ihe at nke osisi a ga-n na-akp.
N'ezie, d nn iche nd na nke a na osisi d ka any artwork na ngwar. bna

na nke a, o kwesr onwe ya b ihe bla ma na-adgh nd, onye nwere ike ijide
n'aka ihe n'otu n'otu chta e ji mara na ihe mere ha na-egosi site na a nkedo gw; ihe
nchara ancha, petite, ar Tozuru Ok, Bold, Noble, Common, nke b reminiscent
nke a ime mm ma b maara ihe gbasara mm nke otu agwa. Ma any maara na
o nwere on kr n'aka nd ebe ah; na-eburu mmad agwa, n'ihi na na-eche na ya
agwa. Ma osisi mere ka onwe ya ma b e mere site na Chineke, d ka nwoke; ya
agwa okwu mere ike emetta na ka ba, kama b naan na a peculiar mkpr obi,
n'ihi na Chineke b onye okike nke mkpr obi nke ya.
Nke a na-emetta na mmas, nke any na-eburu okooko osisi na ndu, na nime uri, a
tt ihe nd z vivid, chiri anya kar b mgbe any na-anabata a kpr akp, a sere,
nke, mgbe niile, hnanya maka zr a elu kara ime mm mmas. Na ihe-elekta
ma na n'anya fd girl akwusila ya okooko osisi na ite na window, na agwa ya, saa
ya kwsr j, na-ewezga ya n'h ah, na-aj nd na-elekta ubi, d ka ezi-eme na
ya; a Auricula ma b Pelargonienzucht na-eme ka tt nd yiri d ka onye z
kpalakwukwu ozuzu. Akp, eserese nwere ike icho mma any l nke ma, mee ka
uche any; ma bna ot gagh ad nd any. One ekwu, s: myirta ka bi ebi odri
any; Osisi na-eto eto na gbala; a anya d nd; Images na ihe oyiyi na-adgh b. Na
na eziokwu na-akwa, ma n'otu oge ah na-eme ka ihe d iche; gagh aghgbu any
ma na-eduga any. D nn n'ihi na osisi nd na-etolite ma na drava, ese ihe, ihe
oyiyi bgh da nan site z aka, nwere ike na-presuppose n'ihe banyere mkpr
obi; mkpr obi, nke di na wapta, b nan ka ba; tgb na ifuru, ya. Nature nwere
nn ganihu ah n'ihu nd mmad na ha art, DS m anman, osisi, bna d nd.
Onye bla na-ekweta, d ka na mgbe nwa ah d nn ka nd ma na-enwe
mmetta nk kara nne agagh, nne nwere ike na-enwegh bi hnanya na obi t. Na
o yiri ka m na-edina n'otu njik ka any wee ghara inwe mmas na nke ukwuu mkpr
obi maka okooko osisi ot any na-eme ya, ma br na ha nwere na-adgh bna
ukwuu nke mkpr obi; rr ka ma ha ka nwere ihe karr nn mmas any naekpughe n'ihi na ha; n'ihi na ma okooko osisi na-eji naan n'ebe d nn anya, mgbe
any nwere nn ike ghta ngosipta nke mkpr obi ya d ka nne na nwa. Ma a ka
nwere tt ihe n'ihi ya, ka bna na-ewu circuit maka multiple pr ime.
Gagh abanye n'uche nd niile na? Nakwa mgbe, any na-egosi ya na involuntarily
ma na-eme. nwere onwe k ihe mma, na-enwegh echiche nke a n'ezie mkpr
obi nke osisi n'okpuru set, nke na mgbe ya n'z onwe ha nke agwa na na naa nke
mmad nke uche site na analg nke osisi kwara, ot ah z hr ngosipta nke otu
na z. "D nn ka osisi," na-ekwu Lotze ya iche iche si nd nke nk ma mma
(p.55), "meptara site na ha germs n'akk nile nke ya na n gg na ya
inwohnender akw gbala odudu, na igwe-oji na ifufe l ime ka ihe z, d ka
mkpebi siri ike ha b, ot a kwa uche kpam kpam na onwe ya, a igba nke dum dum,
nke n'ezie nwere ike na-akwa nd mpga mmetta na ya Whirlpool, ma bgh
gbanwe na ya d ok mkpa isi. " - fn mgbe ah, m na-ekwu, mgbe uche d na na
nke drava d ka a osisi, ya mere apgh inye a na uche na-anya gb nke osisi?
Na ibid (p 38) ekwu, s: "Na otu nchepta nke ha na-eto na-akwadogh akwado,
nke sitere n'aka nd d mfe shapes nke epupta, naan ihe mgbe ala ka elu nke ha

edinam, osisi na-amalite na ihe ime mm iche nke ifuru na bna jiktara contours
nke mkpr; ot ah kwa development ga mkpa ka a mgbe ewere d ka a gradual
inwetara na anynwa hkwu nke ihe mb echiche n'onwe ya ".
ga-ad mfe chta nd z nk ihe mma n'ihe odide yiri amaokwu na-aga na m
naan d nn unsought guzo onwe-ha na Ugbu gg. Eziokwu ah b na ha si
malite onye edemede na-eji ejikta mgbe niile nwere gg isi na echiche na-nk
results, d ka any z any ga-agwa ya na kwa chpta na ihe na-ezukta d ka a
random n'z z.
Na m mmad na anman na-adabere na e ji mara physiognomy, nke b nke ha,
a e ji mara nd d iche iche estidem dd, a mara iji na z nd Filiks. A d iche iche
mkpr obi aku na uba na-ach mgbe a d iche iche n'ah aku na uba owt ma b
gbelu, na izugbe gb okporo gw nke n gg gosiri nn externally nd pr
iche cohesive na ikpeaz unit nke estidem aku na uba nke anya. Na d nn ka
mmad na anman b na-na osisi. A mmad signatory b ezie na ma elegh anya
na-achp ya nile gg d ka Characteristically d iche iche ha nwere ike b, na
hatching na n'otu z ah; onye bla d iche iche osisi n'd ma, d ka anman
bla d b internally d iche iche kpara si na mkpr nd, emep uta eri, akpa; ma naagba s ah juices; ma bgh na-agha mee ihe. Ma bgh naan n'etiti iche iche
d, d ka osisi terebinth, willow, tulip, ariara, ndrta iche d ot ime, ma bna n'etiti
d iche iche nd mmad n'otu n'otu nke otu d; -erugh doro anya kara n'etiti umu,
nakwa d ka Negro Negro, k k ekewap obere n'z doro anya kara ojii si naacha cha, k ma b oke nke dum.
Ugbu a ma br na osisi ah ot kpamkpam ihe niile na mkpr obi kwesr
uniformly na iche iche na-egosipta n'otu oge; gn mere na mkpr obi onwe ya
na-efu na ya?
Nke mmas, uma di iche iche nke osisi nke otu d eson Decandolle si yie ka m
n'ihe banyere, gnyere nd z, (Physiol II p. 21.):
"N'agbanyegh ihe ruru ka umu-eke na-akpata gbanwe heyday, e nwere nd z
nke yiri ka-adabere na nd mmad n'otu n'otu onwe ha; banyere ke otu z d ka any
na-aghta rba diche d n'etiti nd mmad n'otu n'otu nke otu umu ke m
anman, nke b doro anya na n'okpuru otu mmetta na table Adansons. 1) , any
na-ah na fd Fliederstruche (Syr vulg) mbara mgbe nchikota nke degrees nke
okpomk b 620, ma na nd z 830 degrees mkpa; .. na n'ihu kpmkwem
Esparsettestauden (Hedy onob. . L.) mbara mgbe 1100 degrees nke okpomk na
nd z mgbe 1400. ndrta iche nd a abgh ka aghara ugboro ugboro ka iche d na
nd nke osisi ebe a ;. d ka site a na-echebe ma b bna d n ala site n'ebe
ugwu ifufe ike nke na a eru n'oge gara aga na mgbrgw wa mmiri etc .; fd, nd
a dd nke nkwa ma o yiri nn inadmissible b, ihe at, adkargh na otu onye
n'ime a squat na Rokastanienbumen-eje ije z, ebe osisi nile yiri ka nwere otu
nd, bgh kwesr fd nd na-achpta na mee elu mee kwa af .. ma b
mgbe e mesr ka nd z belauben na mee elu mee ma b mgbe e mesr
blooming. M bch ab Rokastanienbume uko b Botanic ubi na Montpellier
nade ma si ot ah n'otu nd d ka o kwere, o mbara otu n'ime nd a osisi n'ihu nd

z nile paseji na nd z na njedebe. Amaara m na a Rokastanienbaum nso Geneva

(na Plainpalais), nile n'af otu nwa mb ma leafy na d ka tt mb okooko kara
ihe bla z, ma enwegh ihe bla peculiarity nke ya na nd nwere ike kwa
na a na mb mmepe nke. A yiri nke ah na m ah e dere n'elu d n'otu akwkw
na-eme adgh na-emekar kwuru mere n'etiti nd k mmta sayens r. A witty
Unknown na-ekwu na ya ncheta (na Memoires de ngide na agba aja aja Mbipta,
Mpakta VI p.222). "Ana m ebo m ebubo ha nke nd mgbe m na-eji ohere a gwa
hr nke m na-ekpeghachi a af ma br na m d na mmalite nke mmiri na Paris.
otu n'ime ihe nd Rokastanienbumen nd Tuileries, nke dome ekara r elu n'elu
akp nke Hippomenes na Atalanta, e nwere otu onye epupta n'ihu na nke osisi z
nile ama meptara na Paris. on a osisi m na-eme ugbu a na-ama dgh ihe z 25 .
af, na dgh mgbe m ijide ya on a ileghara Ee, chr ihe z ga-ekwu, d ka fd
nd na m kwuru nke a osisi otu bch, ot ah ka m gosi ha otu ihe ah chptara na
ihe odide nke nna ya ede; n na label sat hr na ezi otu osisi-a bu na m hr. "
1)

The ngkta oge nke ogo okpomk b na ya na a peculiar z (Decand. II.

16), nke dgh mkpa iji tlee ebe a ebe . Nan a tnyere na Other -eme.

zkwa ebe a b otu n'ime nd na-eson jaa ya site Fritsch ya inem na oge
phenomena na akwukwo nri alaeze p.62: " bgh obere ka ab nuclei nke otu osisi
nke na-egosipta ihe m na-egosi na otu, ab ntule zlite nke, nke otu -adgh ike
na-esigh ike, mgbe a obere oge na ike adgh dwindles, ka nd z siri ike na ike naamalite na mpga mmetta na-eguzogide, n'agbanyegh ma germs meptara n'okpuru
otu obodo na nd Ihu Igwe na ihe h elekta n'aka dd ma b nke m mmad
nwekr ahuhu di zoro ezo. miri emi na-eme nke a phenomena, na ha nnyocha namettara ajj banyere ihe nd nke osisi ahu, nke mere ark na ogologo yiri kaangide dgh, ha mmetta na mmepe nke osisi. "
Ihe m mere nn, m naan kr na obodo gb oloko site na mkpr obi, mgbe m
guzo ifuru-ele anya na mmiri, nke b nke mb oge maka ihe niile a na echiche. O yiri
m ka br na m hr mkpr obi nke ifuru dr bna d ala all si ifuru, na nd
z na nd z na foogu sr, ka ikiri ihe fd e mere na mesr na ezi udi nke
mkpr obi doro anya ee nwogha, site ifuru. O mere nke ma bna ruo elu l nke
ha okooko l na-enweta anyanw mma kara ke ufk; e-adgh ah anya kwere ekwe
idem d ka mmad si nwa.
N'eziokwu, Ot d, o yiri ka m na niile ihe m kwaptara n'ebe a; nke ukwuu
almdi, d ka tt ina, na n'ikpeaz nke ukwuu agwa na nnchianya nke mkpr obi
na mmetta na-edina n'ihi na osisi na m malitere j onwe m kpr ihe, nke ugbu a b
naContribuu
ahhaan'elu
ha nnweghi ike agnah ya; na m na-idem, ma ha na-ah ot namillorarnke
la traducci
adgh ike on dum. b okwu mgbochi kn otu mgbe z; na mb echiche ga naaba n'az nri; ihe niile ma ot d iche iche na ifuru d ka m mmad na anman!
d ka ihe j chinchi juputara na igwe mmad gburugburu ifuru, ma onye ala z o
yiri gwgw gg nd na-egwu ha na-emebu ebe atrophy, onye agha mere, nke a
mgbe fd pr ihere ihere. Ugbu a, n'ezie, mkpr obi, n'ime b n'ezie g ebe! Ka

Text original

ihe nile na-abgh uzu gburugburu l g, amagh bi; n'ime l dgh onye nwere ike
imer ya. Ma, d ka ogologo oge d ka m ebe a, m ga-akws nd iro.

VI. Osisi nw na -Leid.

Hart ije mi ke akpa okwu ah b ot na-anw anw na o siri ike a eke nw nke
ihe nile grasses na okooko osisi nke ahha, niile nt nke ubi, nke osisi nile nke ok
ha, d ka ihe niile na-dara n'okpuru mma owuwe ihe ubi, na scythe, d, na m naeche: dd kwesr inwe d ka tt kere eke naan nyere sensashion, ka ihe niile
nw nw? b na ha n'ezie d nn kama ka ch ma rite uru z ka ghara, d
ka na-ach onwe ha mma na-eto eto na-eignem nzube? - The otu n'uche ya zutere m
mb, d ka m kwuru na nke enyi m kweere na osisi mkpr obi. dgh, si, na gaad oke j ma br na osisi d ka animated nd, ihe niile ga-nagide, ha apughi
bun ime mgbal iji na-agba s p!
Ka dgod, m lere anya n'aka nke z, d nn ka ke otu mba ebe dgh ahha
na osisi-anw anw z nke eke-akpata ya, na bgh a oke bekee, dgh ele, atr
ma b ehi ma b nynya, ee z fr nke nta dghkwa onye nwr anw a eke
nw. Mgbe niile, b nd ga na-akp ya d, mgbe mmad na-ahh site na ra obi
j nw. Otu nwere ike na-agbal nke a, na-abanye na preponderance nke mmad
omenala, nd dina z g d ka chr, ma jj a jr na adgh emet ha n'ah
nke e kere eke na b isiokwu a akara aka, nwere ike ghara ise. Nature kere imerime
e kere eke na-enwe ikike indescribably iche iche obi t, ma onye bla akpan owo,
ibi nd obi t, ot ahkwa ka ihe ize nd nke nw mgbu jiktara.
Eziokwu ah b na osisi pr bna ime ka mgbal iji zere ebibi obodo, n'ezie, na o
yiri ka any ihe j, ma naan any si ele ihe anya. br na onye agha na,
weghaara na n'kw na fal, mata cannonballs nso na-ada ka nwoke site-aga n'ihu
n'ihu nwoke anya, n'ihi ya, ga-iyi j N'ezie. na-eche na obi t kar, ikekwe
bna kara ma br n'ezie tisiri ya.Ma br na-ewe ihe ubi na-aga ebe ubi, ot
ah ka nt na magh maka ya obibia na-ele kp naan mgbe n'ezie akris; -adgh
zutere n'z nd z na onye nke tt ezi amanye onwe ya gbaso site a elu eke n'elu
ya na mberede akara aka na-enwegh ya gaara bna a oge ekochiela ihu ya
amuma. Nke a Unbesorgtsein osisi pr bna ya onwe ya kpere d ka a mara mma
n'akk ya, nn, nyere elu, nd gosiri d ka a dochie anya ya, na ga-, n'ezie, d
elu t na-adabere na ukwuu nghta na amamihe mee Umblick enweteghi ihe.
br na i kwere, mgbe ah, na k ka mma-ogbi mgbe cat egbu egwu na-akp, nke
mere na a nar ugboro na-ama-ele nw ruo mgbe ha na-ata ahh ya, d ka ma
br na na-gburu site na otu igbu ya poo? Na ihe any Imea Wieder gbapr ihe ize
nd nke nw nke ukwuu d iche iche kara ugboro ugboro Weghuschen n'okpuru
claws nke a big nwa cat, nke nke any ka na-mara na any ga-emes gbuo ya.
bna n'z nd z, onye chere na nd ah osisi mfe nj n'ihu. D ka imerime
osisi na herbs ka na-anw na eke nw na wildlands; ot nlezianya mkpr osisi na
okooko osisi na-azlite onwe any n'ogige. Ma br na osisi nile nke any ha naakpatre edebe, b ka a d ukwuu d ogologo nd, ka nwere nkezi nwoke. All ubi naakpatre gbuturu, ma, ihe nwere ida ka ibu kwa ahha? Meriwo ya ma mb any
njikta spam na ezi mmezi. The grasses nke ahha na-s kama kpachasiri agiri ka

atr na mgbe egbu, n'ihi na n'ala nke ahihia emeghi ot a, b ok obi t naan
hr krftigern Ome. Mgbe br na any akwatu akk nke osisi, dgh ihe
ptara otu ihe mgbe any na-agbaji site n'ebe any n, n'ihi na osisi na-adgh ot any
d ka on ese ike mgbe cha ma b na-adgbu adgbu nke onye akk nd z. Anya
isi a osisi fd okooko osisi, na nd z d ka da na ya mkpr osisi na-guzobere
nan d ka zuru ezu. D ka bara uru n'ihi na trimming nke nwere ike b portability
mkpr osisi, a maara. Ya mere, ga-enwe abgh nke ukwuu aka iburu buru a ifuru
ma b n'inyawa a ome. Enwe osisi ibido fd n'ime ya, ga-ad ka. With ahh
nke nd ah nd mmad, na-eje ozi, na-agw propel ya rkwu r, nke na-avails
nd na-esi ihe karr ahh ojoo ozugbo - Lee otu onye nwere na-atle nn echeghi
ma osisi mgbe na-echekwa kp na kagbuo d ka na ihe mgbu na-ele ka m
anman, ebe b nd z nd nke nzuk emeri ebe a n'ebe ah. The oke nke
Schmerzempfnglichkeit na-adgh ma elucidated. bna anman na-adgh kp on
akk fd na-ogologo ma isi gbelu nke mkpr obi ya na-eme. Otu nwere ike si
br na bee efep nnukwu iberibe enwegh ihe mgbu na-ebilite mgbe nd sensory na
omume nd z nke mkpr obi na-ata ahh site na ya. Na bna nd a na-adgh ata
ahh ma br na bee efep ukwuu site ka fdr akk ah na-anchi anya nd
r nke wepr. Ya mere, nwekwara ike ibibi anya, nwoke ah ka na-ese magburu
onwe ya na nke z. Na ot ga-enwe ike kwatu bna otu ifuru site a osisi enwegh
ya elegh anya na-ele osisi d oke mkpa, ma ozugbo site mgbu ma b nd z na-ata
ahh, mgbe ha naan z dokwara mara mma okooko osisi-angide; nd engine na
nke a ga-amba ihe z. br na onye chr ijide n'aka na na-niile okooko osisi,
n'ihi ya, ga-ab ihe mwute. Ma ndi-, b na-mgbe mwute, na ga-ach na ka
mma inwe osisi d ka mmad.
The nchegbu na any adgh eje ije site na akwkw nd akwkw nd z, nile s
bla ahha z, bgh bulie z ifuru nwere ike enwegh-achta enye nsogbu
n'obi metr any site n'icheta na a mmetta e kere eke a na-ata ahh na-eme, a gaathap n'z d ot a nn belatara , Ma any abgh ot sentimental mgbe any
elegh anya mgbe fd ya br na-etinyekwu onwe any mmekrta d ot ah; na
ga-ab naan iji zpta onwe any wetara mmetta na any chr idegara osisi
enwegh mmetta - ihu ma dum n'k nke ihe mgbochi b - ya mere any ga- gua
on ihe na-b n'ezie n'ebe ah.
Ka any cheta, d ka na-eguzogide any ka any mara na any elegh anya z ya
kw a puku obere anman na onye bla ije; d ka any na-enwegh nwetr k
nke na-egbu mgbu mmetta eri any an; esi nri buru ibu ite crabs; Ele, k Bekee,
ok ele ch nta; Birds Gbaa ma b mgbachi onye-ubi; m ahh ihe j nd z
n'ihi na collection; Aw maka nwere flay; iti na ikuku na a osisi anwnta; Yet ndanda
na esi mmiri; ma jijiji na pound ebe; Efe efe na ruo na Fliegenleim nwere ike wriggle
nw. bgh ihe karr ihe bla mba elu n kama b naan ihe ya onwe ya naadgh wont ime na nke a. Mgbe nke ah gasr, any ga-now elegh anya tr anya
na, any ga-eme ka mba uku mgbaka na echiche nke dachi nd any chr itinye na
osisi na-ach any na nzube banyere. Man maara ot guzobere na d ka. verspart ya
miko n'ah m anman na otu ebe o nwere nn enwegh uru igbu ha ma b
na-emekp, ma b nan na-aba z kara onwe ya nd a uru ka onwunwe. Ebe b

na a miko fd na-na; ezu. Na d nn ka ga-eme ka na osisi. Ma nke a b a

laudable n'akk nke nd mmad, dgh mkpa ka e lee; ezu, b ot ah, na ike,
mgbe nile, ya mere, d mkpa na-eke concatenation ihe a. Ma br na onye n'ezie
mta spr osisi dt gentler, e nwere ebe dgh nzube iwu ka kpasuo ya iwe,
ga-ab a mwepu? M ptara, d nn na-abgh!

VII. Ajj nke nnwere onwe.

The osisi nwere dgh aka ike nnwere onwe nke ije, o yiri tt ama negosi na o
nwegh mkpr obi na Ya mere sensashion 1) . N'ihi na, ha na-ekwu, ma adgh emet
ha n'ah, na-akwanyere a mkpr obi, na af ofufo ije, amalite of nke adabere n'z
b n, ebe a abgh otu onye, nke z apgh b. The osisi nd a na ihe niile na-eme
ya, d cha iwu nke eke mkpa. O nwere ike b a ihe mgbagwoju edinam kara na
unorganized n'kala; ma ot d mkpa na osisi na-etolite na iji kpebisie ike site
wa, mmiri, ikuku, k, na estidem ndokwa nd nke nkpuru direction d ka mbara
ala nd na-aga ha z. A mkpr obi, kama chr nnwere onwe, onwe-mkpebi siri
ike.
1)

Ya mere Autenrieth na-ekwu na echiche ya eke na iche echiche nd p.332:

"E nwere nd a ok organic ala-eze, osisi, na-enwegh Chpta nke nnwere
onwe ma b oke na okwu nke nd ya, na-enwegh ihe rba ama nke d ad
nke a mkpr obi"; na S. 223: ". Tlee osisi, nke nwere ike ekewet bgh
Beseeltsein ha n'ok enwegh ihe bla Chpta nke free uche"

Ikekwe bgh onye bla b onye kwuru ihe d nk. The mkpa na nke osisi naetolite, na na na usoro mbara Nkea na-, tt ka na-adgh egosi anabata, enwegh
ndidi mere-ach igbochi osisi ma n'ihi na free, na-ha n'ihi na a mkpr obi. Ma ihe
tfuru ihe mgbochi b nke sharpness, na-efunari ar. Ihe ikpeaz na-ach a peculiar
d nnwere onwe na-ka na-ah mkpr obi? N'agbanyegh ot i si chkta mgbochi,
any na-ach ka af ju otu n'ime nd na-eson z bla version.
Any ga-nr na nche megide ihe niile, bgh any dum isiokwu akpafu, ndi
mgbagwoju anya, na ise-okwu n'ime furu efu Nye ebe dum ozizi nke nnwere onwe,
echiche nke nnwere onwe na elu, a ka na-ejide. Nd ogbenye, lar-enwegh isi na
osisi mkpr obi ga-ad nj ka ogbi ma elegh anya ya onwe ya na-efu mgbe na
mberede nke ukwuu erudite nd k ihe mma chere n'ihu ha, onye bla malitere
ichebara ihe n'd nke ya, ma na ihe maara nke nnwere onwe unu gnweta ya onwe
ya kwara d nn maka naan mkpr obi na-eme.Olee ihe o kwesr na-ekwu?
maara ihe bla banyere ihe bla okwu. Ma m ewere ha na-ebu ha neatly si na k
mmta okirikiri si n'okpuru anman nke ok ha na ubi nke na ga-aghta mma,
ma na-ar a ole na ole d mfe ajj ha, nke a na-mara zaa ya nke ma.
N'ezie, ga-ekwe omume ka na-niile doro anya, nke a na-kws ma determinists
ma indeterminists ma br na any na-akws naan nk n'nu ka nke na nwere
ike na-abata mgbe dum n'gb any echiche, ya b iji gosi ya na osisi b nj kara nke
anman gw, onye bla nke nd d kpmkwem nke nwere ike b mkpa mgbe

adabere na nnwere onwe, e debere na onye z format si. Onye ah na-akwa m

anman maka free, na osisi ga na-akwa maka free; onye nd na-adgh kwuru free,
na ot tt nd na ha na-n'anya ka anman dozie ezi nnwere onwe d ot ah mgbe
ah na-adgh ekwu na nke osisi, bkwa ya ka na-aga aga nwere ike j ha, ebe b
na gagh nke m anman akpku. Ot ah ka osisi na-angide nakwa d ka
mkpr obi nke m anman na nke bla; onye nwere ike kwaa, agnah ma
b kweta na nd d ot ah na ot ah d nn na chr nnwere onwe na mgbe ya
akpan akpan nk ihe mma mmas; ezu naan nke ah, arbitrariness na m
anman ikwu set odide ah onwe ha na-emekar na-eji okwu nnwere onwe na osisi,
ma br na bgh otu ihe ah, ma na kot. Ma ka any lezie anya na-ahmah
ama d ka asugharia; ebe b na b kama naan a ajj nke na-eru site n'ahmah
nke isi-ya.
Site na nke any kwesr ghta banyere onwe na m anman any na-eji d ka
na-ach ka ukwuu ya Beseeltsein z? Si eziokwu na any mere m anman na-eje
ije n'ebe ah, na-efe efe, iti mkpu, na-ah Foraging-enwegh any na-ah externally
ezu inducements ime ot ah; o yiri a bit si n'ime, any na-apgh gbak. Ma ugbu a,
any na-ah a osisi ha buds, alaka, okooko ya ugbu a n'ebe a ugbu a, e, gbala na
one direction ma b z, na-enwegh na any na-ah ezu mpga inducements ka ma
nwere ike gbak na o kwere omume n'ime. Onye bla chr igosi na a osisi, ya
mere na bgh ma chpsa nd ah na akwkw na alaka? Freedom-egosipta
onwe ya n'ezie ebe a na kpamkpam d iche iche n nke Ije Ozi eduzi kara m
anman, ma bna n'ime m anman hr n'ime ebe a ukwuu l kama. Na na
osisi z dabeere n mmanye site mpga inducements kara m anman, a gagh
na-azr na, d ka any na-ah d iche iche na osisi n'okpuru otu mpga nd naakpa gw d iche iche yana d iche iche m anman. Nwetbegh a osisi nwere
niile ah n'otu z n'alaka ya, epupta na okooko osisi chpr d ka nd z, b
ezie na b nn yiri. N'ezie,-angide nke bla n'ime fd n'ozuzu, ihe ma b
obere nke iwu fd mettara ha dd; ma d ka nwekwara onye bla an; nwere
ike na-agba s d ka ya kw, d nn rie; ka onu okuko ka toro. N'ezie, osisi, naekpebisi ike na mmeghar nke ibu, ekwe, mpachi ya n'akk, nke na-eme ha, site
mpga stimuli, h, na ikuku, mmiri, ala; ma d ka nwekwara onye bla an. Ego
ole ya mmeghar site nwnwa na Laghachi setp mpga stimuli na-ekpebisi ike; d
nn bgh naan, d ka bna na osisi. N'ezie, otu onye nwere ike na osisi na o
kwere omume na-eche na ihe nd mpga stimuli, iwere n, ha omume n'nd nile
fd nn mkpa na nd nd na-edina n'ime l, na nguzobe nke osisi; ma z nke
ma na m anman. Nwere ya ebe b na ihe na-erugh mgbagwoju anya estidem
nd ngosi kara osisi, na-ekwupta ha ohere niile vermchte kwa ma elegh anya,
ihe agagh dabere na n'z naan? Kama nke ah, o nwere ihe nd z; nke naakwakwa disputed ekwe omume ka mannigfaltigerer na verwickelterer eme ya. gaya mere agnah n'z d ot a osisi nnwere onwe, otu onye nwere ike n'ezie o
N'ezie, na m onwe m kpamkpam nke uche na dgh ihe mgbochi ime ya; ma b
nn ihe n'otu z ah, na-arpta na ha ekwegh na bna anman; na ebe b na
m anman ka na-enwe mmetta na mmuo na-ad, n'ihi ya, ga-enwe ike nye otu
ma nke osisi d ka nke ma.

Freedom ke kas, na mmetta ime omume ma b doro nn onye bla, ma m

anman ma b osisi chr ka gbakwunye; ma br na bgh n'ihi nnwere
onwe a na ihe niile b bchagh kpebisiri ike na wa nwere ike d ukwuu ina kara
bna fd mara aka ghta ikike ikpebiri onwe ya d ka ihe d n'ime mkpa. N'ezie
bla ikpe b nnwere onwe, arbitrariness na nkt ala uche ziri ezi bgh ot echegbula
onwe unu banyere ikere k ihe, na a n'az-agha gha mkpa nwere ike iche na i buru
n'elu ha h ya anya na-enweta ihe ize nd nke na-aba n'ime agha nd d elu
dmma. bna a kpgara onye hinrast na-s instincts, any etinyekwa ha, ma br
na na-adgh nn agb, ma-enye ya na ihu ma ihe na-esi n'ime D Mkpa
gwgw gbala buga ya, na-agwa ya okwu abgh mmetta sensashion si.
Echere m na ihe i nwere j maka a kere eke nke ukwuu na okwu nke nnwere onwe
na-award ya na mkpr obi nwere ike, mgbe nile naan nke mere na na-eche na
gbala na-fd eme ihe karr nke ya. Nke a b ezuru. Ma nke a mmetta nke a
mbanye na-kere na mkpa ma b, ka nwere ike nchpta, ma, d ka ihe ngwta naah gburugburu ga-Anam Udeme ihe bla gosiri megide d ad nke mkpr obi
nke ya. Naan a ab anya nke dd nke free dnkenden mkpr obi nwere ike iputa
na ya. The ag na-ag nkta ha grabs nd nne okuko; na-eme, ikekwe nn mkpa
ruru ya oruru na d ad nke nne okuko; ma elegh anya, bgh; n'ihi na m na-ekpebi
ihe bla n'ebe a; b ezie na m nwere na mb uche, ma b ebe a n'efu na ya. Na
na-enwe mkpali nke jidere na nne okuko ka esie, ke otu echiche d ka onye na-edo
onwe ya n'okpuru a an ag, na-eche na nke a ag ihe j d ka ya, na-eme ka
omume ya mgbe niile aka ike, free na ala, rr ar uche, d ka ihe ihe esere eke gaach, ma na-ezu. D ka ot ya akwkw na alaka na-ebughar, ebe ha na-eweta ihe
na-akpali osisi na mkpa enwegh ihe bla nnwere onwe ka ukwuu; wofern ha na-d
nn na-ele naan mbanye d ka ha onwe ha, nd d mkpa, gwgw na-eche na ot
m anman mgbe na-erukwa ya claws na Fange,-ewepta kw ya na-agba s,
na-akpali ha akwkw na alaka ah n'otu uche free aka ike; na ebe ga-egosi na nke
a b obere ikpe na osisi;Kama nke ah, na-biri n'd nya gb ala, ihe niile
analogous ka m anman. Ee adgh nwere bna commonality nke okwu engine
maka any, na anumanu osisi on a Community kwupta a? Na instincts chr ihe nke
ayi; ma b ka any kwesr bna any ugbu a pta; ya nile na nkpuru-obi-ad; ma
ma mbanye a na-kpamkpam kpochap tinyere na-adgh toro iru nzube, d ka, ma
b, d ka osisi na ka toro nwere ike b kpamkpam kpochap any, na-akpali ha ka ha
gbata n'of na ya niile sat nd ah ebe e nwere ihe iji nweta ha, nke na-adgh
agbanwe dd nke oge se, na obi na-ad ya pkwara ike na nd ma ikpe. nwere, d
ka iche nke ya ma br na onye na-eche na osisi, kama a game of enyi na enyi agha
ka ogologo ka ebe a ihe mkpali drava ma b ime-ime ike nd na-akpali ha ga
wetara ma kpebisiri e site na mpga ike. Mgbe ah dgh mmetta ga-doro anya
na na-Triebes ad ugbu a na ya. b otu ihe d iche ma ayi aka agbat site a play nke
nd agha any na-onwe ha, ma b nke z nti ya ihe; nd nke mb ikpe na-jikr
ot obi nke onwe ya mbanye na nke ikpeaz bgh. Gn mere ga iche iche na
osisi? Na mberede, ma ikpe nwere ike dabere na otu mkpa; a ikpe b naan
mmewere nke coercion si n'ime na n'z ma bgh.
Nd a na-adgh na aka wuru h, ma-eme ka eziokwu naan tangible mmekrta

n'z doro anya h, nke b ekochiela ihu ke mb z nke na-ach site na gburugburu
na any na-ama jide osisi na-ama maka soulless kwupta m anman; Ya mere
omume nile ha site n mmalite, site n'akk nke a mkpr obi looser mkpa ghta
kara nke anman. N'z d iche na-apta h iwep niile mb nwee echiche na
mkpa b na dgh ihe z a nwaptaworo na kara m anman mgbe niile na
osisi; ot elegh anya chr n na ha ma na nke a puru, m anman na osisi naak na otu; na bna ot d ga-ab na dgh ihe e gosiptara megide a mkpr obi
mmuo si ot brhaala na otu bgh na udi nke d mkpa ma b na-enwegh isi
ntoputa na-adabere. Na nso nso a kwere kwa b free na-eme ihe mgbe na-eme d
ka chch ya, n'ihi na nke a na-emetta ot obi d nd mbanye n a na-akpata. Ma
d ka ya a ma b na-adabere na ya na ya h n'ah na psychological z.
z kacha na ime ihe ozugbo site na agwa nke Wi-Ome ma b maka obi t na
m anman na-egosipta eziokwu na ga-eru na mmefu nke n'ime gw ya mma
nd ibi nd, nke na-ach gbanah j. Site na-agba s maka nri, na-ele, naeme ya s. Gn mere kwere obere na osisi mgbe na-etolite ihe-oriri, na-eche, ihe
na-eme ka ha na-eto eto e?dtara D nn n mpga nke b d ka obere ka m
anman. The anman drava ag, chch palatability; n'hi gini ka obere ag
na-egbu osisi mgbe ya nri kr; nr t ya obere ma br na h amas ma b
amas nri? Mgbal iji chta ezi nri, na- bla ikpe bgh obere na osisi kara na m
anman, na nn analogous; naan na anman p kpamkpam pushes nri osisi
akk site ngidere na pushes nri; na osisi na-adgh gabiga anya na nt na ha search,
ma site feelers na gbanyere ihe nile n'akk.
N'ezie, rue mgbe agbat na osisi mgbrgw; d ka crawls gburugburu ya na ha
ga-ah tr ala. Ebe now okt d ka ha b, obp na ya ulo, nd kpnwr akpnw
ka ozu o doo;Mgbe nile na-ad na-esi isi n'ezi ala on nnukwu anya na-ah site na
warara crevices na mgbidi ma b boulders-aga n'z, Ot d, a ga-obere meptara
site na n'akk nke nwaany aga ala dr. E nwere wriso ihe at ya. nwere
bna otu ebe dum osisi nwere ot na-akpali si ntp ma a na d na-jumps nke
anman. Ha adgh egosi na ihe karr ebe na-akws; ma ha gosi n'otu oge e
nwere doro anya.
"Otu n'ime mkpmkp ebe nke New Abbey ke Galloway Shire b d maple (Acer
pseudoplatanus), nke karr bna mgbidi, ma nsogbu enwegh ohere ma b ihe
oriri, ha zigara a siri ike mgbrgw nke ebe d elu nke mgbidi, nke n'ime ya na ala
guzosie nd ala na gh a nje; ma, tpu nd fdr mgbrgw nke ebe d elu nke
mgbidi, osisi niile na mgbidi e agbasa na onwe ha osisi ah n'z d ot a site na ya
mb ebe, Jehova Kainer ememe ncheta. n'ile anya, na eziokwu b r ka adgh ziri
ezi - a goozber ohia, nke guzoro nso na a akuku nke a ubi na a obere, aja ala, zigara a
alaka na ntziaka nke ka mma ala site na nke mgbrgw einsenkte na-aga n'z ;.
mb Busch nwr site, na osisi wee na-at mgbe mma n'ala -. na d Como, na Villa
Pliniana bna nghta mgbrgw na-aghta na ala jiri nway na elu nke ok
nkume na ebo aghwo ". (Murray na Fror. Bgh. XXXVIII. P. 278.)
na-adgh rr ka, n'ezie pr n'ezie na-esi isi n'ezi ala ot obere site n'ebe di
anya osisi, d ka anman nwere ike chpta ihe site n'ebe di anya, na-enwegh ihe

bla si ogologo esmde ya, ma br na naan maka ihu ma b na-esi isi; ma

bgh na m anman ga d ka ogologo-eje ije gburugburu groping ruo mgbe h
ihe suut ya, n'ihi na ga-angide n'ebe ah. N'ihi ya, ga-ab nke ma na osisi; ma
elegh anya b a Moder haze na-adta osisi n'ime tr ala, ma elegh anya, na nd
z yiri na-eziga ogologo oge mgbe ochie ya n'akk rootlets ruo mgbe ha kr
n'ala ma; mgbe ah, lee nd a na ike, alaka l r si; nd nke z na-aga kwara, we
n'ihi ya, pr iyi ka na osisi smelled n'ala ma site n'ebe di anya. Okwu erubegh
a n'z zuru ezu wetara okwu. Ma nke z o nwere ike b, nke osisi na-ewe ya nri,
n'ihi na ha maara chta nd ka; bna n'etiti m anman e nwere nn z d iche
iche eme nke a.
Otu nwere ike ikwu, n'ezie, br na otu n'ime nd d ot ah udi a osisi anya na ha
mgbrgw ogologo na mkpa site emepta ihe ma ala ihe-oriri, na onye ah mara
mma nke nwaany aga ala na kwesr ekwes counteraction pr iche mma osisi b
zuru ezu na-ama kwa ihe ga nke ma on a kpere n'z nkt; bgh d mkpa, ma
b anya n'ime mkpr obi na a mere ka gbala. Ma nke a b naan z uzo nke
otutu na enweregh onwe, na otu azza nr ya. N'ezie, i nwere ike ikwu ot ah,
naan na otu onye nwere ike isi mgbe ekpeghachi ya m mmad na anman ezi d
ka ma br na chr kwa ihe ah phenomena e mesr, na osisi nn lar nwere
ike gosi na ihe bla karr br na b bna na-egosi; N'oge na-adgh ala nke
okwu ah na-angide n'otu ah z na ab. M na-kweere na ya anya na-emekar ot
ifnke yiri ka bla n'aka intellectual ebe a n'okpuru bna ya ndu okwu nwere
kpmkwem onwe ya, ike na-akwa ihe nan n'z an ma b ndu mediations,-ekwe
omume nke nkwupta nke mettara ihe ime mm bgh mgbe niile machibidoro
;b isi echiche choro agbanyegh mgbe ah nakwa owt ke corporeal. Onye now gaakpali ka nd nke na-ach n'ebe bla z ma soro okwu na gr, d ka b nd
nke k mmta sayens, nwere ike mgbe ah, n'ezie; ma ga-mere na mkpr obi,
nke a na-aghta na an ah ngosipta nke z onwe, na rgh. zkwa, bna uche
m ka ogologo nri maka otu, a gr usoro ga-n'ezie nwe n'isi, excites ogwe aka maka
ije; any maara otu ihe ah b ok obi t na-eme uche si br. Ugbu a, nwere ike
ime nwekwara a physiologist ekwegh na omume nke uche nke mkpr obi, n'ihi na
pr ime ka ya si ele ihe anya, ogwe-aka ije na site na nkt nweela dabere, nke na
uche kp ozugbo ah n'isi, o wee na backward an ah nke dd ihu dd nke
achcha na ag an steeti ah na peculiar ala nke br, b nke mere tupu uche
nwere ike na-ele dabere. D ka a physiologist na-eme ikekwe mma ikwere ya ot
a; Ma nwoke anagh nwere a na peeji nke z nke physiologist na nke a elegh anya
nwere na-adgh ah anya; ya mere bgh naan osisi? Any nwere ike naphysiologically-ata ta ihe niile ha na estidem n'an mmeghar, ma kwesr bgh
ya mere, mgbe a mmeghar tnyere uduak ha na-egosi ot m mmad. The
substantive mere na any na-amas dgh ihe z supponieren na n'ah njik n'anya d
ot ah ikpe, kwere ka any wee d nn mettara nan d ka ngosipta nke support
ma b psychological ihe mere a echiche onodu nke b n'onwe ya na-akwado site na
n'ah. Ma nke N'ezie e nwere ezigbo njehie nile any ugbu a na-ele nke okike b na
any kwere ime mm nwere ike na mgbe bla ma b mgbe bla gr, ma
bgh kpmkwem na-eje ije na ya akpkp kw; na site mgbe niile pushing onye na

onodu nke z, any na-ejighi njik nke nwere onye bla ma n'onwe ya, d ka otu
ofri z. Ma m onwe m maara nke ma na m na-agagh agbanwe ya ebe a
mma. N'agbanyegh ihe otu onye nwere ike iche maka ya, b zuru ezu iji mara ebe
a naan mgbe niile ah n'ezie na brkwa maka any t na niile presupposed z
kwaa kpere n'ah na osisi bla ogologo oge enwegh ike igosipta eziokwu ihe
bla megide ihe nke a mkpr obi ya mgbe nd nke otu ekwe omume d anman
mgbe otu ihe mere; z, izi ezi nke ihe a tt nd chere na otu onye b ezi d ka
hypothetical ka na m anman na osisi.
Nthap nke fd kpmkwem ihe at nke ot nd search maka osisi site a
egwuregwu nke estidem nya gb agha n'ime mettara nd ibi nd aka, ga-egosi
ihe nd z na aga.
Prfes Schwgrichen gwara m na d mgbe natara ozi site na Mansfeld na a
nnukwu ok hr Kryptogam a hr na scaly stalk na mpaghara mines, elegh anya
edinm ndien ke a ogologo nke 30 kubit n'okpuru uwa elu, ma na-enwegh n'z nile
nke banye eke h. Ihe b, na inyochakwu? The n'okpuruala azuokokoosisi nke a
n'okpuru nkt nd a ole na ole sentimita asat ogologo osisi, a Lathraea
squamaria , b doro anya na-aba site site na oge a ibe ke ok miri. Ugbu a, okporo
gbalsiri maka h na-eto eto na-eto eto mgbe, n'ihi na na-apgh inweta ya. Bgh
na, d ka onye na dum mgbal na-eduzi na a anya gwgw, ma br na nwere
ike ghara iru ya, ruo mgbe ebigh ebi e mesa aka iso na-ar r N'ikpeaz, o ruru na
ya, ma b igwu agwu? N'ezie, b osisi na-n'z doro anya bu n'uche ihe
chr; ihe maara nke h? Ma ha ga-ab na obi d ha, ihe ha na-achgh, ya b
ghara ngide n'okpuru ala, ebe ha ga-adgh epupta ma b okooko osisi. -Apta
nke steeti a, ha ga-achga. Ma, gn mere mere tolite? Ot o si mara na ike kwalite
site n'wa nke na ha na mb ka n? Ma ebe maara n'ihi na katapila na ga-akwuru
na-aba na nke ugbu ala nke caterpillars, nke nwere ike agaghkwa akasi ya
obi? Naan any na-apgh gwa ot maara ya. Ma ike crawler na spiders-enwe
chch sere filaments nke onwe ha iji nweta nzube nke dd setpr ala, olee
ihe Lathraea, mgbe akwusila onwe ya elu, a ga-ike obi a ot ah na oge nke dara
n'okpuru otu akk.
Mustel enm a Jasmine Stock ( Jasminuin azoricum ) na a flowerpots n'az a osisi
na a plurality nke oghere ( bla 2 sentimita asat square na onye bla 6 an ha d
anya n'ebe onye bla z) nwere. Azuokokoosisi mb na-eto n'ime h site n'ihe
z o onu. Mustel chigharkwuuru Brett na ite, nke mere na nd na-toro alaka-ya we
chigharia je z site n'h;ebe b na azuokokoosisi ka h ah bara ka z site nke
ab onu. Mustel ugboro usoro, na ot ah ka okporo-eto nway nway naakwanyekwara na herschlingend si n'otu akk nke osisi nke z, n'ala nile oghere
site (Mustel TRAILE de la Veg. II. 101).
Igbachi anman, a mmad otu; na-emekwa s site mb ma b tt adaba ebe
oghere i nwere ike imeghe; igbachi ya az na o wepuga onwe-ya az site na onu kas
adaba na nd; d ka n'aka na d ka d osisi ebe a, ma br na ya mkpakrta
n'agb. Eziokwu ah b na osisi na-aptakwa mma, ikekwe bna odi mfe, naekwu okwu megide ya ma b h na d ka mma d ka any na-eche nn mkpa nke

h na ikuku nke nnwere onwe? -Angide ya z n'azu mbadamba, m ga-ukwuu

kama ikwere na ha aagh nt ka h; Ma n'ihi na i chere na magbuo, kwesr bla
na-erugh uche?
Glocker hr. d ka a biri juru n'n na nst nke ok ha na bushes Stachys
recta mgbe sonso a ole na ole sentimita asat ekwes chpr ha okporo n'ime ikuku,
a ga-dp uche na oge na ihe fr nke nta nri akk ma tghara ke kehoraizin
ntziaka nke ebe h nke nta nke oghere nke bushes esiwanye wakporo; na a
kehoraizin ntziaka na-eto ngidere, ruo mgbe ha mere ihe ruru k-bushes ebe ya
outermost akk nke ugbu a nwere zuru h wee nwee , na vetikal direction elu
nabatara z. (Glocker, Ed. On ihe nke h na osisi, 25.)
Warren hr a nduku streamers a okpuru ulo, nke b naan site a obere oghere a
obere h, sere 20 kw dgas gafee ala l mgbe a oghere. (Mem. Of America
J.Randall nke nk na SC. Vol. II. Li)
Na osisi na nd a nwere h, bgh ikuku aku egosi karsa edebe Tessier, na
br na ab oghere wnye a okpuru ulo, nke b ihe na-emeghe ma na ikuku, ma
bgh h ohere, nke z na a na-nyere a iko window, nke na-enye ohere h, na-enwe
na nke a n'okpuru ala na osisi na-eguzogide gw ndinyanade mbne kwupta
ikpeaz oghere, bgh megide nd nke mb, (Lamarck et Decand. Flore franc. No
198.)
Any na-akp ya mmuo ihe bla an na-akzi ya guzosie ike mmeghar nke mere
na nri ya nd ibi nd ba nyere ya kas mma, any amagh ot na-akzi. Ihe any
nwere, n'adgh niile dd elu ah nke na-mmuo na nd achso nke osisi? Onye
bla an b d iche iche ruru ya instincts, n'ihi na b d iche iche; na-kuk nile
bula emee ya. Aga m ewere a ole na ole ihe at.
All osisi na ala, inup ha mgbrgw ogologo ala; Mistletoe adgh eke agb ruo
mkpa a. 2) Gn mere o ji ya na-? O sitere osisi nd z; na bgh nan n'elu, ma d
nn ka obi t na-an n'akk na-ebupta ma b underside nke alaka; nke ikpe ad
mkpa bna ya iji gbala na-akpata elu. Na na-eme ya nke ma; site bla elu
nke alaka a pr ime, ha rootlets perpendicular aka drava. Ee unu kpgidere a
mistletoe ka on a eriri na a akara anya rue akuku a alaka on; ot i nwere ike na-eche
na rootlets bna site na nke a anya, ebe okporo z b, na b megide n'aka nri ma
hapr, dabere na okporo z b. N'ezie, e nwere ugbu a na-agbasa ma na-ekwes
n'ah j nke nkume ma b gw, nke e nwere ka dgh ihe oriri, na-agha mkpr
na-mistletoe mkpr n'elu gw bl, nwewa niile rootlets na etiti, d ka ma br na
ha nwere ike chta a direction ihe-eje ozi ha. Ha mmuo bu ugha ebe a. Ma nke ah
b d iche iche kara mgbe nne okuko ga imu nwa kw nke marble, na quail nnn
mkprhh kama mkpu kw nke nd inyom na nd a? The mmuo na n'ebe nile jikr
thereto, na-eduzi ah mettara, na nd nke ma ga-ekwe ya. b na-ala na-acha
cha Mistelwrzelchen n'okporo z, bna naan z iji h mgbidi site n'ebe d anya
na ikuku na mmiri ma h na okpomk now si n'of na-eme ihe d iche na nke nd
z; n'ihi ya ka ha agaghkwa ewe ke a d n'ebe d anya. N'ozuzu na on nkezi na
nd nke mmuo ka na merie n'z ziri ezi site nd a omume, n'ihi na ya na ngwar
na gbak ya; ma d ka n'ebe nile n'ozuzu expedient n'aka ike na onye ikpe ebe o

kwesr d na-agba s, bna mgbe ihe mgbaka da na ya. Any na-ah ugbu a na
nke a na instincts nke m anman, ya mere, any nwere ike si N'ezie ebe osisi naachgh d iche iche.
2)

Dutrochet na s. Recherches

The Munsu, a d nn iche d osisi mmekah d ka mistletoe, imebiga ihe k ha

rootlets bla direction, mgbe perpendicular ka elu on nke mgbrgw ha n'ihi na ha
na-eto eto na ga na alaka: ma nd fdr osisi nwere isi ike na ntziaka nke ha
mgbrgw ala na ha mgbe ugboro ugboro reversing nke ara, n'ime nke i suande ha
d ka mgbe redirect, nke direction mgbrgw Ome. Ihu ma, osisi akpa gw
n'ozuzu-egosi naan megide ok wa d ka mistletoe mkpr na aforementioned
mgbal megide obere bl, malite n'onye na ha kr; site yiri mgbaaka imebiga ihe k
ha mgbrgw n'wa ka ya center. Ugbu a, any na-ah na b eke, ma na obi t b
nnukwu ma b obere, na-adgh adabere na nke nke na obi t, ma nke nwere nke
bla size nke bl ha mmad nd maara ot e si akpa gw n'z kwesr ekwes na
aka nke z.
Na aga otu ga-enwe ike ileghara anya ot untriftig b ihe Autenrieth rr ka
megide mkpr obi nke osisi na-eso z. 3) "Ihe fd," na-ekwu, " b ezie naegosikwa na osisi onwe ya anya mmeghar nke bla n'ime ha na akk ka elu
marcha, kama b naan na nd d ot ah a ihe mkpali nke e fere on ha; ha nwere
ike ghara, d ka animated anman, na-achkwa nd na-adgh ma e ha agha megide
ogbo d mmiri gbatr kwupta a ar ar osisi ha ekubie ume tendrils, ma. na mgbe
mmiri vapors ugbua mere na ya; a mmiri na-ag anman na-enyocha ebe b na
mmiri ebe adgh. "
3)

echiche na dd na n'ime nd, S. 332nd

Kamakwa ch Lathraea h on n'ihu d ot ah mee ihe n'isi, na

Mistelwrzelchen-enyocha ebe nd mgbrgw ga na tupu ya eruo d ot ah. Na
ha na-ma bu n'obi site na obi ruru ha dd na-esi na-enwe mmetta mpga mmetta,
b kpam kpam analogous ka m anman.
Otu nwere ike na-eme ka ihe ah o kwuru: tt aga kamakwa any expedient
vonstatten d ka bara na-agba s na ije nke digestive akk, metabolism na nri, naenwegh na any aghta ihe; Ya mere, any nwere ike na-enye ke osisi gbala na
mgbrgw na Andrs mgbe ojiji, n'enwegh obi ag n'ihu. kwesr. Ma digestive
mmeghar, ihe mgbasa. wdg nwere, ma br na bgh obi onwe ya, ma mgbe ah,
naan nzube ime ka any zigara remanded sensations na-enweta; ee, pgh b nke
otu nzube ya maka any na-ekwu okwu n'ezie mgbe ha nan jere ozi ime ka any d ka
n'oge gbasiri agbasi l r. N'ihi ya, mee onwe g na naa nke mgbrgw adgh
akpan akpan sensashion nke mmuo kegide ot any ga-kama iche na nke a mgbe ah
ga h na-esi ike nke mmetta Nigeria osisi. b omume na ya n'ezie b na-eme ihe
nke osisi n'okpuru wa n'z yiri nke ah naan, ya mere, ikwu okwu, nye a mkpr
obi chchr ndabere maka na-enwu gbaa sensations na itinye onwe ha ka nd Z
nke osisi n'elu ala, d ka any -anabata nd d ot ah a gbara chchr ebe n'ime any

a na-egbuke egbuke ebe megide; Ma nd a na-egbuke egbuke sensations onwe ha ike

ma ihe any na-achgh ka agnah ya, bgh na-ata ta dd na-kere ihe kwesr
ekwes eme mmad na-enwegh zubere maka ha.
Ma ugbu a, b bna doro ikwu na any nwere ihe bla nke any Kreislaufs-,
digestive mmeghar na ihe nd yiri obi na-ad ..; na na o doro anya na iche iche
sensations ha na-adgh nke nganu uche; Ot d, n'ozuzu nkt ike na z nd naapta h budata na njik aka nkt r ya nile. ka nd a armr na mberede guzo,
ma b d nn ka mberede nile nke nd, bgh nan n'ozuzu ha, kamakwa bla
adgh emet ha n'ah nd pr iche; n'ihi na d ka ihe ndabere ga na-abanye onwe ya
na onye bla akpan akpan sensashion na nke a si ebi nd. Ma br na o si naegosi kegide na mb z nke nd na Filiks dgh akpan akpan mmetta, n'ihi ya aka
nd d ot ah na kntakt ozugbo ma br na ihe nke ah na mb track apta nime
ya. Any ah na-eche okpomk, ntu oyi, nchegbu, egwu, ihe mgbu, ah f, ag,
akpr kp nk (ikpeaz-aha ya b bna na nkt mgbake), dabere na ya otu z ma
b z na-aga banyere any na ikike idi na na usoro nke sekit any. Ya mere, bna
na-enye osisi na-ad ya ihe bla pr iche mgbe ha mgbrgw mgbe niile d nn
na-ah ihe oriri nke osisi na gbak na, n nkezi, a ga-ewepu-ekwe omume na, ma
br na chr ihe bla iji mezuo nd a, b ozugbo na a mkpa -eche.
N'ikpeaz, omume nke mgbrgw ike na ngaghar nke any digestive akk na
bara niile n, ma br na a na-ewe ebe n'ime ime armr na-akwanyere ama
dere na any ihe, ma na-anya gb ewe ebe usb, inweta mpga nd nke nd naabgh wa n'ime. All r nd a na-ma na any n'okpuru chch kpebisiri aghta
instincts.
Ihe niile nyere na kas d ak, ya mere na o yiri m ka o naan ajj b ma na-akpata
mbanye nke osisi ama abuana ke nkt nd n'ozuzu z ma b kara karsa, na
adgh emet ha n'ah nke osisi, na m chr ya n'ebe a banyere ihe bla na-ekpebi
n'aka; ma ihe niile na-egosi na ka n na abuana ke a, na-emekwa ihe nd z mere
nd z na osisi nwere na-ach ha nkt nd ibi nd naan; Ya mere any na-ah ha
ime ot ah na nke a, mgbal pr iche iji chta nd a bi nd.
Na nwoke nke na-akw gbala osisi n'elu ala, nd na-eson nkebi ga-aga n'ime
n'inwekwu mkparta ka, nke na-aga na.

Text original
Contribuu a millorar la traducci

Nke Asat. Growth, winches, ekwe, na-agbagkwa nke osisi.

The echiche nke gara aga ngalaba ada on na-edu uto na r nke osisi na
mgbrgw, azuokokoosisi, alaka, epupta, wdg, insofar ka nde onwe ya d ka a
eji gboo mkpa ha, na-emeso ihe r nke mkpr obi ha na mmekrta.
Against adahade okwu mgbochi, nke yiri ihe d mkpa.
ma any onwe any na-adgh otu uche any ibu, ma any na-eche ihe mkpali nke naeto eto nke bla, ma any eto b nn iche n'ebe any nsh; d ka a ga now-enweta
otu usoro na osisi na oge na-akwanyere nsh?

M ga-aza: any ibu na osisi nd b n'ezie ab bgh nn yiri ihe, b ezie na

okwu ah, ma, d ka a ga-ahkwa n'oge na-adgh n mma, d nn niile ihe na-adgh
jikr, nke d ok mkpa maka ajj nke linkage nke mkpr obi phenomena ga-. Na
bna na any na m anman nke uto usoro ike-ahuta ka nn dgh k n nd
nke mkpr obi, n'ihi na Filiks nke oriri na-edozi na okirikiri na nke dabeere,
bgh uninvolved ebe a b (mkpokta. The gara aga ngalaba). Kama nke ah, a na
mberede kws of nkt ibu a ga-emekwa chere na a gbanwere agbanwe na-elegh
anya nd dara mb n'obi na nd nd any. Naan ekewap ihe uto usoro na-eme ka
nkt z nd, bgh na a pr iche sensashion si. Ma br na, d ka any hworo,
ma j Food na mgbasa usoro pr iche mgbanwe fd sensations, ag, akpr kp
nk, oyi, okpomk, wdg, dgh ihe mere na-a obere enwe ike na-ele nd yiri
eto.Ma d nn na m anman na-erugh emeghar ka nd d ot ah
mgbanwe; ma kama na osisi nile z; d ka ga-adgh anya-apta h. b ya mere
ebe a na uto usoro nke osisi b ihe d hr, mmas ba; kama b naan na nd kas
salient na peculiar d mmepe, nke ga-enweta nkwanye nke osisi, a karsa salient
na peculiar d mmepe nke mkpr obi onyinye na-ama na-enye, isiokwu.
Ka any cheta na osisi gagh m anman, ma ark. Naan Izugbe nd nke
iche echiche nd ga mgbe nile ngidere na-enwe otu maka ma, na pr iche otu onye
ga-ach nnabata. Osisi chr iji nweta site na free uto, nke chr iru m anman
site free locomotion, na ot guzosie onwe ya na nd na-adkar analg mmetta nd
uche na mkpr obi ya na-agak nke ibu mmeghar d ka nke locomotion. The nzube
ekpebi dd ah n'aka, na nd d iche iche dd nke ego a d iche iche mmetta naewuli n'ihe banyere ihe nweta nke nzube.
Ka aga site ugbu a ozugbo na isi iche n'etiti uto nke m anman na osisi, na any
ga-ah na any b n'ezie emeso ebe a na a otutu ihe d iche iche ihe karr otu wee
kwere na ojiji nke otu aha maka ma; na n'otu oge ah na ihe d iche na gha na
ntziaka choro any.
l) Na uto nke m anman na-emeghere isi gg ihe bla. A nkta nwere d,
kw an, ab anya, a ire, ihe nd a mgbe niile na otu ebe, ah n'otu ole; gbanwe
naan finer n'ike-n'ike. Ya mere, br na m anman na-ad dgh akwadogh
akwado na-eto eto nke bla, ya mere, b ihe n'ihi na na-enwegh. Osisi apl
megide ya bifurcates n'oge na-adgh na ab, mgbe fd, nd z isi alaka na ike
ga-amalite n'okpuru a dgas iche iche nke akk, d iche iche elu; onye bla alaka
b na ya z, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu bla alaka, alaka l nynya, ugbu a na-eme
music otu z ma b z; iguta-gugu, ka, direction kpalite site ofu iwu ekwe. Nke
a na-d nn thapr n'ihi na a mbanye, nke ka na-ebe a na-araba site mpga ihe,
sensashion stimuli; mgbe ke anman kama na o na-d iche iche locomotion a
thapr. The anman ebubo site ya ibu, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu nan a d, nke ah
ga-abr chepta nd ya nye ya; na osisi, na shaping nd n'onwe ya dara na uto; na
n'ihi na ihe mere nwere ike ngide na-enwe onwe ya na a kpebisiri d gw a. ka
na-ewe iji ndokwa nke zutretenden nd, na-akwanyere nke osisi nwere na-akpa
gw. Ma bgh naan site nd a. N'ihi na ihe internally Walt akp unit enweta
kpr ma, d ka any kwuru na mb, n'ihi na onye bla osisi, n'agbanyegh nile
nnwere onwe ha na-eto bna externally anya isi agwa inalienable ike. Ma nke a b

nn uma nke mkpr obi, na dgh enye a dum akara ererimbot ke ata iduzi niile
multiplicity na nnwere onwe nke okwu ha rukwara.
2) aga na d ka anman ibu na-adabere nta na oge na oge nke bch, ihu igwe na
nd z na mpga nd, ka na-eto eto na ya gw n'z; ma b d iche iche d ka
oge na oge na ihu igwe na mpga nd. The osisi na aka nke z na-etolite d iche
iche na oge, oge nke bch, ihu igwe na nd z na mpga nd. Ya mere, na-akpa
gw osisi waxes d ka anman na-eme. Winter b ha na-ehi ra oge, n'ihi na ha
adgh eto, na-etolite ngwa ngwa n'oge bch kara na n'abal; n'ike n'ike na ikike
eri ok nri nke okpomk na mmiri mmiri, d ka ma br na e nwere mgbe oke k
ma b oke iru mmiri. Ma bgh naan z ma b na-erugh ngwa ngwa, bna
d iche iche n'ihi na onye bla d iche iche ihu igwe; n'adgh ihe bla z anw
na-acha na nd, d iche iche ka bla z. The iche mgbe niile na-ejigide nri ha,
brhaala na d iche iche osisi, na bna d iche iche n'otu n'otu nke otu d, na bna
n'akk d iche iche nke otu onye mgbe niile na-eto eto Characteristically d iche
iche, bna nd n n'otu nd.
Okanmuta E. Meyer na Knigsberg b na af ojuju na a-eto n'ike n'ike ruo stalk
n'ehihie fr nke nta ugboro ab d ka ngwa ngwa na-eto eto d ka
n'abal. An Amaryllis Josephinaedr ogologo leafless ifuru azuokokoosisi n'ime 12
bch site 21 sentimita asat Rheinl. The abawanye na ogologo-ya di 6 am, 12
ehihie na anyasi 6:00 mgbe niile tr n'z ziri ezi, na b na 12 n kwa tt 6 '9' ',
na 12 ehihie 7 ", ie, bch mgbe 13' 9 '', na 12 ehihie na abal ma b nan 7 "3 ''.
yiri nn pta natara Dr. Palm na chptara nke hops na agwa (Fror. bgh. XLI.
p.218). mkpokta. mgbal nke E. Meyer on barley na wheat osisi ke Linnaea IV p 98;
.. Mulder na mpempe akwkw nke Urania speciosa na kaktus grandiflorus na
Treviranus 'Physiol. II. 145; site Grfe on ifuru okporo Littaea geminiflora na Flora,
I. 1843. p.35.
"N'etiti kch nkume, na obere, anw na-acha na nkume nzu
egosi Carlina kpamkpam acaulis: kkphi g a obere rr ala, aha ka ya adahade,
na ezi ubi ala, agaghi-amata ha, ha meriri a ogologo azuokokoosisi na b mgbe
ah Carlina acaulis caulescens. " (Goethe, metamorphosis nke osisi na-eto eto Gesar r .. XXXVI S. 126.) - The Georgine b nn inconspicuous na a ha ala osisi
na nke chr na o siri ike mata nd mara mma ornamental osisi any gardens. Mmetta nke ubi omenala banyere uto nke osisi a maara na niile ezu.
Eckermann na s. Mkparta ka. (Nke at olu p.101) gwara Goethe nke nwere nke
na-ar r ime ka nd kas kwes ekwes osisi e mere iji mee ka onye na aak chta,
nd na-eson na-akpali okwu ime any. "N'oge a m mtara (site na a Wagner), na
n'etiti Ash na Ash nwere nnukwute diche d, na na na niile iche nke osisi ukwuu
rutere ebe na n'elu ala ebe ha na-eto. M mtara na osisi nke Ettersberg ka nwere osisi
na-erugh uru; na, ot d, osisi enweta site na obi nke Nohra extra ike, ka o wee Cart
rzi Weimar carters onye mere na Nohra, nwere a pr nn iche ntkwas obi, m
mere n'oge m gara n'ihu mgbal site ahmah na ihe niile. toro na oyi n'akk nke a
n mkpda osisi ah siri ike ma mma site straighter eriri kara toro on okpomk
n'akk. b ihe kwere nghta. mgbe niile, a na-eto eto nwe-na-kride na Come

n'ebe ugwu nke a n mkpda nwere anya naan h na anyanw elu ihe mere o mgbe
ah, anyanw k n'obi na-agbasi mbo ike gbago elu elu na-argo eriri ihu n'otu ebe
na. bna a Come tupu guzobere a finer eriri b ala, nke d ezigbo mkpar h nd d
ot ah osisi, nke nwere nd d ot ah a free kwuo na ha n'akuku Ndida e kwstr
maka nd anyanw, mgbe ya n'ebe ugwu na-ngidere na nd. br na nd d ot
ah a nje na akk sawed n'ihu any, any na-achpta na isi ihe na isi na-adgh d na
etiti, ma tt ihe n'otu akk na-. Na a displacement nke center b n'ihi na ibu yiri
mgbaaka nd d n'ebe ndda meptara nke ukwu siri ike site n'ngide na anyanw
mmetta ya mere na wider kara yiri mgbaaka nke Come n'ebe ugwu. k n'osisi na
Wagner, ma br na b ha ka ha mee ihe siri ike r ezi osisi, ya mere na-ahr
na-ahr ezi mepere emepe d n'ebe ugwu nke a nje, nke ha na-akp oyi n'akk, naenwe a pr iche ntkwas obi. "- Cheta na na-nke a b na bgh toro ma-eto eto,
mgbe na-ewe ebe, ka na-ahuta ka ngosipta nke nd nke osisi, na osisi doo nd ya
lignifies n'az; .. naan abgh osisi, ma na-eme nke ka osisi aga ot ah ka akwagh
Dabere na osisi ah toro d iche iche, ga-ab na obi d iche iche engines.
N'otu mkparta ka TL. III. P.146 ekwu Goethe onwe ya n'oge z: "Na-eto eto
osisi terebinth na n'obere ha nke ok ha mbughar, gbara ya gburugburu isi agbata
obi ebo, ha chch a na mgbe nile nrigo, mgbe niile ka n'z na h mgbe n'akk
b nan na-adgh ike. alaka kpafuo, nd a ga-akpnw na-ada z na N'ezie nke ah
na nar af. ma br na mechara ruo ka obi-ha elu ugwu n'elu n'z, mgbe ah, ha
wetuo obi na now-amalite na-agbasa n'akk na a okpueze na-etolite. ma, b na a
ogbo ugbua nwere nkezi af nd nd adianade do, ha tt af nke gbala elu
anabatala ya freshest ike, na ya iji gosi na now ka obosara kwupta d ike, agakwagh
nwere ikike ga nke ma. ogologo, ike na grgr-stemmed ha ga-eguzo mgbe kre
gbara aj dimkpa, ma na-enwegh nd d ot ah a mmekrta d n'etiti mgbrgw
na okpueze na-mara mma n'ezie -. Epuo hinwieder osisi terebinth nime iru mmiri,
apt d ebe, na ka ala na-eri ah ga- ha na-enye maka ihe nd mb mbanye ke
gehrigem ohere tt alaka alaka niile ntziaka; Ot d, e nwere nd recalcitrant,
retarding mmetta na-angh, gnarled, Nupr Isi, Jigsaw agagh zlite,, hr si
n'ebe dt anya, osisi ah ga-agh a na-adgh ike, Linden-d ka dd, na ga-ab
mara mma, dgh ihe z bgh d ka oak. - na-eto akpatre on ugwu ugwu n
mkpda ka pere mpe, steinigtem ala, n'ihi ya, b n'ezie n'ba egosi jagged na
gnarled, ma b na ha adgh free mmepe, ha ga na-elekta n'isi ha ibu na falter, ha
ga-eru, na nke ya ga-ekwu ya weere ya na ya ihe na-enwe ike astonish any. - A
gwara agwa aja ma b aja ala, ebe b na gbala d ike mgbrgw niile ntziaka
gw yiri ka ha kas mma. Mgbe ah, ha chr a kwuo na-enye ya mettara l, ya
were ihe nile mmetta nke h na anyanw na mmiri ozuzo na ifufe si n'akk niile
n'onwe ya. Na ala-echebe megide ifufe na ihu igwe na-eto, b ihe bla si na ya; ma
otu nar af nke mgba na ihe na-eme ka o sie ike, ma d ike, nke mere na mgbe kre
ibu nn ha na-akpali any anya ma mmasi. "
Hartingh-ekwu mgbe ule na iwuli elu osisi; "The uto nke pr iche azuokokoosisi
nke otu osisi, b ezie na kpamkpam otu mpga mmetta gr abgh nan abgh
otu, ma na-ewe dgh mgbe omume ezi ha kwa bch ndt -. na-ewe ebe na
mmalite nke ibu, a kwa bch na-amba osooso nke ibu kama, nke b onwe ha nke

mpga mmetta. "(Wiegmanns Njiko. 1844. II. 41.)

3) Anman npuputa adgh anya, site ya udi na kwakwuru ihe karr
mgbanwe; kama na-eto eto, na-agba akpatre aka iso. A osisi na-etolite nd ya
ogologo eguzogide aga n'ihu, kws na-eto eto na-eme ka a hr onye na-abawanye
na-, nwunye ya kws ibi nd; mkprgw aka na kw mgbe niile iru eru z ike
ihe hr, ma b iji nweta ihe hr, na-eset maka otu nzube nke na-hr alaka
na akwkw ya; remodel ebe z, ha e mere nkera gehends nke onwe g. - Tlee nt
nke ka, d ka ha n'akwsgh akws na-eto eto ke akpa ini ut elu, na mgbe na
mbelata ya, ot enwetagh ha baa ba na-eto eto; mgbe dgh ihe chr na-eto eto,
na-akpnwkwa; ga-ahha. - Tlee a Aronsstab (Calla), d ka mgbe niile npuputa
otu mpempe akwkw d iche iche si n'etiti; b ihe-adgh agw agw foneelu site
na nke na isi mmalite nd epupta; ngidere na ya ruo mgbe ikpeaz oge - Tlee
drava a osisi d ka a hr ibu mgbanaka attaches kwa af, na n'ihi na nke a hr
alaka, hr buds; Ot d idebe nke ochie epupta; ghara nwere gbala ha, o yiri
ka ya mkpa n nd. - Ee, any tlee ihe bla osisi na-akpali si na mmiri; na-etolite
ah dum n'oge okpomk, elu, saidwees, n'elu wa, n'okpuru wa; mgbe niile naeme ka ihe d hr n'onwe ya.
fd na osisi-eme ka ya immensely anya na Long nd, d ka tt mmad nke
pr mua tt r n'ihi na ogologo nd na ok. Naan osisi yiri ka tt ihe nd z
kara r ma b nd z r, ihe ha mere, na dika nwoke; b ezie na ya onwe ya
z ma b na-erugh gbanwee ihu ma n'ebe niile na-ar r ah n mpga; na
kwa osisi, mere site onwe ya, tt a mgbanwe na-az n'ime n'z wa, nke a na
ebubo na ha onwe ha na nzube. D ka n'ebe nile na uwa, e nwekwara nwegh ihe
bcha nn iche.
Onye amagh ihe at oke abba osisi, toro ruo tt puku af, ma elegh anya
bna na-anya isi-ya guzo site na ihe e kere eke nke wa ebe a, we ghara Ike agwwo
na-akp kwa af site kwa af mgbanaka.
"Onye ama ama Castagna dei cento cavalli ( Castanea vesca ) on Etna ga-ab otu
puku af. The yiri mango ( Adansonia digitata ) na akwkw nd akwkw nd
foothills na-na ha kprkp na n gg nke ibu yiri mgbaaka na fd alaka ka
4,000 ar we gaba n'iru. na Riesenzypresse ( Cupressus disticha ) na Santa Maria del
Tule awa ab n'ebe wwa anyanw nke Oaxaca na Mexico, nwere a gbaa nke 124
Spanish kw, ya mere, 40 kw n'obosara;-at anya na na kwa af mgbanaka 2
edoghi, ot osisi ah d fr nke nta ka 1,500 af; mbk n'aka na tr mmeri nke
Mexico site Spaniards. af dragn ukwu ah osisi ( Dragaena Draco ) nke Orotava
on Tenerife b bna kpebisiri ike kara 5000 af, na ga-ab site nkt ngkta oge
nke nd Juu akk ifo fr nke nta hsr ka e kere akk . " (Schleiden, Grundz. II p.
629.)
fd osisi na-eto eto nway nway, nd z ngwa ngwa d ka umengw nangwa-ngwa nwere n'etiti nd m anman.
"An alga, ebighi-ebi eriri afo ann e chta r gb mmiri na 1500 kw
ogologo, na r Nchkwa Mmad. Fanning, onye nwe na onye na-elekta nke
botanical gardens na-Carracas, na-egosi na af ole na ole gara aga a

d Convolvulus on n'ime 6 nwa bgh sere ihe na-erugh 5,000 kw, nke ga-ab
nkezi nke 24 kw na-l ehihie na abal l. " (Murray na Fror. Bgh. XXXVIII. S.
250.)
A mara anwa b na na-aj gara aga a okooko nt nke rye, j akpa na n'elu nke
ahha b na mmiri ebe iputa z anther na a nkeji ole na ole na filaments
ruo 1 / 2 gbat omenala.
"Mgbe otu atmat e mgbak na mwep echiche n'd na a nn ngwa ngwa-eto
eto dkwa ka usoro ha, nd Riesenbovist ( Bovista gigantea ), na minit bla 20,000
hr mkpr nd." (Schleiden, osisi. 43)
4) m mmad na anman kpuchie elu elu ugwu ah nke nd naan n'ime oge
mgbe kre Wachstume ma b ok mmepe nke niile akk ke osisi nke elu ugwu
nke nd ekwek n'gw nke nd mmepe nke ah hr, ifuru ya n, na ihe nile uto
nwetara ebe a d rba ama mgbanwe. Gn nwere ike gosi na mma kara nke ah
mgbe osisi d iche na nke anman, r nke uto na mmepe nke oru bgh naan na a
n'aka b nzube nke nd, ma a-esi nweta ihe mgbaru s na-onwe ya?
fd ( b ezie na bgh ihe niile) osisi na-egosi na heyday a iju ubara uto
engines. A na-akp otu nar Aloe ( agave Americana .) Eg-eweta na ndda Europe 3
ma b 4 af na greenhouses nke nd na mpaghara na-50 ma b af 60 tupu ya
amalite efeghar, waakwa okooko; ma mgbe ah, na mberede mere na a nwa ole
na ole a ifuru azuokokoosisi, nke b 15 na-18 kw ogologo. Mgbe okooko, isi osisianw anw na-eleta Nebenschlinge. Ya mere, ihe niile vitality na naa na oge ntoju
b kpatara ike gwgw. At ala nke osisi mgbrgw mgbe pushing stalk, gaadr mmiri siri nn ike n'onwe ya, na na-ama na-audible igbu mkporohihi chr
akws-ah. Mere osisi ma dgh stalk, na-angide na nye mmiri, nke b ok n'ihi
na humidification nke ala ara, nd d n'elu. - Any maara na mgbe nile na osisi d
mkpa ka oge ntoju z mmiri kara na mb; ee tt d mkpa ka a na-eji nn akr
na uz z, d ka cactus chr na heyday ike tinye chr. - The agave foetida ma
b Fourcroya gigantea e ak na Paris ubi nke fr nke nta otu nar af na nwere
n'oge d nn ka e gosiri a ngwa ngwa na bna mmepe mgbe na mberede n'oge
okpomk nke 1793, nke b nn na-ekpo k, malite ngwa ngwa ra elu, na 77
bch 22 1 / 2 kw, nkezi kwa bch 3 1 / 2 sentimita asat; na fd nd bch
ma fr nke nta l kw. (Decand. Physiol. II. 34.)
5) The m anman ngide na akk, mgbe ha na-n'z zuru ezu meptara, na
liveliest metabolism site, na-mgbe dere mgbe fdr otu d nke hr ihe, nke
bna na-emetta kpkp. The r ga-kas ike etbe ke n'z zuru ezu meptara
akk. The osisi na aka nke z na-ozu, d ka ha na-guzobere, ihe si na metabolism
na na; r; hr zutretenden bekee na-na na-eji na-etolite hr akk; ochie oru
ngide z d ka residues nke nd mb r, hr na pr ma b itinye onwe
ya; ma b na ha dap. N'ihi ya abatakwa osisi ahu nke osisi, d ka na-kpr, si na;
mgbanwe na-abgh wa z na nd z si; osisi pr bna b internally oghere,
na-akpali ha ka n nd n'elu ah p; nd epupta-egosi niile d mkpa phenomena naadgh ike, nd okenye ha na-, na-ada site na ikpeaz na-eme ka hr ohere. nk The

akk nke anman, n'ezie, na-wilted; kama b naan site dum anman af, ah
na-akws, ah na-akws ruo mgbe ebigh ebi. bgh ot ah na osisi. Nke a d
iche b, d ka ihe niile na-atle ebe a, naan ikwu; n'ihi na ezi bgh onye ngwa nke
nd osisi si na; r dara ma n'ezie, si; ma b omume nile.
Duhamel kwuru na ga nke a nkpuru osisi nke nynya chestnut nke 1 1 / 2 sentimita
asat n'd elu site a fd ohere ekwesgh Ekwes ezi silver wires n'ime 10 h
akk. Na n'oge mgbs akwkw bu ihe d ot niile d n'ebe onye bla z na na
z, na nso ka elu gwgw na e mmas. N'af nke ab, mgbe hr engine nwere
4 ka 5 edoghi n'ogologo, n'otu aka ah, kedhde, na ya pta b otu, mgbe n'af
mb Ome kpmkwem akara gagh akp. Nke a na akk b d ka na-okokre,
mere. Yiri kwuru site n'aka Hales on vine.Duhamel na-gwuru na-esote a na-eto eto
osisi a osisi d, nyere na a pointer onye n'n kwekr na a akara na e mmas ka
n'gbgb etopta. The pointer mgbe niile gbala kpmkwem na-aga n'ihu izute
akara, b ezie na osisi ama ugbu toro ukwu na elu. - Ozugbo kpamkpam Original
Mix akk mbaa na niile ma ihe na kprkp ma b ogologo. Ibu mgbe niile naemetta nd na-eto hr akk. - Duhamel were la-cha eri site na mgbrgw na
vegetated na mmiri nan ya, ma b kwuru na ha site mpga n'aka acha gh ka o
nwee ike mfe ghta na atmat. Ke ofri ofri, n'ihi b na nd niile na-ag akk ga
na-edebe ha n'ebe d anya site n'olu nke mgbrgw, Ot d tt ihe ha nwere ike
gbat oge kpughere; a na-egosi na mgbrgw angide na-eto naan na elu; b ezie
na, d ka nd z buru ibu nwnwa gosiri na nke a b mere abgh naan site n
mpta cell obibia na n'elu, ma Ot d eme n'ime a obere anya na elu gbatia. Ma
tt nd nwere mmas banyere uto nke akk d iche iche nke osisi s. Na Treviranus,
Phys. 11. 152 iche. Otu ihe kwuru si hr mm na nd dgas iche iche nke uto
nke Bravais, Hartingh, Mnter, Grisebach na Grafe d na Wiegm. Njiko., 1844. II.
38th
6) br na bee a ngwere d, a kw ap, na-anchi ya z; a ghasa dochie
isi ya, ya feeler z. Ebe anman nwere ike dochie ihe n'ihi na udi-angide
mutilated. The anman si na-eto na-nn nan gbak iji nweta a gw udi, ma
br na d mkpa ka replenish. Ma a osisi mgbe na-arpta a kp-ap z, a
cutaway mpempe akwkw n'ndu ya z. ma chpsa z, na-ma e d iche iche
n'ebe nd z; ha ibu bgh naan ma kee fd oru ime mgbe kwesr n'r
ah. Gn ka toro b a n'oge gara aga; kwesr ya onwe ya na-ad nd, ga onwe ya
na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto.
7) Osisi b n'ozuzu a chch mta akk na a gburugburu d na-ar maka; na
gburugburu ma d ya dd emechaghi d, mgbe anman imewe dechara iche-iche
nwere ihe bla kpatara. Nke a na-egosi na uto nke osisi na nke ulo oru mbo
kpebisiri ike iji wuchaa mgbe obere na a pta kara nke anman. b ezie na ihe d
iche b z naan dt, n'ihi na e nwere na-na m anman gburugburu iche-iche
(na gburugburu eju shells, mpi, wdg), nke ugbu a adabere na ihe bla na-akparagh
k Wachstume; na-na osisi na-ewe gburugburu chch site n'ebe nile na site
nile; ma na-egosi otu ihe ah na m anman dt obere, na akwukwo nri ala-eze,
ma tt ihe z tt mgbe ga-apta na mb n'anya.

The twining osisi, dum azuokokoosisi niile na ebo ifufe spirally gburugburu a
nkwado, na fd osisi spirally n'onwe ya (lee n'ihu.); na agba nd na-emekaragba na a gburugburu asfe gburugburu azuokokoosisi, nke ka ndondo agbakwunyere
zuru ezu nnyocha oge (lee XV ..); waat nke Mammillarias nwere a gburugburu
nd; fd okooko osisi tupu okooko gburugburu nya ( aeativatio
contorta ); fd mkpr osisi, d ka mma-agha agwa, ma b akk nke mkpr
osisi, d ka ihe tt nke pine cones, na-egosi chch gburugburu adiana ma b
nd; ferns magbuo onwe on ab ntziaka, otu n'ime a gburugburu grga, mgbe
ah si incurved resilient mpta direction; dum d ad nke Oszillatorien b
gburugburu; okenye ann alaka Lycium Europaeum agbasagh spiraler n'aka; na ga
nke Italian poplar bugharia, agbakwa site ahh, gburugburu; on a ogologo nduku
hr niile anya na a gburugburu usoro site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri na-argo
n'usoro; fd osisi na ntutu na waat, nke b n'z doro anya na gburugburu edoghi,
r n'aka. - Inside osisi, any nwere usoro gburugburu ara; (lee p. 35) na mosses,
liverworts, ferns Charen na gburugburu spermatozoa; na mkpr nd nke Chara nabna cornstarch chaplet a gburugburu n'kw;-enwe mmiri mmiri aga, nke b na
mkpr nd nke Chara chptara a gburugburu direction, wdg - tt ikpe nke
gburugburu chch na osisi nwere ike d na Goethe si inem: "Na gburugburu
chch nke ahha" (Ges-ar r Vol 55. p .. 99) anaktara. Banyere iwu gburugburu
Kechie nke fd okooko osisi tupu nkenye nd ( aestivatio coutorta ), ka e jiri ya
tnyere nke fd mkpr osisi karsa :. Brown na Flora ma b
n'ozuzu. botan. Time. nke 1839 S. 311th
8) Osisi b ike isere ha eto inorganic ihe na-emeso ha, Ot d, b ike na-eri nri
naan organic ihe na-eto eto na m anman; nd na-ewuli a nd n gg on
hr, nke a nan rebuilds. bna n'z nd z, a hr ya na assimilation nke bekee
na uto Filiks nke osisi na-ar a d nn iche r kara m anman. Na mkpokta,
ihe d iche iche osisi na-enye a ptara yiri ihe oriri, ma ha nwere ike ga-am nd kas
iche iche ihe na ihe niile nd z omume nke nd r presupposes na e nwere ike
jikr peculiar iwu nke coenaesthesis nwekwara ma. z-enwe d iche iche m
anman, b ezie na dgas iche iche nke nri, ma na-emepta ihe niile nn otu ihe
ah na nile enwegh tnyere obere tt bekee na ya d ka osisi. The bekee nwere otu
osisi, d nn ka mpga phenomena nke ibu dabere na oge, nd, d af iri na nd
nd z agbanwe n'ike n'ike; nd kas mma gw osisi ar r na-ekwesgh ekwes,
anaktara site na-ezigh ezi echiche, ihe bla; Ka dgod m anman d ka
adgh eme ka tt ihe d iche. b n'ebe ah ma bna osisi na-agbanwe na nke
anyanw n'ehihie mgbe ha vootu nn ot ah, tt utoojoo uto ilu mgbede.
"The epupta nke Cotyledon calycina Red ( Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb .) Ke
India b site Hayne tt d ka acidic d ka srel, keenweghiuto n'etiti-ehihie,
mgbede ilu. Link iji gosi nd a na kwuru otu mgbe Cacalia
ficoides L ., Portulacaria afra Jacq . Ma Sempervivum arboreum L. " (Gmelin
Theoret. Chemistry 1829. B. II. S. 1802.)
E nwere otu ebe na nd d mfe offsetting osisi almnd mee agba t almnd, nke
amghkwa ilu almnd na mb. (Liebig, Chem. Letters. P.173)

Kas yiri osisi ibu b o nwere inwe n n'af, na uto nke nwa ebu n'af; brhaala
na ah d ka osisi si akk site n mmalite na-ewuli onwe ya. Nke a myirta,-aghta
elu n, ugbu a n'ezie otu ugboro ada az ohiha elu elu emegidegh ihe adgh emet
ha n'ah nke osisi. Ftusleben otu osisi nd, n'ihi ya osisi nd h Ftusleben. Nwa
ebu n'af na-adgh; Ot ahkwa ka a adgh ak. Ya mere, na-mere ngwa ngwa. D
ka ma br na e gagh ewere a n'akk nke di iche iche mgbe bla ntnyere ma e
wezga n'akk myirta.
Nwa ebu n'af na-kpr n'okpuru nduzi nke ala z vitality, adtagh ya ihe si mba
z nd obubu, na-eto ka a ngwaaha na akk nke z ah n'nd nd kas edo
mmetta maka a nditm kwuru, gbelu; ahekere na-eto n'onwe ya, na-akwadebe
onwe ya d nd ha na ihe onwunwe na-etolite nnwere onwe n'okpuru wechselndsten
mmetta nke n'z wa, b ezie na bgh na-enwegh a plan, ma otu n'ime freest
mkpughe. N'ihi ya, kama nke osisi ag site ntnyere na uto na nwa ebu n'af na
adgh emet ha n'ah, onye kwesr kama na-eche a priori d ot ah ntnyere.
Ka na-erugh doro tnyere nke osisi nd n'ozuzu, na Ftusleben nwere ike b ka a
pr iche nke osisi nd na nn ukwuu ikpe ziri ezi na-ewe nd d ot ah
comparability na-ekwu;M ptara nd nke nta osisi na nkpuru ahu, mgbe ka naakwado site na nd nne na nna osisi. bna ebe a b dum osisi usoro meptara na
rootlets, ga na Blattfederchen ihe, b mmepe nke nwa ebu n'af na egg mgbe ka
na dude ke nne ahu ka yiri ka o kwere. A osisi na nkpuru n'ezie, d ka nke ma nke
onwe mmetta na-efu d ka nke nwa ebu n'af; ma mgbe nwa ebu n'af d ot ah uru
mgbe abr si nne ahu na agbaji egg na free okporo z mgbanwe na ikuku na h,
gn mere a ka mkpr na-erugh n'okpuru nd d ot ah n'nd nd yiri ya?
Ikekwe b ya unhelpful izute rashness nke nchikota a na ubi, ma, na a dee. O
buru na ntnyere nd nd eweptara osisi na Ftusleben ga nn ebe nile nke n'ezie
nwere ike r ihe na ya; onye ga-nwere ikike na-ikwubi na-angh nke onwe ha
adgh emet ha n'ah na osisi? - Ma l; kama b naan d nn ka mma nwere ike
nwesr nso onwe-nghta nke nwa ebu n'af ya. tt nd chere na nke nwa ebu n'af
enwegh onwe ha adgh emet ha n'ah, b onwe ya nan ihe bla d ka ihe a na, ya
mere, elegh anya ha pr iyi ka any, ma, d ka ma unproven, agagh efeli iji gosi na
uz z ma b gbagha. Ha na-ekwu na ahmah na-enye any ihe m; any naecheta ma dgh sensashion z si Ftuszustande. Ma ihe nwoke na-echetakwa ihe
o nwetara n mb izu ole na ole mgbe ha msr nwa? Ndi enye ya mere shii? Ka naerugh any pr t anya na nwoke ka na-echeta ihe o chere banyere tupu mm
nwa; kamakwa obere ihe m nke enwegh ebe nchekwa nke a mmetta megide
omume nwere otu Olee. The ebe nchekwa onwe ya Nleta d nn now ya na mm
nke; na d ka ogologo d ka any b nke osisi na-itinye enwegh ezi na ebe nchekwa,
d ka mgbe e mesr (XIV)-atle, n'ihi ya, na-anchi n'ezie n'ime ebe a na nwa ebu
n'af nn na otu lar;osisi ada na ike iche echiche nd nke nwa ebu n'af na nwa
ebu n'af na nke osisi.
Ot d, m onwe m n'ebe d anya n'ebe-ach inwere dabere na nzr nke a n'ezie
onwe-sensashion nd nke nwa ebu n'af ihe; M na-ekwu naan na otu on Kama nke
ah tt nd chere ka obere nwere ike iru ihe n'ihi bla tt nd chere ebe a

banyere naan a ga-agu n'onye ezi omume site ihe nd z dgas.

E wezga uto mmeghar ot anya na-ewere osisi na-adgh bna tt nd z
mmeghar ke mpachi na mkpughe, na-az na shde, ekwe na-agbagkwa ha akk
maka n ekwegasr, nke a gagh mgbagwoju anya na ibu mmeghar, b ezie na,
n'ezie, ihe nile na-ejikr na organic Filiks, na- njik. Any nwere ike ma m
anman d iche a okpukpu ab, nke kwekr na ab d tropism ruo n'k
fd. The anman nwere ike gbanwe ya na nd kpamkpam, ma naan-eme ka
onye z onye akk ah ya nke na nd d iche iche, gbanwee, gbanwee, Ot d,
na-angide ka a dum ke ebiet. Ihe mb ntnyere, o yiri, mgbe osisi n'ihu n'ime naeto eto na-n'etiti onwe ha banyere onwe ha n'ime l, na-enwegh Ot d, d ka
anman mgbe inwe ike thap onwe ya si na-amalite ihe gafee; letzterm mgbe naenwegh fortzustrecken site hr na-eru nso na-eme ka na-ama nwetara hr
nd. N'akk nile nke osisi n'elu ala b nd d ot ah mmeghar ike; dum
azuokokoosisi, dum okpueze amama tt nd aka h; na nd z, azuokokoosisi
ifufe gburugburu props;epupta si d nd freshness na-ada na ike gw; na petals eme
n'oge na tt na-etinye na mgbede: na stamens nke fd okooko osisi mgbada
mgbe oge njikta spam bara pistil; e nwere epupta na enwetagh ijiji site na-eweta
n oge se na-elekta. fd nd d ot ah mmeghar-ebe nan na n'okpuru nduzi
nke akpan akpan stimuli; nd z na-enwegh nd d ot ah, ma br na oge nke
mmepe nke osisi na-agba ume; onye bla osisi na-akpa gw d iche iche nime
ya; fd b ot mmetta s s nke na folds Ib akwkw bla aka; ebe a b
nd a, e nwere nd na-akk z articulated, agbakas na mobile. E nwere ihe nile a
na-adgh agw agw di iche iche. Ka any na-eme ka ah z na-akpali site n'ihe ah
ebe mmekrta d on mmuo na mmetta nke z ma b nd myirta na anman
mmeghar b kas ukwuu, mgbe niile na-eji amamihe, na any adgh at anya naakparagh k myirta.
Osisi b a h-mmiri na-ag kere eke, na o zuru bgh nan na, na-eduzi site uto
kwupta h, nke any hr ihe at n'elu; amama mgbe niile n'aka ha nwere, mee ka
n nn ihe kwesr ekwes na nd na nd ya. The kas anya doro eme nnyocha
myirta lr akpr ebe a nwere mmuo nke m anman hr, b ezie na o
doro onye ka ukwuu n'ime ha d nn ihe bla ma myirta.
Ya mere Decandolle na-ekwu na ya Pflanzenphysiol. II. 874: "Onye bla
chptara na alaka nke edinm ndien ke greenhouses ma b na l osisi na windo
atghar, na alaka nke ok ha osisi na-agbalsi maka egbuke egbuke isi ihe nd naeto eto na mgbidi osisi egosi a chch chigharia ha, na na osisi ke ofri ofri, d ka
ma br na ich n'ihi nke a pr iche mmuo, kwupta h. "
Si epupta, b karsa n'elu, nke na-ach h. na-a osisi ma b alaka d ot ah
aka wuru nd na music na-ewe ya n'elu now ha ala n'aka ka h ah, ka n'oge naadgh eme ka petiole ma b, na ya na-angh ya, na isi nke akwukwo adiana, adru
eke ebe manufactures onwe ya ( boneeti). Nke a chch nn ike nke na Knight a
vine akwukwo, nd underside nke na-achakwa na h anyanw, na nke o nwere n'z
bla iji nweta ke pta wa na nd egbochi, hr ka fr nke nta bla iji
atghar h n'akk aka nri. tt mgbe, mgbe nwere a bch ole na ole ah na a

fd direction gakwuru chr na-kpuchie site Back diffraction ya nkikara akwa

fr nke nta niile ya na underside ot ah, na-agbasa z + p n'ihu si green l
window na-abgh uzo ka h z gakwuru (Treviranus posts. 119).
Dutrochet gwara na s. Som. P. 131: "M wee h na, ma br na na-ach gbanah
a meziri site ptara elu elu nke akwukwo nke a eguzo n'z osisi na obere mbadamba
kpuchie a mpempe akwkw, nke bgh mgbe niile ah, ma ka na-nke d, d ka ha
nwere ike r nd kacha na kas na-eji ;. n'ihi ya, dgh anya, e mere site mpta ekwe
nke petiole, mgbe fd site a gbagr agbag nke otu petiole ka azuokokoosisi b
osisi ukwuu na mpempe akwkw a ga-enwe obere nwere ike inwe, ot kpebisiri nd
petiole n'ala, nke mere na n'akk eru n'okpuru osisi h nwere ike kr na agba. "
Notu n'okike kpuchie n mpempe akwkw nke a agwa akwukwo (site Phaseolus
vulgaris ), nke a maara na-enwe 3 leaflets, na obere mbadamba. Ugbu a, ebe b na
nke a nwere ike dr mpempe akwkw n'ihi n'd mkpmkp nke ya pr iche
azuokokoosisi bgh site diffraction nke otu cover na mbadamba, ot a ka e mere site
diffraction nke Community petiole. " br na," na-ekwu Dutrochet, "h k ego a
ga-eji ebe a na-aba ka otu njedebe, ga-anwa ya kwenyere na weere ya ebe a na
nzuzo a n'obi, nke ahr nd kas kwes ekwes n'aka maka b ihe mgbaru s. " Nke ah z, n'ezie ihe riri ka h, bgh z mgbap nke osisi b ihe na-aba
n'ime play na nd a nwere, e ji eziokwu na, na ugboro ugboro, nke otu na chchr
bgh chch owt ize eze na cover na mbadamba.
Na-eto eto doo nkpuiru b ngwa ngwa kara nd agadi - bna dum alaka osisi
nwere ike site na mmehie nd nke Ib akwkw tghara, na-kppta ya
nd. (Dassen) na Wiegm.Njiko. 1838. II. P 159.)
Mgbe ike n'isi na nke nd z bara, mgbe a mpempe akwkw mmas nke na naemeli ka ya elu elu ka h n'z bla, ma na-amanye na-atghar na ala otu, ot
emebi mpempe akwkw; ee nmebi-agbasa site na e-elekta alaka l r. Ya mere,
b n'ezie a amas nd ibi nd, nke na-ach iji merie n'aka nri ya itie ke h.
Dassen (Fror. N. ahh. VI. 51) ka ndondo mere nnwale site na nke o na-ekwere na
nwere ike na-egosi na ngaghar nke UM UBARA, nke e ekewet mmetta nke h
n'ebe bbu nd, n'ezie, bgh na-adabere n'ebe ma na epupta mgbe nile nwere
gw na-atghar otu onye nke ihu elu, na nd a na-ewere mgbe niile agbalsi, naemeri ihe n'z nd nd d na gw nke h, okpomk, mmiri. N'ezie ga-apta
site na ya nwere na chch d ot ah, ma e wezga h mmetta na-ewe ebe; Ot
d chr na n'elu nwere Dutrochets na nd z ma ghara kpamkpam kwara Dassens
nd. Maka any, mkparta ka ah banyere isiokwu a d mkpa; n'ihi na any
nwnwa nd ah na-ebi naan na-eje ozi na-egosi ot ah osisi na-agbalsi ike itinye
onwe ha site uduak mmeghar ke dd kwesr ekwes nd ihe yiri nke ah ka m
anman, na b indifferent ihu ma ma br na nd a oke b h ma b ike
ndda, ma b ihe bla z ,
N'etiti okooko osisi, na sunflower nwere n'ezie d ka nd ruru eru nke aha ya, ma
dgh ihe ha chch na-eso nd nke anyanw n'elu site na ya anyanw-d ka
dd. Nwere abgh Athannsius Kircher bna a sundial chr ka a.

The ngwar kwesr na-eson: Ke n'etiti ala nke a buru ibu, ikpe ejupta na mmiri,
na tub ga gw n'n mmas na ofu a a bukwanu mpempe okwuchi nke mere na otu
duu na mmiri nwere ike bugharia unu kpamkpam gburugburu n'elu. On a diski g
itinye a sunflower n na mgbrgw ke vetikal direction (nwekwara ike ka na-aga
azuokokoosisi site na okwuchi).Si azuokokoosisi onwe ya ka na oshde aka ume
nke osisi fd ji aj an kpaa na gw nd agha na mmiri. Ha kk, ifuru na a metal
mgbanaka, na ya n'ime n'akk, awa ole mgbe ohere nke ebe e deptara n'z ziri
ezi, nke mere ka nkwnye gwgw na etiti nke nche pointer ot ngosi nke
ma. Ngwar a, were now tt na n'z nke mere na n'ebe ugwu-ya nile naekpochap site anyanw. The ifuru b ugbu a, mgbe N'ezie nke ah n'aka nke ya, ma
si ot na-egosi na awa.
N'ezie, nke a b nn a gimmick; n'ihi na h anyanw b bgh naan ya, nke naekpebi nd nke sunflower; onye na-ah sunflowers ezu na-adgh anya ka
anyanw; d ka anman na ya na nd na mmeghar nwekwara adgh kpebisiri ike
nan a mkpali. Ma, anyanw b ihe bla meren a isi ihe mkpali na-nd nke a
ifuru d ka tt nd z na okooko osisi nwere mmetta. (Vergi. Ekwurta okwu site
Hegel jaa .. 54.)
tt herbaceous osisi-akpalikwa ya na akpati alaka ya dt mgbe N'ezie nke
anyanw, d. D ka Lupinus luteus , Reseda luteola, Sonchus arvensis , wdg (Van l
Nzuk. Elem.Bot. P. 28).
Ya mere, n'z doro anya na ikpe kpmkwem na mb chch nke osisi akk b
kwupta h, ma e nwekwara otu ebe h ah na-ach s, d nn ka na m
anman fd m anman na n'nd fd, nd otu ihe mkpali s, nke z naCh n'okpuru kas nd.
Ya mere, na-ede, Mohl (banyere owuwu na nd ifufe nke tendrils p.26): "O nwere
otu oddity egosi na tendrils nke osisi van na Knight nwekwara of (Philos transact
1812. p 314th ..)Cissus hederacea site bgh d ka z green akk nke osisi naatghar ihe ah meren h, ma si n'akk ebe h ji mere, chigharia. a onu b ihe
z ptara h n'ihi na ifuru yk nke osisi van a, + nke tendrils iputa, nke a s naegosi megide h. nka ekwe az tupu ihe ah meren h na-apta h bgh nan na
mgbe Rebenschlinge na a l na-enweta nan otu akk na-h, kamakwa a ptara
h nke ukwuu etoju nke vine, nke na-adr mmas na-emeghe ebe tendrils z ma
b na-erugh a ihu n'ebe ugwu show ma b br na ha na-adta on mgbidi, nagburu imegide ihe a ... eziokwu na nke a nd mmemmem nabatara nke props, naad mfe hr, ma na nke a direction b n'ihi na mmetta nke h, pr h na na
tendrils p bkwa ezi detached Ome nke osisi vine si meren h, na, br na naetinye a etopta a vine n'okpuru ihe na-emeghe window, nd tendrils az megide efu
ohere nke l na-atghar, ghara saidwees megide mgbidi nke window, nan nke a d
nso. - Nke a agbapkwa n'ebe h yiri nan nd tendrils
nke Cissus na Vitis zuzukommen, dkara ala m nwere ike (Mohl) na tendrils nke
Passifloras si Cobaea mara nke a zlitere na greenhouses, na nke h nwere ike naeche nke nan otu akk, mgbe, na ha ma zuwendeten h ma b otu ihe ah gbaa
s. Otu Achptakwara m na Passiflora coerulea , Pisum sativum, Lathyrus

odoratus , on cucurbits, nke m kwagara n'ime l; b ezie na ga nke osisi-ike-az

kwupta h, vine n ka nd uniformly niile ntziaka karr. "
Mgbe Dutrochet now s azuokokoosisi Atmat nke hops ( Humulus lupulus ) na
bindweed ( Convolvulus sepium ), na rootlets nke germinating ka mistletoe dika
h. Mgbe Payer ime otu ihe ah, na mkprgw nke kabeeji na-acha cha mstad, d
ka ga-achpta, ma br na kr na mkpr nke a osisi na owu ese n'elu mmiri
ke otu iko mmiri juru. D ka ga gbagr agbag n'ebe h, na mgbrgw j h
mere na osisi a S -anchi anya. The mgbrgw nke Sedum telephium akp bgh site
ma na-agbasa si kpmkwem h anyanw. Na mgbrgw nke cress ma na-emetta
ma nd nkt ma b kpmkwem h ebe kamakwa eme ka h na mgbrgw, ma
n'akuku nke nchepta nke mgbrgw b mgbe niile nta kara nke pta. (Comptes
rendus. 1843. II. 1043.)
N'etiti nd kas akpali mmuo okwu nd yiri nke nd nke osisi na-agnye ihe ndi
twining osisi na atmanya nke ha posts-egosi ihe karsa Mohl ezi outcrops nyere (d
s. Nkeji nke ifufe nke vine).
A osisi nke natara site n'mm na-Mkpebi siri ike gburugburu gburugburu a
nkwado, a mpempe gbatr si n'wa hervorkeimend, naan ekwes n'ime ikuku, ma
mgbe ah eberede ke Fort me waks n'akk elu na a z, na b ya wagrechten
kwupta na-eru nso kar, Ot d, na-angide na ala ziri ezi. Ugbu a, a vetikal akkamalite na-bugharia banyere ya axis, nke mere na na emep uta eri nke otu iche a
gburugburu nd. d ka a mpempe eriri, nke a na-enwe n'l elu ihe na-agba
gburugburu na aka nke z n'onwe-ya; ma e wezga na na osisi nd na-ekekta e
nyere kama n'okpuru site dr na ala, na-agba gburugburu na-rr site n'chch nke
ya vitality nke osisi. N'ezie nd kpebisiri akk megide mmiri na-ada gburugburu na
okirikiri, nakwa site na groping ngaghar ach osisi nkwado. bgh ya ga nke ma
n'ime otu okirikiri, h nd d ot ah, ha ugboro ugboro ya nke ma tt ugboro
mgbe projecting erukwa na feeler site Fort me waks ebi. pr na a gburugburu
nke ibu okirikiri a nkwado eguzo na e kr nta okirikiri. ma h na osisi d ot ah
n'z bla, n'ihi ya, na-enye elu na-anwa; b kwa ar ya iji na-enweta kwa
ogologo gh feeler n'ala, dinara n'ala na iri ari si ot ah ogologo ruo mgbe h
support. Ndi enye okokt d ot ah, ha ghtara ya ozugbo, n'ihi na na-an ugbu a
ozugbo igbe igbe ime ebe, na e mere ka o ogidi na elu. Kwuru ha ihe bla banyere
ya, na mmas na ya ghara nkwas support na-agba s, ga-agbanyegh byway
na-agba s n'ihu nke ugbu a direction, ebe na-nwere tt ihe adaba, bgh ka
na-agbalsi megide mkpa d mkpa.
The looping nke support mgbe ah na-akws na adiana nke asfe azuokokoosisi
onwe ha (nke na-eme emep uta eri na-akwa a gburugburu akara), d ka pr
kwenye onwe g mgbe na sere tinyere asfe azuokokoosisi na ink ra strok; nd a
angide na axis agakorita (Mohl p.111).
N'ezie, i nwere ike na-anchi anya ihe ga nke ma z ot a, ma-ekwusi ya n'ezie
na-anchi anya ya mere, an ah mkpesa nke support ka osisi ha ekwubigagh okwu
k nke elu s; Sensashion b n'az ya. Ot d, b otu agadi akk. Na h ziri
ezi onye nwekwara ike anya na elu s nke osa on mmezi ebo d ka ihe ub ihe

mgbagwoju anya egwuregwu nke mkpali nke h zar na-ada site na Eich agbr
anya nke osa, na mmezi nje onwe ya ka ihe mgbagwoju anya na ngwar na
mmeghar ke osa; -egosi ot ihu ma ka obere a pr kwa d ka a akr n'ala nwere
ike iwe twining osisi maka elu-mba ski, d ka d ka h na-aba site a osisi, na nd d
nd na osisi nwere ike iwe nd osa g. Na br na hypothetically na a ka n'aka nke
z, e nwere ike ikwu d ka ihe ga nke ma, onye mere nwere ya na a ghara iwere d
ka nke n'aka nke z, d nn ka na. Ma, ebe a m na-ezo n'elu ya na mb mkparta
ka.
The osisi now ifufe ruo n'elu elu ugwu ah na elu. br na ha rukwara top, ihe
ga-eme? The support b na njedebe; Ya mere d mkpa nke adkwa hr na osisi
amalite z d ka na-mmalite, anya n'ihi na na-. na-etolite z naan a bit na
ikuku, mgbe ah, tghara ugboro ugboro amalite igodo na a gburugburu, chta r
z post.
fd n'ime writhing osisi nwere peculiarity d nn mma, na nd z,
umherzutasten nan ekpe nd n gburugburu, mgbe ah writhe nwekwara mgbe niile
na nd d ot ah a direction. na-etinye a mmanya na-ekpe na-esote button aka nri
nke a twining a osisi na-ach ya nkwado, ha nwere ike h ya, na-akpali kama bna
p na ya. Onye a kwuru megide d ad nke onye na mmuo. N'ihi na, na ha, na nd
mmuo ga-ekwe ka osisi Zpta d nso Stock; Kama ha wepr na ya. Ma ikpe nan
na-egosi ihe any na-ama mara na uz z, na mmuo na-agb ah e kere ya kwuru na
eke na usoro. N'ezie, button adgh nwere anya, na bna hungriest adgh ah otu
achcha, nke ngidere n'az ya, nd s bna bgh mgbe na weere ya ka imi
ya. Ma mgbe gwara otu mmuo na nwere ike inye ya ihe ka ha rie, ka ga-as s
na-ah ya, mgbe achcha nwere ike n'z d nn mfe at uche, d ka osisi Agbaghara
ihe mgbochi, br na a kpasuru ya ego bgh ch site mmeghar nke imi, ma
ogwe-aka abua, ihe chr.
tt osisi entwine nwr anw d ka nd props; na dodder ( Cuscuta ), hr pta
eto eto, gosiri diche n'etiti ab; ha umwindet naan vivid. 1) Gn mere na ha nwere
nd d ot a z mmuo kara osisi nd z? Ha nd ibi nd na-ad iche. The z
twining osisi site tendrils gaba n'iru,-angide ka gbanyere mkprgw n'ala na inu iri
site na ya, bna na-enwegh nkwado hergibt d ot ah. The dodder ma naakawanye mgbe ha germinated na ala, si na otu kpamkpam tufuo ya site na ya naarapara n'ah mgbrgw anw na ugbu a, ha ka na-ike nan site na nd d nd na
osisi site rootlets, nke ha na drava kwaga nri; ihe ya otu kara, na a nwr anw
ngwaaha. The nd azuokokoosisi iche kpuchiri ya uko ibe, na eme nzuzu ya, naanw anw na ya. Olee ot ugbu a ga-enyere osisi? Na nd nwr anw nwere ike h
z nri ma. na-amalite ugbu a ya ibe mbaa ma br na ha nwere ike si ot ike
chpta z griin haus.
1)

b ezie na Mohl (Na Fabric, ifufe nke tendrils S. 127. 131) na-ekwu na
nd Cuscata ab akr ka adgh nd ozu, z. B. nkpa-n'aka nke fir osisi, iko
mkpara, silver akpa, nakwa d winch kara ka bi (Stengel ma na-ak na
nkwupta a okenye d nke na-esite ama on nd z d nd na osisi na ike inu
nd a n'ebe ah p nri, ebe hr Palm, (banyere ifufe nke osisi p 48) na dodder

dgh mgbe ka ozu ifufe; o nyere ya b a otutu nwr anw ma b inorganic

aru iche iche iche iche d ka na-akwado, na-achgh ihe bla megide b n'otu
loops na nd g kwuo The yiri mmegiderta n'etiti ab nkwa a ga-edozi ma
br na onye gesite na Palm. mikpuru onwe ya n'ihe d obere osisi, n'ihi na nke
a b Mohl ( b ezie na bgh tt) nwere na nd na Palm ime O kwuru,
(page 138 nke r ya): "Ma nd na-eto eto, koro eko naan site na
nkpuru. Cascuta Europaea isneke mere (ifufe na-na d nile nke ab nwr
bgh nan ibi nd Stengel), amagh m maka fd; fd mgbal m mere ya, o
yiri ka na-at aro; Ma m gagh ohere ya na-eme na kwesr ekwes n gg
d ka ihe niile osisi Cascuta, nke m ausshte ugboro ugboro, bgh aufgingen,
na d ka na-eto eto d na m gwuru n'z, lara n'iyi, ma e wezga n'ihi na otu
onye, onye ya na m na-eme ihe nwere. E wezga nke a gbasirila, nke ka n na
nkpuru uwe, na nke di ka 2 sentimita asat ogologo, m rapaara a la waya, nke
mere na metr osisi; mgbe 3 bch, a na-emer na dgh ihe z site
n'otu, d nn ka writhed gburugburu a obere mkpanaka pine. Ozugbo m
nwere ma enm z a bi a, ka ha bit ha stalks, writhed n'ime awa itoolu
banyere otu. "

Nke ikpeaz kwuru na m na-adgh ah na Akwkw Ns Mohl ya gwa nd m nke

Prfes Kunze.
Na nri na n'aka ekpe-ifufe nke twining osisi anyanw ma b nwa, ma b
nd a kwuo okwu banyere h mmetta. Na a d nri, ifufe n'oge na-adgh anya
ekpe, Mohl akanam mdhe. Ya mere, na-adte chptara, writhe na d a genus,
ma bgh mgbe niile ka otu ezinl, n'otu uzo. Ihe ka tt n'ime vine ifufe ekpe.
Mgbe h na creepers ka n'ozuzu erugh osisi nd z (lee fig. S, 142). bna
n'abal nakwa ka mwepu nke h na-eme ka ha okirikiri mezuo iwu, ma b squirm
siech ka ha na-akwado (Mohl p.122).
The ama chptara mmetta ntoroba na-ekwusi onwe ya bna mgbe ifufe nke
osisi. The okirikiri mmeghar, nke na-eme azuokokoosisi nke a vine mere nn otu
ihe ah na-eto eto ala; gachara, b siri ike, Original Mix, na now nwere ike
agaghkwa kechie gburugburu na-akwado, bna ma br na nd d ot ah naeweta n'ime kpmkwem kntakt ya.
Ogwe nke fd osisi nwere ike squirm gburugburu onwe ya na-enwegh njide
onwe na ogologo Empor waxes b ezie na nd a ibe na-adta naan ogologo naemekar bna mee ka ihe dum gburugburu. br na e na nke a na-ach ihe bla
pr iche, ga-ah nke a d ka bgh naan okwu nke otu mmuo d ka chch
twining osisi inweta nkwado. Ma e nwekwara a ihe nke b nke mmas ogologo oge
ka ha na-echeta kara iwu, kara free z na Human na Animal zlite ma naegosipta nrnye. The osisi nwere ike ikwu na-eme omume a abgh osisi, ma, ibe na
ibi ma, ka n'ime na awara awara drava, ot ma pr ijide kwesr ya na organic
ndabere maka mmepe nke a mkpr obi. na-eme ya b na ifufe bna maka a d
mfe, nwr anw, n'ebe nile na ir n'ihi na niile n'onwe ya z na-ach ma site a ka i

bi mmiri mmiri na-ach na-eso fd nd iche d na dd nke ibu, na akk ka

mgbanwe nke nd ka a dgh mgbe any nn anbequemt gbakta n'z.
Any a ije na Leipzig site Avenue, nke b tumadi nke wayo osisi na nynya
chestnuts, na-atle ihe ma nd Rokastanienbume nime ya; ot unu ga-amata d
nn banyere niile miri cracks na n'gbgb na-akplite Rindenwlsten otu nke
fd ogologo na-ag akk gburugburu adiana budata. (Karsa egbu nd z, tt
n'ime nd guzo n'etiti Barfupfrtchen na-eme ihe ngosi ebo. Ebe mba d rba cracks
ma b fliri elu ugbu a, e nwere mettara nke ah gburugburu adiana ka na mgbe
egosipta na leaning megide axis nke azuokokoosisi ntziaka nke obere cracks.) The
gburugburu adiana ebili n'ebe nile otu olu na- ekpe gaa n'aka nri (n'ihi na nd naabgh nke hr) n'd elu. Adiana direction b ya mere ot siri ike na
Rokastanienbaume kpebisiri ike d ka a na-a azuokokoosisi asfe herbaceous
osisi. Ma ogo adiana d iche iche n'otu, b ezie n'akk, pta. N'otu Linden Avenue
onye ma iche enwegh ebe anya ihe rba ama nke adiana. -Esi Rosental na weere naakpata nsogbu nke hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), nke b na-aba ba, ya mere, tt
na-adgh brkwa ihe rba ama nke adiana na-arara ya nye; ma fd na-ad nn
anya na, ma nke mere na d ka nke ma akpata nsogbu ime, ebe adiana nke ekpe gaa
n'aka nri, d ka ebe adahade si ikike ekpe. M guru na a ibu na-ejeghar 20 ebo mb
megide 14 d nke ab d, na preponderance nke mb megide nke ikpeaz kama
b naan n'ihi na nke a fd district, ahapr yiri tortuous Kporo, ot ebe ah
mmepe nke a direction emeri karsa n'nd nd d mma mere. mgbe m zutere na uz
z n'aka ekpe na nri-enyefe nd kas oge ufodu mgbanwe na n'etiti ugboro ab
nwere n'ihe ebe ab oppositely nya akpata nsogbu h guzo nade, ihu na-o doro
anya na n'okpuru yiri nn nd. N'etiti osisi terebinth nke Rose Valley egosi na
dgh nke adiana. Na ijikta nd a d iche iche ikpe, any agagh ah nd na-eson
N'ihi na ike maka mmepe nke usoro nke m anman na m mmad. Ejisie a osisi
na a fd direction nn n'ihu, nke mere ihe bla nwere ike na-agba s ha; ma
ebe usoro b hr n'ihi na obp na dgas iche iche nke mpga nd, a na nke a
ma b na ntziaka nke mmepe, na-enwegh na nd d ot ah nwere ike gbak si
mpga nd naan ya.
Mgbe Goethe kwuru na-emer nd birch wezga spirally si ekpe gaa n'aka nri ruo
n'elu elu ugwu; ma dgh mgbe ma obi d ka gbawara n'etiti nd log achpta
r. Detached birch Kporo egosi na gburugburu adiana nn conspicuous kara nd
nke na-na n'obere ha. Otu kwuru na d ka ozi forstmnnischen vorkmen n'okpuru
pines otu ebe ogwe si n'elu na ala-iche a kpara akpa, tortuous direction; i kweere n'ihi
na na-amas osisi na Brane hr onye ozo edinam-eme ihe ike ok ifufe kpatara; ma
na-eche d ka bna densest ok ha, na-ekpeghachi ya ka b, a fd h,, ka l ka
ihe 1 1 / 2 pasent, na dum, na omume nwere ike na-at anya. bna on ochie chestnut
osisi na Kporo nke Crataegus torminalis -aba mgbe Goethe na gburugburu adiana
n'ihu (Goethe nd. Ar r Vol 55. p 123). M bna hr a Maholderstamm ( Acer
campestre ) kama tortuous. Otutu umu na nd mmad n'otu n'otu nke osisi ma dgh
ihe z show obi bla nke adiana.
N'etiti ngaghar nke mpachi nd na-ekwe, b nke na-osisi na N'ezie nke mmepe

nke nd ha site n'onwe ya, b mkpughe nke corolla mgbe okooko na ha mmechi ma
b nd z na mgbanwe nd nke akk na mara osisi ra vorzugsweisem
mmas. Ma ga-echefu na-elekwas anya anya n'ebe nd ifuru ga na epupta. d
nn keugwu otosr iru-amalite ebe a, nke na-ahap any a ptara maka ime-ime nd
nke osisi nan k nk kara na any pr n'ezie iso. Ka any cheta na na-akw gw
jikr anyanw underway reciprocating ije nke mmiri lily na Lotus si abal ruo
n'bch. Ha ot na mmiri lily na mmiri mgbe Linnaeus, na-eme Huftattig
( Tussilago farfara ) ma e wezga na mmiri; ie, na-emechikwa anya n'abal na
okooko osisi na lowers ha ala, nke yiri nke ehi ra nwoke closes anya ya na ta ya
n'isi. Mgbe kpukpru usen ifuru b mgbe ah n'abal, b ezie na bgh mgbe niile
na nso nke okooko osisi; d ka aka nke z tt okooko osisi na-emechi elu, naenwegh shde onwe ya. Onye bla na-eme ya n'z nke ha.
N'ihi na tt z nd nke ifuru stalk na oge nke okooko oge b n'ihi. The
poppy-agba nwa osisi miri emi bee d ka ogologo oge bgh ma bloomed, ma stiffly
kwem, mgbe ha blossomed; n'agbanyegh ifuru ma ar kara nwa osisi, d ka a naamagh nwoke isi ya, jiri obi umeala gwa nwanne eme ka na otu bch ruo ebu
mpako d ka otu nwaany na-anya isi ha yi uwe mara mma. - Mgbe hyacinth, nke gaoge ntoju, niile ifuru buds pushing nso na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi akara n d ka a
mechiri emechi aka ma ka na-ah akwkw nd akwkw nd d ka epupta; d ka
ma br na bna nd nwetr echiche nke ihe ga-aba na-kenmde site na ha. Ma
mgbe ha agbawa nke ihe ka o kwere mee flexing nke z anya ka nn onwe ha nke
ikuku na h, na ihe z, nwere ike n t, na akwkw nd akwkw nd atghara
n'ime marcha agba. - The Euphorbia oleaefolia Gouan ahap isi ya kpgidere site
na oyi na-ezikwa site na ha Sichaufrichten (mgbe Draparnaud) nloghachi nke mmiri
ka (Decand 11. 628th). - Nke genus Phaca na fd nd z legumes , nd
Blumenstielchen-agbaghar d ot ah na elu mkpr onuete nke ga-emepe nan, ihe
b Lower na mkpr mere ka o kwe omume kpali n'oge maturation nke aka
uwe. (Decand. II. 623.)
Nke otu mmas b nchebe n'okpuru fd osisi n'oge na-ehi ra site nd nke ha
epupta nd siri akk, site agafe e si az epupta na azuokokoosisi ma b onu ire
nke alaka-etolite ma a d foneelu, n'etiti m okooko osisi ma b -echebe epupta
( Malva Peruviana ), ma b bna site uppermost epupta gbadata na m Ome ihe
njiko d ( Impatiens noli m tangere ), ma b site na mpempe akwkw nke a tt
nd mejuptara mpempe akwkw a ga-apaji elu nke mere na mara ifuru n'etiti
-agnye. ( Trifolium
resupinatum naincarnatum , Lotus tetragonolobus na ornithopodioides wdg)
N'agbanyegh nke a otutu ihe karr a na-akp osisi sofa, s. N nkebi a
gbakwnyere nwekwara.
dwo ka bends, d ka ha na-eme ka akk nke osisi, site mkpumkpu
humidification, ma b na-akwa ahagh kpo oku nke emep uta eri on d iche iche
n'akk nke azuokokoosisi.Olee ot obere na now zuru ezu bgh nan na-egosi ot
ahagh omume nke d iche iche osisi na otu nd, nke na nn analogous b kama
nd dokwara d iche iche omume nke d iche iche m anman na otu nd, ma na-

ezi eti banyere Vallisneria spiralis , nke ga bna n'okpuru mmiri ma na-apta
gburugburu.
All kptr aha na mb mmeghar nke ibu, ekwe, mbne, na imeri osisi ike ngwa
ngwa ikwu na mmeghar nke m mmad na m anman nwere ike ime ka. Man,
na m anman ngwa ngwa gbatr ogwe aka ya, na mboanuohia sekp ihe o yiri
bara uru, na akwusila ha d nn ka ngwa ngwa laghachi. Ihe ngwa ngwa fluctuations
na njikwa, na-agba s, jumping! dgh onye nke a na osisi. na erukwa onye naadgh mkprgw ha, adahade ji nway nway na ha ga, na-akp akp nke nta
nke nta ogidi t, o doro anya na umengw na-agbaso stimuli na-eme ihe banyere ha,
na-angide mgbe nile ke n'gw, ha otu ugboro kwere. O sina d, nke a adgh
mejuptara ihe mere gwgw mmetta na instincts na-emechi ya, ma ike mmetta
na mkpali nd pr igosipta kpomkwem ma ike estidem mgbanwe na mmeghar
karr na a nnukwu n gg ma b ok rapidity gaba n'azu-ije, na nke ikpeaz
ekpofu na ofu na warara n nke edinam nke osisi d obere mere. Tlee a-eche echiche
ihe miri emi, ot o si ar r ya n'isi; mma, b ezie na any apgh h ya, aga az
na-apta na tt ezi akwara na vaskla wa akp br ya eme ihe ha ga-uzah; ma atughar na-ah ihe bla. Olee ot miri mgbe obi n'ime nwaany, na ot
obere na-egosi na na-externally; bgh na dgh ihe nke ah kpaliri ya; kama,
anya mmiri pr manye anya, a spasm ikekwe na-aga site niile m aka na kw, obi
chr ya wee krisa, ee, e nwere otu na jumped na n'ime mmetta uche, site na
dike ag nke bara; ma a nile nwere ike mere enwegh ihe bla anya mpga ije. D
ka estidem mgbanwe na-bna a otutu ihe d ok mkpa ngosipta nke sensashion na
gbak ha esi gboo, d ka ihe niile na-nwere ike, ma ha na-ekwupta onwe ha alaka
si nd na-angh. br na mmad iwe saa ha furiously na nd z, b mmeghar nke
ogwe aka ya na nke mmetta uche a na-egosipta ozugbo na ahu, ma ihe na-kpaliri
site iwe na br, na-esetpr nd ogwe aka naan na ije site na-aj nd expiring nke
cranial irighiri akwara , Onye nwere ike ijide ogwe-aka, na iwe druru naan ba
ngidere; i nwere ike na-mmeghar na br, otu onye ga-ele anya n'ihi na ebe a
n'okpuru kenmde mgbanwe causality n'etiti mm na aru ugbu a iwe onwe ya; naegosi ozugbo, d ka mgbe ngafe nke iwe-akpata apoplexy, niile mmeghar na br
na niile ag mmekah falter n'out oge.
Ya mere, bgh nke ah b mgbe, h mma nke siri ike ile mmad anya ije imechi
on siri ike instincts na sensations, kama estidem mezuo iwu nd a ga-atle, nke Ot
d, d ka auffordernder n'oge na nzube pr iji kchap na elu mmeghar, ma
bgh mgbe niile na-eme.
Ka any otu nkwubi okwu any na-eme onwe ya, ot d z na-erugh ka nke nd
d n'ime mmeghar kwa se, d ka size nke mgbanwe, nke ha onwe ihere, ma b na
mmepta nke nke ha na-aghtahiekar, nke ume nke mmetta na aghta esi gboo namettara. Ihe niile na-aga na nkt tracks na any ebe a, b ezie na bara na akwara
spirit nwere ike na-agba s ngwa ngwa, ot ah ka any na-ebu ihe bla ma a
n'ozuzu echiche nke nd banyere ya, ma na-agbanwe ma b onye bla strut ka
ihe bu site na mpga sensory mkpali, ma b site estidem ihe, amuru, any naeche otu ugboro z n'z doro anya, nke ukwuu na ike na-eme na-egosi na eliciting
mgbanwe. br na any na-a echiche, nke b na-adkar cogent ma br na tt

ihe kr h ma nkwa, ot ah ka any ga na-at uche akara na; sensations na agile

aghta Ome onwe ya na-abgh ala ptara mmeghar nke lily n'ihi na na externally
obere mmeghar mettara na a dgas iche iche nke egwu na-akp estidem mgbanwe
na a nnukwu akwadogh akwado aka mgbanwe nd d ot n. Any maara na bla
af ofufo ekwe na-agbagkwa na akk nke osisi na mmeghari juices na-agba s
na-elegh anya bna mma, nd Chemical agafe mmeghar na-mettara. Na ihe pr
gbanwe dd nke osisi si ntughari nke mere na niile ntziaka na-adgide adgide, d
ka na r elu nke uto nke azuokokoosisi, ke nwa osisi na okooko Ome nke ihe
mkpali. Ee, ahmah na-egosi na ike nke a na-akwadogh akwado. The sap na
adahade ike site na ike ya nke o na-eme ya na-ebuli nnukwu mmiri na mercury
klm; na mgbrgw na ardata, nke nwere ikike ba ar mercury, na banye n'ime
site siri ike wa, site germinating peas, Quecken u. d ka. siri ike n'ala mgbe kagbuo
na clumps. Ugbu a, any na-ah ma ot elu na-ebili site na ike ma b obere eto eto,
ihe bgh imebi nd d nro ikpe nke Bud ma b suckers, na nke o
penetrates, crude; Ya mere, nke a ime ihe ike a na-eji n'ihu na-achp nd buds ma
b suckers, na-emepe emepe epupta na okooko osisi onwe ha.
"Onye bla maara na mgbe osisi van na-pruned ka kp-ebupta nke na osisi
n'anw, si eru mmiri, na na mgbe pruned osisi, ihe na-adgh as na-eje ozi
zlite buds. Hales chr mata na nke manye nri agbago na Kporo. mta na
nke a, na-emeghar ka elu ngwcha a asaa nke an ha ah ogologo vine ka a tube
na-agafe a mere nke ma na putty na ngwa ngwa si vine mmiri nwere ike igba na, ya
mere, chpr site n'ebo hr mmiri na-as mmiri mmiri na ala, nwere imubanye ke
tube na a akpa nnwale, na mmiri 21 kw rigoro ;. na a ab b 38 sentimita asat
akwli tube n'elu Grommet mercury si vine si ngwa ngwa mmiri. na nke a, ga-ezu na
raw nri akw gbala odudu, nrgide nke 2 1/ 2 idi atmospheres. Mgbe Hales
'ngkta oge b 5 ugboro ike kara ike nke mere na bara n'ime kw akwara obara
nke a nynya. "
"Senebier adahade megide Hales Mgbal obi ab na-dabere na eziokwu na mgbe
nri n'ezie r na ike ikuku, nke a na-ekewet ya d ka kwuru ule, b pr iche
na o nwere ike site na-adgh ike shei nke a nwa osisi -akws. ma ugbu a (ekwu
Decandolle) b o doro anya na bgh nd buds ikpe Nn na-akws ya, ma nke b
eziokwu b na eziokwu ah b na ihe na-mmepe nke hr akk na-etinyere,
ma na, ebe b na na-aspta ka osisi, a ot tt buru ibu penetrates site na
mgbrgw. (Decand. Physiol. I. 76.)
br na a na nkpuru nke keisi agwa ( Lathyrus odoratus L nwere ike asiaha.) On
a juptara na-agba s mercury cup na o nwere otu onye na-ad mfe na-enwegh at
ngwar ot Pinots iji D Gbala mee ihe nd rootlets na nkpuru b perpendicular
n'ala, penetrates na mercury otu, b ezie na nke ikpeaz b tt ar kara na
"(Journ de pharm 1829. T. XV p 490; ..... griin haus mere n'bch nd aha teepu IV
H. 4. S. 408th 409th . mkpokta Ann .. des sayens Nat 1829 ;. Revue bibliographique
129. 130.).
"Ga-hyacinths edinm ndien ke obere ite, ot na-ah eym na-akplite nke ukwu
n'elu ala, na-akwado rootlets na yiri akp megide ha. bna mgbe n'b hr nke a

peculiarity nke ibu. Na Martynezia caryotaefolia HBK na nje na-mgbe fd 2 weliri

kw n'elu ala ma na akwuru na na abutting rootlets ka on akwado. otu nwere ike
hr na Iriartea exorhiza na I.ventricosa Mart . " (Treviranus, Phys. II. 157.) Nd a
phenomena adabere na mgbrgw mgbe ha gbat na ch, irida izute ihe naegbochi, site n'z ihe akuku inyere ya aka. Onye pr h site n'ihe at nd a na d ike
nke mgbrgw ibu b zuru ezu, ihe niile growths mbuli-elu.
"Mgbe etinyere d ka a nkwado a ekwes agbat eriri, n'ihi ya, nwere creepers onye
azuokokoosisi bgh oke mkpa, na ike, na ogologo ntziaka nke eriri site na nsogbu
ha-akpa on ya site Nestle ibuso ya mgbanwe nke mere na bkwa d ka bp
gburugburu ya azuokokoosisi-eburu ntziaka nke a gburugburu akara. " (Mohl, n'elu
ifufe nke tendrils 113.)
Dassen etinye freshly bee alaka Faba vulgaris , Oxalis stricta,
Lupinus albus na Robinia viscosa mgbede na 6 elekere na mmiri, nke mere na dgh
ihe z fd n'ime ha epupta (na omume daa osisi ra chr) kpamkpam na n'az
ihu gbala na otu. "Ozugbo o yiri epupta na-akpa ike ha na-anabata nocturnal
direction. N'ihi ya, curved Ib akwkw nke mb d, ka onwe onwe ya site n'elu
mmiri, ma enwegh ike kagbu kpamkpam. Nke ab d mere ka otu ihe ije site nke
mpempe akwkw nd dara ya n'akk. epupta nke-at d apgh rr site na
mmiri, ma gosipta ebe ha na-mmas, nke mere nn ala na ha b nd fr nke nta
site n'otu z ah na mgbakwunye na nke mmiri. ikpeaz nke a umu nwere ike na
mpempe akwkw nd na-adgh akpali n'ihi nd na-eguzogide mmiri ala, ma zlitere
nzaghachi nd nkt petiole ihe na ikuku. " Site n'ihu nwere hr Dassen na onye
bla nke mpempe akwkw nke Faba vulgaris 3 Gran ike bulie ihe karr d mkpa
maka ije imechi mpempe akwkw. (Wiegm. Njiko. 1838. I. 218.)
b onwe externally mgbanwe nwetara site a osisi mgbe oge ha ruru site uto,
bgh d ka adgh mkpa ka o si d tt. A osisi na Ome ke ini ut, na-ar r na a
puku Ib akwkw n'otu oge ah, onye bla na-eto eto ngidere na n'oge
bla; Ugbu a nnukwu mgbanwe ofri anya na-eme ka ha dokwara nnukwu na-adgh
ah kwesiri ngosi n'ihi na b naan obere ihe bla mgbe. Ma buru ibu obere
mgbanwe b ma ofri fd d kprkp. Were ya na osisi niile ihe onwunwe nke
na-enweta, na ihe nile ike na-ekesa na-uto nke dum, b nan mgbe a ga-eji,
hervorzutreiben mpempe akwkw na oge; ga magazin a njikere finge z na n'ebe
nd z, na-eto eto nke ma. Nke a ga-apta na any tt ihe nd z d aka ike,
ch, akp; ma na-nan anman na d iche d na osisi ya kari mgbe a mgbe, na n'ebe
niile n'otu oge otu nnwere onwe, ike na ihe onwunwe ekesa na-n'akk niile, kama
oge bla na-eche banyere a ntp kacha mma.
Mkpr obi nke nd mmad na m anman, bna na-enwegh mgbe a na-kpaliri
z n'ebe ah site hr mpga stimuli, aku a game of aga n'ihu mgbanwe, nke na
otu, anya any n'ezie nr onwe ya, ma elegh anya iru site inferences, aghariigha
Games akk ah eme ihe, karsa na br na-egosipta. M na-echeta-eji nkenke
oge n'ihi na ee a egwuregwu na nke z ba, d ka aka nke z na-na-liveliness naetolite na ya. Ma nke a na-erugh ala obere egwuregwu na-doo-adgide adgide na
mgbanwe. The spirit ewuli onwe ya site ya na-eme ihe na z, na-ahazi mgbe niile

ezi ma garanya, ma nwere ike nyere aka, ma site n'otu oge eme ya ndu
ndabere. Any ga-N'ezie z ihe-achso uche kara nkt anya, d ka b, mgbe finer
epupta, okooko n'ime d na nzuk nke br, d ka a ime mm nzuk nd d ot
ah drava; ha na-aga n'ime ezi nke na pgh achso mikroskopu; ma br na a na
ra ha bibiri, ha bibiri na e kere eke nke wa a na ime mm epupta na okooko
osisi.
Ihe any na-ah ugbu a na-aga ebe a ime mm any na ebe n'z kas doo anya site
n'onye ah nke any onwe-nsh, nd so isiokwu a gr ebe ma n'omume ma on kas
zoro nke shutter n'ihu any nwee uche ziri ezi n'ihu ya, any na-ah nwesr na osisi na
gg isi ebe any na kas zoro ezo, site n'onye ah nke okwu nke any nsh megide
ha na-aga na nke an ah ma na ihe nd kas oghe n'ihu ya. The osisi a na-emepe
emepe na an ah imewe usoro, ka ya na ya na-aga n'ihu, af ofufo eruba nke echiche
ha nd a na njik, kpughere bch n'ihu any, na-agbasa ya n'z doro anya n'iru ayi,
epupta, okooko osisi drava na-emeghe ka n'z, nke br any na N'eziokwu nn
anedrer d zoro ezo drava n'ime. Common ala e jiktara ya na nke ikpeaz na-akw
gbala a elu n'z ime mm, na-na a z an mkpr obi usoro; ma d ka nd naaga n'ihu Fort Ganges ma b otu ihe ah. Na nke a b eziokwu d mkpa. A mkpr
obi ga-ihe na-eme. N'ihi ya, bgh na-enwegh osisi eguzogide gw mkpr obi
pastimes.
Na a z, dd kenyeworo nd doro anya na okwu ah nke mkpr obi mmeghar
n'etiti m anman na osisi alaeze, naan iche iche. The mmad na m anman
zoo n'onwe ya niile ozugbo ah ngosipta nke mkpr obi ha mmeghar, ma gosi ike,
vibrant, onye mmeghar (na aka na kw na dd ihu) foothills nke ile mmad anya,
nke ugbu a udiozi-e weere any ot ghtakwuo ihe rba ama nke ha iche echiche
r. Na osisi nd d ot ah thunderstorms, na; foothills n'ime mmeghar laa az, ma
na-emepta otu na a na-aga n'ihu nkt play n'elu tt ihe nd z nke kpmkwem
ngosipta nke mkpr obi ha nd na -Webens. Ihe d iche b, n'ezie, d ka ihe niile na
dd, naan dt. Nke a ga-na na-echez echez.
N'ezie, kr bna akwukwo nri alaeze dt ngwa ngwa na n'z ptara h
mmeghar gnyere d ka a n'ihi stimuli ime (nke na-eson ngalaba na-ekwu okwu),
n'z zuru ezu. Ma bna na-enwegh iyatest ime na fd osisi na ya n'oge fd,
mmeghar na n'dd nke af ofufo. Nke a isiokwu na-agnye fd mmeghar nke
mmekah na akk nke osisi, nke b nke any ga-ekwu okwu 11 ngalaba, d iche
iche mmeghar ke ebe nke ala na osisi, nke ga-kwuru na nke 12 na paragraf, na
ngaghar nke Hedysarum gyrans , nke njedebe nke z ole na ole ose (p.127) a gaatle.
Banyere osisi na-ehi ra.
Lee nd kas akpali na ihe d mkpa banyere okwu a. . N'ihi na ozi na s na akwkw
gg nke osisi physiology, d ka eg Treviranus II 750th; . Decandolle II 25 - akpan
akpan zuru ezu b a Dutch factory banyere site Dassen, na Ausz na Wiegm .. Njiko
1838. I. 214. 358. 159. II - .. Site cf. adbegh anya treatises Dutrochet na Comptes
rendus, 1843. 11. 989. na Fror .. N. mberede. dgh. 13 na 14 nke mb olu. - Onye
iro na Comptes rendus 1846. T. XXIII, Ee e 12. ( bgh Fror Ee e 13 nke XL

gbalaga ....) - Fritsch na Abhandl. na bhm.Gesellsch. nke Sciences, 1847. 5.

nwunye. 4. Band.
The phenomena nke a na-akp. Plants b n'ozuzu na-ehi ra na a gbanwetr
nd nke akwukwo ma b ifuru akk ma b ma site n'bch ruo n'abal.
Na onu nke nd d ot ah mmeghar na-apta h bla akpan akpan iji ma b
genus, ma b a pr iche dd nke osisi kegide, ma na-aba na ihe nd kas iche
iche na osisi, ma na ezinl fd na ihe karr nd z, n'ihu; d nke osisi na osisi
akk ma-amalite ebe a a nd d iche iche. N'ozuzu, otu onye nwere ike ikekwe
na-ekwu d ka a na-ach na akk nke osisi d ka o kwere az na-angh nke h na
nd, nke ha nwere na nwa osisi na steeti, na na nd a na-kweere z n'z ziri
ezi kpr nd na-eto na nd z siri b akwukwo; na okenye na coarser diche d
n'etiti ehihie na abal b ala, na perennial na leathery ha dap kpam kpam.
ra nke epupta.
Site ihe a kas na-egbu nd phenomena nke ebe a na osisi na compound akwkw
osisi na-aba akpan akpan si klas nke legumes na Oral echiche tupu. N'oge a n na
mgbanwe site na kwa bch du ke nocturnal direction na Anglkan, dabere na r
elu na ganihu nke anyanw na-adkar ukwuu chkwara d ka oghere na mmechi nke
okooko osisi. Ebe a, Ot d, otu onye ga-chefuo na osisi na e converted site na nd
z climates na nke any, etinyewe n'ozuzu, n'oge na-emeghe ha epupta na nso ihe
ha na-eji na-eme nke a ha nwere n mba. Ya mere, any na-ah na any greenhouses
mgbede 6 elekere na n'etiti okpomk, fd osisi ha epupta na-emechi, b ezie
na abughi h ma b okpomk na-gbanwere mgbe ah, mgbe ke usenubk ha na
mb oge na-emeghe bna n'oge oyi otu ugboro, b ezie na b ka kpamkpam
chchr. Any h mba n'anya na osisi ahh adabere na anyanw. D nn
kpgidere mgbanwe na ntziaka nke Ib akwkw na ah ike nke osisi n, na
karsa na music onwe ya; na ike a osisi b, ka achkwa ma na-erugh dabere na
mpga mmetta ewere nd kwa mmeghar. Mgbe mgbs akwkw doo ochie, ot
gbanwe mmeghar,-an nn on, ma b adkwa aka na mb. Akpan akpan nke a
na-emetta osisi na-n na n'oge oyi na l ebe ah epupta na-emekar na-enwegh
ma b na o siri ike kwesiri ngosi diche d n'etiti ehihie na abal. Young epupta
nwere tupu ha zuru ezu development ofri direction na ha na-anabata nan ha n'abal
mgbe e mesr. Ke akpa oge mgbe ha na mmepe, ha na-egosi di iche iche nke ije na
n'tt kasn, ma site rapidity nke ije d ka site ukwuu izu ok na-egbu.
Na nd nke epupta n'oge na-ehi ra na-emet, ot ehi ra mfe music ma ka
gbat rearward-eru nso si kehoraizin nd, d ka nd kas eke, n d, ma b (z
adkargh) azuokokoosisi, nke n'uz ma na d iche iche osisi na d nn iche kwa
eme. Ihe mb pr chta ka ukwuu mgbe Olee Abutilon , horteusis Oenothera
mollissima, Atriplex, Alsine media na tt asclepiadeans , n'z d nta kar
na Mandragora officinalis, Datura stramonium, Solanum melongena,
Amaranthus tricolor, Celosia cristata u, a. - Achta nke ikpeaz na- na hibiscus
sabdariffa, Achyranthes aspera, Impatiens noli tangere , a Triumfetta na a ole na ole
nd z. - Of ah osisi na compound doo fd na-ehi ra nke mere na epupta si
n'akk d n'ime isi petiole n'ogige atr elu ( Lathyrus odoratus, Colutea

arborescens, Hedysarum coronarium, Vicia faba ) ma b ala na n'ogige atr ala,

nke mere na ma na n'elu aka ( Phaseolus kara erectus, Robinia pseudacacia,
Abrus precatorius ) ma b N'ala (niile Kassien). N'ikpeaz, mpempe akwkw nd
nwere ike d ka ogologo nke isi petiole tile ekara superimpose na nke a mere z, maat, nke mere na n'elu nke n'az lamina Lower n'ihu na-ezugh ezu kpuchie ( lndica
Tamarindus , Gleditschia triacanthos , tt mimosa), ma b backward, nke mere
na nd mpempe akwkw az gbagr agbag megide na isi nke petiole na onye
bla n'ihu na-eru nso na n'elu nke n'az ( Tephrosia caribaea ).
D ka mejuptara nke epupta na-compound mmeghar nwere ike ime. Ya mere, na
pinnate epupta, na mpempe akwkw na ihe ndighi petiole, na ab-feathered
epupta bna pr iche petioles akpali karsa. Ot d, nan ole na ole ihe at nke
Ib akwkw na-mara nwere ihe karr otu akp akp akk.
Ngaghar nke epupta na mpempe akwkw nke tt (ezie na l niile) osisi,
karsa nd na compound epupta, rr pr iche k nke a obere k (akwukwo ohiri
isi, pulvinus ), b nke d n'ala ala nke ga ma b okporo. The akpali nn mmas
nke na-apta nwere na-apta Dutrochet si na Dassen si banyere usoro nke a pr isi
kwuo ya, Ot d, ahwo site na nnwale site Meyen na Miquel enwegh ezi
nkwenye. (Wiegm. Njiko. 1839. II. 88. Meyen, Physiol. III. 538). Dassen kwere ka
mata (Wiegm. Njiko. 1838,1. 223. 325), na ngaghar nke mgbanwe ke juices na-agba
s na guzobe carbon dioxide n nghta.
Mmiri ebuga n'ozuzu nocturnal direction (Dassen). Banyere mmetta nke h na
okpomk mgbanwe pta na e nwetara na d na d, osisi ike na oge nke ikpughe ma
b ndr ego na dd nke osisi. tt mgbe, nd na-akp akp puptara adgh ka
ihe anabata nkt k nke h ra ala; ma ihe mere na fd. (Nlele banyere s. Na
Wiegm. Njiko. 1888. I. 225.) nd ikpe na-enwu gbaa h anyanw Mechie epupta
mere (na Robinia na Mimosa pudica site Sigwart, Reil si Njiko. XII. 33., na Oxalis na Lotus umu site Dassen, Wiegm Njiko 1838. II 216.), nke a na-akp fd ura ....
The epupta nke fd osisi nd ka na karsa mwute ka fd nd ihu igwe, nke
mere na ha kwukwara na ihu igwe egosi (s. N'okpuru ebe osisi barometer). Si uche
nke fd epupta megide n'ibu na nd z na stimuli, nd na-eson ngalaba b.
Ihi ra okooko osisi.
Otu oge ufodu okooko osisi, karsa Scitamineae , orchids, Labiatae, Personaten,
Papilionazeen dgh mgbam nke na-ehi ra na ma otu.
Na fd okooko osisi na sofa-egosipta naan eziokwu na ha, mgbe a kplitesr
n'bch, laghachi n'abal ka mmiri ma b bna na wa na oghere. ( Euphorbia
platyphyllos, Geranium striatum, ageratum conyzoides, Ranunculus polyanthemos,
Draba verna, Verbascum blattaria, Achyranthes lappacea, Thlaspi Bursa pastoris,
Alyssum montanum, Monarda punctata, Heracleum absinthifolium , karsa
mkpar Tussilago farfara .) Nke a sink-adgh nke dabeere ntrnd ugbu a; n'ihi
mgbal kplite nd drooping ga, ya ngwa ngwa az z, d ka ma br na ha na-a
tensioned ala. - tt mgbe okooko osisi na-ehi ra, si ot ah gosi na-emeghe na
okooko osisi na bch na-emechi ma b jikr n n'abal; -erukwa fd okooko

osisi ebe nchepta nke ifuru stalk na mmechi nke okooko osisi na njik emee (d
ka Nymphaea Alba na Tussilago farfara ). Ray okooko osisi na-ehi ra nke mere na
okporo osisi az ma na ifuru ga-eru nso (nkt camomile, chamomile, n'etiti nd z
d nke Anthemis na Matricaria ), ma b na n'n nke okporo osisi na elu n'ime
mpakta (Gorteria pavonia ). fd osisi na-e, ebe mmechi ma b n'ogige atr
nd petals nd n'abal kama agbara-ewe ke-egbuke egbuke anw, na z na
mgbede ngide na-ad (d nkeMirabilis , nke Silene na Cucubalus , karsa nnukwu
okooko osisi nke ikpeaz ab). The rarest omume b na dum ihu corolla b
mgbak, d ka ma br na na-akpnwu, nke na mgbe na-ah nd d ot ah a
ifuru na aza ala, kwesr na-ya maka otu ( Commelina coelestis, Mirabilis
jalappa na longiflora , Oenothera tetraptera nd z).
fd okooko osisi na-egosi n'z d ha oghere na mmechi, karsa ikuku, mmetta
budata na dabere na hr dgh kpamkpam ofu oge na a mmeghar. Linnaeus, b onye
ji nlezianya m ihe osisi na-ehi ra, kpr meteoric (s. N'okpuru ebe kuworo
barometer). Andre-emeghe-ututu, nso n mgbede; ma oge nke ya leavening na
mmechi dgas na waks na-ebelata nke bch. D ot ah, kpr ebe
okpomk. Ma, nd z akpatre emeghe ma mgbe nso fd immutable ugboro. Nke
a na-akp quinoktialblumen me ka ha d ruo na o nwere ohere ikiri ha onwe ya,
na a table, na nke o (ya Nwere Ifuru elekere florae Horologium ) guzosie ike (s.
N'okpuru ebe). Atnyere ya na ya guzosiri ike, ka Upsala kwuru nd na-Decandolle
goro na a n gg nke osisi d nso na Paris, onye na-ah na Aquinoktial osisi z.
B. nudicaule Papaver, Nymphaea Alba, Mesembryanthemum barbatum, Anagallis
arvensis na Paris otu hour d ka Upsala ha okooko osisi meghere. N'otu aka ah R.
Pulteney hu ha ka ha enen ka fd deviations na ugboro Linnaean kwuru na
England. bna a hothouse, ebe mgbe otu lar na-ngidere na-enwe site na
okpomk, na bna mgbe shutters na-emechi, na-emeghe ma na-emechi quinoktialblumen na nkt oge.
Ifuru Elekere.
N'ihi na mma nke na-eru elu a ifuru elekere mewo ka nke aro na nke a na osisi
ndokwa on a Kreisbeet, mgbe oge oghere na N'gbgba gb nke okooko osisi naak mkpr (na-uz n'akuku Ugwu). Ebe a ozi nd d mkpa (Reichenbach); ijide
n'aka, bgh nd awa ga na-ruo n'k br na dabara.
I. osisi onye okooko osisi na-emeghe-ututu: Site 3-5 pm Tragopogon pratense L.
- Site 4-5 pm Thrincia tuberosa DC (Leontod tub L ...); Helminthia echioides
Gaertn. (Picris echioides L.); Cichorium intybus L.; Hemerocallis fulva L.; Crepis
tectorum L. - Site 4-6 pm Picridium tingitanum kp or o ihe. (Scorz tingit L ...) - Site
5-6 pm Sonchus oleraceus L.;Leontodon taraxacum L.; Barkhausia alpina
Mnch. (Crepis alpina L.); Tragopogon crocifolium L.; Rhagodiolus edulis
Gaertn. (Lapsana rhagod Scop ..); Convolvulus sepium L. -Mgbe 6:00 Hieracium
sabaudum L.; Hierac. umbellatum L. - Site 6-7 pm Hierac. murorum L.; Barkhausia
rubra (Crepis rubra s Hostia Mnch ..); Sonchus arvensis L.; Sonchus palustris L.
- Site 6-8 pm Alyssum sinuatum L.; Leontodon autumnaiis L. - Mgbe 7:00 Lactuca
sativa L.; Nymphaea Alba L.; Anthericum ramosum L. - Site 7-8 pm Geracium

praemorsum Schrbr. (Hierac praem L ...); Sonchus alpinus L.; Hypochaeris maculata
L.; Hedypnois rhagodioloides W. (Hyoseris hedypn L ..); Mesembryanthemum
barbatum L. -Mgbe 8:00 Hieracium piloaella L.; Anagallis arvensis L.; Dianthus
prolifer L.; Hypochaeris glabra L. - Site 9-10 pm Calendula arvensis L.; Portulaca
oleracea L. (Mgbe z 11am.) Site 9-12 pm Drosera rotundifolia L. - Mgbe 10
pm Alsine rubra Whlnb. (Arenaria rubra L.); Mesembr. crystall. L. - Site 10-11
pm Mesembr. linguiforme L.; Papaver nudicaule L.(Mgbe z 4-5
awa); Hemerocallis flava L.; Hemerocallis fulva L. - Mgbe 11:00 Ornithogalum
umbellatum L.; Calendula chrysanthemifolia Vnt. - Site 11-12 pm Tigridia pavonia
kp or o ihe. (Ferraria tigr.).
. II osisi onye okooko osisi na-emeghe na mgbede: Mgbe 5 elekere Mirabilis
Jalapa L.; Pelargonium triste Ait, - Site 6-7 pm Cereus grandiflorus Mill -. Site 7-8
pm Mesembr.noctiflorum L. (Mgbe z 10-11.)
III. Osisi nke okooko osisi na-emechi tt: Na 8am Leontodon taraxacum L.
- Mgbe 10am Picridium tingitanum L.; Lactuca sativa L. - Site 10-12 pm Cichorium
intybus L.;Sonchus arvensis L. - Mgbe 11 pm Tragopogon crocifolium L. - Site 1112 pm Sonchus oleraceus L. - Mgbe 12 pm Sonchus alpmus L.
. IV osisi onye okooko ehihie na mgbede na-agnye: Site 1-2
pm Hierac. umbellat. L.; Barkhausia rubra Dec. - Mgbe 2:00 Helminthia echioides
L.; Hierac. murorum L.;Hypochaeris maculata L.; Geracium praemorsum
Schrbr. - Site 2-3 pm Alsine rubra Whlnb. - Mgbe 3:00 Thrincia tuberosa
DC; Anagallis arvens. L.; Calendula arvens. L.; Calend.chrysanthemifolia ebe o si
ekup. - Site 3-4 pm Anthericum ramosum L. - Mgbe 4 pm Alyssum sinuatum
L.; Nymphaea Alba L. - Mgbe 5 pm Hieracium sabaudum L, - mgbe 7 pmLeontodon
autumnalis L. - Site 7-8 pm Papaver nudicaule L. - Na 12 elekere (n'etiti abal) .
Cereus grandiflorus Mill (Reichenbach, osisi Watch Leipzig. , Voigt na Fernau 1846.)
Kuworo barometer.
Rain na-at anya mgbe hibiscus trionum L . adgh emepe; mgbe iko ola
nke Carlina acaulis L . na-emechi; ma br na Porliera hygrometrica L ., Oxalis
acetosella L . na n'ogige atr tt nd z d nke a genus, ha (tt nd
mejuptara) doo; klova elu aligns azuokokoosisi; Lapsana communis L . okooko osisi
n'abal ah anagh emechi, Draba verna L .,Ranunculus polyanthemos L . epupta
hulatara; Anastatica hierochuntica L . alaka-agbasa; Ranunculus repens L . Caltha
palustris L . epupta akpali na n; na-esi isi nke birches ike;na Konferven kr na
akwkw nd akwkw nd akpkp; na nd mr am, dkta na linen okooko osisi
nke Asperula odorata L -enye a siri ike isi nke onwe ya ;. Galium verum L.inflates
nakwa nwere ike isi; na ga nke capsules nke Funaria hygrometrica Schreb nke,
mgbe b ala kpr nk nke, na az na-emer hergebogen, zlite ma gbatia (karsa
mgbe capsules na-atgbr chakoo). - Stellaria media . Dill b iji na doro anya
weather ke usenubk gburugburu 9am okooko na ikuku, epupta n'af na-angide ruo
mgbe ihe n'etiti-ehihie am anya; na-eru nso udu mmiri ma nke a anagh eme
eme; osisi ah na-ekokwas ala na okooko osisi angide na-emechi. - Calendula
pluvialis emepe n'etiti 6 na elekere 7 nke tt ma na-eche banyere na-emekar ruo

mgbe 4 oge hour nke-na-na-am anya. br na nke a, a ga-eme ka a na-agbanwe

agbanwe ihu igwe, kama na-ehi ra mgbe 7am ka na-aga n'ihu, na-at anya ka
mmiri ma b tupu n'uhuruchi. fd d nke genus Sonchus -egosi na-esote bch
nke doro anya na ihu igwe, mgbe ifuru isi closes n'abal, mmiri ozuzo, br na naangide na-emeghe. - Pimpinella saxifraga L. na-akpa gw na nke a d ka Stellaria
media Dill. - Anemone ranunculoides L ga-emepe ya okooko osisi na udu
mmiri ;. Anemone nemorosa L. eme urukpuru weather okooko nodding ke doro anya
ihu igwe ziri ezi - Biptara agba nke k Ellern kara na mb, n'ihi ya, oyi na-at na
ntu oyi kwesr t ya egwu; -ah na b darker, ot abatakwa thawing
ifufe. (Reichenbach, osisi Watch, p.12) Mgbe Robinia pseudacacia , fd Lupinus
umu, Mimosa dealbata na Caesalpinia pulcherrima onye a ahwo mmechi nke
okooko osisi na a ok ifufe. (Dassen.)
Mmeghar nke Hedysarum gyrans .
The Hedysarum gyrans ( Desmodium gyrans ) onye mmeghar m tumadi n'okpuru
Treviranus Physiol. . II 765. akwa, b obere shrub na gedreiten epupta; n
mpempe akwkw na-stalked na oval, ma n'akk nke z doo n'usoro ma b ube
ekara, fr nke nta sessile na tt ugboro erugh n mpempe akwkw. Naan a na
peeji nke mpempe akwkw nd na-egosi a d rba ngaghar, mgbe n mpempe
akwkw nan na-egosi na nd nkt mmeghar nke a na-akp na-ehi ra na m. naegosipta na ije mpta mpempe akwkw na ihe fr nke nta na-aga n'ihu nwet
ebili na shde otu, na ihe nd z na; vonstatten, nke ukwuu ikuku okpomk na
ike osisi; N'ihi ya, a etre na a nke ukwu j weather; ma druru z na nd, d ka h,
ehihie na abal, bna hothouse oyi na-aga n'ihu. br na wukwasi mmiri oyi na
alaka nke osisi, nke mere na ije-akws ozugbo, ma ike-ab site na mmiri k vapors
ozugbo weghachi. The osisi ga-ekwu okwu ya kpnwr akpnw mgbe gr ma e
wezga na-ekpo k n'l nke nkt okpomk. Ibute a osisi 2 ma b 3 awa na
chchr, n'ihi (d ka Humboldt) ihe osooso nke ije mgbe ha na-ekemende re-oghe
h. br n mpempe akwkw akpali ifufe, ot nt ngaghar nke mpta
epupta. Mechanical stimuli, EDM, magnetik, obodo mm, nd brushing nke
mpempe akwkw mman, nd ligation na nw nke stalk na-enwegh mmetta n'ebe
nd ije. Kas b Broussonnet oge nke Fertilization. The nweta nkwalite nke mpempe
akwkw nd na-aga iji nway kara nrida oge; Ma n'ozuzu ije abgh edo, ma naeme mgbe fd ka ihe na-esote ka accelerated site a ujo, n'ihi na a ole na ole oge ka
ukwuu on. tt nd na-ma br na a na-etiku a mpempe akwkw, mbelata naemegide emegide, ma nke a abgh ekwecha na nke ukwuu mgbe bgh a njik
n'etiti ab mmeghar, ka nd fdr nwere ike a mpempe akwkw, ka nd z
njem. The ije b na bgh ike n'ezi ihe nke osisi; n'ihi na bna ma br na isi
petiole abgelset osisi, bna ma br na epupta nke elu akk na-ebip, naadru nwa oge, ma any na-obi na a mpempe akwkw ka na-akp akp mgbe naofu site na ya handle na n'n nke a agga.(Mirbel.) The n'ezie ngw r nke ije idu
ke zza nke stalks, nke mere na mpta mpempe akwkw obibi na isi ga.
The Hedysarum gyrans yiri z ghara iguzo naan na-akwanyere nd a
mmeghar. Mirbel hr na mgbe epupta nke Hedysarum vespertilionis , kama s na
, d na mb, iso nke at leaflets, nke b bgh mgbe niile obere ka d, ab

n'akk mpempe akwkw nd yiri ije, ma infinitely ike gwgw ka

nke Hed. gyrans nwere; Ot d Hedysarum cuspidatum W .na H. laevigatum
Nutt . na H . gyroides yiri ka eme ihe d ka.
E wezga nd af ofufo, nr onwe ha p n mmetta nke h, mmeghar
aba Hedy. gyrans nwekwara p n mmetta nke h na-agbado mezuo iwu, ma nke
adgh emetta mpta leaflets, ma isi ga na isi UM UBARA na aga naemettachagh. Nke a ije b na z ziri ezi na h na na a na-emikpu ala na
chchr. na-eme na nkwonkwo, adru mpempe akwkw na jik na
azuokokoosisi, nke a na alaka. Uche nke osisi na-na h nn ukwuu nke na mgbe
Hufeland kwuru ama na echiche nke anyanw si a banyere 20 nzkw p mgbidi a
siri ike erection, d ka nd nketa nke h anyanw site na otu opaque ahu na a agafe
tupu Sun gw ojii na-a-emikpu ala epupta mere. Na zuru anw etiti ehihie na itinye
site etokwa iko h anyanw Hufeland chptara a tremulous ngaghar nke isi UM
UBARA na dum osisi. (zkwa Dassen-ekwu, a maara ya bla osisi onye epupta
mere ngwa ngwa atghar h d ka Hed gyrans. Ma gyroides .) The moonlight, am
k, chemical na n'ibu stimuli adgh emetta a ije; ma elegh anya mere ka electric
Edemede a shde nke epupta.

IX. marcha mmeghar nke osisi.

Man emet a stamen nke Berberis Blossom (barberry, Berberis vulg L. ya n'akk
chere ihu n'ebe nku ahu oji n'aka ala na agga ma b nd yiri ha.); Ozugbo ah, b
hr n'n megide a ngwa ngwa ije megide nku ahu oji n'aka ime, na nloghachi nke
onwe ya na-akpa na nd mgbe oge fd.
Ha iwe nd ibe gaping lobes nke ihere (nke njedebe nke nku ahu oji n'aka)
a Martynia annua ma b Bignonia radicans ma b fd d nke GRATIOLA ma
b Mimulus (z. B.glutinosus , aurantiacus, guttatus ) ke n'ime akk na agga, a
mmiri, ma b ka ada a ntap mmiri n'elu ya; ot ngwa ngwa enyekwara n'apa naemepe mgbe oge fd site n'onwe ya.
Man ibit oyi akwa kpr si coalescence nke pistil na stamens nke eke n'ala curved
Genitaliensule nke Stylidium graminifolium , adnatum ma b corymbosum. Mgbe
nwetr aka ya na-erukwa na ala akk nke curvature ogologo na ngwa ngwa ji na
elu elu fr nke nta ka n n'akk nke z, nke ji nway nway naalaghachikwuru mb ya n'kw.
na-emet na feathery akwukwo nke a chr nlezianya osisi ( Mimosa pudica ) na
thickened azuokokoosisi gwgw, ma b ga-ikwanye mpempe akwkw (ma b
dum osisi); lays ya epupta n ozugbo ma gwa nwanne ya backward megide
azuokokoosisi, (A chr nlezianya mmetta s s osisi wetara bna na vibration
nke uwa site na a na-agafe nynya na-agba doo d ka j, n.) Nke nta nke nta
itughari na-eke nd site n'onwe ya az.
E nwere ihe at nd d ka (nke e mesr); n'ihi na ugbu a ezuola a.
nye pr were nan ike ike myirta na m anman, mkpr obi nke osisi, n'ihi

na nd a, na m anman ot yiri, agbakas mmeghar mgbe niile na-egosi site

besonderm ibu ibu.bna nd kas elu elu ntnyere ha nwere ike na-at aro
sensashion. Were. Any n'akk ar nke a ntnyere ka ihe ga-enwe ihe n'ozuzu
echiche maka any, laa az na-enye nd na-emegide ha pr gosi na ya obere ma b
ihe bla Ka any ma, mgbe na-achgh ihe bla mkpr obi na-na osisi, tinye
iche iche nke n'ibu dd nke nkwa nd a mmeghar, ka emekwa ka mma na analg
aa na m anman, ma b ha na-eme n'okpuru a ka i nwr anw vitality, na ya
onwe ya b naan a nwr anw okwu. z ihe, nd d ot ah a ihe mkpali Nkea
gafee naan wezga na osisi-eze; na mkpr obi kwesr b abgh nan isneke a
n'gb any. Ma otu onye ga-nan n'otu n'otu ihe mere eji osisi mkpr obi, ghta
njik d; na mgbe z n'ozuzu echiche d ot ah nwere ike ka na-egosi, mgbe ah,
nwere ike ji mee kwa se obere demonstrative nkwa dara da support. Ya mere, m
na-ekwu, na-akpa gw nd na mkpali mmeghar nke osisi.
Mgbe Gauls, oge ochie kws hr aha na-eji nway n d n'ebe oche mgbe ha
na mbuso agha nke Rome (. Liv V. 41.), ha di n'anya otu nakwa ka any ghara b
nd, e; ot j, ha ndr; ka a na Papirius tugged na aj agba, d ka aro site a
akwkw ozi ya. fn obi ab adgh ihe Gauls. Ya mere, si licet magnis
componere parva , b na osisi. kr ihu ma bla na-ah ok mkpa mara na nd
ah na-aga aga, d nn ndr-eme ka any na-enyo enyo. Ma br na any ghr
onye ma b ihe gbgba, na kicks ap na mberede, n'ihi ya, any kwesr ido anya
nke ma kpamkpam.
bgh na-at aro bla site ugbu a ot ah ka any ga-echeta na, bna mgbe naeme, d ihe z fundamentally ka any nwere ike chr. Ke ofri ofri, nd osisi naz ghara onwem mara kr ha ot obi na-egbu mmeghar; ha ha nt d nd na
adgh emet ha n'ah stimuli na were d j z site na z ha melite ha ibu, ha na
agba, ha ihe onwunwe d mgbe ihe nd any na-amatakwu tt ihe at nd na gaachpta ihe nd z. Ma dd nwere atumatu nke ihe ha chr zuerteilen m
anman na osisi alaeze, na-gafere z mgbe tt n'ihe banyere nile na-iche na isi,
na-amagh na-adgh njikere see aka ike k, nke nke any na mgbe e mesr (XII) gaewetara tt ihe at; na any na-ah nke a n'z b isi d nn a akwkw z na
ot ah, d ka osisi mgbe fd na-akpa gw kwupta sensashion stimuli. Na
mberede, a mmeghar-enye a d nn mma nkwenye nke mb kwuru na osisi mkpa
nwere abgh akwara tt, gnyere m anman na ya kwes ir. N'ihi na n'ezie, nd
irighiri akwara nd d ok mkpa na d mkpa na niile mkpali anman mmeghar ke
egwuregwu. Mkpa ma osisi nke akwara ghara r ngaghar, n'ihi ya, ga-ach otu
ihe ah mkpali sensashion. - Ya mere, nd a mmeghar b any n'tt z nke d
mkpa.
N'ezie, na-ekwu na eziokwu na nd a mmeghar enwegh akwara, d ka aga naenwegh uru ah, nri iji gosi nn mma na ha mere ma br na nke a, bna nd
nwere na-kr isi nr on sensashion nke ihe mkpali mmeghar nke m anman nke
d nn iche dd, onye , Na-emekwa ha ab b nd d nn iche n'ihe banyere z
nd ha na-guzosie ike. Ma ikwughar, m z m ihe m ama kwuru, na-ekwu banyere
ajj nke irighiri akwara na dd hr n'anya n'anya iji nweta analogous nzube ebe d
iche iche ga-eru? br na ma bna ihe mkpali ije nke polyps-enwegh detectable

n'ebe nile uru ah na akwara; e ma ihe d na ha, b ma ihe etbe ar r na elu m

anman na ihe mkpali ije, nn iche (lee fig. Siebold, mkpokta. Anat.
I.31). Ikpeaz irighiri akwara na uru ah ka na-kpr naan site na mkpr nd d ka
entities na-aka na ogwe osisi na mb. Ya mere ot d iche iche na-adgh bna n'aka.
Gn kwesr b ihe d mkpa kara comparability nke ego b na akwukwo nri
mkpali mmeghar na agbanyegh na-egosi nd d mkpa d mkpa e ji mara
anman. mgbe ah na-emetta mgbe nile ntnyere, na ihe z ga-eme ebe a, d ka
nwere j na-adgh e jiktara ya na m anman mkpali mmeghar, bna n'ihi na
ot analg osisi mitbeweisen. Ka any tlee nke a nkwekrta now nso.
1) A pr iche peculiarity nke anman ogwe b na na-agwa okwu stimuli nke
iche iche iche iche ihe yiri nke ah. A igwe-akp akp bna mgbe na-akris, ma
bgh mgbe na-enwu enwu, dabbed na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid, kwukwara ya ihe
electric ujo; aka twitches onye so anman banyere n'otu z ah, nke na-amas
einwirke kwa ya; na optic akwara obi na-ad ka h, d ka ezigbo h r kwupta ma
b a igbu ka a mere na anya. Ya mere, b na Pflanzenreizbarkeit. A mwute osisi
b n'ihi n'ibu vibrations, combustion ptara k, chemical stimuli dgas iche iche,
electric ole na ole, na mberede ohere zuru h anyanw mgbe zuvorigem an na
onyinyo, ngwa ngwa mgbanwe ma na-okpomk kara oyi na-at, na mberede ekwe
ka free ikuku mgbe ruo ogologo oge mmechi mere ka otu mmeghar, naan na nd d
ot ah dda d na ume nke ihe mkpali na uche nke osisi z ma b na-erugh, na
nd z ma b obere gbata anya. N'otu aka ah nd z na agbakas osisi (s.
N'okpuru ebe).
2) A siri ike egwuregwu na mode nke edinam na ike nke otu stimuli ga-n'etiti osisi
na m anman gagh at anya, d ka na-ama ekem ke m anman bna iche na
nke a. Ma ihe at nke bara uru ele mmad anya n'ihu nnabata na-adgh kr. Na nke
a emekrta mkpa karsa ka galvanism, nke a mere peculiar nd ihe mkpali maka
m anman, k d ot ah b ike igwu egwu (bna n'ihe banyere nd
differentiated mmetta nke ma ogwe osisi) na-na agbakas osisi, nakwa na d ok nj
eletriki ujo ma ikpe na ogwe bibie.
The iyatest nke osisi site galvanism n'ezie ghta site na nd ogbenye conductivity
nke osisi; Ya mere na mfe gw nweta ihe bla; na bna n'ihe banyere ogidi
mmetta emegide nke hr; ma Wet gosiri (Gilberts Ann XLI 392nd.), d ka agbal
Berberis-aga nke ma n'enwegh nakwa ka mwepu niile n'ibu mkpali, d ka nke a:
na-enye a Berberisblume site na otu etiyere ya rapara agga ha mma osisi nke a klm
nke banyere 40 na ab na njik ma b na-enye g kwuo na a iko mmiri, nke naekokwas ala waya si nti okporo osisi nke ikpo, na mgbe ah pushes na petal nke
iyatest-gr stamen a bit keguru mmiri babru emi, ma br na onye naan bla
ujo na s-ezere ihe niile na-angide nn j. Mgbe ah na-etinye on a akwkw
iberibe nri nd waya nke na-adgh mma osisi jizi nway. Njikere ugbu a jumps
kwekr ekwek stamen ka pistil n'elu, mgbe mgbe na-agbata obi filaments n'out oge
ma b na-eson ole na ole oge. The kpmkwem h aka nke elu njedebe nke ifuru
mpempe akwkw ya na-adgh mma Poldrahte (n'okpuru njedebe nke yinye)enwegh intermediary nke akwkw nwere otu ihe ga nke ma agbakas

stamens; obere mgbe nile b ihe ga nke ma, ma br na elu nke ifuru akwkw
ah metr ozugbo. bna iwebata ifuru site n'apa na azuokokoosisi ihe olu ah naabkar adgh am mkpr b. A agbara ngwa nke okporo osisi, ebe ya b na-adgh
mma utp ke azuokokoosisi, na nti ka petal b obere ir; nyere mgbe ah, mgbe
fd, mgbe mmechi nke yinye Switched okooko osisi na e wakpoo site ule ma b
site ruo ogologo oge eguzo nke ga na mmiri ije, ma b a ugboro ole na ole ada, ma
na-ad na-elegh anya naan a ole na ole oge mgbe mmechi. Nke a kwekr info nd
ah na-an Muskelreizbarkeit, nakwa d ka na mb ogwe aka frog kw twitching
vivid na-adgide adgide, br na-adgh mma metal na-akp akp akk, mma
kntakt akwara. A ije na nkewa nke yinye nwekwara ike analogous ka kw aw,
bgh d na-eme. B Berberisblume freshly mende, dgh ihe z bgh nsogbu
ugboro ugboro mmalite, ot ah ka electrically kpaliri stamens mkpa naan 2 to
2 1 / 2 min., Iwepu onwe ya si nku ahu oji n'aka ugboro ugboro na-agbakas.
The mbibi nke osisi ogwe site ok nj eletriki ujo Humboldt nwere stamens nke
Berberis hr (AV. Ug M. u. N. II. 195.), na mmiri a yiri mmanya na-egbu na mmiri
na otu ogwe aghta ka nd na- frog kw. The emem nke narcotic ns ga fd nwere
(eg site Miquel na Dassen na Mimosa .. Na Fror bgh 1839. May 207 ;. Wiegm
Njiko 1838. II 358; ... Of ubiMimulus etc ..) maka mkpebi jide, ma mgbal nke
Gppert (... na Pogg Ann XIV) yiri ka h kwuru ihe n'elegh megide ya; b ezie na
o nwere a obere mmetta Mimosa kwukwara.N'ezie mgbe mgbal Marcet, dinta,
Gppert, Dassen na osisi na-gburu cyanide, arsenic, mercury, camphor, wdg (eji na
mkpebi ma b vepo d on verschiedentliche z). (Tlee Treviranus, Physiol II
724; ... Bouchardat si nwere akpan akpan, ebe nd z ok harmfulness niile mercury
ogige e gosiri bna nd kas nta ego s na Comptes rendus, 1843. 11 p 112 ....)
3) Otu iwe anman akk na-alaghachikwuru na omission nke mkpali nke nta nke
nta site na ya mb ya ala az, ma iji nway kara iyatest emee. Ya mere, na-ekwubi
ka oporo iwe ha shells ngwa ngwa, ma ga-emepe o ji nway nway; akwkw nd
akwkw nd polyp ewezga iwe s s, ma gbatr naan-eji nway nway. Otu
pr chta, na ezi mgbe nile, na ihe nile agbakas mmeghar nke osisi. The ngwa
ngwa na-akp akp akk laghachi site n'onwe ya, ma tt ihe nd z ji nway
nway na, na ya mb na nd az mgbe ah ganihu mere.
4) na m anman, na ogwe site z ma b persistent iyatest dulled ma b,
ike agw, mere site udo z ka anya d ka iyatest ka e tinyewo nnu na ose. N'otu aka
ah, na ihe niile agbakas osisi. bna phenomena nke Habituation ka stimuli ka
na Mimosa gnyere nd z hr.
A Berberisstaubfaden b naan banyere 5 ruo 8 nkeji, nd mmekah klm
nke Stylidium 12 na 15 nkeji mgbe iyatest n'isi agbakas; ugboro ugboro iyatest ma
ogwe ike agw.bna na a chr nlezianya osisi, na mmeghar b iji nway na nd
z na-ezugh ezu, z mgbe anchie ka nd na-ahap otu anam.
Gn ka a pr kwa d ka a Habituation, h ya anya nd d ka nd: Desfontaines
hr na a chr nlezianya osisi, nke na-eji mgbe n'ime gb ala na ha hburu
emechi site vibration, ma n'ikpeaz, ngidere n'agbanyegh na aka iso ije nke kw

gbala, na-emeghe; d ka ma br na na-agba nkt. Mgbe gbala n na-ruo oge

fd, ma ugbu a gaa n'ihu z, epupta emechi z wee meghee n'oge na-agba s
z. Dassen ugboro ugboro ihe a site n'izite a chr nlezianya osisi 3 / 4 me ogologo
awa a mkpat ngaghar, Ib akwkw sonyeere, ma mgbe 1 / 2 hour,
kpliteghachiri. Mgbe mmezu nke nnwale, Akwkw maka ezi hour edere duu. All
nke a na mberede onye bla malitere Lower epupta onwe ya, ma mgbe o wee
gbata z, nke ogwe ah na ha z. Na Dionaea muscipula na omume a adgh egosi
na, ebe b na lobes gagh emeghe ka anya d ka weghaara m ahh na-angide
n'etiti. Morren hr na agbakas pen nke Goldfussia anisophylla na br na otu (25
R.) na a j l me ka osisi si na-ekpo k hothouse (+ 2 Celsius na 10 Celsius F.),
ogologo tent yiri ogwe okrede, mgbe 12 48 awa, ot d, osisi b ot eji na j
nn na now kenmde otu ogwe d ka okpomk.
5) The ogo ogwe nke m anman b nke steeti ah ike-ya nile si, nke mere na
d iche n fd j ra) na otu Lebenskrftigkeit-abawanye (na obere af, okike
mmekah, oge, ihu igwe, n'etiti nd z nwere mpga nd nke ukwuu
emetta. Na z d ka agbakas osisi.
Hegel (eke nk ihe mma p 480) na-ekwu ihe mkpali mmeghar nke osisi enwegh
na-egosi mmetta: "The externality n'ime ihe nd mere ogwe ma gosi karsa nd
kwuru nke Medicus na tt osisi nke colder climates nke ehihie na-ekpo k akr
weather bgh Ot d, tt mgbe ok igirigi ma ofri usen nd d ok mgbakas
mgbe jiri nway na mmiri zoro; na osisi nke k climates gosi na ha ogwe naanacha ann ann; na ndi nile na osisi na-kacha mgbakas mgbe ka mkpr j d
nn ripens na pistil na a onwunwu mman kpuchie. " - M na-aghta ugbu a ghara
ma ot lr akpr ebe a chta armka megide ihe d mkpa akuku maka ihe
mkpali mmeghar mmetta ma b sensashion; n'ihi na ihe niile akwukwo nri ogwe
naan, n'ezie mettara na adgh emet ha n'ah, ogwe nke m anman (karsa nke
ala) b analogous. z. B. Ka any na-echeta ihe d iche iche omume nke nd frog
preparations dabere na oge na nd nd z na galvanic nwere.
One ya pr ba mere na-ezo jr na psychological mkpa nke akwukwo nri mkpali
mmeghar, ya mere, ka ha na-eme ka emeghe uma nke an ah mkpa n'onwe ya,
nakwa na ha onwe ha ga-ebip osisi akk (eg. D ka kp alaka nke chr nlezianya
osisi, bee scars nke Mimulus laa) nri; ma br na bgh, iche site ihe esesn a
kwuru na mb aka rzu ihe mb mgbochi, na-lr akpr ebe a naan myirta na
anman amara mmeghar isiokwu nke b na mmad adgh emet ha n'ah na
mmekrta. Na-atgh anya h doo ma b needlestick akpali bna any anya, any
aka na kw ka mma a mkpi na adgh emet ha n'ah site na agga n'n d ka
Berberisstaubfaden. Ga-, ebe na-abanye mmetta, n'ezie, nwere ike kws Iso z
a ije, ma na-abughi na ha ma b sensashion.
Na-eto eto m, ebe ezigbo ga akbiarughi nime ike, na-mkpali mmeghar fr nke
nta ka uma nke s mmeghar. Na osisi ha na-akpa gw d nn n'otu aka ah,
maka (mkpokta. XV). "Mgbe ejigh ya kpr rubbing az aka na mkps aka,
mgbe rubbing az nke aka, na ogwe aka na otu usoro na ukwu gbatia na-eto eto m

ozugbo kw, mgbe ah tickling nke d n'ime aka akpata ihe ozugbo curvature nke
mkps aka." (V. d. Kolk na Fror. Ma Schleiden ah n'ahh. kt 1847. Ee e 75. P.
135.)
The ihe mkpali na-akpali ibipu akk nke osisi na aka nke z b naan analogous
ka ihe mkpali mmeghar na pr hr na kp aw 'kw, Salamander d wdg ma
nke N'ezie presupposes na kp anman akk weere ya bna dgh sensashion
nwere ike b a anya imegide any mgbe ha kwuru na ihe mkpali Nkea, br na ha
na ihe niile nwere ike ime na-enwegh sensashion, na ike na-ezo aka sensashion. Ma
n'ezie agbakas mmeghar nke osisi iberibe b ya mere obere ebe nghta nke nd a
iberibe kara anman iberibe omume; ma mgbe ah, elegh anya ihe d ukwuu on
dum osisi nke chpta nd a na osisi kara m anman nile na ikpe. Otu onye gaeji tnyere ezigh ezi naan. Any na-adgh ekwu na ihe mkpali ije-eme ka ya onwe
ya adgh emet ha n'ah, kama b naan na ha na-ejere nd organism nke
sensashion ma b a yiri thereto drava na onodu. The usoro iji jide n'aka ike mgbe
ah na-ga-ekpe nd gbubiri k.
Ebe a b z, fd nd z ndetu na ruo ugbu a mara ihe at nke akwukwo nri
mkpali ije:
marcha mmeghar stamens.
E wezga nd nkt Berber eri maara ihe mgbakas nke stamens: na North
American Berberisarten na pinnate epupta, Berberis humilis na canadensis
(Mahonia Nutt .); ma bgh na nd z Berber echiche d ka Epimedium, Leontice,
Nandina; - na fd osisi nke kaktus na cists ezinl aha: Opuntia vulgaris,
ficus indica, tuna D.C. (kaktus opuntia, ficus indica, tuna ), site Medicus bna
na Cereus grandifl , hegzagon . na Peruvian ,. ma nke a pgh h enen
Treviranus; n'ihu Cistus Helianthemum, apenninum na ledifolium (Helianthemum
vulg . apenn na. ledifol .); na hermaphrodite okooko osisi nke fd Centaureen, ya
b Centaurea spinosa, ragusina, cineraria, glastifolia, eriophora,
Salmantica. Isnardi, pulchella Mere . (Na nke ikpeaz hr Treviranus ga nke ma
ptara h karsa); - N'ikpeaz ka Sparmannia afrioana (a Titiacee). Banyere fdakpali nn mmas phenomena na stamens nke d iche iche na osisi, ma, kama nke
ah mgbakas, na na-elegh anya kewapr adabere na n'ibu ma b nd z naakpata (nke Parietaria, Chenopodium, Atriplex, Spinacia, Urtica, Humulus, , Morus,
Forskalea, Genista Spartium, Indigofera, Medicago, Kalmia , wdg)
mkpokta. Treviranus, Physiol. II. 739. (counter Wet
mgbal Parietaria na Urtica karsa. Mkpokta. Wiegm. Njiko. 1836. II. 100.)
The stamens nke nd nkt Berber eri anwr k ka nwere ike a malitere ma br
na nd mmad na-ebipkwa nd elu akk ma b ka e wepwo ifuru na pistil nke
sepals na petals. -Egbochi ha na oge mgbe ha gwr, ka okwu-ha ije, ha na-angide
na-agbanweghi agbanwe mgbe emechara na-agafebegh nd.
The osisi nke kaktus na Cistenfamilie na ogwe e mere na mgbe otu onye transverse
ra strok na a ahha ma b aj agba nke a mmiri na filaments ma b af ha, otu
ime ka a nway nway n'usoro na curving ije nke na-emegide mgbe ebigh ebi
direction kara nke ujo nyere ha mere. Nke a na ije z b na;, nd k ka a fd ruo

n'k b ikuku, ma dgh enwe otu s d ka na Berberis na-agagh ada banyere site
mere vibration. - The ogwe nke Centaureen hr tt n'z doro anya na disk
okooko osisi nke na-na nn blossomed.The filaments nkwekrta ebe a n mgbe
ibit anthers; bgh mgbe niile n'otu, ma naan otu onye ma b tt seknd
mgbe na kntakt, ma laghachi mgbe oge fd, ma ukwu-nway nway, na ya
gara aga na nd, nke nwere ike ugboro ugboro na ihe ga nke ma iyatest. z
hr ikpo nt ogwe. (Treviranus, Physiol.)
Morren d iche nso 5 Nkea ka okooko nke Centaureen :. "L) Mgbe na-ejigh ya
kpr emet nd okooko osisi tupu ntoputa nke stigmata, ya mere ha na-eme ka a gaa
nso na etiti nke tt nd mejuptara ifuru na az 2) Mgbe ah na-ewe a achp nd
nke pollen. 3 ) na Stigmate banye n'ime puta. 4) otu esmde now mfe okooko osisi ma
b nd stigmata, ya mere ha na-eme ka a n'usoro n'usoro ije. 5) nwoke Iwe
n'ikpeaz stigmata, ot ah anther Anam Udeme ala na mgbe ah bilie z. mb ije
b n'ihi na . fortziehen a shortening nke d n'ime eri nke stamens gara aga, nke
emewo ka okooko osisi, na okooko osisi na nku ahu oji n'aka ab na nke at naampta na regrowth nke pen; nke-an nwekwara a n'ihi ihe ah shortening nke torola
eto na stamens, inwe na-ewe ebe, n'ihi ya, dkwa. ise Ke kpukpru idaha emi, mgbe
ah, b stamens, nke na-emepta ha ogwe ngaghar. " (Wiegm. Njiko. 1844. II. P
128.)
marcha mmeghar nke nku ahu oji n'aka.
Na nkt ihere nke pistil mkpali mmeghar e okt karsa n'ihe tt genera nke
Personatenfamilie na ab-egbugbere n n'apa, nke d n'elu ( Martynia annua,
Bignonia radicans , na okike GRATIOLA na Mimulus (deptara na ha kas umu) na a
obere nkwa nke phenomena. Medicus chr a ogwe kwa na ab egbugbere n
n'apa si Lobelia syphilitica crinoides naCRinUS chptara na, Ot d, nke
chptara, d ka ya onwe-ekweta, na-agnye a karr nd nkt anya. mgbakwunye,
mkpali mmeghar ka n n'apa nke Goldfussia anisophylla naGoodenia, na
Genitaliensule nke S tylidium na okpu-yiri Mgbakwnye na ovary na Pinus
larix (larch osisi) ka a hworo. n'oge a nile ogwe mettara na omume nke
Fertilization. ab egbugbere n scars nke Personaten nke a b Ama remotely o
mere mgbe nd pollen na ihere gelangend, na-emechi ha akpata na-ejide, kwuru mgbe
Dons anya nke nsogbu na mmiri mmiri dnaya nke hoses agafekwa pollen ga-enye,
herabzutreiben a dnaya gaa oak (?).
Banyere ogwe nke n'apa nke Mimulus ubi na nso nso goro anya karsa
nwere. (Gardeners, nwere na kwuru na omumu akk ke vollk. Plants. Stuttgart.
1844.) bip ma na-na keguru mmiri j ha mewere d ka unabgeschnitten. Shake
adgh arpta, ma tt chemical stimuli, d ka igirigi ibu sulphuric acid. Morphine
mman ma b Strychninl (ngwakta nke morphine ma b strychnine mman) na
ogwe na-esikwagh ike, akpatre ebibi. Castration nwere ogwe apgh gafe mmetta
kara e ji mara oge nke ifuru na ot n'apa e akp. Ihe emereme nke ya pollen na ogweewe ebe nan n'oge a tr ime ya ike; chemical stimuli eme kamakwa zpta oge.
Na Goldfussia anisophylla (ma bgh na Ruellia anisophylla ) pr t anya
mgbe ifuru ga-emepe, curved gwgw nke mkps, nke nwere d a n'elu na nko

kpebisiri tapered waya n'elu stamens mgbap, ka n'apa, nke na-emetta a n'akk nke
pen n n'otu ogologo malite n'n n otu forterstreckt eduzi convex n'ebe elu-igwe,
na concavity nke nko chigharia imegide ndi stamens. Ma br na ihe bla metr
mkps, b g f ya, ma b osisi maa jijiji, ma b nke na-ekpo k (25 Celsius
R.) eweta ikuku ngwa ngwa na oyi na-at (-2 Celsius R.), ot ah curved gwgw
nke mkps na-eduzi kpamkpam ogologo on, mgbe fd, d ka ogologo d ka ak,
n'oge na-adgh ub curved ka a Flamberge; mgbe fd (ma adkargh) na-egosi
mkps nwekwara mpta ije, ekpe ma b aka nri, na-at ma b az. Ee ji ok ikpo
k nke iwe mkps ehuda bna ihe aak na-abgh n'akk, nke mere na mkps b
fr nke nta ozugbo mgbe ah na corolla na ezi ka elu. Ruo mgbe nloghachi n'af
ofufo n'nd mb ha, elegh anya na-agabiga 1 / 4 hour. The nnwale nwere ike
imeohuru onwe ya mgbe mgbe. Uche nke mkps adgh amalite tupu mmeghe nke
anthers na-ekwuptakwa ruo mgbe ifuru dalataworon. na-egosi onwe ya na kp
okooko osisi, na bna on dpr adp pencils, nakwa d ka ma br na ha ka na
osisi, lightness ma b chchr-eme ka mba d iche na-ga nke ma nke
nnwale. Nzube nke ihe mkpali ije b doro anya na ogbugbu nke pollination, d ka
mgbe e mesr (XI) nearer na-atle. A af ofufo ije nwere ike na-aghta. (Nouv.
Mem. De l'Acad. De Bruxelles. 1839.)
Na genus Stylidium, onye mkpesa mmeghar nn mkpmkp e kwuru n'elu, b
klm nke agw na ab anthers na ihere, na-ahuta ka ihe intergrowth nke ab
filaments, nke na-agnye a mkps. O nwere a ab S-yiri curvature na kpebisiri ala
na n'okpuru anyanw nke Nwere Ifuru k-ala na eke na ala. Morren si nnyocha
nke StyliD. graminifolium kpughere nso eson: The ije nke klm na-ewe ebe nan
site n'onye ah nke na agaghar nke nd curvature ke ukot kama otu. Na buds ala, na
ogwe b ma; dgh amalite tupu oghere nke anthers na-egosi na zuru ike b mgbe
ha amalitela g az n'akk, n'ihe ha mere n'ime mating oge. br na nd
Antherenapparat akpnwwo, na-ege nt ogwe. Ke ofri ofri, na ije-ewe ebe nan
mgbe mmalite; ma on d k bch, karsa n'oge nri ehihie, Morren hkwara ugboro
ugboro na ogidi nke unu kpamkpam gbat (nway nway, na banyere 1 / 2 min.,
mgbe nke ukwuu ida ke iyatest) o we laghachi z site n'onwe ya na ya gara aga
nd , br ogidi wuru otu ugboro, ot ah na anya n'ihi na na-efu ruru ya
n'nd d ala; Tammy site elasticity nke onwe ya, n'ime elu. The ogwe-angide naagbanweghi agbanwe kwa bee obere na ogidi, na bna na kp si ogidi gbagr
agbag mpempe isi. (Nouv. Mem. De l'Acad. De Brux. 1838.)
Banyere ogwe nke okpu ekara Mgbakwnye nke ke ukot nke ovary nke larch osisi
( Pinus larix ) and (Don, o doro anya na erroneously, na-ewere stigmata), Don kr
d ka nd a: "M wee a n'alaka l r na-adgh mpta okooko osisi, kwara na
pollen nke nwoke catkins nke z alaka na-, nke Stigmate hr ya kpam kpam
juptara pollen, na ike ugbu a mfe achpta ot mgbidi ihere ji nway nway
wetara n zuru ok n'otu; nke o doro anya na nwere nzube nke mmiri mmiri dnaya
. pollen egosipta na afanyekwa na otu gbala site d warara Itie ka osisi terebinth
mgbe njikta spam mgbidi ihere mbaa z;-adgh anya ya na-akpnw na ike ugbu
a hr na efu pollen egosipta jupta br na bee a n'alaka l r na nd inyom

na okooko osisi tupu Fertilization. si ot anya na-ah ot oge na ihere na-angide

na-emeghe ma na ok. " (Ann. Of SC. Nat., 1828. nke Iri na At. 83.)
marcha mmeghar nke z ifuru akk.
Mgbe, na Stylidium a eke ezinl nwe ihe ah neuhollndischen
genus Leeuwenhoekia b na nkwonkwo, adru ise n'akk nke okpueze articulates na
j, agbakas, nke mere na na-emettakwa, ma b n'z iwe, na-ahap eke
lowered nd, ngwa ngwa erects na kpuchie ya hollowed efere na brn nd kw
chm Genitaliensule. Na-na genus Caleyaegbugbere n yiri ka nwere fd ogwe,
na fd d nke Pterostylis na Megaclinium falcatum Lindl . - br na e nwere
tt d Mesembryanthemum nd petals ka na mgbe na-etinye otu ntap mmiri na
filament. - Na Bellis perennis na-emekwa ka a mberede itinye n'nd nke okporo
osisi doo emepta; ma nan mgbe ike echiche nke ether. The mgbrgba ekara ifuru
nke Ypomoea sensitiva closes mgbe Turpin ozugbo site mpachi na nwetr aka nke
ya irighiri akwara. - Mgbe Oenothera tetraptera Hedwig-ele a na mberede akpnw
nke ha na-agbasa nso Corolla we ma nchawa na-emeghe na a mma iko akk, ha
ka kpuchiri.
marcha mmeghar nke Ib akwkw.
Site na osisi na mfe agbakas epupta b ruo ugbu a nan Dionaea
muscipula mara. Osisi na-eso tt nd mejuptara agbakas epupta, d ka mara
ugbu a, naan n'okpuruOxalideen na legumes n'ihu. Site 33 ruo 36 nke a osisi, nke namara, dla naan ije apparitions nke ikpere Oxalis sensitiva , Averrhoa
carambola, na nke kas nke ma nke Mimosa pudica nyochaworo ma b nd chr
nlezianya osisi. fd ogwe b naan sluggishly. Ebe a b ndepta nke a maara nke
mere nn:
I. Oxalideen: Averrhoa Bilimbi L., A. carambola L., Oxalis sensitiva L., 0. stricta,
0. acetosella, 0. corniculata, 0. purpurea, 0.carnosa, 0. Deppei (ikpeaz isii mgbe
Morren) . . - II legumes: Aspalathus persica Burm. - Nauclea pudica Desc. Aeschynomene sensitiva Swartz, A. indica L., A. pumila L. - Smithia sensitiva Ait. Mimosa casta L., M. peruambucana L. (Desmauthus diffusus Willd.) M. asperata L.,
M. pigra L., M. quadrivalvis L, (Schrankia aculeata Willd.), M. pudica L., M.
sensitiva L., M. Viva L. Willd. -. Desmanthus lacustris Dec., D. natans Willd, D.
stolonifer Dec., D. triquetris Dec., D. plenus Willd, D. polyphyllus Willd .. -. Akesha
acanthocarpa Willd nzube ma na-Hedgerow ab abgh kpmkwem d fd
nke Aeschynomene na mgbe a Decandolle Akesha si Senegal. (. Wiegm Njiko 1838.
I. 347. 1840. 162. II ..) - Mgbe Mohl nso Also na Robinia pseudacacia,
viscosa na hispidasite n'ikwe alaka, epupta moderately. O kwenyere na ogwe nke
osisi an ah juptara ebe nile kara any na mb kweere. (Botan. Time. 1832. II.
497.)
N'ozuzu, ihe niile mara osisi na agbakas epupta n'anya kas dr mmiri mmiri
ebe; fd, d ka Desmanthus typologies b ihe bara nn aquatic osisi. All, ya na e
wezga na-ewere nd n'ime k n'gb nd mpaghara Dionaea -agh nke onyeekpo k mpaghara. Kas na-herbs, a ole na ole nke osisi na osisi. All stimuli-eme ka
on agbakas naan akwkw a nso, mgbe na-emeghe si. N'ihi na tt nd mejuptara

agbakas epupta egosi otu ntziaka, nke a pr mere site stimuli, na-mgbe na-ehi ra
nke free uche.
Dionaea muscipula aba ufat gara aga na swamps nke North America. The epupta
na-agbasa na Rose udi gburugburu ifuru stalk ya n'elu ala na-enwe ihu njedebe nke a
kewara ekewa site a kp nso n'gwgw ya na ab kara oval lobes roundish,
bara bara Mgbakwunye ejikr fr nke nta nan site midrib ka nd fdrn
mpempe akwkw. Otu na-biri kpuchie obere, dt uru glands; zkwa, flaps nanyere bgh nan na n'n n ya na bristly lashes, ma bla n'ime ha nwekwara na
etiti nke ya elu at upstanding nn obere spines.The elu nke kw ajirija si glands si
a sap-adta m ahh, b nd fd n'ime iyi nd na-nn na-ag ag. Ma o siri ike
tupu ahh nwere na mb mgbasa mpempe akwkw Mgbakwnye ma b lobes
nke Dionaea set, n'ogige atr a (na seknd) Upper ugw n; lashes ha n'n irutu
onye bla z, na spikes na-eme ka jide m anman. The z na m ahh naeguzogide, na ihe-emechi flaps onye bla z; nan mgbe na-akpa gw edere duu,
ha na-emeghe z, ga-z mgbe b d, nwr. Otu mmetta, nke a na ada
banyere site mkpali nke ahh b, ma e meptara ka ihe site na-emet na a aka, a
ahha ma b epupta nke agbata obi osisi. Curtis hr mgbe fd na a dr
n'agha ada e kpuchiri na a slimy umi nke yiri ihe na-eme ka a dissolving g n'lnga
ke otu aka, o tr aro ka daba m ahh na-eje ozi na-eri nri na osisi. The ogwe nke
osisi na-emetta nd okpomk nke ikuku d h. bna na Drosera
rotundifolia na longifolia ga-ab yiri ka na Dionaea edebewo; naan ukwuu iji
nway mmeghar; ma-enwegh ike h nd z a onu ebe a enen.
Oxalis sensitiva na-ahukari n'ime Amboina n'etiti nd z akk nke India. The
inikiet inikiet pinnate, banyere 12 ole na ole ovate epupta agta epupta a osisi gha
na kntakt ma b site atba fd j n nke na ala-ebupta nke ab izute, nke o
guzo ha na n'igha iyatest mgbe oge fd z. Ha na-eso ama mgbe osisi a na-eru
nso, nd ala kwara. bna n'abal ma na ezo bch ha na-emechi. Kwa tt, ha naan n'nd nke kacha ike erection na bgh d ka chebaara n'ibu stimuli, d ka
n'ehihie, ebe ha jikr n na gba t na-ama na-eku ume on.
Averrhoa carambola b na Bengal, na Moluccas na Philippines nke mkpr n'ihi
kr osisi. The ogwe nke pinnate doo ebe a nke trgerer obima, nke mere na naabkar naan nkeji ole na ole mgbe stimuli. The mpempe akwkw nd na-lowered
mgbe otu onye na-emet petiole, belatara, nke mere na nd na-abgh n'akk nke
aka ya ala elu fr nke nta.
Mimosa pudica , mwute osisi, na bipinnate epupta. The leaflets, akwukwo grga,
isi petiole, b alaka, nwere kwa ya akpan akpan ije gw ma d ka nke ma nd nkt
osisi ra emee, d ka nwere ike ime ka a N'ihi nke stimuli. The nke mpempe
akwkw b na ha etinye onwe ha na-at tile otu n'elu nd z, nke na veining na ha
agakwuru onye bla z na na ha na nd petiole na agbara emetta azuokokoosisi,
na alaka na n'n. Na steeti a nke mkpi b osisi nke bna n'etiti abal; na a steeti
kas elu mgbasa n'aka nke z, ebe akk ah niile na-spaced iche, na-ekpo k n'oge
okpomk bch tt na-egbuke egbuke h anyanw. Onye bla n'ime nd a
mmeghar pr irite site stimuli bna ime na-enwegh nke z, Ot d, nke a b

kacha mma site ije nke epupta na akwukwo okporo site petioles akpali adkargh
na-enwegh adta nd na-ar r. Site ozugbo mechanically iwe akk mkpi si aba
na propagates ka ihe ibu ma b nta, ike b iyatest. The oge nke a mpempe
akwkw kwesr ime ka ala nke Mgbasa nke mgbanwe site na erugh 10 nkeji
ruo. 1 / 2 hour; Nke a oghere abgh na nd d ot ah mgbe nile usoro nke akk
vonstatten kara emechi. The ogwe dabeere kacha mma na nkwonkwo, nke b isi
petioles na nd a alaka jik na onye bla mpempe akwkw nke midrib, onye
bla nke veining; a mmetta aka d mfe nke otu, insonderheit a-acha cha ntp na
articulation nke bla mpempe akwkw na midrib, suffices na-emepta
mmetta; n'aka nke z na-akpata ibit naan akwkw info nd ah na-mkpi, d ka
na jik na a vibration, nke propagates ka nkwonkwo.
Bee alaka, karsa t sectional ebe na mmiri, na-ejigide ha mgbakas. bna n'abal
na-ehi ra osisi b ka agbakas; -emepe onwe ya n'okpuru mmiri na-emechi ka na,
b ezie nway. Ma na ikuku na n'bch na-akpali nd liveliest na ot ah kar, ot
ah ka d na elu-igwe okpomk.
Na (d ka Decandolle azr)-ama nke cotyledons nke germinating M. . Pud nd
agbakas, Dassen adgh enen; -enwe eto eto epupta tupu ha nabatara chchr
akwkw nd akwkw nd na agba nke okenye, obere agaghar. Yellow epupta naadgh na abaala agbakas, ma kwesiri ngosi d ka chemical stimuli obere mgbe
n'itinye n'ibu na-(Dassen). Na mmepe nke hr epupta na oge ntoju, na agaghar
ebelata markedly na nd agbata obi na-epupta; chaa mkpr osisi na-ege nt
mmeghar.
Applied emere tmkp gbat ha mmetta na-ebe d anya na sat nke ha ngwa,
nke b karsa doo anya mgbe otu ahuwo Nnam a akwukwo jiri nway; n'ihi na
ukwuu n'ihu kara okpomk b zuru ezu, epupta tinye n. Nke a Mgbasa nke ihe
chr oge site stimuli si Ib akwkw wepr mgbe e mesr jikr n na-eru
nso. Mgbe Dutrochet na ike s nke Mgbasa b na petioles 8 ruo 15 mm ke l sec, na
azuokokoosisi na kas 2 to 3 mm. site Dassen ma bgh ot ezi mkpebi siri ike o
kwere omume.
Banyere manifold stimuli ka nke chr nlezianya osisi ah zara, s. N'elu. Mmetta
nke otu ihe mkpali d ma d iche iche degrees d ka d iche iche na-ekwu nke chr
nlezianya osisi, n'ihi ya, mgbe mgbe d iche iche na-ekiri ekiri. Mechanical stimuli
site wounding enwegh ije N'ihi ya, gwla ma ha na-mettara nw nke ihe
ma b shake, d ka pr h n'ihi na mgbe mgbe bilie ije n'oge cha n'ime a
mpempe akwkw, ma bgh ma br na a nway (site Dassen) na-egbusi mkpa
d ka itbe ir chemical stimuli e kwuru na-agnye: chlorine, amonia mmiri mmiri,
nitrous acid, sulfurous acid, na igirigi ibu sulphuric Eta, mkpa mman, d ka a vepo
ma b mmiri mmiri na epupta nke Mimosa pudica kptr. nwere ike gbat ya
edinam n'ebe d nn anya. N'ihi ya, i nwere ike na nke ah na-ewetara a siri ike acid
jiri nway on a mpempe akwkw, na-enwegh si ot jik a uburu mgbaka, ime ka
ihe nile mettara epupta isonyere. Camphor ebibi uche ma na-egbu osisi na-enwegh
epupta nso. - Combustion-ku b otu n'ime ihe kas ike stimuli. Dassen nyeere ya
na-ad ir karsa, na mkpa, impregnated na wax owu eri. Na nn obere ire k ah o

nwere ike ime ka-eto eto epupta na ije, nke nwere na-akpali n'z bla z. Mgbe
mberede ntinye nke a oyi, nke b n'okpuru kefriza ebe a alaka nke a chr nlezianya
osisi hr du Fay na Duhamel nke a b naan ike kara na mb na-emeghe na ya
epupta, mgbe ah, mechie ngwa ngwa ma reopen. - Galvanism ka ihe na ihe j
management nke osisi, na ha siri ike imetta, n'ihi ya nke hr emegide nke a naekpuchi.
Mgbe k na mgbrgw na ndp igirigi ibu sulphuric acid ma b a ire k,
adgh emepta nwetr ije ke epupta (Dassen), kama, mgbe n'itinye itughari na
igirigi ibu sulphuric acid (Dutrochet) ebe bna absorption kwere omume.
Ihe niile d nd nke osisi nd ah ikpe, z. B. submerging ha d iche iche mmiri
n'okpuru osimiri, na brushing nke epupta mman ma b mmanya, nd rarefied
ikuku nke nt mgbapta, a oke oyi ka k ikuku, ruo ogologo oge n n'k nke
ikuku, ns Art, na carbonate, nitrate na nitrogen gas, mb ma b ibibi ogwe. Site ns
na Mimosa na-gburu tupu epupta na-enweta site na nsi, na " pr b (ekwu
Dassen) kwaa mmetta naan nke ya utp ke ofri osisi, nke d iche na toxins, ebe
b na narcotic aka na kw akda na corrosive ns gh stiif ". Ebe bla naachpta ebe a b na eke mmeghar mgbe e mesr ka ihe mkpali mmeghar akws
(site na-ehi ra na aza). . (Mkpokta nke na-adbegh anya nwere na . Mim pudica .:
Meyen na S. physiology III 473; Dassen na Wiegm Njiko 1838.1 349; Miquel na
Fror, N. bgh dgh 9 nke X. gbalaga Gppert na Pogg ....... Ann. 1828. XIV. 252.)

X. Teleological ekwu.
Any na mb mere d iche iche na nzube echiche na ihu ma nke osisi mkpr obi
kwuru. Ma, ga-adru m ktuo niile nke nd a echiche site nd d mfe counter ntule
na osisi ma na-eje ozi nke ukwuu na o doro anya na n'ihi nzube nd z kara nke
njedebe n'onwe ya n'otu n'z kwekr ekwek n'otu nwere ike bla ajj.
Kwe ka mb ya zuru ar ihe mgbochi b.
Na-ewu, echichi, na nw na nd nke osisi na-aga zuru on nzube n mmekrta nke
m mmad na na m anman, nke a na-kpam kpam jr ha. -Enwegh osisi ag
ihe niile, ihe niile ga-dakp n'ime enwegh enyemaka; nyere nwoke ah abgh nri
bgh poteto, bgh kw cha, bgh osisi; na ugbu a abgh home, bgh gb
mmiri, bgh gbmgbm, bgh k; na ugbu a abgh k n'oge oyi, dgh
okpomk ite, bgh embers nke la; na ugbu a abgh anyu-ike, agagh ak,
bgh knives, bgh ego. -Enwegh osisi, na-enwegh bna nwere an, dgh
mmiri ara ehi, dgh aj, dgh silk, bgh pulite, bgh akpkp an, bgh
tallow, mmanu abuba bgh; n'ihi na ebe nwere niile a ruo mgbe anman? Naenwegh ihe a nile Eji, bgh craft, bgh art, bgh ede, bgh akwkw,
bgh nd k mmta sayens; N'oge na-adgh, o nwere ihe bla ma ha iferi nd, na
nke a kwa na-adgh anya aba.
N'ihi ya nwoke kwesr osisi na nke a Gebrauche na-eke ha, na ihe mmad naadgh mkpa na kwesr an ha ah nke na-bna na-ezugh ezu eji z site na nd
mmad, ma na-nwere ya ojiji maka onwe ya. kuk nile bula, nke na-eje ozi na nd
mmad ozugbo nyere N'ezie, otu ma b tt anman n'otu oge nri na-an; na

bna ka n disrepair bla nde nri infusoria. The osisi na-emeju ezu nke nzube, site
n'inye ihe a niile; na-akwa ihe mere o zuru ezu mere na b n'ebe ah. All enweghi
ngwcha dgas iche iche nke osisi na ha na ngwaaha ga- ptara nan ihe z kara
dokwara nnukwu multiplicity karsa gearteter kwesr na mmad na nke anman
alaeze akk prefabricate inye fd kpmkwem ezu.
N'oge na-adgh any na-ah a osisi dgas iche iche, mgbe mgbe intersecting,
renditions nke m anman na m mmad na-eweta, mgbe fd nn weptara a
osisi on a isi ike m mmad ma b anman. Kama ma na-egosi dokwara na
mkpebi siri ike nke osisi ka si nn na-ar r naan na gwgw r maka nd z
na-na otu osisi, na mgbrgw nke irighiri, mpempe akwkw maka katapila, ifuru
nke Butterfly,-esi s t na agba maka m mmad, mkpr maka ya palate na afo,
na ogwu ka na n'ihi na ehi ya. dgh ihe na-erugh 70 d iche iche iche iche nke m
ahh na-eme, na-oak. Na mgbakwunye ka na-ab ab na ha alaka-ufe na climbs
osa; na Ezi-ag ada ada mkpr osisi na dormouse ach nchedo n'okpuru mgbrgw
ya, onye tans na ha ogbugbo, nutmegs ha ebo nd keel ya n'gb mmiri d ka ib nke
ulo-ya, na na-anya k ulo-ha alaka. Ya mere a niile zerfhrt a osisi d ka b na ike
z nzube. N'aka nke z, tlee uru flax, wine, hops, tt Arzeneipflanzen d ka ot
karsa maka otu isi nzube, ndi Israel, na-gbak. N'ezie, bna efu t nke nd
mmad b ka elu nke ma, na-ewu na nd nke pr iche osisi n'z pr iche
subordinating ya af ojuju. N'ihi na dd inyom kere efu, bkwa kere a osisi nke
pr iche na r a efu. Ya mere, d ka b, nd mulberry osisi nwere na-agwakta,
nke na bna silk nwere ike si ya spinning; na na b n'ezie na nzube a na-eme na
ya, na-egosi na agba aja aja kwukwara naan na mbibi na n'ihi na a uto nke mmetta
utp silkworm. Tii na kf nd na-adgh d ka whimsical mbuaha bekee, ma br na
nd mmad nke mere iju cravings e kr gasr. Na n'ebe nile, mgbe osisi
kwadebere, mere ihe o kwesr ime iji m mmad ma b anman, ha ga-eji obi
ta mmiri bibie ka ozugbo mowed, wetara nke poteto, tie osisi, na flax ara
n'k.Enwegh ebe, o yiri eke miko n'ebe a osisi ma br na b iji mezuo site na
ha a zubere maka m mmad na m anman.
Mgbe niile, naan nke a b uche nke mmekrta d n'etiti anumanu na osisi. m
mmad na anman e bu n'obi iji mee ka mkpr obi, echiche, nzube na dd; nke
ugbu a choro n'ezie okwu ka nd gbelu na ihe nweta. Ma na Ideal ga-akws ife
kwa aka onwe ya na okwu, ga-ar n'isi na ya, e kas nn ukwuu k nke ihe
onwunwe mgwa na-ar r na mkpa maka nzube nke ezigbo, tgbr a peculiar
n'wa nke an ah ibu ar ma adgbu onwe ha n'r mfe a na-akwado n'ihi na naadgh aghta nime ya. br na nwoke na m anman niile ot chr anya mgbe
ihe elu na-ebi zlite kpere n'wa, ihe onwunwe onwe ya nwere ike iji h na na
adabara akk site onwe r na site n'ihu nke ihe a na enyefere ha na-ama
Kwadebere osisi, free na nwoke nwere ike, na bna anman nwere stunted ya free
wagharr n'elu wa. Ma ugbu a, na-enwe m mmad na anman na-na akk yiri
na obi t, olee ihe z naan ga-ike cumbersome na obere na-angide na nke
ikpeaz edit ka na-atghar ahu n'aka-ya osisi na-ama na-akwadebe ihe mgbe ochie,
na n'ime ebe a ha na-ah mgbe ah nakwa nd kas mma nd operating ha
ideological akpata.

dd nke ah mmad na m anman na-egosi ot inwe banyere osisi alaeze d

ka isi; ma i nwere ike j gbelu na na-elu onwe ma ka d n'ime ihe o bu n'obi, ihe
ka a free, effortless losers Ya mbuli-elu ebe a di mkpr obi. br na na-chr nd
chandelier ka na-enwu site yi h? Ee, na-agagh akp mgbe osisi na chch nile
nke animated Nigeria kpamkpam subordinated egosi ach ihe n'ba ma ihe na-apgh
n'otu oge na ha ugbu a na-ejikwa onwe ha? Ga- bgh n'ihi na ha, d ka n'ihi na m
anman na m mmad n'wa, d ka Gnstigstmgliche na ha na-adgh bna
maara nke ma uru nke nd, na-amta bna Chegod d nd a nd nke gaekpebisi ike na na mesoro maka nd z na-ar r? Ya mere, d ka b, ha naenwegh eguzogide award ebumnuche bu n'obi iji mezuo ha, d nn ugbu a kas
mma na-eje ozi a emezu, ma na-ewe dd na-adgh inwe nwute iji ya.
M nwere mmepe nke a n'uche ya nyere nke ukwuu egwuregwu, n'ihi na nke a b
nn ihe magburu onwe ukwu na mara mma n'akk nke okike nekpughe na kwa
Wezuga ezi, nke mmezi, na-kas onye inyme expedient ji otu ihe organic alaeze ka
pious nke-z, ma n'ezie, d nn nan otu akk, na ah bkwa Untriftigkeit ihe
mgbochi b na ugbu a na-eme ka any chefuo na ida a skwa nke r ebube. N'ihi
na onye kas ukwuu r ebube nke dd b ma eziokwu na nke bla n'ime ya
kachasi mkpa na onye bla distrikti site mere nd z nile e kere eke na-egosi, naangide n'otu oge kpamkpam on onwe nzube, onye mgbe niile na-eje ozi nke z,
mgbe nd z mmekrta naan mgbe Andrs ya z eje ozi; na ihe niile a na
ntukwasi-eme, na dum nm na nd. Ya mere, ka na-ahap osisi ka na ot ma wuru,
na-emeghar izute zubere maka m mmad na m anman, ya mere kpamkpam
n'ihi nzube nd ah e deptara gbak ihe na-eme! The dum premise b ok nj, d
ka ma br na ugbu a ohiha anya, kpamkpam ezi ngkta oge nke l, na nguzobe
nke osisi maka onwe nzube bgh vertrge. Onye bla anya nke yinye nke eke
mmad nd kpachapr shuts onwe ya na kwa onye, b zuru ezu na-egosi na nzube a
concatenation.
Nkta na pusi aghagh ife t ma b uru nke mmad; Ma ha nwere ihe bla naerugh chch na ekike mgbe ah n'onwe ya? The cat eri nza; ma, nza b ya mere
abgh nan maka cat n'ebe ah; na nza nke riri katapila, ma katapila b ya mere
abgh nan maka Sperling n'ebe ah; katapila riri osisi; Gn mere na ugbu a osisi na
otu oge nan maka katapila na ihe na-azu azu, d ka ya? M na-ah ihe bla na dd
nke ihe t mmad na-ardata a n'kw, machibido, bna arda okooko osisi; anya
n'ihi na a anya d ka a ogbo mere nke nkume na gw? The osisi a na-eji z na
nzube, b eziokwu; ikpe ziri ezi nke mere na onye z nwere ike na-eje ozi ha na
nzube z; na dd na-akpa a ezi omume, d ka a ga-emere na ihe nkowa. Ma mgbe
ah, osisi ah ga-enwe ike na-ejikwa; na nke a nwere ike na-enwe a b na a mkpr
obi; M na-aptagh naan na nzube n'ime ptara Hegelian-nzube ige, kama
brgod naan nzube, d ka ha na-now d nn nwere aru nke madu na-ele ihe ag
maka ihe ka, na elegh anya, mgbe esmde d ot ah.
Nwere ike nke ukwuu ego na tt nd z n'otu oge a osisi, d ka any hworo ihe
nlereanya nke nd oak, nke mere na dgh nke ukwuu ngafe nke mmezu nke nzube,
d ka chta kas mma na-egosi na onye si ot echiche isi nzube. N'ihi na ha nwere
ego, nke mere na tt nd z n'otu oge ah, e nwere ma ka na ikwere ezigbo na ha

karsa onwe g ihe ga-enwe ike imeli. N'ihi na ha na-eme ma bna nd z, ha gaenwe ike imeli a nke kacha mma na nke kacha mma njik. isi nzube ga-ich Ya mere
kpomkwem n'ime ebe a. All nzube nd ah, ha zutere nd z, kama b naan j
jide; itinye onye anya, akpali nd ya. Ot d, osisi terebinth a agb ah e kere onwe
ha na-eguzogide gw, n'ozuzu, ihe ma stof, nwere onwe ya n nn. Na a nn
coherent n'onwe ya organic edinam ebe kwesr izu oke dgh coherent nzube n'onwe
ya ebe? e-efu mgbe oak na-adgh enweta agw onwe ha.Onye na-adgh kweere na
mgbe a kpakpando ib Site n'ibu na-n'akk niile, ihe h na ya anaktara n'ime onwe
ya? Ma any na-ahap osisi terebinth ib si a gbara chchr isi post.
br na fd osisi mere ka iyi ka af ju obere, ma elegh anya bna na-ezigh
ezi chch nke nd mmad, nke mere na kwesr agbanyegh kas mma iji gosi na ihe
nke ha iyi ka nan mere, nwere ike b naan nd kas nta na dgh ihe z d mkpa
nke d nke ha n'ezie mere b; ma b any tghara uche n'z nke okike b nn
erugh eru.
Ndi otu ptara ma na dd chr kwaga na substantive r ka ukwuu kara on
mkpr obi efu Nigeria iji ikwado soulful ihe e ji mara, ot kwesr N'aka nke z
ewere na d ka n'ozuzu ndokwa nke okike mgbe nile ihe onwunwe edinam b naan
na nke d ebe a n'okpuru Tun mkpr obi nwere ike isi gosipta. N'ihi ya, anagh ar
r ga-azpta mkpr obi, ma mkpr obi nke nd r a ga-azpta ma br na
ihe mgbochi b ga-ab nri ma br na, olee ihe z nwere ike ga na mkpr obi
vonstatten, ma ga-aga na-enwegh nd d ot ah vonstatten. ma onye bla na-ar
r na mgbal na-a gw r nke r, mara iji mee ka a retaliatory nsogbu b. Eze na
nd k mmta onwe ha nwere na-ar r na br na mmiri; Ka dgod, nd r
ugbo na nd r nk na-ar r z na ogwe aka na planing. Ma nke a na-ele ot ah
ihe ma ma d ike d ka na mgbal nke r ya na-ar nn ezi gw r site r
ya. Mmetta na t b na e nwere ezi na kaibe, ebe a Nt ma d mfe, d ka b r na
isi ihe nke r na nd r ha. Ma ike nd r ugbo na-eri nri eze ma ka na-eche ihe
na-eme iji z ya, osisi ah b ike na-eri nri na m anman na-eche bna ihe
na-eme iji z ya. All nd kpatara nke osisi tupu mkpr obi na ihu ma nke ala nke
m mmad na m anman nabatagh nke ah, na-n'ezie mkpa d ka nke ma, ha
na-agnah peasantry na ihu ma nke tupu nd k mmta na gentlemen.
b kwuru banyere N'aka nke z, Ot d, any ngw r na-enwegh nzube na
ihe nd na-eje ozi nan nzube, mere na bgh naan osisi? Ma d nn na-etinye n
any ngw r nwere ike, d ka na mb echiche, mma-eje ozi iji gosi na osisi dara
n'okpuru akk z.
Any ngwar ibi na-ejeghar ma na-adgh eto eto nke na ya d ka osisi, ha nwere
ihe niile na aka, n'd na mgbakwunye na nke any, ya mere ha na-arkwa ya ihe
bla nke nzube nke onwe ha; nd r a na-na ha, na-adgh ha onwe ha, any b nd
na-eme ya; Ya mere, any pr ch ka naan na gw-r nke oru; osisi ma br na
ha b ngwar e onwe ha bi na ya na na na nke ya onwe-ar r r r nke ma d
ka any nwere ike mere nakwa, yiri ekwu eme ka d ka any; b ngw nke Chineke d
ka any; Chineke ogbako ma dgh ngwar unilaterally bla ibe ozi otu onye na
ibe ya, ma.

A now any na--abua page nke any isiokwu, nke kpamkpam anya ihe mgbochi b
ma b ese, site na mb n'akk kara loro d ka na-loro kama kas mara mma ot
ah. Na herewith nd chere ihu megide mkpr obi nke osisi-ekwu ga-atghar naagaziri ha kpamkpam.
The osisi na-eje ozi na m mmad na m anman; z, nd mmad na m
anman-ejere osisi; ma mee ka osisi soulless, a ga-emekwa ka nd mmad na m
anman soulless.D nn n'ihi na any na-eji t ihe niile any na-akpa any, gagh
ab n'otu d osisi na-r d ka ha b, any adgh eme ka d ka a r.
Na otu ikike, d ka ha na-ekwu, na mmad na anman na nri ma rie mkpr osisi
nke ubi, otu onye nwere ike ikwu na, n'eziokwu, na mkpr osisi nke ubi-eri nri na
m mmad na anman z; n'ihi na ihe niile nke m mmad na anman adgh
ya, na-alaghachikwuru osisi n'elu, na ga-agabiga n'ime ha nke mere na ha na-eto nkema. Dwara nd d nn bgh d ka nd, d ka any na-eme na ha. Ha na-eche ihe
na-aga site any ruo mgbe na-aba ha, na-at anya any nw, tupu ha inweta any
dum. Nke a ndidi na-now kwaara ha d ka umengw insensitivity na passivity nwr
anw; ma-ezigh ezi,, n'ihi na ha ka na-n'ezie na-enwekwa ihe a nile, ha na-egosiputa
ot kpomkwem n'ihi na nile mgbe na-aba ha, ma na-anabata na-eji anyaukwu naeji na-eto eto si ot. d na-adabere na nke a ndidi mgbe nile na ya Gebanntsein
ka ala-ya, ot a na-ekwu okwu, nwaany agwa kwupta m anman n. Chere ma
a nwunye eze, ka i mee ihe ha chr; b n'ezie n'aka na dgh mkpa ka
ichere; ukwuu aka na-ndammana r n'aka ha. Ya mere ugbu a na-eche dum osisi na
anman ah igbari onwe ya, na-ewu ha; ifuru obim elewo ruo mgbe m ahh naaba ya ka o nyere ya n'oge njikta spam; na nkpuru chere maka agha mkpr jidere
ya na kr n'ala; ahh na nwoke ime ot ah n'enwegh mmer, b ezie na ibido
ihrentwegen; Ot d, dd nwere m ahh na m mmad dokwara mere
ndokwa na Ihrentwegen-agh onye N'ihi ha n'otu oge ah.
Kwesr dd ma b ka ah osisi na m anman na-al g n'elu ihe onye nke
z mkpa n'ihi na na-eme nke a nke ukwuu n'etiti onwe ha? ka hr hap n'udo
na-enye ma na-ebe a n'ijikta, ot bgh ihe niile igbari n'ime discord. Ha now
kwere ka any na-ak na uche any na-ezube-eji, na-enwegh osisi na-ike na
chebe; ma bna megide uche nke ayi, any nwere ijere osisi z; na any nwere ike
gbachitere onwe any banyere ihe banyere ya?
The fatlaza na rere ere ozu na-abgh nan na ihe osisi a na-eji d ka nri m
mmad na m anman na-erite uru. Na a na nzuzo, na tt nd na-amagh ama
okporo z kama ha ga-ak ihe nd kas mkpa ka ihe kacha mkpa na ha onwe ha
nwere. N'ezie, olee ot i chere nke ma nke na a osisi na-etolite ite ma b n'z, naad ukwuu? Ala yiri ka o siri ike belata. Na-ahap a osisi mgbe k az obere
nt. tt n'ezie ka etinye obi g dum mmiri, ma obere ala, nweekwa mmiri na-eme
ka fr nke nta ka dgh osisi. D ka iju d ka nwere ike da fd, na-fd na
b tumadi na ume nke m mmad na anman, site na nke osisi e ji wuo, nke naemepta ya na ofu scaffolding. Ot ah nile siri ike nke na-angide ka coal mgbe k
osisi kpa osisi si carbon dioxide nke elu-igwe (ma si ot geschwngerten mmiri), otu
bu onye nwepuga d ka ff nke champeenu. Nke a carbon dioxide na-exhaled m

mmad na m anman, etinye obi g dum site na osisi, n'ihi iche na gh ha carbon
umi, ma oxygen (onye njik na carbons dee carbonic acid iche-iche) na-laghachi na
ikuku.
"N'ezie," na-ekwu Dumas, "d ka kwachie nke ala nke mkpuru osisi pulitere nar
af gara aga, site na nke bilitere guzo n'ihu any nnukwu osisi, bgh a nde nke
carbon, osisi terebinth nwere ugbu a. Nd fdr, ie niile , carbon, natara site
n'ikuku. " (Dumas, statics nke ngwa. Ch.)
Boussingault chptara na fatlaza na e iwesa on a mba ala na l on a hectare nke
ala, naan 2793 kilogram. Carbon dude nke na o mere ihe ubi ma 8383 kilogram. On
mba z ezi owuwe ihe ubi bna d 7600 kilogram. Carbon n'elu fatlaza. N'ihi ya,
ngafe ama sitere si n'ikuku.
Otu goro mgbal nke edoziri na-agwagh agwa gravel na basted na distilled mmiri
peas, ka nwere iji nweta nri ha nan site na ikuku, ma meptara, epupta na osisi so
mee. (Ebendas.)
Olee k n'obi na osisi nwere ike itinye uche any dum carbon site na ikuku, naegosi nd na-eson nnwale Boussingaults. chptara na "grape epupta, nke nakenam n'ime a balloon na niile tinye elu na carbonic acid dude site n'otu ikuku naagafe mgbe otu onye nwekwara ach si na airflow ka na mere ngwa ngwa. N'otu aka
ah hr Boucherie si rhizomes nke zuru dara osisi na carbon dioxide
n'gbanah n'ime ihe mwute. " (Ebendas.)
N'oge oyi, any ume freezes na okooko osisi na window, ke ndaeyo gbaa nd
vibrant okooko osisi nke ahha na ya. Chineke, ha na-ekwu, ume na mkpr obi
mmad a, z, onye pr ikwu, eku ume nd na-ak ah a.
Nd mmad na m anman ga-mere eku ume ma na-ebi nd, nke mere na osisi
na-eto eto na-ad nd; ee ngg nke m mmad na anman nwere ike fr nke nta
were d ka akk nke nwere kwadebe osisi a kas mkpa mkpa nke nd. Any na-ehi iji
kwadebe any na mmiri ara ehi na ha udders, osisi na-n na Chineke m mmad na
anman, iji dozie carbon dioxide ha na ngg. Ehi onwe ya site n'iri ahha naenyere site na ya ume ewu ahha nd ka; riri naan ochie epupta, ie ngwaaha nke
gara aga nd r nke osisi, na, d ka na mb chetara, nwere bna tt ihe nd z
na-apta njikere maka osisi; na-eku ume n'ihi na umi na nd hr na-eme site,
n'ihi na mgbanwe nke na kara ime mm umi ke ndu, nd isi r nke nd nke
osisi; na d nn eme ka ha too, green, nd. Nwere ike ugbu a n'ebe a na-ekwu na
dd nwere tt nd substantive preparatory r, niile Zermalmungs- na digestive
usoro nke nt ihe ka m anman ibutu si osisi, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, na ihe osisi
a nan ngidere na mma, h serene r site na m-d ka ihe e kere eke ah apta d
ka nke ikpeaz ngwaaha na ike ike usoro iwu kas siri, sweetest ahu mgbe ohuru,
icho mma, Bildnerin na-ese na otu, na o na-adgh bna na-agbalsi enut. Nwa si
efeghar ebe a abchagh na Ideal na akwukwo nri ala-eze, na bgh ok nj
ndabere nile m anman?
b ezie na ume adgh naan b; tt ihe nd carbon dioxide nke elu-igwe naenyere nsure-ku nke osisi; n'ihi na ihe osisi nmiputa nke nd mm e kere eke na

nd na-aga na nw nke osisi d ka k na-enwu ume n'ime ya az; kama b naan

na uto nke hr osisi maka rejuvenation nke osisi wa. The dum osisi ga-anw ma
otu ugboro. Na nke a, any nwere ike idozi ptara nw mm ozi maka osisi na m
mmad. Any agba nw na a scythe; n'ihi na ha na ya n na onye na uche na style
mettara, a elu b ebibi ihe ka onye, ma nke dum hr serving.
Site na osisi na-adr si ume na ngwaaha nd Fire, na n'ezie otu n'ime nloghachi
iji mee ya. -Ewep bgh ka carbon dioxide site na ikuku, nke a ga-esiwanye rr
ar, n'ihi na carbon dioxide ka a ngwaaha nke iku ume ma b na-ere onwe ha
nwere ike agaghkwa na-eje ozi na-akpata iku ume ma b k na-atr nd, kama
gbochikwara ma ebe ikuku na nke ukwuu carbon dioxide boro. Ugbu a, Ot d,
osisi, site wezgara a gas ya carbon, ya z d mkpa ikuku (oxygen) ago, nke mb e
ji mee ihe maka iku ume na-enwu, dochie anya na-alta otu a mgbe niile hr na
njikere maka mmezi nke nd na ikuku k. N'ihi ya, m anman na osisi zuo ezu
nzube ya r. The osisi na-eku ume nd carbonic acid nke exhales m anman, na
m anman na-eku ume na oxygen, nke exhales osisi; osisi erekaschaala carbon
dioxide na wereziiri siri ike ihe onwunwe, na carbon ya na iwu ahu ya; na anman
ejik nd oxygen na carbon nke ah ah nke na-enye a compound na gas d onwe ya,
ka tufuo a na-eji umi. Ma Ot d, na-atr nd nke nd ma d mkpa.
Mgbe niile, ga-ekwe omume mgbe nile iji jide n'aka na-ekwu ot ah, n'ihi ya, na
nwoke ah pr inwe osisi, osisi b naan eto na mta nwa, ya mere onye pr inwe
nri, na-oge ntoju ka ma ma mkpr, na na onye nke ikuku mgbe niile d cha gaah na-eku ume, na ogwu ghr akwkw nd akwkw nd na ya. Ma a ga-angide
d ka o kwere agbanwe ya na-ekwu na osisi, ka na-eto eto ogwu, green, blooming,
nwere ike ma mkpr, nwoke na m anman naan na-emepta ihe fatlaza na
carbon dioxide nke ikuku, nwere nwoke mgbe niile ochie osisi k; nwere na-m
mmad na anman ot na-eto eto na iriju af na ha na-eme ihe a nile n nd, na ike
napta d ka ihe kwesr ekwes bna nw ire ere ngwaaha nke osisi. Ugbu a,
ga-Ot d, onye bla ga-kas nzuzu kpr ihe kweere na mara mma ma na Artful
n'aka nwoke na m anman d ka b naan eziokwu na ha n'efu, na-na ngwaaha na
mbibi nke na ngwaaha nd osisi na-erite uru; ma i nwere ike h ihe mere na, b
nn ihe nzuzu kwere na osisi mara oke mma na ornate, onye bla wuru nan Ya
mere iji h na n'efu, na-na ngwaaha na mbibi nke ngwaaha na nke a mara mma l
z aba m anman na-erite uru, karsa, ruokwa na tt nd uru-ya b mbibi na
ngwaaha. Ma n'ezie na nke a b obibia nke any rube emekar eju ya af. The vine
b n'ebe ah, n'ihi ya, any etipa ya mkpr van; osisi n'ebe ah na any gbue ya
n'ime ndek na ebe ke oven, na kabeeji n'ihi na eripa ya katapila na any esi nri
ya. Ma b mee any chr na aesthetic echiche na-eme ka any na osisi ka d nd,
ka edowe a otutu aro? The osisi enwe agbanyegh bna d nd site na ya oghe na
oge ntoju anya nke mmad. Ma, olee ot tt osisi na-aga site na-enwegh na-eme
ka echiche bla na on a mmad anya; na tupu mmad bara n'wa n'ihi na tt
millennia toro site na osisi na wa, onye Green na-kpaliri dgh aesthetic mmetta na
mammoth na gba bear. Na n'ihi ihe z na ugbu osisi d ka ihe decked ozu ma b
whited n'l nile, site n'ikwu na ha vivid n'elu ah anya ma b nzube, na-at site na
mpga plaster, mgbe ya dum dnaya nke nke na-raara onwe nan na-mbibi? Nke a na

obibia yiri ihe na-enwegh isi na m naan ga-ah osisi maka bgh soulless ka
ihrerwillen; bu kwa ihe any bu pta wa mmetta n'ebe d anya, na-ekweta, d ka e
kwuru tt ugboro.
-Eme ka mmad site n'zlite, wa dum nwere ihe bla mee ma na-eme ka nke a,
o nwere n'ezie n'z fd nn. Ma Rose, Georgine, esnede a crude, mfe griin haus
ka a d ebube resplendent ifuru na a puku iche toro na N'ezie nke a omenala mmepe,
nwere ike b na eziokwu mgbe na-ekwu ihe bla ma nwoke ah, nke a b naan
ha omenala evolushn na-agba gburugburu; -enwegh nd e nwere ga-ad nn mma
na njuputa, ya mere bara garanya nwere ike ba a mgbanwe n'ime ya; Nwoke naazlite, na-ak ihe na ya. zkwa, ka nke ubi nwere ike b ziri ezi mgbe naekwu, niile e kpudo na eweta ya ya mara mma nt nyere iwu na otu; nwoke d nn
a mere-elu nke eke ngw r na-eduzi n'g ma na-zr ugbo na ihu ma ya, nke
mere na kas ukwuu tt nt nwere ike dr enwetara site na nd si mba z mwakpo
na kas nta ohere. Ee b ikekwe onye ya onwe ya z ak na wetara site elu-m ka
Georgina na hrenfeld; abgh nw ka a kagbuo a ifuru, a agha s a ubi?
Echere m na b na m mmad na m anman na osisi bla z kara nd
Sun, Earth na nwa. nwa-egosi d ka nd kas ebutere mkpa ka mbara usoro, d ka
osisi na usoro d n'wa organic wa. Ma onye na nwa anya, ma na-ah wa na
anyanw jiktara ihe nwa, na-ah onwe ya na etiti ya niile. br na na-amas
anyanw, na-ekwu na na-ezigh ezi;unu, na wa, tghara m. Ma ha ab b nd naezigh ezi, ma b na-ma-nri, d ka chr. Ihu ma, onye bla n'usoro gburugburu
z, dabere ma na-ewe ihe si ele ihe anya na otu ma b nd z; on zuru nd ma
onye ah na-agbaghar ot obere na nke z d ka nd z, ma gburugburu nkt
center nke ike ndda, nke na-anchi anya ozuzu oke nke usoro ihe ah nile. Ya mere,
ihe niile d nd ebute Chineke; ma Chineke n'onwe ya na-anchi anya ya unit, nd na
r nke niile o kere eke. One elekwas anya b bgh naan na-enwegh ike na-taa
adta n'akk nile nke Siri ike.
tt bases na ya kweere n mb n'ihu nke mkpr obi mmad na Chineke gaenwe nn mmad na-enwegh nd d ot ah pr iche na nk na juputa na nd d
ot ah kas nta na-aga n'ihu chr ozugbo, ma br na bgh na ihu ma nke
ebigh
ebia millorar
mkpr
obi; weird, ma br na i nwere ike ikwere na guzobere osisi
Contribuu
la traducci
ah na nd d ot ah ok nlekta na a chr ozugbo amara bna site dgh mkpr
obi.

Text original

XI. At nd d teleology nke osisi wa.

The cutest n'out oge na n'z dabara adaba ohu na na nd nke m anman na
osisi n'wa megide onye bla otu kwadoro gwgw, echiche ama obgewaltet
nyere indisputably ruru teleological reciprocity n'etiti m ahh na osisi na njikta
spam azmaha nke ikpeaz. 1) nye na-adgh iwe ka any site fd nkwa -eso,
nd na-eson fd na-akpali eziokwu na-akwanyere thereto. The banyere okwu a ihe
onwunwe nwere ike b adgh anya mgbe niile ama na e kwuru na aga na ngalaba,

nwere, Ot d, ma fd peculiar akk b.

1)

mkpokta. karsa na isiokwu: Conrad Sprengel, nd chptara nzuzo nke

okike na-ewu na na njikta spam nke okooko osisi. Berlin 1793rd

maara na nd d ok mkpa nd nke osisi Fertilization b na pollen (pollen) si

anthers (anthers) di gwgw akk nke stamens (filaments) ka ihere (ihere), di na
njedebe nke pistil gelange. The anthers na-mmas ma mgbe nile na fd anya site
n'apa ah, 2) na-achta fd osisi ka na-nd pr iche nke mere ka o siere nyefee
okooko osisi j on n'apa.Ime ka nd d ot ah ga o sina d, ugbu a dd emewo
manifold na iju ihe, otu nke oruru nke instincts na nd nke tt m ahh na ekere
k b isi. N'ebe bla na njikta spam azmaha site na osisi onwe ya site n'onye
ah nke na-ewu na nd nke ya akk enwegh ike a ga-egbu n'z kwesr ekwes,
m ahh na-ad njikere inye nwa oge enyemaka site okwu site na ha mmeghari ke
ifuru nyefe nke j si stamens ka ihere , bgh nan na a na butterflies, tt b
(site na genera Cetonia, Elater, Chrysomela, Curculio , wdg), kara b na lacewings
isonye ebe a.
2)

tt n'ime nke a mettara a na-akp monoecious (monoecious osisi) na

dioecious (dioecious osisi), brhaala na ebe a na stamens na pistils d iche
iche (ikwu nwoke na nwaany) okooko osisi na-gnyere. Ihe d iche n'etiti ha
ab b na nwoke na nwaany okooko osisi d bna na otu osisi, na dioecious
na monoecious on d iche iche osisi. The monoecious n'etiti nd z na-agnye
ka, egusi, ugu, Castor, larch, hazel, wdg nd dioecious akwkw nri, hemp,
Bingelkraut, junipa, wdg

tt okooko osisi tt d d ka enyemaka m ahh n'ihi njikta spam, n'ihi na

nd ya okooko osisi, na euphorbias. tt ma anamde naan a d ahh a azmaha,
"n'ihi na" ot Conr. Sprengel-egosipta "nd fdr b nd ma kwa nzuzu ga-ama ebe
nke sap b zoro ezo, na ot ha nwere ike na-abata na otu, ma b br na ha maara
ya, b nd ma oke buru ibu igbe igbe n'ime ifuru nwere ike, ma b oke obere, d ka
nke ha iri ari n'ime mgbe ibit anthers na ihere. " N'ihi ya, d ka Sprengel Nigella
arvensis nan mpta site a, Iris xiphium Ot d nan bumblebees, ma na a nn
d - akp Na Pennsylvania na-emekwa ka a nn obere d Hummingbird, Hummel
Bird, n'ihi na njikta spam nke ahha fd otu r d ka. m ahh site faili
ntanetime na nectar okooko osisi, na nke akpa sinks ya ogologo na-egbusi onu
okuko miri, ebe ijiji site na otu ifuru z bla ugbu a na mgbe ah.(Kalm, ntozu
ok d. Nrdl. America II. 354.)
Nd na-eson nd now jidere iju n'ihe banyere nke a, mmezu n'ime ibe.
Iji mee ka m ahh nd nleta, a mman a containers (ihe akpa,
nectaries) na-kwukwara; nwekwara fd m ahh, d ka a, mmuo, na-anakta
pollen onwe ya. The okooko osisi mgbe ah ss d nn tt mman a ihe

 ma br na ha stamens na scars maka pollination azmaha ojuju d ka

Schkuhr (Handb. II. 84) na Tropaeolum, Delphinium, Helleborus na L. Ch.
Treviranus (Physiol. II. 390) na Anemone , Chrysosplenium na Saxifraga nwere n'z
pr iche okt. The mman a ihe na-achta tt nd na-na n'ala ala, kas
zoro ezo ebe nke ifuru, nke mere na nd m ahh nwere ike ghara inwe ya naenwegh s s na hatching emet njikta spam akk na-eme ka nd pollen na
ihere. Site na obere ntutu nile nke kwesr ekwes nd nd nectaries nd na-emekar
megide mmiri ozuzo ma si ot ah chebere nd dilution nke sap na-enwegh ma ntutu
m ahh kpuchie n. A nnyapade udidi ma b filamentous udidi nke ifuru j
hr ukwuu ya Annexes aka ahu nke m ahh. N'aka nke z d n'akwkw nke
nd on okooko osisi na m ahh n'ebe nile ma a furry uwe nile ah ma b brushy
Frespitzen, ahha-d ka ma ahha-d ka tuft nke ntutu na kw, ma b a peculiar
nzuk nke akk fd, n'ihi nzube nke agba ha pollen mfe. D ka ihe. At, aji aji
ok ozu a na bumble a na nd z na anu-d ka m ahh na n'otu oge ah ime
ihe ike b nke ha kwaga na okooko osisi. The nymphs n'etiti Tagschmetterlingen naaga oftenest okooko osisi, ma biri na ha agagh ogologo, na-ewe ebe a zr az
forefeet ahha ekara ihicha paws onye akpaka ije, ka urukurubba etiede ke ifuru,
mfe nwere ihe ga nke ma na aji ya n'obi cha anya nghta na-adgide adgide pollen
nke mere na dara na ifuru. Na-enwegh ebumnuche bkwa eziokwu na Aristotle
chptara na nd nke hr ekiri gosi na a tt nd na-eleta naan otu d okooko
osisi na ha njem mmta (kw nke KK schles Gesellsch 1823. 174th ..); agaghi asu
ihe pollen nwere ike mfe bna-agafere n'etiti d iche iche, ma d ka d mkpa maka
nzube nke njiko spam, d ka osisi.
D ka na-akwado nwere ike kwuru na nke ikpeaz na-achta nke mb na-facilitated
site peculiar agba, mgbe fd, nd isi nke okooko osisi na meptara dd ihu ngwa
nke m ahh. tt mgbe z ka Nektarien ma b anya colorings (ihe
ugboro) na petals d ka site akara nduzi z na-karsa gosiri. b ezie na m na o siri
ike na-eche na nke a nd na tt nd z nke ukwuu nchegbu nwere mgbe
Conr. Sprengel attaches na ya chptara nzuzo nke okike, ma nwere ya yiri ihe
isiokwu n'ihi na nke hnanya ya nke o banyere ya mmas ha.
na-ekwu banyere nd na-eson (p 15 nke ya odide): "Mgbe ahh, araba site
mma nke Crown ma b site na obi t isi nke a ifuru, arah na otu, n'ihi ya, b ma
na ihe ozugbo maara ma b, n'ihi na nke a emi odude ke a ebe nzuzo. na nke
ikpeaz ikpe na dd aba site na nectar ndu inyere ya aka. nke a mejuptara otu
ma b kara tr, e, Dpfeln n'elu gg nke a d iche iche na agba, d ka okpueze
nwere mgbe, na N'ihi guzo imegide agba na okpu-adgh ike ma b ike si. b
mgbe e, ebe m ahh ga iri ari, ma br na ha chr na-esi na ihe . enwe
mgbe nile okooko osisi a mgbe nile, oge ufodu ihe oge ufodu nectar ndu. mgbe na ihe
akpa site mmeghe site na nke iri ari n'ime m ahh, a na-ewep, mgbe ah,
na-adta nd nectar ndu nke-amalite tupu oghere therethrough ka ihe g, si ot
na-eje ozi na m ahh a nduzi. nwere a ifuru tt ntinye maka ihe g, d
nn ka tt Saftmler. br na a ifuru nwere tt ihe njide, nke
mgbanaka guzo gburugburu ovary, ma b n'ezie nan otu, ma nke n'd a mgbanaka
gbara ya gburugburu na ovary, na ihe nd m ahh na-apgh iri d iche iche

ka mgbe-agba gburugburu na okirikiri banyere otu na ya proboscis na-etinye n'ime

ya; ot ah ka nectar ndu nwere annular udi, na-eduga na m ahh na a
gburugburu. "
"On oge nke ihe z m ga-ekwu okwu nke dgas iche iche nke ihe
okooko osisi, nke, dabere na oge nke bch nke na ha oge ntoju. D nn ka e nwere
m ahh nd na gburugburu raving nan n'ehihie, na nd na-ebu naan n'abal ka ihe
oriri ha, d ka nke ma e nwekwara ehihie na abal okooko osisi okooko osisi. "
"The bch okooko osisi tipasa nke tt. tt n'ime otu nso n mgbede, ma
b belata, ka ha guzo ziri ezi n'bch, ka z mgbanwe n'iru ha, nke mmad nwere
ike ikwubi na e bu n'uche b nan n'ihi na bch m ahh. fd nso ke akpa abal
na-emeghe nd na-eson tt bgh z, ot ah oge ntoju maka naan otu bch,
na tt oge ntoju tt bch ".
"The bch okooko osisi na-chr mma na a nectar ndu, b ezie na bgh ihe
niile."
"N'abal okooko osisi ezumike nke mgbede Mgbe bch kas na-emechi site n'otu,
ma b kpnwr akpnw na unsightly, nke o doro anya na ha abgh maka bch
m ahh fd oge ntoju tt bch; .. The nkt mgbede primrose ( Oenothera
biennis ) blooms ab, ehihie na abal."
"N'abal okooko osisi nwere a buru ibu ma na-egbuke egbuke acha okpueze, nke
mere na ha na-ah n'etiti abal m ahh n'anya. b ya okpueze unsightly, nd a
erugh eru ga-anchi a siri ike n s. A nectar ndu n'aka nke z adgh ewere nd
n'ime ha. N'ihi na br na z. B. na-acha cha okpueze a n'abal ifuru a nectar ndu
z, ma na-egbuke egbuke na agba, ya mere, ga-ah ghara ima na chchr nke abal
megide agba nke okpueze, n'ihi ya ya abagh uru bla. br na o nwere ma a
gbara chchr acha nectar ndu, n'ihi ya, ga-ghara daba anya, buru onye-d ka o
nwegh uru d ka nke ah. "
Fr nke nta keukaochi ghgbuo udomo oro, nke na-ede akwkw site na ihe pr
iche l r d na-egosi Nigella arvensis na onwe ya goro (S, 285 f. Akara Mbinye
aka), nke na-ach kwa kas nta nkwa teleological. na-aj, gnyere nd z,
"Gn b akpatre ifuru d ukwuu ot d, bgh nd z, bgh obere?" Aza :.
"N'ihi dd b na ga-nan nwere akwa site a, n'ihi ya, d ka nwere na-tt, otu
n'ah nke anu Ji ifuru dayameta ugboro ab ka nnukwu, ya mere, guzo na anthers na
stigmata ugboro ab ka elu, a na-agba agba gburugburu n'okpuru otu, na-enwegh
ibit ha. br na ma kara ka ukwuu d ka anthers na stigmata guzo kara ka elu,
ma a agagh emet on a adaba n'z. na ma ikpe ga-mere-njikta spam agagh
ekwe omume ma b nke ukwuu na man. nn ka ok ifuru nwere na-na, b ezie
na a nwere ike fr nke nta, ma bgh nn kpamkpam akpaghar n'etiti anthers
na stigmata. na dd nd a okooko osisi kpebisiri ike d nn ka a ka ha nan
fertilizing n'ime ha, yikarr. m mgbe hinbegeben ka ubi nke osisi na-eto eto, na ezi
ihu igwe, ma dgh mgbe nd z m ahh na okooko osisi hr d ka a. "
" Stapelia hirsuta " na-ekwu S. 148, "jgburu onwe ya nan ka sluts, ot ah ka
an na Luder ofufe, ebe a s d ezigbo t, ga otu na ifatilaiza. A na bumblebees

b otu bgh ga na na-ha n'ihi na ha d ot ah a s t as. "

Ebe a b fd ihe mma a kapr n banyere weere na nd nke nectaries
nzube echiche na-Reichenbach si akwkw nta na nchekwa umu nke wa (p.27):
"Tlee Honiggrbchen na mman a akprkpa kas mfe guzobere buttercups;
okooko osisi na-emeghe mgbasa, na ntinye nke m ahh na-ad mfe; nn olulu
bna na-edina miri emi nke d n'ala ala epupta nke ifuru, ebe stamens banyere ha .
hinbeugen nd buttercups b m ahh na-adabere si ngalaba nke ebe na kara
elytra; kas nta Staphylinen, Anthophagen, Omalien n'ihu nd kas nta butterflies na e
nwere, si n'ezinl nke nla, gold kenkowaputa kophoren na ebube na obere Adelen
ezie na nke a obere. kere eke gaa na Honiggrbchen, chekwaa stamens na ikuku, nke
mere na ha anthers ibit outstretched n'etiti n'apa ah, ot ha an na ifuru mgbe naemechi, na mgbe ah na-and na na anthers na scars, mgbe ot tt mgbe, na ha
jupta dum ifuru. na umbellifers nd Nektarien glandular dd, bgh nn zoro
ezo gha gha, na ha okooko osisi na-enm ke a gbelu, ya mere site na a moderately
nnukwu aru tt nwere ike metr n'out oge, ya mere, lee ama z m ahh
langfige Lepturen, a na aji aji ahu na b a ihe yiri nke ah guzobere, nke, na
aru dum dokwara aji aji ahha, a akk buru ibu nke ihe umbel okooko osisi mee ihe
n'otu oge; Ya mere okooko osisi nd b obere mpempe akwkw na-agha gha
ewepgh, scars na j akpa ma na ogologo na pr hr n'elu mmiri ah. Ebe
nectaries b ma ihe zoro ezo, nakwa d ka nd na-ewu nke ifuru b m ahh na
kwesr ekwes onye ah kwesr aba na kntakt na ha. The egbugbere n ya
okooko osisi na tubular okooko osisi nke ha mman a ara kwa miri ihu ma, nke
d n'ala ala ya tube, na stamens nr na n'ime mgbidi ya, na anthers na-agha gha iji
ebe agbasap na tube, ma si ot o kwere omume na nd karsa na n'ihu nke ahu ya aji
aji m ahh na-eji ire ya na-emet nd nectaries, mgbe ya aj an kpuchie brisket
nkpuru j ibe nke nd anthers, na-akzi na creep si na okwu e mesr j ihere. Nke a
na-eme ka o kwe ka bun Bombylien na-eleta nd a na d okooko osisi, primroses,
Pulmonarien, ghouls na ihe nd yiri, ebe tupu ifuru-ese n'elu mmiri, na-enwegh
ndr ala na ya, na mman a ara ebu copulation. "
b ezie na, d ka b n'ebe nd z na gw nke uwa, bgh na-adabere na ihe
g n'lnga naan, na-ahap n'okpuru tt ego maka otu nzube d nn now a anya
ebukargh na, Fertilization b na tt osisi na-enwegh na-eji m ahh na- nke
z ptara na o kwere omume; ma nke a aka b bara uru bla, na n'ihi na fd,
nke kpomkwem ihe e mesiri ike na nke a ptara n'ezie d ok mkpa. Ya mere, fd
mba z okooko osisi-angide n'enwegh akwa na any, n'ihi na ha nwere si Southern
Hemisphere any, ma ugbu a oge ha nke okooko, nke b any oyi oge, ka rube isi any
greenhouses, ebe a ga-enwegh m ahh, nke enyere ya pollination nwere
ike. fd nwere ike ike mpta ha nwere n mba site a m ahh, nke na-adgh
ebi na any mpaghara. (E. Sprengel, EntD. Gaa. 44.) bna m amaala osisi nwere
ike ebe a na-eme kwekr ekwek kwuru anya. Ya mere, n'z d rba ama enyn
Gardeners na-adgh elegh anya na-amalite na egusi na kukumba akwa, b nke e
weere mechiri emechi, mkpr osisi, n'ihi na m ahh na-enwe na ar pollen
nwere ike ghara inwe onwe ha ihere. N'agbanyegh na Iris umu Malvazeen, nd
okenye ( Sambucus ), Violets ( Viola s t (.), The mistletoe augustum Abroma ), na

Osterluzei umu ( Aristol. Clem . Ma sipho ) kwesr mere njikta spam naan na
enyemaka nke m ahh. (Klreuter, Vorluf. Msg. 21 32. Nke ab cont. 70.)
Karsa, Ot d, nd asclepiadeans na orchids na-ebe a na-at anya.
M na-ebe a na-eson na nkwupta nke Schleiden: "Karsa na ab isi osisi
ezinl, nd asclepiadeans, nke b nke Siria milkweed, na orchids na ch otu
njedebe ya d ebube, yi butterflies na whimsical wuru m ahh na okooko osisi na
iru mmiri nd nke ebe okpomk na oke ohia - t ab ah osisi karsa na-egosi
brkwa aka nke m ahh nke yiri osisi. n'ihi na ha, nd pollen nke bla j akpa
na-glued n site lime-d ka umi n'ime a uka na hangs nectar-ach m ahh ot ike
ka ha ghara itu ya nwere ike. mman a containers na-ndokwasa na a n'z na
okooko osisi na m ahh, na-abata na otu, d mkpa anya ga-eyip gara aga n'apa
ah, ot ah ka pollen a na-ewebata ya. tt mgbe, pr h na Milkweed ofufe
creep banyere na nwere a ukwuu nke nd d ot ah tee n'n n ekara pollen-pta
mmas ka kw, na n'ebe fd a nna mara a peculiar ra ha na-arsi r e kere
eke na n'n n ra na mejuptara ihe z kara na tt pollen pta orchids na
kpiso nke a na pinned na ha na-efe efe agagh ekwe omume na ha si eme ya
dabeere.(Schleiden, The Plant. 70.)
Na fd okooko osisi, usoro mere bna karsa d rba ama n'z; n'ihi ya, mgbe
Osterluzei ( Aristolochia Clematis ). Ebe a b ifuru nke a bulbous ala, elu-ndebe
ibido nso, mgbe ah megide dull ire ekara ihu n z tube nke b na-emeghe tupu
njikta spam n'ime ya na ntutu na-niile eduzi ala. The anthers nd na-enwegh
stamens n'okpuru ovary, na site n'onwe ya nwere ike site na ha enwegh osisi j gaesi na ihere. Mgbe Conr. Sprengel iri ari ma mgbe ifuru emeghewo, obere anwu nt
na feathery antennae ( Tipula pennicorais ) na ifuru tube; na n'ala ntutu egbochi ha
ime nloghachi njem. Ya mere, ha nuputa gburugburu na bulbous akk nke tube ruo
mgbe ha na nd feathered antennae si ot yip mkpr j nke anthers ma dba na
ihere. tt mgbe ha na-egosi na nile powdered, br na bee okooko osisi na
oge. Ozugbo b njikta spam mere, gee nt na engines nke ihe si corolla nk
ntutu na ada oyi, obere ijiji na-agbapta agbapta az ha n'l mkpr.
Man kpr tlee nke a; pr n'ezie na-eche na mmetta e kere eke na-weghaara
ebe a na ihu ma nke ir, ogologo oge a tr mkpr na-an ruo mgbe na-emezu
nzube ya maka nke ikpeaz?
Na genus Eupomatia nile njik n'etiti anthers na ihere site n'ime nwaany aga ifurud ka Filaments ebuliwo, ma na-emepta site na m ahh nke erepa nd na-eme
ka zuru ok stamens ma ankwa n'udo. (R. Brown, Verm, bot. Schr. I. 140.)
Ime nke agbakas stamens nke Berberis na-agbagha gbak na stamens na-kpatara
kntakt nke m ahh ma b nd yiri ha., Ka ibughara na nku ahu oji n'aka. z
z, nd na-eje ozi, nakwa mfe site na m ahh inducing ihe mkpali ije nke
Genitaliensule nke Stylidium ma b mkps si Goldfussia nzube (lee n'elu). Na
Stylidium nd n n'elu Genitaliensule anthers wepr na a steeti ok nke n'apa ah,
kama gakwuru ya, na-awkwas ha pollen on fd ntutu na-eto n'ba on n'elu nke
na klm na, ma na ala-kpebisiri ala nke klm n'okpuru n'apa b. Ugbu a Fast
klm site emet ahh ma b nd yiri ha. N'd elu, ot bgh naan nwere ike si

ot j mfe a ga-tr nke ntutu on n'apa ah, ma ntutu nwekwara mgbe e mesr,
n'oge d mma nd, nd pollen si n'elu n'apa idebe. (Morren na mem. De l'acad. De
Brux. 1838.) Ke Goldfussia ngaghar nke mkps na-eji mee ka n'apa na fd ntutu
nke corolla na kntakt, nke pollen nke anthers ka ihere j amanye onwe ya dara ke
akk site n'onwe ya, na-wetara nwere obere m ahh. Morren-ahkar obere
ndanda na nd okooko osisi banye n'ime, na-eweta pollen ka ntutu na ngaghar nke
mkps akpata (ebendas. 1839. p.17). The mmekrta nke ihe mkpali ije maka
mmekah r na-apta h ab osisi akpan akpan doro anya na ogwe b naan na
mgbe oge ah.
A yiri hara nhata osisi na m anman d ka na ha nwekr mmekah
teleological any na-ah peculiar expedient n'aka osisi onwe ha z. Ndokwa e mere
na nke a maka mmezi na mmeputakwa nke osisi ezi d ka nke ma d ka m
anman. Nke b eziokwu ah n'onwe ya na m anman n'otu aka n'ezie eme ihe
d ka a enyemaka, z, kama b naan d ka a enyemaka, na-achikta bna
n'okpuru nd ke omumu usoro nke osisi n'ime play, na-art aka a d mkpa n'anya
onwe nke usoro a maka osisi. Otu na tt n'aka izute kwuru nzube, m anman
b nan d nn otu oke. Na nd z n'aka maka otu nzube na-adgh mere ndokwa ji
nk obere obere ka enyem-aka nke m ahh. Ma ihe niile a ga-on uma nke ihe efu
gimmick, br na chr osisi na-adgh itinye ihe bla z ptara ije ozi d ka
naan mba z na nzube.
b ezie na mmad pr ikwu: dgh angide ma bla ikpe efu gimmick? B
ihe niile any na-akp nke a ga-adaba adaba, ma n'ezie nan kara mma nke a dum
mgbaka na-aghagh ad ukwuu, dabere knstlicherer ptara na d mkpa iji wep
ha? gagh ndidi nd kacha na ugbu expedient, brhaala na pollination nke ihere
nke pistil ka ifatilaiza bna d mkpa ka pollen h n'apa ma b na-eto nso ha kama
ime ya ikewap anthers na mgbe ihe isi ike nke nnyefe imubanye, na-mgbe ah a
chr nan pr iche enyemaka nd d ime ka ha ma banyere?
nye na-ekwu okwu ot ah, na-egosi na o nwere mgbe mm nke teleology nke
okike jiktara anagh eme nke ma. Full ma i nwere ike s ya mere, ga-ab nd
kacha na kacha adaba ugbu a kemgbe na any na-eto eto na apl n'n ya dd ike,
kama na ha naan nyere any aka, kwa ogologo site n'ebe d anya; ma b any na ulo
nile dechara Nd, kama naan enye any nwee uche ziri ezi na uche, na-ewu ha onwe
any? Gn mere na ha ka any ebi na-eme ihe bla fdr onwe ya? Azza ya b,
nan n'ihi chch na-ach ihe nile nke a na-adgh sn any fr nke nta okokre, ka
mkpr obi any na-egosipta mmetta na-agbalsi na-egosipta ga-; na tt e
nwere, ihe any ga nwere, na-enwegh ka nwere tt z nke mmetta na chch
nke mkpr obi kwere omume. Site na nke a chptara na site na ha naan iji naenweta iche iche ego etinyere dd na-eche banyere nzube nke njiko spam na osisi
n n'ebe d anya ma na-enweta site n'etiti mmetta, a ezi uche nkwa; ma n'out oge
herewith kwuo maka-ar a mkpr obi na osisi; n'ihi na bgh na mkpr obi na
osisi ar r, d ka b n'ezie dgh ot ah aga na mgbe ah ma wuru na-eru mmezu
nke nzube enwegh ihe bla ezi uche d na akpr ihe; ma na ha nwere mkpr obi,
d ka bla z d nnofega na ex post nweta ebumnobi ga-egosipta a d iche iche
chere mkpa na ibe Spiet nke af ojuju maka mkpr obi.

Site na nke a n'ozuzu mgbe, ihe at nd ga-enwe isi n'anya any; nke m n'ezie ike a
chr, na any na nke a ptara ya nwere ike dee na ihe nkowa maka maara ihe
gbasara mm na onye ah.
N'ozuzu, any na-ah na n'nd fd osisi z n'ezinl gw n mmezu nke
nzube, n'etiti nd z, na-agnye ihe na-akpagh aka; yiri ka af ju mkpa nke nd
mmad chioma na nk na mgbanwe otosr iru nwere k. Obi t na-agnye a ukem
ini; ma site na oge Mmiri na-ezo aka ime nke ma bla owuwe ihe ubi.
Ifufe na ike ndda na-sonye na akant d ot ah n'z na ha nwere n'apa-atba na
pollen. The ga nke ma nwere ike ghara fd; ma, bna ma br na bgh ihe
niile na pollen rute ihere, mgbe ah, n'ihi na ya na nd d ot ah af ojuju ma na nke
a b na-adgh mkpa, n'ezie, ga-ab ihe megidere nzube ya.
Na hibiscus trionum Klreuter gua 4863 pollen grains na a ifuru, nke gzuru na nke
kacha mma oge nke af 50 ruo 60 n'ihi na Fertilization. Mgbe Mirabilis Jalappa b
site nile 5 anthers na pollen grains 293 na M. longiflora 321; ma ma ikpe nd a zuru
njikta spam 2 to 3 baa ba pollen zuru ezu.
The mmetta nke ike ndda pr chta availed na-eso z. Mgbe upstanding ifuru
na pistil b na-emekar nn mkpmkp ke nghta ifuru aka ogologo oge na ikwu na
stamens, na anthers na pollen na a ga d ka wsa n'apa n'aka nke z, n'elu nke (ma
br na d mkpa, ub apaji). Mgbe bgh mgbe nile ot; ma soro dd d ka nke
a mmekrta. Nn mma show, gnyere nd z, na Aloearten nke osisi, ebe pistil
sikwa n'of stamens, iji d ot ah. N'ihi na ha ifuru guzo n'ihu okooko ka mgbe
okooko na ikuku, ma d nn nghta na n'oge njikta spam. Otu a na-achta
na Asperifolien ot Cerinthe, Borago, Symphytum, Onosma , Pulmonaria ,
tt Liliazeen , z. B. Galanthus, Erythronium, Lilium, Hemerocallis, Fritillaria, Lily
Of The Valley na Nd z
Otu ihe nwere ya, mgbe, ot mgbe na monoecious osisi ah, nke ok okooko osisi
na-elu njedebe nke nt, d ka. D ka ihe at, na genus arum , ma b nwoke spikes
(catkins) na-d n'elu nwaany, d ka na sedges ( Carex ), cattail ( Typha ), wdg
Nke ifufe na njikta spam azmaha na-ewe mmas, ga-enwe obi ab, ma br
na onye na-echeta ot na-pollen na-aga n'ihu na nnukwu quantities, nke ah
precipitates na mberede mmiri ozuzo na-akp brimstone. tt osisi, nnyefe ikuku
ma b m ahh ka na-ad mfe n'ihi na okooko osisi na-anaktara ezigbo onye
agbata obi na-a ifuru isi, a g ma b umbel b. Ya mere, gaa bgh nke ukwuu
pollen na-efu.
Blooming cornfields hr na anyanw, mgbe a nway ifufe f, bp ke a mkpa
all, di, na-eme pollen nke emeghe okooko osisi, nke, chpr site eti eti elu nke
oko ka ya containers a onu. zkwa enyn r ugbo chr maara na ka bgh
mkpr attaches ya, ghara iji zuru ezu kar mkpr, d ka ma br na heyday a
brisk ifufe. Pines, Taxbume, junipa na hazel, poplar, willow, br na ha ebubo
ehicha kitten, maa jijiji ma b kpaliri site na ifufe, na-ejuputa ikuku na a gw ojii
nke j, nke na-eme nwetr ifufe. Mkpa karsa b na enyemaka nke ifufe na
monoecious na bna na-(bna ihe mgbe) dioecious, na mb ha, d ka e kwuru,

nwoke akk nke nwanyi iche iche na otu osisi, nke ikpeaz on d iche iche osisi
d. Ke kiet ke otu Treviranus na Mercurialis perennis gw nwa nwere e guzobere
mkpr bla ma br na nwany b 220 nzkw nke nwoke ma na-iche site na
l na bushes n'ime ha; Ot d, mere mgbe d anya b naan 30 kw. (D ka-ekiri
Jussieu ab pistachio osisi.) Na nnwale nke Spallanzani niile ovaries nke
nd Mercurialis annuampta mgbe nne osisi na-esote nwoke b ok, na-erugh
br na b obere si n'ebe ah, na bgh mgbe a bukwanu anya ( Treviranus,
Phys. II. 391. 393).
Na ifufe ha aka mmewere na njikta spam, ka ya onwe ya na-echeta ma br na
bgh mmiri e ji mee ihe site na okike na-. Na n'ezie, n'agbanyegh na ngwa nke
mmiri na-eburu akpan akpan isi ike, nke na any ga-atle mgbe e mesr, nke nwere
ma na dd ha maara ha ga-emeri fd; na any na-ah na Ambrosinia mmiri ozuzo
njikta spam ji site spathe ndochi, nd pollen emepta n'okpuru n'apa nri eluakplite; na Vallisneria kama mmiri nke osisi na-etolite, r nwanyi, nwoke
akk. Any na-ah na mmetta nke mmiri e si n'elu na si n'okpuru, na vetikal na
kehoraizin ntziaka na-azr. The r na Vallis na-enye ma bgh na-akpali
mmekrta b ihe b n aha mgbal iji mata.
"The spathe nke Ambrosinia . E mere gb mmiri-yiri na-egwuru na mmiri site
pistin, nku-d ka gaghkwa ewebata nd ekpe ka spathe ruo a obere onu, na spathe
ekewa a ka elu na ala, Atiya uwa ke untern b nan nd anthers, ke n'elu otu ovary. na
pollen nwere ike ghara iru na uz z n'apa ah, ugbu a ka na mmiri ozuzo na ala
kara n'n l d n'elu juptara n'ime, adru ese n'elu mmiri pollen ebuliwo ka lar
nke n'apa na nke a nwere ike gbala akpa. " (Schleiden, Grundz. II. 450.)
The Vallis na-a na-eto eto na bays na wa nke ndda Europe mmiri osisi na iche
iche mmekah (Dizist), nke bi na n'aka multiple mgbrgw b ofu n'ala na ala
nke mmiri. Na nwany ifuru pue d na a ogologo, na-eto eto ta stalks, ma e mesa
erukwa, ka ifuru n'af n'elu mmiri, na njikta spam site na mmiri nwere ike
n'ihu. Mgbe mere njikta spam ya azuokokoosisi shortened z site tkwas ya
ghasa amama z bla z. Nke a na-eto eto mkpr osisi na-laghachi na ala nke
mmiri na-eme ka nkpuru ruo ntozu ok n'ebe ah.
Nke omume nke nwoke osisi n'oge njikta spam nke Vallisneria mb e tinyere nnu
na ose dt nwee, na otu onye okt ot ah ihe oyiyi bna ke ndondo odide ugboro
ugboro. "The okooko osisi nke nwoke osisi, ha na-ekwu, d ka ogologo oge d ka ha
na-eto, ngidere na obere ga nwere ihu ma, mmiri; na ok ma ma bna n'ebe ha
stalks, sere n'elu n'elu mmiri elu, o see n'elu na-emeghe gburugburu na-efesa nt
nwanyi okooko osisi, ha na-eme n'ebe ah, "(Autenrieth Ans. 254.) na-bna na
ekwu na nke a nkewa nke nwoke okooko osisi site na ga na-eme ihe ike ije Mmeri
(Goethe Ges. Werke . Vol. 55. p 129). D ka adbegh anya mm, nd curators na
Botanic ubi na Mantua, Paolo Barbieri, ma b kpmkwem omume na-eson: nwoke
onye nwere ogologo ausstrebenden aro nke, otu ugboro ya eruo elu nke mmiri ya
n'n a vierbltterige (ikekwe dreibltterige) spathe iche-iche nke nwoke omumu
akk (stamens) nr d mmas ka a conical karama. Site karama na omumu akketo, ikpu-agh ezughi oke na-envelop ha; Ya mere na-ekewa n'ime an n'akk, na

omumu akk, ka tt puku nd pistin peels, gbasaa-ese n'elu mmiri na mmiri, naach ka lacha na-acha cha flakes, "nke na-agbalsi ike mgbe nwanyi onye naekwu okwu ma na-agbal". ma nke a adahade si na ala nke mmiri site na mmiri na ike
nke ya gburugburu azuokokoosisi belata, wee meghee n'elu a nkebi at okpueze, nke
onye na-ah at scars. The ese n'elu mmiri na mmiri flakes duk ha Staminalstaub
megide nd stigmas na ifatilaiza ya; a na-eme, mgbe ah gburugburu azuokokoosisi
nke nwanyi retracts n'okpuru mmiri, ebe now na osisi, na a cylindrical Capsule, gaa
na nwere oke ok. (Goethe Ges. Werke. Vol. 55, S, 127.) The zubere "mgbal na
mgbal" nd ikom b akk nke nne ifuru az ga-elegh anya na mberede na-emi
odude naan na pr ichet n'echiche nke na-ekiri ekiri. Echegh m na chr eke
okwu nke nd nke osisi zuzudichten ihe ka ha na-aghta mkpr obi kwuru banyere
ya.
bna na Serpicula verticillata L., otu aa na mmiri nke East Indies osisi na iche
iche sexes, esighi ike na nwoke okooko osisi mgbe ha na-agbasa nso, si meghee
spathes anya na igwu mmiri na nwaany, ebe nd Atmat nke apaji-az chalices na
petals na-ezu ike. (Roxb. Corom. II. 34. t, 164.)
Akpaka aka nke osisi maka njikta spam azmaha na-enweta nwere obere site a
n'z pr iche nke uto usoro retara, nwere obere site af ofufo mmeghar nke
omumu akk.
fd ziri ezi okooko osisi ebe n'apa on ogologo mkps b ya mere elu n'elu
(mgbe strapless) anthers na njikta spam yiri gagh ekwe omume, na anthers oghe
mgbe ifuru nwa osisi ma, ma na-ada nso. Mgbe ah meghere anthers edina na na
n'z zuru ezu meptara n'apa. Nan mgbe agbasa mkps akp. Ya mere,
mgbe Proteazeen, Kampanulazeen , ttPapilionazeen , na hermaphrodite okooko
osisi nke Syngenesisten na Nymphaea, Hypericum, Argemone, Papaver, Paeonia,
Oenothera, Impatiens, Ocymum, Canna , wdg (Treviranus, Phys. II. 378.)
Na osisi nd z, akpa anya omumu akk ga-eme bu ibu nke ifuru akk nke nta
nke nta nke mere n na Fertilization b na o kwere omume.
The af ofufo ije nke omumu akk-emet, n'ihi ya, b tt nd stamens nkeakpali nway nway na oge nke Fertilization ka nku ahu oji n'aka, wukwasi on
ihere nke pistil ha pollen wee laghachi ha na nd. Ma tt mgbe, pistil migrates
na stamens; na nd z ka na, ma na-ach on apta. (Tlee .Mgbe Treviranus, Biol.
Ma b. 349. V. 204. Treviranus, Physiol. D. Family II. 379.)
The mb na klas, nke gaa nso na stamens na pistil, na-agnye: kaktus Opuntia,
Fritillaria Peraica, Hyoscyamus aureus, Polygonum Orientale, Tamarix gallica, Ruta
graveolens nachalepensis, Zygophyllum Fabago, Sedum
telephium na reflexum , Tropaeolum, Lilium superbum, Amaryllis formosissima , ma
aka l g maritimum, Parnassia palustris, Geum urbanum Agrimonia
eupatoria tt d nke Ranunculus na Scrofularia, Rhus coriaria , Saxifraga
tridactylites, Sax. muscoides, Sax. Aizoon, Sax. granulata, Sax. cotyledon wdg Klas
nke ab, nke na-akpali nd pistil na stamens, na-agnye: Nigella sativa, Olee
Americana, Passiflora, Candollea, Hypericum , Oenothera, hibiscus, Turnera
ulmifolia wdg Nke at, ebe ibe prospecting-ewe ebe: Boerhavia diandra , na d nile

nke Malva, Lavatera , Althaea na Alcea (Treviranus).

The stamens nke fd osisi hr ha gaa nso na nku ahu oji n'aka a mgbe nile
meren: Na Lilium superbum, Amaryllis formosissima na ma aka l g
maritimum -eru nso nke anthers inwe nke n'apa. Na Fritillaria persica ha Flex
alternately na mkps si. Na Rhus coriaria ab ma b at stamens ebuli n'out oge
na-emepta, na-akwa a nkeji iri na ise gburugburu na-eme ka ha anthers nn nso
n'apa. Na Saxifraga trydactylites, muscoides, Aizoon, granulata na cotyledon tilt ab
filaments si n'akk d n'elu n'apa ruo taa, na-agbasa mgbe ha chusaworo ha j, z,
na-aga n'ihi nd z. Na Parnassia palustris , nwoke akk na-akpali nd inyom na
otu n'usoro malite na nke matures na mkpr nke j, ya b, mgbe ha na-agakwuru
nd n'apa ngwa ngwa na mberede, mgbe ha gbap mgbe njikta spam site n'otu z
na at paragraf. Na Tropaeolum na nd ibido ub curved filaments na zuru ma ifuru
otu mgbe z na d elu na bends mgbe anther emewo ama esn ha j n'apa ah, ala
z ka eme ka onye z ohere.
Ikpeaz agwa b echeta kara any. "Olee nke nwere ike mgbe nile na ihe isi ike na
njikta spam (ekwu Treviranus) dd mgbe o nwere zuru ike na na ojiji nke ya ego,
nke a abgh eziokwu n'ihi na. Ihe Nlereanya nke ak osisi, maara nd imeri, ma naotu n'ime ha b na iji, ma b site na ijikta ha z. ya mere any na-ah mgbe nd
pollen, nke na-ekpughe ya udi na agba, na n'apa ah, na-enwegh inwe ike ezipta na
z nke dd bla wetaara ya n'ebe ah "
"Link-ele anya na Valeriana dioica niile scars kpuchie pollen, nke nwere ike na-ada
naan site na ifufe ma b site na m ahh. Na Lilium Martagon nweta stamens na
pen naan mgbe oghere nke ifuru ha muta na ntozu ok. The saidwees curved n'apa
b mgbe ah nke anthers wepr ma, "na-ekwu Treviranus," m hr ya na 12 okooko
osisi na ji nway nway malite n'ihu m, otutu kpuchie bara bara pollen, naenwegh m nwere iji dee, d ka m ma br na usoro nke dd m ahh na-ele
anya r n'aka, na osisi e echebe site na ifufe site ha ala. yiri kwuru nwere ike d na
Klreuter na Sprengel. "
E wezga isi nzube iji nye aka nke Nwere Ifuru j na n'apa ah, e nwere nd na
ab echiche na-abata echiche n'oge njikta spam, af ju na mgbe nn iju z site
peculiar l r na-ewu na nd usoro nke osisi.
The pollen ma b pollen b n'ezie obere, mm-jupta blisters, nke, gelangend
on ihere nke pistil, ba kwa ogologo eri-d ka hoses, nke na-etolite site ogologo nke
pistil site na uji eze (ovary gba) na mmiri mmiri dnaya na ovule, na internally
ansitzt na na gba, fertilized. N'ezie nke a na-apgh mere mgbe pollen egosipta
agbawaala mb ma na-ego n'anya Bibie nke ya mmiri mmiri dnaya. Ihe ize nd a
na-nyere site na kntakt na mmiri site pollen grains na-achkar inu nd zaa ya na
wupu; na ma igirigi ma mmiri ozuzo, d ka akpan akpan eke nd nke tt aquatic
osisi na-ewetara nd d ot ah a n'ihe ize nd. Against a ikekwe nwere ike na-echebe
site a waterproofing, waxy mkpuchi nke pollen nke fd osisi; ebe b na any na
fd nd mmiri n'onwe ya mgbe njikta spam echekwa hr aka na-enye aka; a b
nan ihe karr otu n'ime z iji kpochap ihe ize nd. N'nd nd z, nwere ike
ghara inwe na pollen ize nd site ifuru akpa gw na kwesr ekwes n'z megide

mmiri ma b mmiri mmiri, ma b ha ibu rnyere ya.

Ya mere, na-emechi tt osisi ha Corolla mgbe mmiri ga-ezo; tt na-eme ya
bna n'abal, iji zere ka igirigi, nd z uta-n'uhuruchi ah Blumenstielchen ka, ya
mere na n'n okpueze na-zagh. The nkt balsam ( Impatiens noli m tangere ) odbe
bna n'abal ya okooko osisi n'okpuru epupta. tt okooko osisi njikta spam
n'okpuru nchebe nke pr iche n'uko a na-eme, ot ah ka osisi van na Rapunzel
umu, nd urukurubba ifuru, egbugbere n ya okooko osisi, Katyptranthes d 3) ,
etc.; na osisi fd hr njikta spam ama ke dgh ma agbajikwa ifuru nwa osisi
kama, z. B. nd bluebells na urukurubba okooko osisi, ma b na-eme na oge nke
na-agbasa bna, na nke a na-eme naan na akr ihu igwe. tt na-emekwa ka
mgbanwe nd nke okooko osisi nke ifufe, nke tt nd na-esokwa mmiri ozuzo,
na a gagh banye n'ime, nke CC Sprengel egosipta na 165 S. beech nyere a doro
anya echiche. Penetrates n'agbanyegh tt mmiri na n'ime akk nke okooko osisi,
nke mere na njikta spam obp adgh; Ya mere regnerischte ihu igwe na-mere-adgh
anabata site r ugbo n'oge ntoju mkpr na ka.
3)

Mgbe vine na Rapunzel umu ( Phyteuma ) d mettara ha Atmat petals

nke a n'uko; on urukurubba ifuru ( Leguminosae ), Nleta klt
( vexillum ); na Labiatae ( Labiatae ), na n'elu egbugbere n nke corolla, on
Kalyptranthes iche nke cover ekara calyx, wdg (Decandolle, Phys. 11, 82.)

Nke otu mmas Ot d b z nke na-etinyere na fd aquatic osisi na-ebu nd

insemination nke mwepu mmiri.
The Wassernu, Trapa natans L ., Germinates na ala nke mmiri na-amalite na-eto
eto n'okpuru a; ma ozugbo eru nso nke heyday, ot tr nd petiole ka a cellular,
stuffed na af. Nke a af ekara petioles b a d akwukwo ROSE n'akk baruo nso
bulie osisi na-elu nke mmiri; okooko ewe ebe ikuku, na nakwa d ka okooko oge d
n'ofe, na egosipta jupta (n'okpuru absorption nke ikuku) z na mmiri na osisi dara
az na ala nke mmiri, woselbst,-ewetara ya nkpuru ruo ntozu ok. (Decand. 11. 87.)
The Utrikularia iche na-enye bna n inye ogwuura oruru. The mgbrgw, ma
b kama nd submerged epupta nd a osisi na-nn ukwuu branched na na otutu
obere gburugburu akpa ( utricle ) nwere, nke na-nyere na a d ibughari mkpuchi. Eto
eto Utrikularien nd a akpa na-at imi, nke d ar kara nke mmiri, na osisi-angide
ngidere a gb d ar na ala nke mmiri. Ugbu a, mgbe eru nso nke heyday, osisi
atanyekwa ikuku na penetrates n'ime akpa na imi si akw gbala site mkpuchi naebulikwa; mgbe osisi a kwadebere n'z d ot a na otutu egosipta nke juptara na
ikuku, n'ihi ya, adahade ji nway nway na elu na floats on ikpeaz n'elu mmiri
nke mere na oge ntoju nwere ike rr na n'z. B heyday kubiri ume, na-akpata
amalite z na-secrete imi, na nke a na-ewe ke hoses ebe ikuku: na ot a osisi d ar,
rr ar nke ukwuu na ala nke mmiri na-ewetara ha osisi n'otu ebe nd tozuru ok,
kwesr b nke otu mgbasa z. (Decand. II. 87.)
Na nd z na mmiri na osisi, na nzube na-ad mfe enweta na ha adgh oge ntoju

kama nwere na--ha ga-eru elu nke mmiri; . Mere eg kas Potamogeton - umu na
mints ( menthae ), mmiri Eggen ( Carices aquaticae ), ebinta isi ( Sparganium ), wdg
bna n'okpuru mmiri nwere ike na fd osisi njikta spam ma na-echebe na-aga
megide mmiri n'ihu ya.
Ok osimiri ahihia ( Zostera marina .), Ka ihe at b ofu site na mgbrgw ya na
ala nke ok osimiri, na ike zuru ezu akp iru elu nke mmiri; ma e nwekwara blooms na
a mpempe akwkw mpachi ( duplicature de feuille ) nke, b ezie na-emeghe ka
anyanw, ma a fd ego nke osisi retains bna inventoried ikuku, nke mere na a
gba nch na nd inyom okooko osisi nwoke okooko osisi ozugbo naan site na
ikuku, gburugburu mmiri.
On Water crowfoot ( Ranunculus aquaticus ), nke, b ezie na n'ezie zuru na
ikuku, ma ya ifuru na-gr h nke ihe ize nd nke elu mmiri, b imikpu, na-mere
na nke a mgbochi. Ramond na Batard d na d mmiri nd na mberede na-eto eto
okooko osisi a osisi submerged site wwa mmiri, na-enwegh mebie ka
Fertilization. Nke a na-adabere na nke bu eziokwu na nd pollen n'oge eche nche na
ka anthers, mgbe ifuru ka na-egosi d ka a mechiri emechi na * Tkwas na ikuku
nwere nwa osisi. August de St. Hilaire na Choulant nwere on sere n'elu mmiri
plantain ( Alisma natans ) na cartilage ogwu ( Illecebrum verticillatum ) aghta yiri
phenomena. (Decand. II. 84.)
-Adgh ala teleological mmas kara njikta spam usoro nke osisi nwekwara anchi
anya otu agha site na-elekta nke okike, ka e meere ha ngwaaha nke osisi mkpr
obi wee gehends, d ka o doro anya na-aptakwu nime ya; b ezie na e ji nke a
n'z d ukwuu kpmkwem ot a na-apgh na sensations nke osisi n'onwe ya namettara, karia ihe ndi yiri nke nd njikta spam usoro.
" bgh gbak" na-ekwu Autenrieth (echiche nke eke na nd ime mm p.257),
"nchegbu tt nd mammals na nnn, nd nke nwoke, ozugbo ha agaghkwa mkpa
enyemaka ha na-achpligh si ya,-egosi, ka, br na niile n'otu ebe chikta
ngidere, na Thrifty nri ikpeaz, nke cultured agbr mmad site ya mmej ya mgbe
tara ahh n'ihi n'iwu nile, d ka dehiscent Capsule European odo balsam,
nd Impatiens noli m tangere L ., yiri ka a ga gbak site nke mkpr na-wfu ya
n'z, ma b d ka n'ibu udi nke nko, tt osisi na-nyere aka na ya na-adru nwa
oge m anman na-doghachi na-eyi nd n n'ebe d anya, ma b nd manifold
akp nku okpueze tt osisi ka ifufe si n'ebe ahu je na gbasasa, nke na nzube nwere
m na-egosi. "
Emi ama b inweta mmas, mgbe any na-ah ot nd ebe nd nwere ganihu
nke nd na nkpuru d nan a b otu ebe, na ngwar nwekwara ike ime, nke utu
gbochie nkwekrta nke mkpr ah, na-eme ihe iji na otu ziri ezi nso nd nne na nna
nje ga-ofu. A ebe a nke Nlereanya nyere Manglebaum.
The Manglebaum, Rizophora L ., Na-eto eto na n osimiri nke na-ekpo k
Erdstrichs na-emigh emi ok osimiri n'ikper mmiri, kama b naan ke mbat na ot
anya d ka otu kpuchie alternately na tide site saltwater. The osisi apgh miri si n'ok
osimiri, ma-angide na-eme nke ma n'ime obodo; n'ihi ya, ha na-now-ama enm site

ha ibu maka otu ugboro ka a siri ike footing, ebe ha wezuga onwe-nne osisi, na N'ihi
na d ka mma n'ala d ka na-ewere nd n'ihi na nke a, a pr t anya. N'elu ala
mkpr nke ifuru nke osisi a n'ezie nway nway na-am a uru oghere griin haus, a
nkpuru d ka b n'ime open-ejide ala nke nd a n'ihu apta nway nway site a
okporo. The fr nke nta cylindrical, ikpeaz ihe d ka 1 1 /2 sentimita asat ogologo
stalk wepr osisi z na nd z n'ala nka ala. The Mkpr ya b elongated
gburugburu na ikpeaz 10 sentimita asat ogologo, kwupta ya free njedebe mgbe
niile thicker na ar, ma mechie n'elu n'ebe a pfriemenfrmigen n'n. Reif enye
hangs ekwes site osisi ah; n'otu oge ma ya njik ah ga mgbe nile iru ala, na mgbe
ikpeaz dara n'ebe a. Ya ogo o now abatakwa na-eji ya pfriemenfrmigen n'n
ngidere na-otu inch miri emi ma na-angide ziri ezi na otu nke onwe ha na apt
n'ala. Ma o ji mee ihe maka ya zz banyere osisi ah, germinated n'ime ya shei naama meptara a rba mgbrgw fr nke nta otu af zuru ezu. Ya mere, nwere ike
fr nke nta ozugbo nwekwara ike kwuru.Jacquin hr nd osisi onwe ha 3 na 4
kw dobe nke otu mmiri n'ala wee guzo ziri ezi na nke a, o we n miri emi ot ah
nke na e gbanyere mkprgw gbara t z ka osisi. (Dict. Of SC. Nat. T. XIV. Art.
Rizophora, 387.)
Mgbe Schblers kwuru na mkpr nke aquatic osisi na-na-ar kara mmiri, na-aba
ot ah site falling nke l, kpmkwem n'elu ala ebe ha nwere ike asiaha, mgbe
mkpr nke kas ogologo osisi na-ad mfe, n'ihi ya, mgbe ha n na mmiri na-ebupta
-ada, igwu mmiri na-enye ifufe na ugbu a ka b n'akk n'ikpere mmiri. (Kastner si
Njiko. X. 426.)
The ka na-etolite odi mfe ekpuchiri ekpuchi ka nan gbasasa n'elu Earth. N'ihe
banyere nke a gw nyere mkpr nke ha ma b gb elu Haber ( Avena fatua
L .) gbaso ngwar. The awns-ya nile na-mere ihe ha n'etiti, d ka na n'akuku,
kara tumbled d ka a knitting, kara t. B nkpuru-agh n'z zuru ezu ok ma na
akr, ot ala akk nke awn b nn hygroscopic. Wets na-enyo na onwe ya, na
alternately ji d ka mkpr d n'n ya ala gwgw na awn ka mgbe ah, z naedina nd z n'ihi na nke ikpeaz site na Aufdrehung d nn agbat z. Ya mere
ka odi a nzkw na oge gara n'ihu, n'ihi na ntziaka nke ntutu na ka na ezigbo
spines a Fort pushing naan otu direction, megide bgh nyere na awn gwgw, naekwe ka Arista, ma bgh a retrogression , Na e nwet mmiri ozuzo na re-abanye
ok kch creeps d gb elu Haber na acres gburugburu ruo mgbe na-aba
n'okpuru a ahihia-ka ma b clod, ebe na-apgh-aba na, ma ugbu a na-kpuchie
site na nke a mgbochi asiaha. (Plant System Linnaeus XII. 43)
Any ga-echefu na ihe a na nyere ebe a, naan mmad ihe at si d iche iche ebe nke
osisi nd b ebe nd chch nke nzube kpr yiri h karsa d nn ka nghta any
n'z.Chr na any nwere ike na-ele osisi nd n'akk niile n'ime mmad niile ihe
nile banyere ya, any ga-doro anya na-achpta otu ihe ah expedient chr n'ebe nile
na-ah ihe jikr nd niile nzube echiche tt ihe nd z magburu onwe ha kara
ka any nwere ike bla nke na nkwa onwe ha nwere ike iyi.

XII. Egosiputa osisi na m anman.

Otu nwere ike na-ar ka na mkpr obi nwere ike ghara iru si na m anman na

osisi alaeze, n'ihi na i nwere ike ugbua h na akwukwo nri alaeze nta nke nta any na
dismounting si m anman na d nn ambiguous na gburugburu nke ikpeaz. The
osisi alaeze guzo dum miri kara m anman; ma nwere kas ala m anman
bla Agachoputa ihe nke mkpr obi, ya mere, ka ihe bla maka bna ala eguzo
osisi nd z na-ahr kara nn ihe bla.
Polyps z. B. ama kara osisi-d ka dd. Ha ebi, dgh ihe z tt mgbe, na a
okporo ike na ala, kpafu alaka, na-epulite, fd nd yiri okooko osisi wdg D ka
chchr na-ezugh ok ma bna na ha ihe rba ama nke mm ns! Nwere ike a ka
na ot akp akp, ad m anman kas itiba a gbara chchr, Nd j fduru
nke mkpr obi b ugbu a, ot nn isiike stiif osisi-esi a bit nke na, ot na-ekwu
okwu, naan Original Mix polyps. N'etiti ala e kere eke na e nwere nn ole na ole,
nke otu onye rr ka taa ma h d n'etiti m anman ma b osisi 1) ; esemokwu
a na-ekwek n'gw ma-ah ihe rba ama nke mkpr obi ya na ha ma b; ot
ambiguous nd a na-ag akk b ebe a. br na mgbe ah nwere inwe obi ab
ma mkpr obi, ebe mkpebi n'etiti anumanu na osisi ka fluctuates, obi ab adgh,
na bgh mkpr obi, ebe zuru mere mkpebi osisi.
1)

Nd a kere eke na-agnye nd z na Bolvocinen, Klosterinen, Bazillarien,

anatara nke Ehrenberg n'etiti infusoria na-akwa mgbe v. Siebold (mkpokta.
Anat. I. 7) na osisi alaeze ezo, Eckhard ma (Wiegm Njiko. . 1846. H. 3) nyere
z n'ebe nd infusoria. Karsa, n'elu Bazillarien (kar diatoms, Desmidiaceae)
b tt armar na vacillation. Siebold, Kiitzing, Link, Mohl, Unger, Morren,
Dujardin, Meyen ha deem akwukwo nri, Ehrenberg, Eckhard, Focke, Corda
m anman. (Wiegm. Njiko. 1837. II. 24. 1843. II. 372.) na Klosterinen ike
kwa site Meyen, Morren, Dujardin gnyere nd z maka akwukwo
nri. N'otu aka ah, echiche nd si n'okike na anman ma b ihe oriri dd
nke agba? Okwu nke red snow tt ugboro (. Site Unger na Ehrenberg eg
emegide akwukwo nri, (mgbe Boigt na Meyen anman). The Oszillatorien
ab Ehrenberg, Meyen gnyere nd z na algae , gbak Unger na m
anman. n'ihi na nke ikpeaz na-nche Schleiden. iche iche e kere eke, nd
nke e so nd polyps n'ihi na ha na calcium dnaya, ya b Corallina, na
cognates Galaxaura, Halimedea, Udotea, acetabulum, Melobesia, Jania, wdg
nwere Kiitzing (Anat. d. Tange p.8) edeptara d ka algae, na hapr
undecided ma fom nke anman ma b osisi okike. na iche fom na
Spongillen na-uz z mgbe fluctuated. na Spongillen akpan akpan b nke
Dujardin na Laurent (. Wiegm Njiko 1839. II 197. 1841. 411. II ...) n'ihi na
m anman site Johnston na Hogg (ebendas 1839. II: ... 197. 1841. 409.
1843. II II 363.) maka osisi kwara. The Millipore kirie Link na Blainville
inorganic paragraf nke carbonate nke wayo, referenced ya na nweta alaeze,
kwuru site Ehrenberg na Lamarck maka zoophytes, Rapp na Philippi maka
osisi. (Wiegm. Njiko. 1837. I. 387.)

Ka dgod, b nan mkpa na-armka a doro anya, na-enyo kpamkpam

n'akk nke z gafere.

Gn na-enye any z d a nri, na polyps, infusoria, gnyere nd z, na-akp naezugh ok, ma naan h ihu ma d nn mfe m anman dubious mettara nke
mkpr obi?Kama a na a gbara chchr, Nd j fduru nke mkpr obi m ike na
naan uma nke a d mfe ma ezi uche egwuregwu ah na ha. The ok susceptibility nd
a ala m anman d iche iche d stimuli nke ah doo anya nghta, nke ha nwere
maka liveliness na kwsi ike nke ha si aga, akpan akpan direction ha nyere otu aka
kpmkwem nzube, ikpe na-aghta agwa nke arbitrariness, nd kpebiri ekweghiekwe
na nke ha na-ezute ndabichi n'ime ha eke nd ibi nd, na-al n nke mgbagwoju
anya onwe ya, ihe a nile na-ekwu okwu ezi megide ihe undecided, masr, na amagh
ihe bla eke nd ka na kara n'elu-kwa psychic nd ya nile.
any tlee phenomena nke nd nke polyps naan nso, na o yiri ka onye ihe yiri
enwegh doo anya mkpr obi ya, n'ezie, na-adabere naan na ezigbo vagueness nke
uche ha.
br na a gbatr agbat Armpolyp (Hydra) emetta, ma b mmiri nke na-emi
odude, maa jijiji, contracts na mberede ruru ala ka a obere clumps; Na-egosi na igba
obara uche. banyere h, na-enye g otu iko na tt polyps si, any na-ah mgbe
oge fd nile adabere na h anyanw. Ot ah ka polyp nwere mehrerlei
sensations. b tremendously ag ji, punara jiri n k n'obi banyere ihe na-eri
an ya tentacles, na ab polyps-ar ka mgbe mgbe banyere otu. Nd nwere ihe rba
ama na; ag. Ndien enye emek na diche d kpebisiri n'etiti ya nri site nan na-an
t an oriri, osisi dabeere nri jr; bna n'okpuru an oriri na-eme iche site
n'ghara karsa polyps nke ha onwe ha obima, bna ma br na na ag na ya
ma tlee on ya outstretched ogwe aka ah, mgbe sekp e kere eke na chr iri
na mbu aka. Nke a na-egosi n'z doro anya nghta (Trembley).
Gn ka ha mgbe niile polyps n'adgh a eke nke ezi a zr az echiche, b ezie na
ma elegh anya dgh ihe? The dum na mkpr obi Game-ya nile ebute-eju af a
sensuality nke kas nso-ekwe omume z. Ma an mmetta na mmad nwere ike
inwe ihe nd kas eme ihe ike na kas kpebisiri, na mfe nke egwuregwu, na nke ha naturu ime, gwa nwanne amara ha ike na mkpebi siri. Man anya naan mfe na crudest
nd mmad. Nwere obere ihe ike na brkwa chch nke ya ka nd mepere anya na
gr akwkw? chchr otu nwere ike na-akp nd d ot ah a mkpr obi bi na na
elu h nke mere na ha ahgh. Ma h nke echiche nwere ike ot k gbaa ya z
ah d ka elu h nke ihe mere, d ka abba k na-enwu gbaa d ka ether; na a ala
eguzo h ghtakwuo obere l, nke gbatr, niile dokwuo anya.
Gn b eziokwu banyere polyps, dkwa Nd infusoria, rue any, ha smallness, nd
ya nile pr gbaso. Ha na-egosi fd n'ime liveliest mezuo iwu nile na-ag akk
anman arbitrariness; na br na bgh ihe niile nwere na;, ot e nwekwara
sloths n'etiti elu klas nke anman, na i nwere ike, d ka e kwuru na mb, bna na
elu mmeghar vivacity ch bgh nan criterion maka vividness nke mmetta.
b na-ala, ya mere, mfe traceable ruo n'k fd, nd d mfe na nd z an
mkpr obi nd nke nd a nta Nigeria na-mettara ha mfe nkt nzuk. Nature
agbanweela mmad na-kas ala m anman a nnukwu n gg na nke a; ma

b d nn bgh n'ihi ike ma doo anya, ma sikwuoro, na ego na mkpa nke echiche
nd, nke a na ugbu gafere. Ma ekwesgh b mgbagwoju anya ka na-ah na-eme na
n'elu armka otu.
N'z fd (naan aghotara) nwere ike b na ntule na-d ka a igwe, nke Ot d,
bgh h na-emepta any aka wuru igwe na ike na ya intrigues na onwe ha, na-eso
mmepta d ka ojiji na-nsh, banye n'ime ya na-enwe mmetta site, kenmde maka
an r na-ekwupta ha mkpr obi, bu n'obi ozugbo r nke ihe d n'ime. zkwa,
ha na-egosi yiri oke ukwuu ma b kar sikwuoro ka any na gw r, na-adabere na
ya ikpe, ka ha na-esoriri na ihe mgbagwoju anya ma b mfe nzube. Ugbu a kacha
kf grinder-enye nkwa ya kf ka na d ka nd elu-s pa rr ya mgbagwoju ebi
akwkw azmaha. Na m na-eche ma br na ihe bla nke any igwe ihe naeme, n'z zuru ezu edu n'ike nke onwe ya na ya nsh, kf grinder ka ga-ma mara
ha azmaha nke mere na, na mmetta banye n'ime ka elu-s pa. Abgh
decisiveness ma b intension, naan ihe a na-akp kwa nke mm, ga-ab ala; ma
br na mfe nzube nke a nta berschauung akp. D ka any ebe a nwere ike naeche kas mma any ugbu a, ga-ab na-ala n'ezie na ntule. Na-amba sikwuoro nke
nzuk, onye na-amba ego agagh kpgidere ike na decisiveness nke nsh. d ihe
mgbagwoju anya nzuk mmekah mmekrta kwukwara, na elu mmekah ala
kara ah fr nke mfe nzuk, na n'ihi na ha enwegh, enwegh mmata ka. Ma nsh
nke mfe na kas ala mmekrta nwere ike na-eto eto, ike, na-arsi r, hr d n'elu,
ee ub z ihe ozugbo na nd z vivid; n'ihi na ihe bla sikwuoro iwesa ike, na ebe
dgh nke organic, ha ga-akws maka maara ihe gbasara mm.
Ya mere, ka e were ya, osisi na-n'ezie mfe hazie d ka polyps na infusoria, ot ah
ga- ka na-enwe adgide adgide mere o ji nwee obi erugh anya na ngide na nd
kara m anman nd a onwe ha, na-egosi onwe ha anya ma nd ezu. na-egosi
maka ihe ka mfe ma na ala dd nke echiche ha nd.
Ma ugbu a, ike bna doro anya na ihe nd kas meptara osisi na-ad mfe hazie d
ka mfe m anman, ya mere osisi alaeze d n'akk a guzo kpamkpam n'okpuru
m anman d, on dum, na-ewere, nke a ruru n'etiti ab alaeze ukwu-angide ziri
ezi ma br na o nwegh ebe akwukwo nri ala-eze, nzuk ka ganihu d ot ah a
tangle d ka elu mm n'ime m anman. Na nke bla, osisi alaeze adahade d
ka m anman si ambiguous n'etiti n'gb, ebe na-adgh nn mara ma nnn
ma b osisi, z ibu nsogbu, ya mere nke a nwere ike ghara ime ka ime d iche iche
si kwuo na amba organic tangle development r nke mkpr obi, kama n'etiti
n'gb si na isi ala na osisi n'wa, ma site n'otu, ma br na, na-ebili z mgbe nd
z direction.
The aba na-eson echiche na-enyere: Mgbe indubitable pta nke geology na
mmanu ndi mere wa ikpuru na akrk d n'wa na-z n'ihi na d ka amphibians,
nd a kama na nnn na ihe mammals, nke a karr mmad, na nkenke, b, na ofri,
ewere ihe e kere eke nke bla ala an mata na klas nke bla elu n'elu, na n'ezie
elegh anya tt puku af. N'ime osisi alaeze egosi na dum, a yiri na-enwe ganihu
nke ihe e kere eke si ala ka elu-ogo t. Ya mere, br na osisi alaeze nn
n'okpuru m anman, ya mere onye ga-iche na d mkpa na osisi alaeze, on dum,

na-ewere bilie tupu m anman. Ma dgh ihe z fd kara na nke a b bgh

ikpe; kama, ihe niile na ihe geology dr n'otu d ka nke ptara na osisi alaeze bgh
ihe bla ikpe tupu m anman n'ebe ah; kama onye pr obi ab ma ghara
kere mgbe e mesr. Ma ihe kas puru omume ihe ha imekotaotuugbo ntoputa. The
kas ala osisi emepta na kas ala m anman na Community amalite nke organic e
kere eke, ma si n'ebe ah bilie otu ma d n'otu oge. Ndi enye ama amas ya ugbu a na
m anman, ma br na any na-at d elu mgbe niile n'ime sikwuoro nile mee
elu; ma nke kachasi elu elu ka nke o mere ka ya na akwukwo nri ala-eze, ma b nn
elu kara nke kas ala na m anman. Ma br na osisi alaeze nr na na kwa
nke mmepe ke ofri fduru, meriri ya na aknba mpga development ofri
n'kw.
br na nd osisi na-d ka isiike, stiif ahu nro, mobile polyps tnyere, n'ihi ya, na
na ada da n'ezie tt ihe ha mwepu; ma i nwere ike na ga-enye ya ka ukwuu na
ikike d iche iche. The polyps (karsa hydras) na-ad, fr nke nta edo ptara pta,
nke na-a-akpachara anya dissection isi ike fd nkewa nke organic cha na-amata
na elu osisi ekewa ke kas mma na kacha doo anya na mkpr nd na akpa nke d
iche iche udi na r, imbued na-eru juices, na gbala imecha epupta na
mgbrgw nri, d ka polyp gbatr ogwe aka ah, naan ihe wider na nd z. - Gaadgh ama h na-egosi onye bla d ka ihe absurdity na site n mmalite na br
na osisi yiri mango ya tt puku af, ya nnukwu ibu na ogwe na alaka, na dokwara
garanya elu n'ba b iguzo d ka a akpachara anya estidem nkwadebe nke ya akk
ala na n'kw nke kere eke d ka imere ebere obere, ny hr kpr si raw polyp
ma b nd tinier ka na, ya mere, nan haziri infusoria, nke na-gbazee ka kw ez
na agb mgbe a obere oge z, site na nke yiri naan d nn wuru? - Hr kas nta
infusoria na-adgh a colon na kas osisi bla; ma bgh na-ama bla tube na
osisi, nke na-eduga na ihe na ala elu, na a uche, na d mkpa ot ah na eriri
af? The osisi yiri mango b nnukwu ihe ngwa, mgbe nd kas nta infusoria a
mkprhh. Na ot d egwu z mgbal n'ala, ike na nzuk gaara dd nke a soulless
d ka a jiri mkpr obi ah? Olee ot iji ruo ebe ah nagide a ezi uche teleology? Ma
b ga-ha na-ekwu ebe a: nd yiri mango ka uru nye enwe? ga-, d ka s na Peter
ihe-ahia maka nduru n d n'elu ha. M na-eche banyere nke a b kwuru na aga na
ngalaba ama ezu.
Ihe ihe na-ama afiak banyere chr iji ndokwa nke organic e kere eke mgbe cha
schema nke a steep; dgh aga na m anman maka onwe ya, nagh ar r na
akwukwo nri alaeze onwe ha; ma b ihe z bna d ka obere na nd nke osisi
na m anman alaeze. The okwu nke idi-elu nke ihe organic eke, na ikwu z, b
n'ezie a kama na-edochagh anya na Babl doro nn anya, na b ike h na site
kas mmekrta, d ka nke onye nwere ike at d elu nke a kere eke nke z, m
anman na-na, n nkezi n'elu osisi, ma gaghkwa ka na niile, ma b ot nti n'etiti
niile m anman na osisi. Niile ntule na osisi ya mere bna na-erugh nekwu na
ha nwere mkpr obi kara bna nd na-ad ala m anman n'ihi na ha b bna
ala kara nke a, na-efunari anyi makwara priori ha dum ntala. N'ezie, ha ga-ab
bna ala n'z fd, ma n'ihe nd z agbagha z ka nn elu: n'ezie, otu onye
nwere ike na-ekwu na onye bla organic eke d elu kara ihe bla z na otu

mmekrita nke ma. The akk nke akwkw ah b kpmkwem nke, fd d

nzube na d ptara kacha eji na iji nweta ihe kacha; ma ugbu a, instincts na mmetta
uche nke a dd nwekwara ebe nd e zoro n'ihi nzube a, ka d mkpa nke ga-emezu,
na-ata ahh na ya enweteghi, ch b ya ihe, melite na ihe nd kas zuru ok na
kacha, ma bgh dum nzube nke egwuregwu ga-a s na nd nt chiri. - Site na nke a
echiche, nke b any ihe d nn ihe kas mkpa, n'ezie a n'ozuzu gradation nke
Nigeria d mfe iji wnye, ma b nwere ike b ihe bla na-na isi nke a pr iche
na usoro nke nkebi nke ya pr iche nzube ya gaa na isi eyespot. Ugbu a, i nwere ike
na-mata diche d n'etiti ego ma b uru nke na-agw onwe ha; ma nke a z d ka
d iche iche ibiere. Na nso nso a, otu onye nwere ike na-agbal ma nwee ihe site Cross
melite usoro nke nkebi site na subordination nke n'ozuzu n'elu akpan akpan nzube,
nke a na-ekwek n'gw d n'elu etinyere na-emebu n'usoro na-aptagh h akk
nke ukwuu ma b kar itinye aka nke nzuk elegh anya banyere n , E nwere ike
e kere eke na-, site jikr n'ime akant tt ebumnuche, mgbe a ihe n'ozuzu, izute
a overarching nzube b ike b ugbu a na nr onwe ha na ozugbo mmezu ga-ata
ahh bla nzube site z echiche nke fdr mmachi. On dum hnanya d ot
ah e kere eke now elegh anya izu ok, d ka onye ma maka otu ihe ah mere naezugh ok na-ekpo k d ka mmad nd nwere izute naan ma kacha mma na
onye na nzube. Ihe nlereanya kas mma b otu d ka onye na onye na b nchebe
iche na mettara armr d ka tt ebumnuche n'otu oge, na nke a nwere ike nweta
na niile kas mma. Ot d, o nwere bgh ot ah ngwa ngwa kw, bgh ot
nk anya, bgh d ka d nk, claws ka tt anman, naan Nchikota ihe a niile d
oke obere na ka na ofri na udiozi na-enye ihe na-adgh ike nkwa kara m
anman na ya kpmkwem na ozugbo ushde. N'ezie, na-tumadi ji nghta ya; ma
na ike iche echiche nzuk na-adabere n'ebe nile na nd nkt. Nke a b mba nd z
kpr.
Ka dgod, na-ekwe omume ka nke ah gasr-adgh eme kara site na iji naenye onye bla z, d ka tt nzube ebe ahazi r ha, nd z na-ar bla z,
na nju na mmezu nke nzube maka ya niile oge nwere ike mfe nweta a z n'ozuzu
ptara kara na, ot na-ekwu okwu, naan nn sketchy mezuo tt ebumnuche. Ya
mere, mgbe niile mfe echiche nke d elu gradation angide inadequately na-anchi
anya mgbagwoju mmekrta, ebe b ntule bla z. Na d ka na-ah echiche nd
ndokwa ya ga-agbal na-eji osisi nwere ike itinye abchagh mma n'etiti m
anman; na bna ma br na b ikpe, kama b naan a obere an, ma bgh
mkpr obi ike ya mere ekwu na ha.
N'ezie, ga-ma br na ihe d iche nke na-aga aga n'etiti anumanu na osisi gaapgh h anya, na tt ihe e kere eke nke chi ojiji zones eduzi esemokwu ihe i
nwere ha n'ezie ka a gkta anumanu na osisi nweta a hr n'aka nke ya, ma b a
n'aka na mere na mb z mgbe, ida. Na mb mgbe ama na mkpr obi
(arbitrariness, sensashion) na bred d ka a differentiator n'etiti anumanu na osisi n'ime
akant, na-enwegh inwe ike-akpta a d iche iche mkpebi banyere d ad ma b
nd na-abgh d ad nke mkpr obi d ka site mpga rba ama, onye cogency onwe
ya dabeere nan na nd na naan m anman nwere mkpr obi. Ma br na
osisi nakwa animated d ka m anman, nke mere na nd d ot ah a d iche dara

bula rigoworo.
b ugbu a na-agagh enwe nn mmas z pr igbochi, jide n'etiti anumanu na
osisi a na nlezianya septum na-ach ka ha mee ka dubious kere eke kpamkpam n'ime
ma b karr nke a nkebi, d ka na mb ikpe. The nke onye ahuhu nke b armka
banyere ma m anman nwere ya osisi, mgbe mgbe natara, eyride rr ka onwe
ya nan na nd na na-eme n'otu oge na-ad ma b nd na-abgh d ad nke
onye na ebumnobi iyi nke ahuhu. Ewezga af ju ah a chr, nd mere uerlichere
mmas na-angide na-emeri maka nhazi kwa nke d iche iche m anman na osisi
ha ndu nd site ofu akk; ihe mmekrta ya ma ch site n mmalite na ikwu
ekwu mgbe ejigh n'aka na-niile nhazi kwa kpr echeta ama n'ime otu nke ma
organic ebe ha na dgh ihe mere nwere ike h ihe mere nke a na-ejigh n'aka ghara
Nchoputa n'elu site n'otu ebe nke z. Ma n'ezie a niile mere ka kwsr d ad, na
otu onye na-ekweta na osisi d ka m anman mkpr obi. N'ihi na ubchi a b
bgh ikpe, nwere ike N'ezie kwere ihe d iche n'etiti n'ike mm ns na
Nichtbeseelung ga-ekwu okwu n'z d mma ptara h iche on bla gr ebe nke
ayakde dgh akwa.
Ekweere m na ga-enwe mgbe nile aka ike ruo n'k fd, ihe na ot ihe chr
na-etinye na ufe nke etiti alaeze n'otu z ma b n'akk nke z. The dgh ihe z
aka ike ga-ewere nd mgbe nd si n'okike nke usoro anumanu na osisi-amalite d
ka ha guzobere nd d nd iji ass, na idozi naan indeterminacy searches; ma
bgh na ihe niile ga-ad aka ike ebe a; ma b ugbu a na-egosi na ke akpatre
adgh agbanah aka ike. N'ihi na nd ka nd na usoro e mere maka mgbagwoju
emekar na-ewere nd tinyere e ji mara na-enwegh aka ike nkewa nke a
mgbagwoju na mkpebi na otu akk b isi, tumadi na elu anumanu na osisi e
envisaged. Ma br na, d ka d, ka obere disintegrate atmat nke nd a owuwu
nd d na n'Etiti Nd garanya na-ama na obibia, nwere obere ka mix na Nchoputa
banye onye bla z na-amalite N'eziokwu, ot a ka mkpebi d ka nke e ji mara ma
b nke nso mgbagwoju nke atmat ma na-adbegh anya k k ga-enye maka
oke nke aha na nd ma b n'of chr agbara nd anumanu na osisi, d nn
bgh dd nke ihe ma b nd Gebrauche ass ha, ma kpere na nke onye ikpe nke
k mmta sayens, ma b ntziaka chr inye nhazi kwa kpr aka ike, ma
nd z ga-enwe ike na-adgide adgide.Na ihe chr ka votu d ka a isi
differentiator, ma b ihe mgbagwoju nke atmat chr hr, oleekwa eti
diche nwere ike mgbe ah na-egosi na megide onye bla z nd nke kwa d
elu nke osisi na m anman, ka ga-erukwa, na k-ala-eze mgbe niile ambiguous
na echeghi otu ebe bna otu atmat n'z fd amalite oyok.
Ab isi differentiators yiri ka nwere ike ikwu tumadi ma nakwa tt ugboro
ugboro sonye n'iji, nke onye nke z na-ak na-ewu, ka ngosipta nke nd. Mgbe
onye bbu onye-akwa ihe e kere eke nke anman ma b osisi, d ka ihe oriri ya
z site estidem ma b invaginated ebupta (eriri af, afo, gnyere a n akk)
ma b elu everted ebupta (epupta, mgbrgw emep uta eri na. The d ka.) Na
umi nke ahu -enweta; mgbe z, dabere na nd ya na-egosipta onwe atughar z
site free translucent locomotion dum ma b akk, ma b nkt ibu. N'ezie, osisi
na m anman alaeze ekewap nn kpebisiri ike na ya kwa d elu site Nchikota

ab atmat; kama ma atmat ya okwu na dd nke organism ka nn ihe pr

iche ot zuru ezu na-egosi na-na etiti n'gb n'ihi indentation na protuberance
locomotion na ibu ikpokta ke otu organism na akk, nwere ike gbanwe ot obere
na oge na-adgh ma mgbe niile nwere ike ikwu ihe e ji mara isere d ka a
predominantly echiche; na-adabere na Atmat ah b hergenommen si ewu, bgh
nke ukwuu na onye hergenommenen nke b ngosipta nke nd n na mgbe niile ma
vorkmen njik.
Ekwegh omume nke na-eru mgbe ejedebegh na ab nd a atmat na diche
ptara h ka, mgbe ah, ka nd z ime iji nyere: ma "gbanwee elu ahu contours af
ofufo mkpi na mmba nke Krperparenchyms" na mmeghar (Siebold); ma nku anya
ma kw gosiri d ka akk nke locomotion; d ka mmeputakwa emee; ma nke a ma
b na chemical nd d ad. - Ma gn ma nke gara aga atmat, na-emetta nd a
dokwara. dgh onye n'ime atmat nd a nwere nzube nke nk iche n'etiti anumanu
na osisi kpamkpam zuru ezu ot anya.Na na eziokwu na dara agagh ekwe omume
mata ihe d iche sharply osisi na m anman Alaeze site onye ah d, e nwere ike
iwere d ka esemokwu now bna backward na bna gw nke maara ihe gbasara
mm dgh septum n'etiti ab d ad.
The enwegh a afo na anman-d ka estidem nzuk mgbe nile, na bch nke naapta locomotion dum ma b akk, na-ezu emen, ya mere na Oszillatorien, na
algae spores na bna 184. Note. Zoro aka kere eke n'elu nke -ar ka ma anman
ma b osisi, b. The naan ebe a na-ah osisi, na-ekwu, n'ezie, ma ha si aga naadgh n'ezie af ofufo mmeghar.Ma ihe a aka ike na-ya nile ka aha, kemgbe ihe na
z nke a ihe, kpebisie ike site na onye echiche nke nd na-ekiri nwere Apercu otu
atmat. Ee, bgh nan n'elu ah e ji mara, bna nk ihe mma echiche nke
arbitrariness b ihe mere ihe ma jijiji na b ike gosi kpmkwem na nk mmta
sayens iche na nke a, d ka na agbalwo Ehrenberg na-eme na-eson: "The
mmeghari nke m anman na ( na-ekwu) na-enwekwa akws aka ike
locomotion, ije nke ahha mmiri osisi, wdg na-nzube nke aka ike mgbanwe nke ebe,
kama b naan na onye adiana na mmepe na-egosi ihe ka na d. nd a nwere, o yiri
doro anya, nd z site n'ile (mkpali) rata osisi, nd na- z site obi (uche) mettara
m anman agwa. ad na enwegh n na eriri af d iche sharply ma formations.
" (Abhandl. Berl. Akad. D. W. si d. J. 1833. Gedr. 1834. p 157.) N'ebe z na-eduga
n Ehrenberg d ka otu akk nke anman dd ma b nd multiplication site
nkewa, nke b nke kamakwa e kere eke na- na-ag site na otu na algae.
Olee prinziplos nd mgbe gba alkwaghm na nwere, anumanu na osisi dgas, d
ka, gnyere nd z, h nd na-eson: Meyen kwuru Klosterien wdg na ihe mere na
osisi, n'ihi na d ha cornstarch; ma ugbu a, ha gwara ya, pr n'ezie m anman
nwere cornstarch; Unger kwuru na mobile algal spores nke mere ka anu aru, n'ihi na
ha kpaliri nd yiri free, ya b site n ntutu anya akk; ma ugbu a, ha we si (Siebold),
ya nwere ike kpali osisi nke mere na nwere ntutu anya akk, kwa. Ya mere, ha naekwu ihe chr, d nn ka o wee d system. Siebold (mkpokta. Anat. I. 8)
ekenyela af ofufo mkpi na mmba nke ah ah d ka a feature nke anman ukwuu
ibu ibu, nke a pr chta ma na-akpata (ebendas. P.14), nn nke n na afo d ka
adgh mkpa kwa na ikwu okwu nke m anman na ha dum ahu n'elu (ie elu-

ebupta) imbibe na nutriment (nke mere na opaline). Ya mere, e nwere ma ya n na

afo, ka free locomotion egosi (ma br na bgh jik mkpi na mgbasa) z. D
ka ihe e ji mara nke anman
The n'elu kwuru banyere, hiwere na dd nke ihe isi ike a ike iche n'etiti osisi na
m anman ihikosi na mberede, karsa na obere ntule ka na-esiri akk nke
chptara akk nke nkwa ihe kwuru anya. Ma gastric ma eriri af d, b mgbe
nn obi erugh ala, mgbe ikpebi: Self Ehrenbergs (mb dgburu site gb) ma ama
nri usoro nke infusoria na dyes nso nso a ghara n'ebe nile d ka a ok mkpa n'aka b
a. (... Siebolds mkpokta Anat I. 15 iche) Meyen na-akwa mgbe ihe d ka nd nkt
osisi cell (s na algae genera. Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Staurastrum ) ihe Ehrenberg
akp (na s Polygastricis.) Afo; Ee, echiche nke a osisi cell na oghere na a afo na a n
pr ebe a na-n'ezie na-agba n'ime onye bla z.Siebold ekwu Ehrenbergs afo
nwere obere site dobe n'okpuru an cover. Ma local mmeghar kpatara ihe interplay
nke nd agha, ma b site mpga n'ibu-akpata (d ka Brownian ngaghar), ma b
site na d mmeghar nke camphor na mmiri, na-ahap ha anagh ad mfe mgbe
echiche; na d iche iche ka nd nd kachamara kwuru, kpebisie ebe a ukwuu n'ime
isi ya. Ma ka e were a kpatara ikpeaz d ga-eme, ot ah ka any ugbu a zutere ma
adru anuri ajj nke iche nke nd usoro si inorganic Filiks ma l. Ya mere, ezi
siwing nd akwara da olu d ka ndido urk, a spore nwere ike kpali site ejecting ihe
d ok mkpa mman na-mmiri (d ka Schleiden na mb enyo enyo), na ka nwere na
ewu ewu na m anman na-akp ngaghar.
b na-ala behooves sharpness na nkenke nke bla sayens na mettara tumadi
na ah kpmkwem agwa nke otu, ma dgh ka kpmkwem iji ch nd d ot ah
bna ebe na-adgh na-edina na dd onwe ya; ma b anya na a z na dgh
edina na ya. N'ihi na n'aka, kpebisie dd b n'ebe nile, ma gn mere na-, d ka
elegh anya ga-ab adaba n'ihi na nd d ot ah dechara n'ozuzu echiche na d nk
ihe mma any. All ofri ofri echiche na d nke dd na-overlapping, ma any bee
na kwa nke obi t na mma nke usoro site na apaji nkwonkwo. M ga-akws m, n'ihi
na m nwere bna nwoke, enyeghkwa site ugboro, ebe a via a sn, br na m naeme bgh ot ah d nn yiri ikom fd nd si ugboro isiokwu a kara nd ga naugboro. Mgbe ach n'ihi dd kewara otu ugboro, na-agwa b ijere ha ozi.
Nke b eziokwu b ihe bla ikpe na myirta na ma sn n'etiti osisi na m
anman alaeze mgbe akpktara kar, nd d omimi kar otu ardata, gh alaeze
ab, n'ihi ya, nwere ike omume nke onye n'etiti k ebe d iche b n'ezie ezi ihe ma
jijiji, ga-ab ihe bla iju ,
Na a z, i nwere ike h nke a na-amba na nfedakwasi na m anman na
akwukwo nri alaeze assimilation ma ama na echiche nke na-amba mfe ma
dabere; ma onwem a onwe ma sn ke e ji mara peculiarities nke kwa d elu nkez mgbe eru nso nke undecided k Alaeze Ukwu site n'otu akk. Ego ole
Stengliches, branched, puoro gwgw ya, kw gwgw, leaved, okooko osisi d
ka, Spirales n'ebe ah ala gba nke m anman; ka mmad pr ikwu, m
anman egwuregwu ebe a masquerade n'okpuru m uru d ka osisi alaeze. z,
adkwa ke ala nkebi nke osisi alaeze, osisi nwere obere ha branched, laminar d,-

amalite ebe a roundish shapes, d ka dkwa ka usoro ha, e ahaziri iche, d ka canning
on (nke b dgh ihe z na-edochagh anya approximations ka elu anman). Atlekwu si yie nke invertebrates emeri na osisi na na ha na-N'otu aka ah naenwegh mebie ka nd ka tt site nkewa, na z, ala osisi (tt algae) sere n'elu
nwa na-enwegh nwa (nke z n'okpuru ). na-e chptara na nso nso osisi pulp na
ikpe nke tt ezi ala adgide m anman na (na kw ascidians na nd z na
salpenartigen tunicates); z, ihe dkwa ka usoro ha na-ma mara maka ak na ba
nke anman-d ka bekee, wdg
Na banyere myirta na udi nke ala m anman na elu osisi, tlee ihe at (d ka na
la kpa efere ka Ehrenbergs nnukwu Infusorienwerke) myirta nke Vortizellen
Nwere Ifuru akwado branched osisi. ebe ha onwe ha za aha Okooko osisi Little
Critters. Karsa garanya ma b na klas nke coralline m anman na myirta na
osisi. D ka nke ma ruru eru na-enye a n'h ah, m na-agwa ebe a na-eson (nkt)
Wep si na nkwa nke b a n'okike (Dana) nke m anman nd a. N'ebe nile okwu
(ebe a pta h na pa), reminiscent nke akwukwo nri.
"The mejuptara ewu nke ruby b na ya pta nke ha nwa osisi guzobere, site na
nke iputa ya nile dgas iche iche iche-iche. fd n'ime ha, d ka madrepores,
Gorgonians, Astren wdg na-ma mara na ndidi n'ozuzu, br na bgh n n'ihi
na tt nkt bna maka naan iche-iche; ya na-ahkar omume mgbe n'okpuru ha
gg d rba di iche iche; fd na-eto eto d ka karr akprepu, otu cabbages d ka
epupta, nd z na-mere nke siri, crimped, irregularly mere ndokwa mpempe
akwkw. The elu nke bla mpempe akwkw kpuchie polyps okooko osisi, ha ibu
na secretion, pta. -Adgh ala myirta na oak na Akanthuszweige, na mushrooms,
mosses na lichens nwere ike h. The ara madrepores zuru ike on a cylindrical isi,
nke a na kpamkpam kpuchie na nd d nd nd na Polpynblten; ha iso nke a
netwk nke alaka Alaka, nke gw na-agbasa site na ya center na kpuchie wee jiri
acha polyps izu. The domes nke Astraea b nn symmetrical na mgbe iru dayameta
nke 10 na 12 kw; na Poriteshgel-ab n'elu 20 kw elu; zkwa e nwere
columnar na club ekara, na ruby nke d iche iche shapes. "
"Onye bla tt ihe mejuptara zoophyte iyi si otu polyp, na-eto eto site
ngidere na nwa osisi guzobere na a osisi ma b a dome projecting a 12 kw
dayameta agta Astrastamm n'otu ihe d ka 100,000 polyps, onye bla. 1 / 2 Qu
inch enyene ;. Mgbe a Porites onye m anman o siri l Lin. obosara, n gg
nke nke ga-5 1 / 2 gafere nde. n ya ot ihe h n gg nd na na afo otu osisi m
anman na-ejikr na eme jikotara aka wee na nri, nwa osisi guzobere na mba n
gg nke dum ikpe na-, n'etiti onwe ha mpta njik. z, e nwere nd z b nd naemepta buds na-ebi n'otu n'otu enclosures anya d ka obere iko, mgbe fd d ka
emigh emi kw wdg "
"Polyps a tt nd mejuptara otu d iche d ka dd nke ha nkek bla z, ma
ha na-ejikr naan ke ukot, ebe onye bla chere na otu ogwe aka, ofri b inweta a
osisi- ma b ohia-d ka dd ;. Ma b na ha b akk ikpu onye bla z
ejikr na-etolite agafegh oke (agafegh oke?) iche-iche. na nke mb ah, obere iko

ola ga-anakta nke bla iche iche polyps, na nd z naan ewepgh mkpr nd,
d ka gorgonians, ebe n'ngide si polyps, ma ha chalices efu. " (Dana na Schleiden na
Fror. Bgh. 1847 nke June. Ee e 48.)
I nwere ike icheta ok myirta nke coral m anman na elu osisi nchegbu ma
naan dum polypifers, bgh onye polyps Animals (anman okooko osisi). b
eziokwu; ma n'ihi gn ka any na-atnyere onye anman okooko osisi na dum na
osisi, ebe b na ha kama d na-egosi nan na analogous nd na onye osisi okooko
osisi. Ajj nke ot e si egosipta na onye polyps okooko osisi d iche iche osisi ifuru
d ka onwe nd mmad n'otu n'otu, laghachi na ma alaeze d ot ah z, na otu ihe
nke na ha nwere emeela, n'agbanyegh ihe nwere ike ike ok d ka onye na dum osisi,
ofri osisi bna anya az d ka a nne na nna, kee ka onye na-aba, nd z ma b
obere chm nile polyps iberibe. na-ebilite d ukwuu si otu egg d ka osisi si otu
nkpuru; ya n'd amalite mgbe a ofu echiche, ma na fd nnwere onwe; onye bla
polyp ihe jikr ya na nd z site an okwu n (karsa mgbe na-aga site calcium
dd ewe on Edward si mm on inyme site anman nzuk echiche).
Yiri ya ma bna bgh iduzi odide psychological na mmekrta d n'etiti nd t
nke polyp ruo k k. M na nke a nd na-eson na nkwupta Ehrenbergs b-adr
mmas karsa (na s. Large infusoria-Werke 69) n'elu maara nke ma na obi t
anman volvox globator , ptara, nke, ma br na bgh nke na coral m
anman, ma a d polyp Stock tt nd m anman iche-iche na-nndu gbaa
nke a okirikiri, ejikr nan site threadlike akpa: " br na onye mere ihe nke-acha
ann ann ma b bara bara na agba na mmiri n'okpuru mikroskopu, any naah n'z doro anya a siri ike ekwoghar bl nke a b na ya pta nke mkpokta
mmetta. niile n'otu n'otu m anman na-ewere d ka gw ehi nke m anman,
nnn gb oloko, bna na-ab ab ma b na-ete egw nd na gw mmad aahkar n'af iri na ma ma b a nkt direction, mgbe mgbe na-bna na-enwegh
iwu na-enwegh uche n'z doro anya maara. nile igwu mmiri polypifers, na mma
d ka colder z ikpe n'okike ghotara nke a d ka a ha mmad na engines, esnede
ike na resilience nke nkt nzube, a nd nke na-ach ihe nwere gg isi r ya
gbuo oke ala-erughr ya naan ike rafuru. Ka na-agaghi echefu na niile n'otu n'otu
m anman sensashion akk enweta, nke b anya tnyere, ma na dgh ya mere
s na mmiri n'aka nke ya, ma ot mpako na any na-akpa gw ka m amaala nke
any ikpe d anya ok wa na-erite uru a sensashion-garanya d ad, any na- n'anya,
na-ekerta onwe ya na any. "
The dum ajj nke mmekrta nne na nna na ebutere individualities site na ah na
uche n'akk b mgbe ruo ugbu a a ok chchr gbara. Nwekwara otu onye gaechefu na ka ukwuu iche d n'etiti ha niile yie osisi na polyp ruo, na i nwere ike ime
na-enwegh ok kpachara anya n nkwubi site ntnyere site na otu nke z. ga-ab
na o kwere omume n'ihi na osisi ma a otutu ihe d n'otu agb Nigeria ga-d ka a coral
griin haus. dgh ihe z m maara na any hr coral growths nke mere mkpebi
agwa nke na mmekrta nke akk ah niile, d ka any ga-esi mara na osisi na nke
13 ngalaba.
Na iji n'elu ab atmat, otu onye ga-ekwu nke coral growths, griin haus nile b

osisi na polyps ke onye n'obi a na m anman. b ezie na-ebupta nke na nri a

na-e (b af nke onye polyp), n'ebe nile invaginations, ma e nwere indentations na
ike ga-achta na protuberances nke akuku, d ka nwesr na elu ntule, nke were d ka
m anman nile protuberances (villi) b, nke oru ngo, ka ihe-oriri ka nke
indentations (nsia tract).
tle Wezuga nnukwu mgbanwe na-eme n'otu kere eke ma n'ime m anman d
ka ihe oriri alaeze n'oge d iche iche oge nke nd, na fd nn ala-dina m
anman d ot ah d ka azundika jelii, bna ihe ptara h, d ka na-bna na m
ahh, ya mere, nruo mgbe niile nwere ihe bla ikweta na a e kere eke nwere ike
gbanwe anman na akwukwo nri agwa onwe ya na mgbanwe d ot ah nke nd
oge. Na n'ezie-ewere nd na ala e kere eke mmeghar nke a, b d ka ihe at h
na-eduga obi ab adgh ya d nn banyere na-ar ka d ka ma ma a ga-ahap kwa
ot anya n'ezie na a n'ezie m anman n'ezie osisi, ma b Anglkan ime, ; nke gaekwe n'ihe banyere ihe ah d n'elu echiche, dgh nd z mkpebi kara site aka
ike. 2)
2)

Tlee ihe banyere ikwu n'z n'etiti anumanu na osisi karsa amaokwu
Babl nd a na treatises: Unger, osisi n'oge Tierwerdung. Vienna. 1843. Ktzing, banyere mgbanwe nke infusoria na ala iche-iche nke
algae. Nordhausen. 1844. The otu na Linnaea. 1833. - Siebold, Dissertatio de
finibus inter regnum animale et vegetal constituendis. Erlangae. 1844. - Meyen
na Rob. Brown, Ihe d iche iche edeworo n'akwukw ns. Nd nhazi Nees v.
Esenbeck. IV. S. 327 et seq. Ma. Na s. Plant physiology - Thuret, Recherches
sur les organes locomoteurs nd spores nke algues na Ann. nke SC.
Nat.Botanique. 1843. T. XIX. - (A chktara gara aga kwuru pr chta karsa
na Ktzings font, na nd z n'z zuru ezu site Meyen na browns mbinye aka.

Schleiden (. Grundz I. 265) na-ekwu n'ezie na ya na mb gruff, ma sayens n k

n'obi n'z: " b naan na kediegwu mysticism ara ra sayens, ma bgh ihe
doro anya na, onwe-aghta eke nk ihe mma, pr iduga nd d ot ah reveries na
e kere eke adgh anya mgbe anman, n'oge na-adgh ozugbo nwere ike b osisi. ga
na-ekwe omume, onye ka ga-nn mfe onye na-mgbe anya az, mgbe fd, bna
nnn, ma b n'oge na-adgh ebe, n'oge na-adgh ike b rose, na mgbe ah ihe
niile any na sayens ga-ab nzuzu ma any ga-eme ka mma na-eto eto poteto na -eri,
ma ga-adgh nn n'aka na ha agagh agh m oke ma gbaa s. "
Achr m okphde cheta a okwu ihe Grabbe, via obi ike, ma site n'aka ebe n'z
dabara adaba, na-ekwu na otu nke ya ejije: "ekwensu b Chineke nso kara nd obere
onyinye" nke b banyere otu ekwu: otu mm ozi mfe karia n'ime a na aj kara gh
a ahumachi. Gn ka a pr kwuru na fd eziokwu ebe a si k kas elu mmepe na
ab na-emegiderta alaeze ah, ga-etinye ihe z site k kas ala mmepe na echiche
nke nd ka mfe; ha ga-eru nso na mfe gh ibe d ka Oke n'ala ala na kas elu mmepe
nke bla n'alaeze nke onwe ha.
Ihe nd mere eme onwe ha, ka nke any na-echegbu na nke a b d ka nd a:

Na fd algae (kacha aquatic osisi) na infusoria, na Anglkan, nwere ike rue, Onye
nn na mb na-ama ugboro ugboro kwuru na ajj ugboro ugboro; e nwere ugbu a
nso nso kara ka nke ma na a pr dabere kwuru banyere akpan akpan von Flotow
na Kiitzing na uru ugbu a na-agakwagh b na-na n'akk nke na-emegide. ma nke a,
n'ezie, nd nta e kere eke ngidere na-(von Flotow malitere) z, kpomkwem n'ihi na
nke a mere na ha na-agbanwe n'ime osisi ma b da site ndokwa d ot ah, naakwa maka osisi.
The obere egosipta, site na nke red-dyeing okwu nke snow b ( Protococcus
nivalis ), n'ihi na microscopic osisi (algae) b nd mb ekiri otu (Ehrenberg Agardh,
Decandolle, Hooker, Unger, Martius, Harvey,) atle; Ehrenberg b bna ike naedebe ihe mmeputakwa nke nd si na Alpine osisi na Berlin site kr osk sample na
oyi 1838 snow. The plantlets ba ego na-apgh gta n, nd Mutterkrperchen
ptara okwu, ma nd na-eto eto ghara red ma akwkw nd akwkw nd (a onu nke
a na-apta h n'tt e sijiri bara bara algae), na-eyi mba Chpta nke anman e
kere eke, kama na a ezi-na-grained, lobed nkpuru ala na rootlets kwa se, nke
Ehrenberg chptara na ya na gw, n'okpuru aha Sphaerella nivalis ga-gnyekr
n'ime ahha mmiri. Ka dgod hr nd z na-ekiri ihe, d ka Voigt na Meyen na
nke a reddening okwu kama enye nd shapes na mmeghar nke infusoria; ha kwara
nd nke anman. Shuttleworth akpatre d iche nwere obere infusoria, nwere obere
algae nime ya. Nd a na-emegiderta, b nke yiri ka kwa d ka nke ptara na nd naekiri nwere d iche iche ihe n'ihu ya, ma igbari site nn anya kwuru, nke Flotow na
otu, na-acha dyeing okwu nke snow nn yiri kama on snow, d na mmiri ozuzo osisi
ma b anman,Haematococcus pluvialis, mere. Nke a, esnede microscopic, ok
siri, * Tkwas na, nke onwunwu, bara bara blisters, ibido kpughere a nan eke
osisi, ma gh sinks n'okpuru kwesr ekwes nd, ebe d iche iche n'etiti iche-iche
n'z doro anya n nne ag, na a infusoria ( Astasia pluvialis ) na rsselfrmigem
(mgbe fd bna na gablig rapara) sens na niile ihe rba ama nke af ofufo ije
gburugburu; mgbe nke onye nwere ihe mere a ga-hr na akwukwo nri na m
anman ala nke red-dyeing okwu nke snow naan iche nkebi nke otu e kere eke
(karsa d ka Flotow Astasia pluvialis ka Shuttleworth Astasia nivalis na-eji na-acha
uhie uhie snow). Ebe b na Flotow ebe a egwu egwu, "o nwere
nke Haematococcus kama b naan ma kpam kpam anman ma b kpam kpam
osisi", na-ekwu ugbu a, n'ezie, nd na-akpali akpali H. "nwere nan ihe at ah e b
a Astasia nabata" n'agbanyegh Onwe-ya kpamkpam anman agwa ngaghar
ekweta. (Nov. eme. Acad. Leop. Car. 1843. T. XX. P. 413.)
Si Ktzings kwuru na-egosi na infusorium Chlamidomonas pulvisculus bna
multiple mgbanwe b ike nke na na n'aka-ya kpebiri algae
umu Stygeoclonium stellar , evolve, kama ka ihe nd z da site na ya, nke
nwekwara ebu a kpebiri algae agwa kwa se, b ezie na ha nwekwara ike iwere d ka
aj oyi Infusorienformen na-azr nwere obere na ile mmad anya d. ( na-aba ya
b tetraspora lubrica ma b gelatinous, palmella botryoides, Protococcus na Gyges typologies d ka d d iche iche nke mmepe na h.) Site n'otu infusorium
gbanwee Enchelys pulvisculus na a Protococcus na ikpeaz na a
Odzillatorie. (Ktzing, banyere mgbanwe nke infusoria na ala iche-iche nke algae.

Nordhausen. 1844.)
Na a n gg nke algae ( Zoospermae ), ma articulated d ka unarticulated, ma
ka nd z ala osisi (dkwa ka usoro ha, Nostok), na-e kwuru na nkpuru-ha mkpr
(spores sporidia, site na fd osisi a na-akp) si nne na nna osisi bursting pta maka
mgbe eme ka a af ofufo nke na-apta infusorienhnliche ije na mmiri (ot i nwere
akk iche-iche na-amata n'etiti ha b nd e n'ezie kwara site Ehrenberg d ka
infusoria), mgbe ah, na-amalite ruo mgbe a awa ole na ole, idozi na asiaha, nke mere
na ugbu a griin haus d ka nne osisi ya na-ebilite. b ezie na nd a nkpuru mkpr
egosi n'ime adgh anman nzuk, kama externally ma br na onye ma na ha yiri
ciliated ma b tar-d ka akk, d ka ihe z na-egwu na mmeghar nke ala m
anman, karsa tt kwuru infusoria, d k d ukwuu.
Olee iju nd a phenomena agp onwe ya, d ka onye na-eson akk Ungers font:ah "The osisi n'oge Tierwerdung". N'iburu akwkw ozi ka a enyi, mgbam
na Vaucheria clavata nwere " br na i soro m na nke a d anya, ot i nwere ike
omume g at anya ok obi t elu na-adgh: ka a kwara na z pp nke
sporidium na-ekwu (p 2l) ma ihe m ga-agwa g n'ihu, bna wildest gb elu nke
fancy karr. Ee, n'ezie, b r ebube, d a derogation si izugbe iwu nke onu na otu
nwere ike iche na dd ama kama kwere a uri akwkw ikike ebe a mgbe otu ugboro
ihe kpuchiri napr a nweela nke ha nwere ike kwa bch na hour obula ugboro nde
eme naan na h mode ma ka na-akpa: - omimi na mkpa nke na d mkpa nke mta
m ya onye nzkw, ma nn ihe magburu onwe onye ga-akp k, mgbe na site
mkpmkp ma br na dd nke ma nd d iche iche nd z kara nke na-emeputa
ihe, d ka na-apta h kpomkwem na ugbu ikpe.
The z na-akpali nd b nd a phenomena, ma br na madu jidere ha dum na
analg, nke ada n'ime kwuru, s m anman. The kw (kama na-akp maka hr
echiche embrayo) tt (elegh anya niile) nke nd ala m anman, nke na a sara
mbara uche a na-akp zoophytes ihe isi ike ha n d na osisi-d ka ibu, ya b nwere
a yiri nn mfe nzuk d ka mkpr ah baa ba algae, na-akpali naan maka a oge
free na ntutu anya akk ke mmiri na itinye onwe ha mgbe e mesr ngide na-eto
eto na osisi yiri. E nwere ihe nd kas zuru ok ntnyere n'etiti algae na zoophytes ebe
na nke a. Ee, bna na dt elu-ogo m anman ga-agbagote n'k fd tupu yiri
nd.
Nke tt kwuru na ihe mma n'isiokwu a, m ka fd n'ime ihe nd kas pr
dabere na nd na:
The obere algae Vaucheria clavata Agdh . ( Ectosperma clavata Vauch .) Ekpuchi,
n'otu tt nd mmad n'otu n'otu, n'd obere kwushin ekara ahha, elu nke nkumeemigh emi swiftly eru mmiri nke Central Europe. na-anchi anya a branched
unarticulated sooks si meptara na-ekwu 37 / 10000 Vienna. An ha DIA. -anchi
anya, nke nweta akwkw nd akwkw nd na agba na n'ime-ya chlorophyll. Ugbu
a ka o kwesr d a transverse mgbidi egosiri na elu nke Endtriebe na mb d mfe
hoses, na daptara kpr n'elu nkewa na-aba site a colorless, slimy-granular umi
akp a na mb akpkp conformal tube (Sporidium) n'ihu ya, nke na-kpr nke a

ciliated epithelium. N'ime uche ya, naan a obere Chpta nke nzuk nwere ike
hr. Site zza chaa sporidium n'out oge na thinning nke nta nke nd na tube aku site
resorption (mgbasa) ruptures ha, na sporidium squeezes site d warara banye oghere
"-edoghi any" na n'ikpeaz bna na n'usoro ije. Usoro a na-ewe nkeji ole na ole. The
sporidium nwere mgbe ahap a ube ma b ovoid udi, nke nta nke nta na-agbanwe
ka a mgbe nile oval, ma b ellipsoidal. Thapr nd nne hoses " adahade naan na
d ngwa ije na mmiri na, ebute d iche iche ntziaka gburugburu a yiri
infusorium." The ije b na a mgbe nile direction si ekpe gaa n'aka nri n'usoro na n'out
oge na-aga n'ihu. A na swinging cilia uniformly nwere epithelium arpta otu. br
na onye mere ihe nke kewara ji esiji kw n'ime mmiri ah, nke mere na pr h
vortex, na-eme ka nd cilia. Oge nke dkwa nway mgbanwe "-edoghi any" na
mmeghar si na ikpeaz nile site 2 awa. B kacha ptara h ot sporidia nd a
mmeghar ilezi anya zere ihe mgbochi nile ka ha zitere site na an ah nke rungs
nke Vaucheria dr ma Dodge onye bla z, ya mere, na-ewe ebe mgbe a nn
ma b wa ya tgharr. More ma b obere gburugburu nke imi, ntekwasa na
chlorophyll, kesara nn oge ufodu, tt ihe nd z kmpat kara n'ihu k tgb
na ike, b naan recognizable na nche ozu, nke nwere rba nkezi nke estidem
nd nke sporidium. Na cessation nke mmeghar, ihe ellipsoid mgbanwe nd na-*
Tkwas na udi, niile cilia akws na mberede, na-enwegh ebe maara ebe ha naaba; akwkw nd akwkw nd na agba na-ekesa uniformly, na yiri enyo nghta
nke epithelium na-gh a siri homogeneous osisi akpkp ah. N'ihe na-erugh awa
12, eriri afo akp site ozugbo nwa na otu ma b ab ebe ozugbo, ma na-eme ot
ah b phenomena nke Germination. Mmepe nke akpa na-aga n'ihu ngwa
ngwa. N'otu aka ya Nleta a mgbrgw dd, adru osisi emen, ka nd z ndt naakp, branched na na n'ime 14 bch n'otu sporulation. - Hot mmiri, bna site 20
Celsius R eme gbagburu na-akp akp sporidia Ma,-arpta a okpomk nke b
kefriza ebe mmiri na mb, b ezie na ihe nkws nke mmeghar na bna
vegetative nd phenomena emepta ma ha egbugh ma. h, ichu nwere ngwa ngwa
utp ke cessation nke mmeghar na-Germination na-egbochi. The galvanic ugbu a
nwere yiri mmetta d ka infusoria; a na-adgh ike na-akpata numbness na
irregularity na ije; a-emetta mmad ozugbo nw. nweta asd, alkalis na tt salts
ndidi na-egbu egbu na nn obere nke ukwu. N na a concentr.Me ngwta nke
sulphate nke morphine ji obi t sere n'elu germs, otu nr ezie na ibido ah gafee,
mgbe a obere ma ha malitere ha Nkea z, ma mb we wukwasi banyere na ot ala
z okirikiri, d ka ma br na ha b nd na a steeti n Nknw Ah, na mgbe a
nkeji ole na ole wee a j. bna ike nwere Opiumertrakt; bna n'onye kas nta
dose, etisaswo na mmiri, wetara mkpnw emepta na mmeghar na nw. Na
concentr. Cyanide dgh ihe z na h akk. Diluted mmiri nke na-eji na-perk sere
n'elu sporidia nd mberede edere duu.A ndek nke e ji esiji kw, d ka infusoria, biri
mmetta n'z bla. (Mgbe Ungers Akwkw Ns. The osisi n'oge Tierwerdung)
Thyret na-na spores nke Conferva glomerata na rivularis, Chaetophora elegans
var. Pisiformis, Prolifera rivularis na candollii Leclerc na nduzi yiri phenomena nke
ciliated ma b tar-d ka akk kpmkwem achptara. (Ann. Of SC. Nat. 2. Ser.
T. XIX.)

" Achlya prolifera (a Gallertalge) nwere ihe ab na d spores, ibu na d na obere

na obere nmba ke * Tkwas sporangia, na nta, na-emepe emepe gg ka ukwuu
n'ime unaltered filamentary gwgw t. Erule gwgw t iche n'oge nke
Sporenreife a obere okpu, obere oge tupu da spurs na a jukwara ije, agaghi asu a
wirtliche, mgbe mgbe akamba ukphde ke ebe na-ewe ebe. nke ije n'ihu mgbe
agbapta n'ah maka a oge gara n'ihu na n'ikpeaz na-an na ihe akpali mgbe asiaha
n'ime awa ole na ole. br na nd d ot ah a gwgw so na-atgbr chakoo,
na-emekar na-etolite a hr d ot ah okwu, malite na nke z nkebi, na na n'ime
ya, mgbe mgbe na d fdr okenye abchagh ndochi. a hr N'd d z spores
na mgbe ah na-agabiga ab oghere na ya tinyekwa na mgbe fd ogologo
gburugburu agbanwe n'etiti ab cell mgbidi ruo mgbe ha nke ab oghere. Ma naeme ka ha ghara iru nke ab a z na-eme ka n'ime nd okenye sooks dgh ihe z
mmalite nke Germination. "(Schleiden, Grundz. I. 264.)
"The embrayo nke Campanularia geniculata ( Sertularia geniculata mkpofu .) Ndi
elongated cylindrical ma b ube ekara, n'z zuru ezu enclosed site a siri akpkp
tube-d ka aru, na-enwegh n na-enwegh nwetr Chpta nke b t na n'ime
ime. Ha n'elu kpuchie ok tt ezi cilia adru oge ha na-etinye na a n'nd nke ime
ngwa ngwa mmeghar, ka infusoria igwu mmiri gburugburu na mmiri, na-ach ebe,
nke b maka ha n'ihu mmepe nke kas kwes ekwes. Mgbe a obere infusoriellen
nd ha nweta a disk-d ka dd, na rapara ihe na gbala a sooks-d ka ndt, nke
na-adgh bna d iche iche na mmalite ihe nd b nke germinating Algensporidien
na d. N'ihi ya, m anman agagh abanye nke ab ogbo nke nd ya, na polyp
ogbo, otu ebe naan kpr mgbe n'aka akk nke mmeputakwa -ab -. ezi d ka d
na embrayo nke azundika jelii site Ehrenberg si, Siebold si (posts. z Naturgesch,
invertebrates. Danzig. 1839), na kacha mma site M. SAR si kwuru na Medusa
aurita na Cyanea capillata (Njiko. F. Naturgesch. 1841. p 9). Ozugbo otu ahap nne
na ogwe aka, ha na-ntakr kara mgbe nnukwu, oval ma b ube ekara, dt abakr
ozu, na-enwegh n na-enwegh a Chpta nke nzuk n'ime. Aru-unu bu nro, nan
mejuptara a nn mma-grained kw n'ime na yiri nnukwu gba. Iji nwere otu dd
d ka nke ah ngwe. Oru guzo cilia ekpuchi dum elu nke ahu uniformly na-ekwe ka
otu r mmeghar niile ntziaka na n'z infusoria. - Na-egwu mmiri ha na-emekar
jiktara ihe ha longitudinal axis na masr njedebe tupu. Nan mgbe oge nke ha
infusoriellen nd ya gwr, ha nnyere n'ihu gwgw ofu, inwe ala a
azuokokoosisi-d ka ndt mgbe gbara ya gburugburu tentacles da mb n'obi naegosi na nd na-abgh n'elu, nke kwakwuru ka n na afo, ma si ot ha na-agh
polyps, kpafu alaka na mgba ma site a kara site transverse nkewa, naan-akw gw
da site Ouerteilung m nwoke nweta na udi ma na nzuk nke Akalephen. (Ungers
font 88.)
"The Vortizelle meptara a azuokokoosisi gbawara (na-amkwas na akpkp?),
Meptara az nku anya, peels si stalks, na-awaghar, Anam Udeme (ab molting?)
The az lashes z, ma b atfu ya, ma na-esetpr onwe ya na-az excrete a
azuokokoosisi ime ka a ezinl osisi na otu n'akwsgh akws ikwughar.
" (Ehrenberg na s. Ar r na infusoria P. 290.)
Mgbe Burmeister nwere Cirripoden, ya b Anatisen, na hatching nke egg-at ab

muscle rr tentacles na suckers, n'akk at na ab bristled endigende, ikpe

bifurcated gbara mkp kw, si cornea, crystalline oghere na nwa pigmenti dude
anya na igwu mmiri gburugburu unu kpamkpam; ma ha melite na mmiri iko na otu
isi, ot ha na-eto site na a uru stalk ma tba ya na an ah, na tentacles na anya, mgbe
z ab nke kw na-okpukpu ab na-agbanwe any tt feathered, gbagr
agbag vine. (Burmeister, onyinye iji ihe nd mere barnacles. Berlin. 1834.)
Mgbe Nordmann nwaany Lernaeocera cyprinacea d ka na-aba si na egg, nd
nkt n'd z kansa nje m anman, ya b ole na ole feelers, ab z kw na
onye anya; o nwere ma ha ga-eme n'dnihu obibi ch na enyemaka nke nd d ot
ah n'ah, a az na ya n'ihu ah na-abami miri n'ime an ah ya, ahu ya atghata
ofufe nke nd na akk na otu cylinder, na ike-na otu bna ma uru ah ma b
chpta akwara, mgbe digestive akk n'ihu kziri onwe ha na omumu akk
zlite. Ugbu a, na-angide ruo mgbe nwr na gwuo ala ha ezumike na-ak yiri
banye nri na-edozi site n'an ah nke az nd nwoke, b nke yiri na-eri nri ha Kote,
na mberede, ma sensory na moto akk mee na-emepta eto eto.(Nordmann,
micrographic posts. Z. Naturgesch. Of invertebrates. Berlin. 1830. Issue II. S. 123
iche.)
E wezga nd d ot ah mmeghar, nke na-egosi nan nwa oge ala nke mmepe nke
fd ala osisi ntule na-d iche iche iche phenomena nke ngaghar nke d iche iche
na-adgh ya zuru ezu, ghtara mkpa na meptara ala osisi ntule onwe ha ime, nke
nwere ike ichetara m anman phenomena na-agbanwe, mgbe fd, bna ma
br na na-adgh kama ebe a na-ekwu banyere m anman kara nke osisi.
"Ihe ka tt na-egbu nd phenomena nke Oszillatorien a obere algae genus
(kenmde nd z kama maka anman dd), show. Ha gosiri d ka obere eri si z
sara mbara kara ogologo cylindrical mkpr nd strung n, jupta na green na-akpa
kw na verschiedenartigem, nwere obere mmiri mmiri nwere obere granular
dnaya. top nke bla eri b ub tapered na okirikiri, mgbe mgbe limpid na
colorless. brhaala na ha vegetate agile, na-egosi nd a eri at a tktara ije, otu
nwet nta curvature nke n'ihu gwgw, a kara pendulum-d ka, kara na-agbanwe
ekwe az na-apta n'ihu kara na a gradual r elu. nd a mmeghar rr mgbe niile
n'otu oge, mgbe mgbe n'otu n'otu. i nwere (ekwu Schleiden) ihe iju, m chr ikwu
weird, kwa se. " (Schleiden, Grundz. II. 549.) br na jik Oszillatorien na a
gbara chchr n'ime l, mere meren si n'oghere h, nke mere niile Oszillatorien
dptaara mgbe oghere na-ap n'anya site na ike nke chchr ohere nke
ite. (Vaucher, Hist. Of conf. D'Eau douce. 171.) N'ihi nkwa banyere ngaghar nke
Oszillatorien s. Na Meyen si Physiol. III. 443rd
" Anya mmiri nke a Spongie (site na fd m anman gua) iberibe slimy umi
si, ot na-egosi na nke a na-Dujardin ibido kwr n'okpuru mikroskopu, ma na
ezigbo h nwere ike hr na n'n mechie uzo protrusions ya gg bla agbanwe
oge site mgbasa na mkpi. mgbe fd, bna obere iberibe 1 / 100 ruo
mgbe 1 / 200 mm ji nway nway na-akp akp aga na iko nd n'ibu. D. chr a onu
ke Spongia panicea, Cliona celata na Spongilla edebewo ebe b na 1835. kwa,

hr na n'n nke adwa kw nke Spongilla eri iputa nke pr iche nri, na siwing na
na; undulating ije, nke mere na ha na obere dpr adp pta a obodo ije, iche na
akwara n'elu, mere. " Armka megide d ot a obi t anman dd nke
Spongillen now, iche site na enwegh a afo, nd kwuru Hoggs na Spongille ha green
agba naan site n mmetta nke h na a napr ejighi, webata ya n'h gas ka osisi
yiri asd kpa gw wdg Wiegm. Njiko. 1839. II. P 197. 1841. II. S . 410.)
The deciduous na imeju Mosen, Charen na ferns zlite na mkpr nd nke ha naakp Antheridien ma b anthers (onye ptara b, d ka nd d ot ah rr ka)
helical eri (nke bla cell otu mgbe Thuret na Charen na-elegh anya ab), nke, ma
br na mkpr nd bia n'okpuru mmiri, na-eme a na; ije gburugburu ya axis,
bna mgbe tearing na Zellchens a ije maka mgbe n'ihi na mmiri na-angide na-esi
n'ebe a. Mmad nwere a gburugburu eri na-akp spermatozoa (spam) nke m
anman tnyere (bna kweere h bristles ma b N'chpta Atmat n'uche),
na-enwegh Ot d, nwere ikike mere ekewet ha a yiri r. Maka nkwa, lee. Na
Meyen, Physieol. III 208ff. - Schleiden, Grundz. II 48, af 66. 77. -. Wiegm. Njiko.,
1837. I. 430, 1838. I. 212. II. 85. 1839. II. 45. 1841. II. 423rd
The molekla mmeghar nke na-eme ka chaplet nke pollen dnaya mgbe ahap,
adgh ka ihe mee d ka na-adbegh anya nnyocha mmas, nke onye na-ekewet ha
mee elu mee mmas. (Mkpokta. Schleiden, Grundz. 11 303.)
Na tt osisi sitere ezinl nke Charazeen, naiads na Hydrocharideen na
Fruchtstiel nd Young Haussmannien na onye bla cell b ihe d mfe n'otu aka
argo, na-efedata d n'akk nke z ugbu a onye site na agba, angidesi (sliminess)
naContribuu
insolubility
okenye d mmiri mmiri nd fdr na mmiri-doro anya cell ihe
a millorarna
la traducci
na-edebe d iche iche mmiri mmiri nke karsa ji agh anya na fd na ha, nd
chaplet dude ke ihe (starch, chlorophyll, imi, wdg) na-aga n'ihu, ma naakacha mata n'z doro anya ezuru onwe ha. (Lee ke Schleiden, Grundz. II. P. 256.)

Text original

Nke Iri na At. d n'otu na centralization nke osisi organism.

Ihe niile ga-ad nn mma, ga-kwuru, ma br na naan organism nke osisi
n'ezie gosiri d n'otu, centralization, d a thoroughgoing linkage, mgbanwe, naesokwa-mmekrita nke n'akk nile na n'akk nke ya dd na nd, d mmak na
nrughar bara r d nke mmad na m anman iji chta na kwekr ekwek
okwu nke d n'otu na-ach nke a mkpr obi pr ime. Ma bgh. Gn b osisi ihu
ma karr a ikpo nke externally spliced mkpr nd; ebe ihe d n'ihe a n'otu center
nke na-enwe mmeri mkpa nchiri anya ya nile hinwiese nke n na-anata niile gbala
ot br nke m anman; ebe bla si na a na iweta ok, niile na-ejik ike na
nd n'onwe ya ekpuchi? N'ihi na n mpta iwu usoro, site na gburugburu udi b ma
na ike na ihe omume nd na osisi aka dum b zuru ezu ka ha kee. Abgh akk nke
osisi ma na-eche banyere tt ihe banyere ihe na-eme n'wa nke z.Ghp otu si
ya na ak ya a; na-etolite ngidere onwe ha, na osisi nke i si adwa na-etolite
continuously, d ka ma br na ihe bla mere ya. Na adgh d ka ta site adgide
adgide unit nke a mkpr obi. Nke ukwuu music ihe d nd mmad n'otu n'otu
banyere osisi ah; n'ezie d ka ihe na mkpr nd ihe d nd mmad n'otu n'otu; ya
nwere dgh gba. Ka any na-an a k nd d n'elu:

"Onye bla cell," na-ekwu Schleiden, "na-az na ya onwe ya na site na ya site

n'omum, n'z d iche." (Schleiden, Grundz. II p. 464.)
"The nnwere onwe nke nd nke onye na mkpr nd gb kwa, fd cell-Filiks
na-enwegh ihe bla uru maka nd nke b n'akk mkpr nd, ma si ot dum
osisi," (Ebendas. II p. 464.)
"Na ihe oriri nke dum osisi b naan na ihe oriri nke ha n'otu n'otu mkpr nd." (P.
466.)
"Osisi b ok mkpa d ka nd d ot ah nan na nke morphological njik
physiologically onwe elementr akk." (P. 470.)
"The cell any nwere ike d ka a obere onwe ha, bi onwe ha organism echiche. Site
na gburugburu ebe obibi otu mmiri mmiri na nri na ihe onwunwe na-amkr, si na
otu na Nleta site chemical n'ibu na-mgbe niile n'r n'ime cell, ihe hr nd ...
mmiri ozuzo na daktara na absorption na excretion of bekee, na chemical guzobere,
mgbanwe na decomposition nke bekee b dum nd nke cell, na - ebe b na osisi
n'ezie b ihe bla ma nchikota nke tt mkpr nd na-jikr ya na a kpmkwem
udi - nd nke ofri osisi. " (Schleiden, The Plant. 41.)
"Onye bla cell d ka na-edu a d iche iche nd nke ya." (Ebendas. 47.)
Mmad nwere ikwu ihe any na-an ya ebe a site na otu kachamara: osisi naemi odude d ka a dum ihe bla, na cell niile? b ezie na osisi b any organic,
nd, b, ma b nan d ka a dum, dd nke organism, mba, na-ebili-ya ike. Ha naeto si n'ala, ka toro n'ala dika a ntutu isi any n'isi; ha Filiks mgbe regsamer d ka
ntutu isi, bgh n'adgh a gland nke aru ayi, ebe nile di iche iche nke akwa na-eji
maka nzube nke dum. Ya mere, na osisi ikuku, h, siri ike ihe nke na-abgh wa naesichara na a peculiar z maka nzube nke dum.Onye chr h a Leberdrschen a
mkpr obi nke onwe ha; z b isi n'ihi na, d a Inweta na osisi? Ya mere, ka mgbe
niile osisi organically, na-ekpo k nd, ya nwere ihe echiche nke ya e kere eke na
imewe b isiokwu; ma br na b ma a na-ikpeaz maka onwe ya Organic, a
onwe-circling ka zurckbeziehendes on onwe ha nd, nwere ike echiche, nke b
isiokwu na ha k na nd, bgh ha chr onye na a aka ha immanent mkpr obi
kpr. Chineke n'obi nwere ike na-ebu na izu ezu nke wa ya echiche, echiche nke
osisi na-etolite nd n'onwe ya, ma b naan nd ya, ya echiche, bna n nd,
mkpr obi, ihe e nyere osisi.
Olee ot d iche iche a nile na m anman! The anman organism closes
gburugburu n'onwe ya si, ka atr ka a ga-circling n'onwe ya, na-ezo allwegs az
onwe ya. N'ihi na unu nwere ike na-akwa nd bla na osisi onwe ha, na ebe na ot e si
losreie ihe, na-ele dum. Dum na One ad naan na na site bla z d ka ha
b. D ka bla z eme ihe bla z site na mediation nke z na sekit na onwe
ya. N'agbanyegh ebe nd chch center gha, na o nwere ike b, na b ruo bla
n'otu n'otu ihe, ma b n'aka onye na mmetta d, nke ejik dum na niile agha
n'okpuru ya.
M chr iyuzucha niile nwere ike kwuru na uche a; Ee m maara ihe na-ekwu na
bna ihe mmetta Enderes n'echiche a nwere ike, gaara amas m ikwu ya n'ihi na

m na-Dodge nd jr, ma ga-amas izute ha. Ma elegh anya, m mere ma, bna naama kwuru kara tt ga-bna chr ikwu; g mkpa a mgbe nan wep. All naadgh nyere cogent ma doo anya na nke a n'uche ya na e wee na-ekewa, ya mere a
ga-ab ihe ayi kpatara; n'ihi na any na-agbal iji belata ya nd o kwere omume doro
anya na doro anya, n'ihi ya, ga-aba n'onwe ya. Gini mere ar ya? N'ihi na na-ebi
nyere.
Na ikwu ya n'okwu nke aka nke onye iro, m na-agba s na-eson esemokwu site
Carus (psyche S. 112) on nke tumadi nyere maka nzube nke gara aga n'uche ya, b
ezie na aku nwere obere na-ama n'ebe nd z con sidered.
"The osisi alaeze dabeere site na site, d ka bla osisi, nakwa d ka na dgas iche
iche nke n'd ya, tt ihe na-adgh agw agw ugboro ugboro nke a isi udi, b
site na site na cell ngng, emi odude ebighebi ugboro ugboro, ya mere onye bla
cell ugboro ugboro ikekwe akr dum, na maka otu ihe ah echiche nke ozuzu oke
dgh mgbe kpamkpam kwuo.1) bna layman, n'achgh ma ihe ala ka elu ma, si
ot kewara akk nke osisi nd z echiche na mmetta d na a an ha: b nd a
pr ikwu na mgbe mgbe niile-na a piecemeal, na nke a n'ihi na a dum. a mpempe
akwkw, kagbu a ifuru-eme ka ag na-eji dochie onye so a bi anman ga-enye
bla na-egbu mgbu. 2) The osisi emewo ka ah na ihu ma bla ikike idi na dgh
na n'echiche d na m anman d iche iche oru - ya mere ike, na iche ukwuu
heterogeneous nascent akk, nd d ot ah primal d ka j usoro-angide; - Na
nkenke, na-angide nnoo nan a plurality nke nkeji, kr ot ah ihe d n'ime
center, d ka nwere na anman, na b ezie na ha nwere ike b na-enwegh a
fd ozuzu oke, echiche b otu ihe ah mgbe dechara d ka na m anman site na
nke maka otu ugboro a na echiche nke elu ma na ala, nke mere h n'z doro anya
na m anman na-, na akwukwo nri ala-eze mgbe niile nn ok na-egosipta
onwe (ya ga-enwe mgbe nile na-ese okwu, nke na otu onye ga-ahuta ka nd kas elu
osisi); nd a z oge na site na osisi a n'ezie centralized usoro ma si ot a nkek zuru
ok nke d n'otu na iji obi dum enwegh d bla nke nsh l ike-atle ebe a.
br na any mere-agba nkt ka ikpo site na aha nke mkpr obi naan na echiche
nke bla nsh n'ezie meptara, o doro anya site n'elu na-egosi na ike ghara kwuru
nke osisi, e nyere ya a mkpr obi. "
1)

anagh m ah ot nke ah d iche n'ihe nd d ot ah ihe Abschlusse kara

ma br na any na-ah nke a ga-ekwe omume kacha mma mere ka fd
mkpr nd nke nd nne na nna ah na m anman, karsa d ka ihe ka
dgh onye ohere n'ezie n'ebe onye bla cell nke a ube osisi ma b a ariara
z a emepta ube ma b a ariara, egosiwo. O yiri ka m na gwgw nke a
cell n'ime a ozuzu oke tt na ikike nke a ma b na b onye bla cell
mta nwa dum ihe na-akpa iche site dum, b mgbe bla rba-ekpuchi z.
2)

mkpokta. ebe a na 20. 22. 68 iche.

Nso-doro anya na onye N'oge gara aga jr ihe achr site na osisi na mkpr obi

na na-ahgh ke ofri ofri ma b naan o di na m anman, na enwegh ihe mere

na-ekwu na d ka mkpa na d ad nke a mkpr obi, fd efu ihe, na ma ohiha
chta ihu ma na osisi d ka m anman, albeit a d iche iche d.
The anman bu z d ka ihe ma d ka osisi a obo externally jikr mkpr
nd. Onye maara na bna akwara na ike ahu emep uta eri na-ekewet nke juxtaposed
na n'omume gbakwasara eketet imede mkpr nd, na kemgbe-enwe ike na-ah nan
kas ukwuu ntnyere n'etiti osisi na m anman na nke a. le ebe n m
anman n'ime nke a cell yk, Central mgbe, ha na-ana na osisi? Na br? Ma
br b nan ihe an ah na-esote na n'etiti bla z site na-agba s emep uta eri, o
nwegh ebe a mgbe ebe ha na converge. Ma b b dum br bna a kprkp? Abkar otu chere ot ah, b ezie na b dt nnukwu maka a mgbe; ihe i nwere
ike ghara ma aka. Ma e nwere tt m anman na nan gbasasa kama a br,
njik albeit site irighiri akwara nwere ganglia, ma na-ekpughe-ar a d fd mkpr
obi na ukwuu z, n'z kwesr ekwes na-enwe mmeri instincts. The m ahh
tr n'ezie na a br; b a akwara n emi odude ke isi, na n'aka ndi si na isi
sensory akwara; ma b mgbe ihe na-erugh z akwara n nke otu m ahh, na
bee ya na ndi-ya n'isi, ot ah ihe rba ama nke iche echiche r ebigh'ebi.
Gee nt n'ihe a:
"The m ahh (m ahh) ime mgbe mwep nke isi mmeghar, nke ga-eme
ach. Isi ijiji na b ofufe na-eje ije mgbe wa ah mgbe ezi d anya na ogologo.
Bgh nan na ha akpali ruru ka mpga stimuli, ma z na-efeghar na fduru, ya b
gosiri na a mgbanwe bgh a ofu d, na ike adgh ka mere n'ihi ya nke ike
gwgw. a decapitated blowfly chebaara taba anwr k, nke dgh mkpa ka naezo aka a n s, n'ezie. odori ke edem, gbalr n d, na d ka ya, n'ihi na nke a
adgh eme, a kapr n ib osisi e tinyere anya ka support, o we kuru a mb na otu
kw, o mekwara nd fdr kw zitere. isi ebu gbgba na a n'z nke ha agba
mb gbgba pr isi nn aghtagh, n'ihi na na gbgba nke anman b banyere
kpamkpam mechanically kewapr odri, ma na m anman eji na ike nke
isiokwu, na-ejide ya na ndpu n'ime ya. D ka hr Treviranus. D ka mmeghar naadgh 3)mpiaji mmeghar, n'ihi na ha na ebe na-enwegh mpga ihe mkpali, ha nwere
obere ihe yie ah f, d ka ihe Grainger ime. Na otu aka ha na-ak Twitching, nke b
ah f nke aka, na aka nke z yiri ka ha na-achso nzube nke na-nyere site pr
ichet n'echiche. "(Volkmann na Wagner physiologist. Wort. Art. Brain. S. 576.)
3)

Okwu na-adgh kr na mb site ndehie ihe.

The j usoro nke Asterias mejuptara a akwara mgbanaka, na 5 ganglia na-ekesa

symmetrically, otu onye nke b ihe d ka nd z uru; ma b an nke na-akpali nn
n'ihe niile uma nke mkpr obi d n'otu d ka onye nke nwere naan otu isi Central
ngwa. Ugbu a, m na-ekwu: mgbe mkpr obi unit b nkesa 5 ganglia, o nwere ike d
nn ka mma na a nkesa nke 100 ma b 1000 ganglia iso, na ebe irighiri akwara naadgh mgbe niile na d mkpa, na-ji a-ekesa tt nde mkpr nd; any na-ah
kpomkwem, ya adgh adabere na achr centralization. na-adgh rr ka, n'ezie

na Zusammenklumpung akwara-uka na br mmad nwere d mkpa ya, ma ga-d

nn ga-z kara ka na-enye echiche na d n'otu nke mkpr obi.
Ebe b na bgh elegh anya na-emetta br, n'ihi ya, na-aga, na-ach (d
ka Carus) okwu nke ojiji, centralizing unit ofri j usoro. Ma na-anchi ya na
mgbe nd osisi na-agnar d ot ah a unit n'ihi na ha b ebe a lara agglomerate nke
mkpr nd, ike kt ke a usoro okwu nke nd d ot ah a unit, b nke na-a mere
agglomerate nke emep uta eri. Ka anya d ka j usoro onwe ya darbte a Central
mgbe, na anman d a centralizing gaara at anya na ya; ma nke a abgh ikpe. Na
mberede, i nwere ike, ma br na b naan nd iche nke a z internally mata
usoro ime ihe externally n usoro na nzuk, nwekwara ike d na gburugburu emep
uta eri nke osisi ihe a na a Central nd ka onye z ebu akk nke osisi, na br
na ka bch d mfe na osisi dgh gburugburu emep uta eri, nke a yiri na naan na
otu onye d mfe m anman na-enwegh irighiri akwara. Tupu mgbe any mmas
nt, ole ntnyere mgbe nwere gburugburu emep uta eri na akwara ozi, ma na-enwegh
chch nke tinyere uche na nke a ntnyere, d ka e mere; n'ihi na any na-ah dum
chr a Central ma b usoro Central ngwa maka Beseeltsein maka n'enwegh ikike.
The kas d rba at b ma elegh anya na dgh Central ngwa nke na dghalta n'ime onwe ya nrughar juices d ka a gbelu, okwu ma b nd nke unit,
nd na-ach, kre na mkpr obi d ok mkpa pr n'onwe ya na-enye any az nd
polyp. Ka any na-echeta na mb kwuru eziokwu. Ka a Armpolyp nn akp na
tentacles niile gbasaa, na-emet na agga, ma b emee ka anya doo mmiri ah,
contracts ozugbo ya niile akk d ka a obere clumps n. Na-ewe nn d ka nke a,
d ka a pr isi kwuo ihe niile nke polyp akara ererimbot ke ata, n'akk nile nke ah
na a nexus ejik mkpr obi, nke onye nwere mmas na-etinye nd z ka na, n'elu
odide peculiar, ihe kwesr ekwes iji onwe ha kkwara ihe omume nke mkpr obi
nke polyp na njik , ma m na-ekwu adgh ptara na polyps nd k ihe mma; ma
m ngide na-enwe na bna a ogbenye k ihe mma b onye chr nd polyps
agnah mkpebi, nr onwe ha, jikr unit sensations na-agak nke iche iche iche
iche n'ihi na nd d ot ah na-ag akk. Ma gn b mgbe polyp nzuk ya? A mfe
tube, nke b ot anya ma ara ma b irighiri akwara bla mma nwere naachpta, nyere otu njedebe na oghere tentacles. Mag n'ebe ah pr chpta irighiri
akwara, ma b ihe na z fd e nwere polyps n'ihi na n'ezie kwesr aha, ma a
Central g n'lnga na a circuit gagh achpta. Ma ike nke ukwuu nr onwe ha
na coherent n'onwe ya adgh emet ha n'ah na any nwere na mberede na-enwegh
isi ngwa na mgbasa ad, o nwere ike bna-akws d ad na-enwegh, n'ihi na naapgh agb ya mgbe ah.
bgh ya tnanya na b na, d ka ma na-emekar bna kara dum dgas iche
iche nke nemegide aru-ejik kpr weere mkpr obi, onye aka nke z b ot
kpr ihe, ma b oge nke ntoputa nke a hptara isi ma b ngwa na nke a
manifold ka a pr iche okwu ha n'otu ike ina? Tlee gg na a kaleidoscope, onye
bla doo nke yi kpakpando ptara na ihe d ka nke z; na-na acanthus nke na
Krint isi ahu di bla mpta mpempe akwkw nd ptara ihe d ka nke z; bgh
akk ah, nke na-anchi anya nd eweta d n'otu echiche na ga-ad ugbu maka
adabako akara ke ofri, karsa, b na dum adgide adgide symmetry ihe. Ma b,

kama d ka ebe a na echiche nke ihe na ga-enwe ike ach mkpr obi nke a isiokwu
a gbara kprkp gosiri na nke ha n'otu ike na a karsa magburu onwe
akk. N'ezie, otu onye nwere ike na-ezo na yi kpakpando kaleidoscope na etiti, na
acanthus akwukwo na axis nke agba d ka n'otu; ma nd d ot ah ideological center
nwegh enwegh osisi, ma b na otu n'ime n, downstream site na nke
mgbrgw, azuokokoosisi adahade elu, b na onye chr na-ezo aka axis nke dum
osisi, site na nke a normative b ptara na agbanyegh mere na botani d ot ah a
nsogbu oge.
Echere m na b na ah d ka na wa. Chineke na-ach ach d ka odu ke kpukpru
ebiet ke ofri ererimbot, ejik niile jikr, na-enwegh obi ya chr ptara na n'etiti
Central Sun;naan ka a na-abgh ihe onwunwe ike center (centroid) nke dum nwere
ike chere, ma d nn ka mma n'etiti Suns n'ime ohere kara na a otu ihe ah pr da,
na a ga-d nn ka mma chta, d ka ihe niile nd suns-ab nn otu ihe ah. D ka
ogologo oge ha na-adgh ewute, ka ibu na ihe nd ka mkpa anyanw n'ezie nakwa ihe
na z d mkpa kara nta na Mkpa k.Ya mere, b na any nta ah nwegh otu
almdi na onye d ad nd chch na-eweta d n'otu ike nke mkpr obi ejik; naach ach d ka odu ke kpukpru ebiet ke idem ka Chineke n'wa. Ma br na n'otu
ah na akk fd nweta ihe d mkpa kara nd z, a kas elu nd z, pkwara
pta ihe mbara mmepe nke mkpr obi megide ala, ebe ihe nile b otu ihe ah,
ptara bgh nan ptara na d ad nke mkpr obi; na-na osisi, a dghkwa ach nd
d ot akk, ga-ab na any internally na gburugburu ara, ma b iji na-egbukep
externally na ifuru na, bna ma br na bgh site n mmalite ruo ebe ah, ma
site na nmalite nke Will, na ama dum nd usoro nke osisi b na ya na nke a Will. Ee a
direction, nke na-akk ah niile na n'akk nke nd usoro nke osisi site n mmalite
ka mmepta nke okooko, na-egosipta a priori kas mma Untriftigkeit nd niile boro
na osisi bla ma a yk nke soje ikwu rr mkpr nd. ga-, d ka ma br na
a mara mma dome nke a j na nkume ikpo nwere ike too nke ma na ya.
Na kwa nke nkt N'ezie onwe ha nan were mkpr obi d ka a corporeal-an na
ibu nkt l nke ha mgbe ah n'ezie nakwa a pr iche oche d ala ga-ach ha n
n'oche ha na-achkwa si n'ebe dum nke ah ah na b akpkta nd chr ah
ekwe. mkpr obi Man eche banyere ot eze-nwanyi nke a na-ar, nke-an n'ime a
karsa magburu onwe nd nke a n'ala, na gburugburu nke dum ezinl nke osisi
ah na-agbaghar. Ma any chere na ihe oyiyi ofu, ot ah ka mkpr obi nke ekwo
Ekwo b ma n'ezie bgh nan na Weisel, nke ga-ab a akwuru anu, ebe e nwere ihe
bla ma a nwunye eze; b nan ihe isi ihe na ya. Na nke bla cell, ebe a anu d,
kama and ihe nke mkpr obi nke ekwo Ekwo. br na ekwo Ekwo, Ot d,
eze nwanyi guzo ap megide nd z a ot br any ma b a k-ya tupu nd
z na akk, nke a b agaghkwa ikpe na mkpu, ebe ma-emettakwa n'otu ma nye
iwu hergeht d ka a. fn, m na-ekwu, ma br na anman nd na monarchical
a, nd osisi na-Republican mkpu. A Republic ma d ka nke ma d n'otu ya d ka a
ji akwado chch.
b ezie na nke a n'otu kpr yiri nwetara ihe na z tiri nchitere anya na a
Republic na a onyeeze. Ma, olee ot dabere a? N'ezie naan na bla onye na-eme ka
ya onwe ya a monarchical usoro na br na elu; N'ihi ya, a ha mmad na-now z

na setpr na-ekwubi na a chch nd eze, a Republic iji wuchaa d n'otu. Ma-egosi

ndanda na nke a mettara dd nke Republic. Na na-ahgh ihe bla mere ga-esi
ike kar uwa, dina ezigbo d n'otu ke kpoktara misshapen mkpr nd d ka yk
dgas iche ndanda.
Mgbe niile, otu onye nwere ike inweta ihe ajj nke elu okwu ma an ah nd
maka mkpr obi unit na osisi echiche iji mara ma na osisi yitr agglomerate ka
br m anman, ma b a yiri, Central nd na mmekrita ike nke aru-ewe d
ka ya j usoro; n'ihi na nd b lumps na usoro na-eru nso na-ach ot ah ihe ma
bna a ukwuu tt nd mejuptara ka cell owuwu nke osisi, na d ka any hworo,
na-lumpy bna onye bla an ihe mere n, na n b ezigbo njik na niile bla
oke eriri -ah ma b Central Strand.A netwk na tt n nwere ike na-akwado
echiche unit d ka a tar na otu n na nke converge tt eri nakwa.
Ma, a buu dabererta n'onwe nke n'akk nile na-eme nke nemegide aru na co na
nd, ga-Ot d ga-agwa nd ah na-kwesr ekwes r maka nd mmad n'otu
n'otu d ka ngosipta nke ojiji na az mettara onwe ya mkpr obi na-ach. N'ihi na
nd d ot ah, any na-na m mmad na anman aghta d ka ngosipta nke eweta
d n'otu mkpr obi na-ach. Ka any h ma b na-angh na osisi. Gn n'ezie
banyere n'akk a chr ozugbo, ya mere ebe a na-elekta ama mere ihe mb
ezu. Ma nn nke mgbanwe d mkpa nke akwkw ka na-ach ya m megide n'elu
assertions.
b a ndudue z d nn, br na onye na-eche na mpga udi nke osisi, nke
encloses dum cell ngng nke a n'otu atumatu, d nn b nan ihe mpga na ya, nke
anagh abata abutment mgbe na-aba ajj b ma na estidem nd mmegwara njik
d n'etiti agha na ihe omume nd niile n'otu n'otu mkpr nd b n'ihi na nd a mpga
d b naan na atughar o abgh mmetta nke internally coherent na mmekrta nke
ngkta nke ihe niile mkpr nd onwe ha, na ohnedem bgh na-aghagh ime, d ka
na d nn pta. br na ma a tulip blb n'okpuru ala mgbe eyi ihe bla ma a
tulip n'elu wa, b nd pr r ka na-agha nke na-etolite na osisi d n'okpuru ala, na
genauestem njik na nke r r, nke na ya n'elu uwa d; mkpr nd nke yabas na
tulip na ndokwa na r na-ark r n?
Site n'z nan na-akwa osisi "n'ihi na a morphological njik physiologically
onwe ha so oru", N'eziokwu eme ihe bla ma a atuaha na adjecto mehie. Ma nye
n'ezie kwere ihe mmad kweere nd na a cell na-akwadebe maka njik nke dum
osisi. B. cornstarch, sugar, ba uba ya n'z pr iche, otu d ka vermchte site n
mmekrta a? Enwere osisi na-iso nke naan otu cell ( Protococcus ) ma ka navegetating, mgbe nke yiri ka d ar nke ah ga-ab ma ihe ezi uche ma b ahr
anya eziokwu na a na osisi cell nwere ike d onwe-emere onwe ya, n'ihi na d nn
n'otu oge kpmkwem, ka d ike matakwu ikpebi na osisi na mkpr nd, bna
mgbe ha b z maka onwe ha, ma nwere ike d na-ad onwe-emere onwe ya,
mgbe kpmkwem ahmah kama na-egosi na o kwegh ha.
ga-ab n'ezie eziokwu na otu onye nwere ike na-akwa nd efep akk nke a osisi,
n'akpasugh nd z nke osisi ub gbanwere site ot chr ya kpmkwem egosi
megide r nke d iche iche osisi akk na ha na r b site na ibe; ma i nwere ike

h zuru ezu, ka ahmah nd na-egosi nn na-abgh. Onye na amaghi mmanya

ngalaba, osisi trimming? M bee a n'alaka l r ebe a si, drava maka a hr si a
nwa osisi na-agaragh chpr. M na-a osisi niile epupta, mgbe fd, bna ogwe
na mgbrgw ike tinye; M'gbipu na mgbrgw, na-aga azuokokoosisi, alaka na
akwkw ya otu mgbe fd, anagh; me-kwa-hr mgbrgw, nke ga na
garagh chpr; b d ka nd na ngwere, nke igbup a kw, o nwere otu, ya mere
onye bla, o nwegh onye, ya mere onye. Na otu onye na-adgh achpta mmetta
nke obere unan na osisi, n'ezie; ma gn mere dgh-efu. N'ihi na d ka n'aka na naele a osisi na a bukwanu mgbanwe mgbe na-p niile epupta, n'ihi ya, gaemekwa ka obi na ya na a nta ruru naan gbanwe ma br na onye na-ewe ya otu.
Ebe a nd a na usoro eziokwu na mgbanwe d mkpa nke akwkw, na. The akk
nke osisi na ala elu, d ka si n'elu ala, d ka e si axis n'akk akk, na Anglkan, b
kwa n'okpuru d d iche iche
Schleiden ekwu (. Grundz B 218.) s: "Any na-achpta ngwa ngwa na na onye
mkpr nd nke Chara na oblique ntziaka nke green chaplet therethrough
gbakwunyere site na-eson mkpr nd a zuru ok gburugburu, d ka mgbe hr a
peculiar mmekrta d n'etiti gburugburu ego ab n'akk mkpr nd kama, ka
aa nt nke hr yiri ka-angide na gburugburu ngidere. " Eziokwu a ga- bgh
jiworo kwe niile n'elu okwu Schleiden.
Linnaeus kwuru na a osisi, iriju af n'ekpere na ite z, tt af anchie alaka
Alaka weputa, d ka otu, nch na a narrower ara, ngwa ngwa yi okooko osisi na
mkpr osisi. - Lee otu onye nwere ike h na mmetuta nke d nke dr nwere on
okpueze nke osisi.
Knight ejiriwo anya na niile ube na apl, osisi ya, nke onwe ha p n mpta akk
nke ya ogbugbo, na af ab, ihe osisi ansetzten, d ka ha d na iri ab bu z af
(Decand. II p. 812). - Lee, mmetta nke a mgbanwe na elu akk nke ime-ezipta.
Solv- nke gbaa nke a n'alaka l r ma b osisi na-annular warara nke
n'gbgb si (na-akp. Magic Ring), ya mere, wears n'elu ukwuu okooko osisi na
mkpr osisi, matures ikpeaz ngwa ngwa, na-ewelite mb ya epupta si na na esi
z na osisi d ka n'okpuru na ngalaba (Schleiden, Grundz. II p. 503). - Nke a naegosipta mmetta nke a weputara naan na obere akk gbanwe dum ahha nke
osisi.
Mgbe a aka, z. B. site apricots, ka atr ka a piom ebo, ebo uwe piom nway
nway na ibu yiri mgbaaka nke aprkt osisi (ebendas. S. 803). Ebe i nwere ike h
n'z doro anya ot bgh naan mmas n'okpuru mgbanwe elu, kamakwa n'elundokwasa mgbanwe ala mmetta.
"Inweta ihe oyi a osisi, guzo ya mgbrgw n'ime ala ma b na a ara mmiri, nke
b nan ole na ole degrees n'elu kefriza ebe, na-eweta n'ime alaka ya (na-enwegh ya
si ada ke oyi nje iwepu) na a griin haus, nke a na-ewe iwe ruo 12 Celsius ma b 15
Celsius (C.?), ot e na ya epupta na okooko osisi, mgbe nd fdr nke guzo oyi
osisi ma kpamkpam sikwuo ama ptara. (Decand., Phys. b 76.) ebe a any na-ah,
na ubara r, nke e mere site okpomk na alaka, ka backward kpaliri oriri gwgw

r nke mgbrgw napta ihe na naa n'ime alaka "n'ihi na," na-ekwu
Decandolle , "mmiri na-amalite nd a buds na-adgh pta nke hothouse, ha bi na ya,
ma e si n'wa ma b mmiri gbara ya gburugburu na mgbrgw; M doro m anya na
mmiri na ara, nke na mgbrgw na-submerged, mbelata. Knight ruru ihe ah o
kwuru na nje na nd a kwara freezes z mfe kara na mb, na otu ihe. The Mkpa
k kefriza-egosi ya b, ka na osisi ogwe n'okpuru etinye n'ime griin haus akk z
mmiri d kara na mb. "
br na a osisi ogwe onye na-ewe ya epupta na May ma b June, nd niile
buds dina n'ihe ha armpits zlite na ntp, d ka onye pr h na abgelaubten maka
silkworms mulberry osisi, nakwa d ka a ak mmiri gw ah na ubi mkpr osisi
niile Ib akwkw ala kwaa, na-ekpo k ma na iru mmiri ihu igwe emee. (.. Decand
II p 482.) br na tt alaka b na-esote onye bla z, ya mere na tt
ngwangwa a na-nr ag ike; ma br na tt mkpr osisi sitere n'otu, ot ah
eme nke ma o bu ndi ibu b ike, na-aga nke z na-aptagh h (ebendas S. 484th.)
- N'oge mmepe nke hr epupta nd ngaghar nke osisi ra kacha nso guzo n'akk
doo nn unregulated na ji nway nway, bna fd osisi (eg. B. Lupinus b) na
oge nke mmepe nke okooko osisi na mkpr osisi nke ikpe. (Dassen na Wiegm Njiko
1838. B 216 ...) - Na nd a, otu okt a mmekrta d n'etiti agbata obi n'akk akk
nke otu osisi.
A kwuru na a na-ejikar b na Compt. Rend. 1835. II. 360 Site Jaubert ugboro
ugboro na eziokwu, na-ike chta na n'akk, ebe alaka nke osisi nd kas sie ike
mgbrgw. na-ekwu o mere nke a ezi mgbe d na Sologne nd grubbing nke
osisi. - Ebe e nwere b a pr iche na mmekrta d n'etiti akk fd nke osisi, na
fd nd z n'ime otu osisi, nakwa d ka na m anman d iche mmekrta mgbe
ime.
Mustel nshrans na ihe mere na nd z niile na ifuru akk anw mgbe bee
petals mgbe a ifuru-amalite ime n'af; na-ewe otu iche e mesr, ot ah mbrayo na
o yiri ka adta naan ihe nd z mere. - Ebe b na i nwere miko na adomokoro
na otu samples (Mustel, Trait de la VEGET I. 178 ..).
Mgbe ubi (Vers. Ma observability. On mmnwa nke akk nke vollk. Family.
1844.), ma br na njikta spam nke ovary na-adgh chipped, ah na-akws iko na
adopts na-adgh ewuli aha, ma nwere njiko spam nke ovary mere, na-enweta tt
bch, na-adabere n'd nke osisi. - Nke a na-egosi a yiri miko na agbara direction.
invariably kwuru na vine na-acha ann ann mkpr van na ba na-acha odo
odo epupta, nd na-acha cha ma b odo mkpr van ma odo. (Decand II S.
707 ..) - a pr h ot nd na agba nke osisi akk ewe ebe ke a na-eru ah dum
contiguous gbelu.
b na-ala ga-enwe mgbe nd d ot ah mere eme pgh gp na osisi b a
tightly agb mmegwara mmekrita nke akk ah niile na onye, nakwa d ka
anman.
Mgbe any na-ekwu okwu nke a buu dabererta n'onwe nke n'akk nile nke osisi,
any nwere a N'ezie a gagh aghta d ka ma br na ugbu a na-emetta na anya

vermchten mkpr nd na-akpata n'n-aza ajj na mkpr nd nke ifuru. dgh,

d nn naan na enyemaka nke nd z na mkpr nd nke osisi okt mmekrta
kama; d ka b otu ihe ah ka d na mmad na anman. The akk nke kw m na
isi m na-eme naan site na mediation nke n'akk nd z onye bla z; na na nke
a, e nwere ihe nd z d anya mmekah. Any maara ikike nd na ikpeziri nd a
mmekah, d ka obere na anman d ka osisi kpamkpam; ma ya odidi nke b na-d
nn ka o doro anya na na osisi d ka m anman.
fd mafe cha na-, Ot d, ihe mma any n'ezie na-aga; ma otu onye gaach h dum ihe na ya, kama b naan oge dum. M na-echeta nd na-eson: D ka
site evaporation nke osisi n'elu mmiri na-efu, na a ga-achkwa pressure- si n'okpuru d
ka mman nachsteigt n'akuku na orina na, d ka ot na-eri elu. Tr n'ebe bla a
cell ma b eriri on, ga-eme site nsogbu na ike nke usoro; Eche a z akpchi, na
ihe na-ach ime ka site na ike nke okporo gw usoro; b akk agbajikwa
p, na ihe na nnukwu quantities b nd z uru. Iwu nke exosmose na
endosmose d ka nke a n'ihu agha, d ka any maara. - Otu nwere ike j, ihe nwere
ike nd d ot ah a hydrostatic-hydrodynamic Filiks nwere mgbe ihe ptaara nd
maara ihe gbasara mm. Ma mgbe any na-ah ihe ma b obere ngwa ngwa ma
b n'z na-agba s na isi any na aru d na bara, ga-ab bna naan site n'onye
ah nke ukwuu n'ibu-enwe nsogbu vaskla usoro, na echiche na-agba s na nd
uche nwere ike mta ihe nd kas mkpa mmetta, na mgbe ya na-agba s ba, naezu ike ; ot any bkwa onwe ha nwere ike nkwa a ptara na psychic ma n'ibu oge
na ihe na-agba s n'ime osisi; ebe b mgbe niile free na-etinye na enwegh
nnwere onwe nke n'ibu usoro na-abgh free akk nke mkpr obi na
mmekrta; n'ihi na n'ezie, ihe na-adabere na any na eche na ot obi si n'ibu n'akk
nke bara s, ihe d nn unfree n'ime any.
The gara aga adgh egbochi ma bula cell nke osisi n'z fd na-edu ha na-ebi
ndu. b naan d nn elu iche nwa nd. Goethe-egosipta ebe a na ya
Metamorphosis nke Osisi n'z dabara adaba ezu site: "bla d nd b One, ma a
tt; bna d ka na-egosi na any d ka mmad, na-angide na-a nzuk nke bi
onwe Nigeria na echiche nke osisi, b otu n'ime dd ma otu ma b yiri, nwere ike
h ma b dissimilar. " br na a na phenomena nke onye cell nd apgh
unilaterally ike anya eduzi d ka ma br na a thoroughgoing n'ozuzu usoro nke ha
na-eme si ot n'z fd na-ekwe.
Ka thoroughgoing na; mgbanwe na-ekpuchi n'akk nile nke osisi, any gaakpkwa maka a na-aga n'ihu na-enwe ganihu banyere nd nchiri nd-phenomena
nke osisi z d ka ngosipta nke gbasara ohere na temporal ya akara ererimbot ke ata
na-ejik mkpr obi unit. bna nke a na-adgh ak k. N'eziokwu, nakwa d ka
ifuru nke bla osisi guzo na nke malitere Toughened ding k-ala mmekah nke
d na r, mgbe bla na mb ogbo nke mmepe nke osisi nwere a oyi otu onye
maka otu mgbe e mesr. The ugbu ala nke osisi b na-efe m a na-ewu ewu okwu, nke
mere na-ekwu okwu, mgbe kagbuo na-eso; ie, nke ugbu a adgh angide, ma naenweta retara site na mmetta nd na-eson. bkwa ot any ugbu a na-eme nke
mkpr obi na nd na-eson mmetta site ngidere nwetara bna ebe ha adgh egosi
z na-adgh na-echeta. Ma br na mkpr obi eme na-akwado site na an ah

na-eme, na-adabere kpmkwem on ibe.

Ihe at nke a usoro mmekrta nke mb ka e mesr Filiks ke osisi nd nwere obere
ama ke n'elu, ebe b na interactions na mmekrta meren n'ezie nan na na site
ngalaba-ad organism. M ike itinye nan fd kwukwara, ebe onye nke ikpeaz
n'ime mmekah na-egbu na echiche.
Iji nkebi a nke karsa n'oge ruo n'oge phenomena nke osisi nd, ruo n'k ha nwere
onwe ha nke periodicity nke mpga mmetta; site a na mb hr tupu steeti a-egosi
d ka ihe ndabere nke ya mbubreyo iro omume.
" dgh ebe," na-ekwu Decandolle (II p. L8), "a na nwunye nke periodicity ma
b gw na-ekwu ihe ozugbo, d ka ma br na onye naturalized osisi nke a wa
na-abgh. Ewepta g any mkpr osisi na nd n'gb Southern Hemisphere,
n'ihi ya, ha na-a af ole na ole site n'ngide na-oge ntoju oge, nke kwekr na any
iyi; agbara ewe ebe mgbe otu onye na-eweta fd osisi na Southern Hemisphere ka
Europe ". "tt mgbe nd ikpe na a osisi na mr n'ime otu af nn tt mkpr
osisi, ma b ngidere mkpr d na d nn anya, nd na-eson af, ma bgh
blooming nta. Southern Europe na-e kwuru na mman akuku ada, mgbe olive
( Olea europaea ) doo mbubreyo n n'elu osisi nile; nke ikpeaz nd b ka ta
dr, na osisi olive nke yi a af mgbe onye nke z mkpr onye na-att na aka nke
z, na mkpr oliv n'oge on, ot i nwere ike ihe ubi kwa af. ".
The phenomena nke Habituation b kwaga ebe a, nke A chptawo na nd chr
nlezianya osisi na osisi nd z (lee p. 181). One N'ihi ya nke gw a b na mmetta
s s osisi, b ezie na ha n na-na l n na-ewepta epupta na onye bla
vibration, nke a na-erubegh eme eke ala n'z nakwa. Njik ekwu na nke a: "N'oge
ifufe epupta a osisi nd coincident, ma eduzi n'agbanyegh nke ifufe z, ina-eji
adru d ka eziokwu na agaghkwa eme ihe na ya."
onye furu efu, onye na osisi a nrughar mmiri, ot nwere nd d ka e kwuworo,
polyps, na anman nd z d ka obere na indisputably ezi nke otu d ka nke
predominance nke Central Organ; d nn ptara n'z pr iche dum nwere ike
mmas na unit, na-enwegh nke ptara nan z. Ihe kachasi mkpa a ga-enwe mgbe
nile a nd gburugburu na-agba s juices na okirikiri nd d ot ah a gburugburu
nke mmekah na nd d ot ah phenomena na-akpata merie mmetta nd na
akwukwo na ifuru, na-, z, nke a b ikpe azu azu. D nn na ya ma, izi ihe ah d
n'elu ihe at amply.
Ma, olee ot, ha na-ekwu, nwere ike ghara bee osisi n'ime otu nar mkpr, na onye
bla n'ime nd a iberibe, mere ka cuttings ngide na-eto eto? Nwere ike otu ihe
ekewa mkpr obi bna otu nar mkpr? Olee ot mmad kwesr iche na?
b eziokwu, d ka d nn mfe iche n'echiche na osisi dgh mkpr obi; ot
na-ezere na-eche ihe isi ike, d ka na mgbe ah na-akpa gw na cleavage. Ma m
na-ekwu, dd na-elekta any ala ma b ihe isi ike iche echiche ka, bgh.
Any nwere ike ghara kwa bee polyp n'ime a nar mkpr, na onye bla ibe b a
hr polyps? ga-kwuru z: ihe beweisest na polyps, any bna ikweta na o siri
ike a mkpr obi? Na Aga m echeta az ya mkpi na kntakt na agga n'n, ya

iribiga ihe k, ya squabbles n'elu kwatara, ya oke nke ihe oriri, ya uche na h. Ma
nke N'ezie, any nwere nn kemmekpa ahu, na polyps na-eche echiche eme; Ya
mere, any na-ah d ka nd kas. Ma any na-dabara nke ma bgh referenced
polyps naan ya. bna ihe earthworm nwere ike ebip ya ib ab; onye bla b
hr earthworm. Olee ot any na-eche ebe a? The earthworm b anman nke
nwere ugbua vaskla na j usoro, zr az digestive akk na uru ah. E nwere
tt nar na tt puku nd z na m anman nke otu onye okt otu.
bna n'bch nd a m na-ag na Froriep na Schleiden si ndetu nd na-eson naadbegh anya mgbal nd Nais serpentina goro.
Schnetzler bee tt mmad anman nke d na at ma b an ahagh iberibe na
natara site na nd a fr nke nta mgbe n gg hakwa nd nd mmad n'otu
n'otu. N'otu napr etiti, esnede at yiri mgbaaka iberibe na O were tt bch ebu
ihe m bla nke nd; bara mgbasa ngidere na ya respiration, "na-eche", ije, wdg
N'oge nke cha nke uru ah mechiri ma nsia tract kara iko buru ibu-nwe, ya mere
gbochiri leakage nke nri ihe ; nke nta nke nta na e nwere ihe jikr az na
abdominal akwara ara weputara z, n'ihi ya, ghr nway nway kp mpempe
nd hr n'otu n'otu. (Froriep na Schleiden bgh. 1848. Jan. 35.) "Mgbe ah," naekwu shredder, "ka ihe ga na chemical na ikike nd sitere n'okike nke chpta anya
ngosipta nke nd nke onye eke, na ihe nile yiri mgbaaka a Naide ka nwere otu ume,
ot n'ezie ezinl ah dum e ji enwegh bi n'ihi na m anman na r, nke mere na
a dum anman d ka na-eche yk nd mmad n'otu n'otu na a latent nd. "
Ya mere, a k mmta sayens na-adr nd na nnwale gwgw: "ah a dum an
d ka b nd na-yk nke na nd mmad n'otu n'otu na a latent nd chere,"
n'ikwu ya n'z z, na osisi d yiri nn na nke a. Ma Nkea eri, na Naide ka ahh
ma b leeches dworo nd na nd d ot ah doo anya ihe rba ama nke onwe ha
adgh emet ha n'ah.
bna ka m ahh elu nwere ike d ka track; b ezie na amagh isi.
A ebu, intersected n'etiti obi nakwa afo, ma si ot kewara ab halves, ka na-aga
n'ihu n'akk, ata aru ma-egosipta niile omume, site na nke onye nwere ike infer
arbitrariness;kamakwa kp abdominal writhes ka na iche iche na nyochaworo ma
br na na-metr ka na-af f na alternately niile ntziaka akp akp kpkp
az; -ike maka bch ebi na ma halves. (Autenrieth, echiche. S. 435.)
Ugbu a b eziokwu, an si elu na klas ike bee ab bla ma b kara iberibe
na nke mere na na-aga n'ihu na-ebi nd; ma a mr b ihe m na pr kee ya
n'ime tt iberibe d ka.
N'etiti ala m anman ma e nwere tt nd mgbe ha guzo na mb ogbo nke
mmepe, bna site n'onwe ya kewaa nke mere na ha na-ap n'anya kpam kpam site
ezumike rigo tt hr aka iso bi n'otu n'otu nke a d iche iche na ogbo nke
development, nke na-grouped ma n -angide, na n'oge na-adgh etolite a gb
(aggregated ascidians), ma b kpamkpam kewapr ka dpr adp fortzuleben
(Kampanularien, azundika jelii, wdg).
A pr h ihe a nile siri ike kwa, d ka chr; ma onye ike ya mere na-ekwu na

polyp, earthworm, nd Naide, nd m ahh na, b nwaany na-enye nwa nwa, wdg,
ah angh na-na ole na ole mkpr obi? M ngide na-enwe na ot a nwere ike naadgh na-elekta nke a ike. Nan ihe any na-aj: nwere ike na osisi d ukwuu d
n'otu nke mkpr obi Nyen d ot ah m anman nke otu onye mgbe ha nwere
obi ab?
D ka na nkewa phenomena, n'ihi ya, b na Verwachsungsphnomenen na ike naekwu megide mkpr obi nke osisi na otu uche. nwere ala m anman kara bee
na sewn n na halves nke d iche iche n'otu n'otu, na n'okpuru kwesr ekwes nd,
ha na-eto n na-ah na-akpa gw d ka otu onye. gagh ekwe omume n'ihi na
ugbu a na-egosi ot mkpr obi na-akpa gw a. Kama n'ihi na any kwere na m
anman ama ihe bla d ot ah phenomena ka mkpr obi, ot ya na osisi?
b eziokwu na ka nwere ike d na akwukwo nri ala-eze ka ukwuu kara tupu na
m anman; ma na ike na-egosi na eke chr ime ka nd nke any na-echegbu
ebe a, nwere nn na-eguzobere osisi maka preferentially az, mgbe ozu m
anman na-erugh na naan d na nd kwesr ekwes nakwa d ka na z agakwuru
nd nke akwukwo nri ala-eze z.Agbanyegh ga ihe any na-ah na m anman
nke, ezuola iji nwetara any megide k k gwgw ka a anabatagh nd d ka
adgh eji aga aga. Otu nwere ike na-ekwu na dd nwere osisi-d ka m anman
d nn n'ihu d ka clues na nke a.
br na onye na-ekwu na osisi-organism a ga-ahuta nan d ka ihe gafee n'elukwa so dum organism, nke yiri a gland na ihe na ihe nke ukwuu organism n'ime nke
abatakwa, esichara na na reproduces, ot i nwere ike h site na, pr ikwu na gw
nke
osisi,a millorar
bgh
zukme m anman nakwa. N'ezie, na-adgh esite na wa, ma
Contribuu
la traducci
b gbanye mgbrgw d nn ka d mkpa na elu ala mpga wa d ka osisi; n'ihi
eweli ya n'ime efu ohere n'elu wa na ikuku circuit, na-anw anw bna ihe d ka
a osisi na enwetara site na mgbrgw; zkwa, b ot ah ihe ma na a mgbe
nile mgbanwe ije nke bekee na-eme ihe na-abgh wa ghtara ot osisi. Mgbe ma
dgh emegide iche nke a eke, n'otu oge d ka onye so a z n'ozuzu iji ihe na-egosi.

Text original

XIV. N'ihi na nkwa banyere n'usoro ochichi nke osisi

mkpr obi.
O nwere ike iyi obi ike na ihe k k na-ekwu okwu nke z osisi nwere mkpr
obi, nso, ka anya d ka n'ozuzu n'isi nw na ha nwere mkpr obi, d nn ma a naewere a daring amma. Ma mgbal ya guzosie ike amma ga-dabeere na bna na on
ikike nke m mmad na anman ka anchite anya nd na nd ime mm nke osisi
nke mere na b ma a ugboro ugboro na-esote ya, bna d ka na-apgh ime ma
b abagh n'ihe nke z na-apta n'z ya; ga-angide ebe mgbe na-aghta na bla
iji banye n'ihu, n'okpuru isi ike, nke b eleghi anya na-etinye tt ihe nd z ibu
maka otu ihe ah b eziokwu na e setpr kwesr ekwes z. Si echiche a, nd naeson ebe a n'ihu ogbugbu nke fd na mb nyere hints za b.
Nd ah a gwara, osisi ekwu na a n'ba inwe nd, a z meptara bna d ka m
anman; na jr ma elu iche echiche ike.
Nd d ot ah a tr ime nke osisi mkpr obi nd nwere ike a priori fd jr,

na-ach ma fd comments on.

Olee, onye pr ikwu, abgh ihe any na-ekwupta na kwa nke osisi n'okpuru
an, ma na kwa nke anman n'okpuru mmad? The anman na-shortened ka nd
mmad aka tghar uche na nghta; Ya mere, olee sensuality ihe fdr ya; otu ihe
na any chr inwe naan osisi. Mgbe onwe any ma osisi na anman kama zuo ezu
kara meghara.
Ma na anman d n'ezie bgh ot kpere an eke, kara ihe ga-ach kwa. Gn
m anman nmekpu megide any, n'ezie, b ihe mere, onwe-nsh, ikike, n'ozuzu
mmekah uche ichikota,-egosipta ikike nke ime ka maara ubiere; ma na ha nwere
adgh ma echeta na n'oge gara aga, amamihe eme nke ga-eme n'dnihu, nke, bna
ebe akwanyere paranormal, ma ka na-enwegh ihe an onwe ya; n'ihi na an b nan
ugbu a. Onye na-adgh kweere na a cat, slinky maka dovecote, chere n'ihu, ihe ha
chr ime n'ebe ah, na kpalakwukwu-echetara ya na lere anya nime efe efe n'ebe
ah? Ma ike tghar, onwe-echiche na-stunted na bna mkpr obi iso d ike na
nd, gagh nd uru na lee anya n'az?Nke a b nan any na-conceivable maka any
kas ala ozo nke nsh. Na dd nwere na m anman na Niederste gosiri na elu
na-enwegh Kas Elu dgas iche iche d iche iche ntziaka, d ka nke onwe ya ka
tt nd chere na ga-e debeere kwa nke onwe ha yiri ihe nke kas ala n'ihi na a
pr iche n'gb. The usoro nke dd na-egosi na-akp nke a onwe-akziri; na ikwu
mfe nke osisi b ezuru ya.
Ma, ha na-ekwu, dd zuru oke nke maara ihe gbasara mm nd b ma
kpomkwem ka ibughara temporal mmekah na-ebu az na na-etinye; Ka ha na-ap
n'anya, ya bu iche echiche nd hap idenye onwe ya. A mkpr obi lar d na any
kwesr ime ka osisi, gagh ad site na dd nke mkpr obi.
Ma mgbagwoju anya zweies. b eziokwu bla maara na-at na-ach az na
oge na temporal mmekah nke mkpr obi, ma bgh Anglkan d mkpa n'ihi na
mkpr obi nke nd d ot ah uru na retrospection na-atghar si d nd na temporal
mmekrta.
Ka e were ya na mmad bara ka nj, n'ihi ya, na-eche consciously ma n'oge gara
aga ma b n'dnihu ije, ma na-enwe ngaghar nke mkpat na-amagh ihe bla
na-ekpuchi n'etiti tupu mgbe.
One z nkpuru-obi-ya kuuru, ebu site n'osimiri ab olu t. na-eche
consciously ma n'oge gara aga ma b n'dnihu da; ma na-aga n'ihu na eri nke a
chere ekpuchi nke ikpeaz aj u spins site n'iru ama na ntziaka nke nd na-eson na
aka iso.
Ya mere enwegh ike osisi nd nke mkpr obi d ka osimiri an sensations
ntukwasi ptara ebu-at ma b ala az oge na-enwegh mirror oyiyi?
N'ezie, any ike icheghar ma b n'az cross-echiche na bla oge na-nd d ot
ah sensuous mkpr obi game nso; ma bgh iwu. Gn mere na gagh enwe ike
inye dd nke ha na-apgh, mgbe na-ama bu ndi di ndu nke bna elu n'ozuzu
Umblick, na-jikr site tt na-echeta otu mgbe achikta?

Na nkenke, br na any na-ar ihe na-angide na-agba t iji osisi ekpe mgbe
ama na anman ka yip ihe mere, ya mere ebe a b nke ihe, na-agba b bna na
d mkpa ka a hap mkpr obi ya mfe unwrinkled n'z na-anchi anya ya onwe
ya. Ya mere brkwa na any, d ka d n'ezie-erugh akara nke amuma na-echeta
na osisi, n'ihi ya, any nwere abgh, d ka na-emekar eme ka a ghara mkpr obi
ya; ma any egegh at uche nd na-ag akk, ot ah ka any ga-kama na-at uche a
kwere omume mkpr obi lar.
Na any dda nke osisi frherhin instincts, anagh emegide nd ah any agnah
ha na amamihe eme ka n'dnihu. N'ihi na nd instincts nke m mmad na anman,
d ka ha d cha instincts, ya b banyere Future; ma dgh ihe nke a meptara
mmata nke ga-eme n'dnihu b ebe na-agwa okwu. Ma b na-elegh anya kweere
na a katapila einspnne na nsh nke mere ha ji na-eme ya d ka ebumnuche nke
okike; na a mr nwa ah, tupu na-eri oge mb mmiri ara ehi, mmiri ara ehi na-ama
chere na na-ach, na mmeghar na-enwe na-eme ya iji nweta ya. A ugbu chere
mkpa, b kama ihe na-akpali ha; dd emewo ndokwa banyere nwa ah na ya
mmekrta, ma internally na externally, ma n'ah ma n'uche, na nwa na-enwegh ebe
maara na ya d, si ot,-enye aka na omume chpr site eme ka mmezu nke a
mkpa. Nan mgbe na-ar n'gbak a mmiri ara ehi, ozugbo onye ezu edinam, nke
gabigara maka nzube, b ugbu a otu ihe ah-echeta ma na-eji nke a na ebe nchekwa
maka dnihu ya ga omume; ma n'ihi ya z nwere ikike ime ot ah.
N'ihi ya iche-iche ma l, d ka onye ah na-etolite, uru na nyochaa ma, N'ihi ya,
ah n'ezie uru na echiche na Ansichselbstdenken na circumspect chr z na nd z
nke, na-akpali p z na nd z si akpa mb ala nke d cha leavening na osimiri
an mmetta na mmuo-d ka instincts, site bla ak maara nlghachite na-adgh
ngwa doo onwe ha na nd z mere ka ahmah n'otu ebe. Ma any na-ah nwoke na
ala nke d cha leavening n'ime osimiri an sensations na-agak mgbe fd na-eru
nso nn az, a obere oge elegh anya nwere ike imi az n'ime ya niile z; lee kwa
na nd d iche iche dabere na ha d iche iche izi ala, mgbe nile na na nn iche
elevations izere ya, a Botokude dt obere, a k ihe mma ukwuu. Nke a n'ezie
relativity anya gnye any nwere ike isi zere siri ike isere zuru k n'ihe nd nke
d iche iche Nigeria bla z, nke na-amata dd n'ebe bla, site na-ekwu na
anman nd d ot ah nd, b ebe nd onwe-obi ike na kacha nta, na osisi nd d ot
ah, ebe ka na-na-na-adgh ama uru na-ele anya az na oge, na ihe nile dabeere,
rida na nke kacha nta ma b kama adgh ma n'ra kr nd n'ihi na mmepe; ya
mgbe ah na Realising ma br na bgh nd nwere otu nke z Nigeria nakwa
ihe gosiri na elu ebe; ihe m kweere na, n'eziokwu, na-enwegh mb bit abarute naagbal ngide na-enwe ya na r. N'ezie angide nan na, nwere ike b mgbe mmad
an nwa oge akda nd d elu ike iji na a kacha nta, na-ehi ra na-enwegh mkpr
obi ya akws ya mere iji gosi na r d ala, ee, br na d ka a mr nwa ah
bna amalite, na-Nigeria na-conceivable aghagh, ebe nd d ot ah b naadgide adgide, mmepe adgh, ma b dgh ihe z N'uz ahagh ole na ole zuru
ka a elu ogbo. Nke a na-amba mmepe n'ime ptara nd na r lar b mgbe ah
n'onwe ya na-adgh ekwe.
The voraussetzliche enwegh u na anya az na oge mgbe osisi adgh n'ime

esemokwu na teleological mmekrita ha ofu itie ke ohere na ya kwekr na nke ah

ejedebegh nd ibi nd, nke m kwuru na mb. The m anman ga-enwe ike
foresights na oge, n'ihi na o nwere na-achso anya b na n'ime ime obodo na mbara
nzube, na-ekwesgh ileghara lekwasr ije. Instincts pr gbakta naan otu ugboro
maka niile kpmkwem nd ibi nd; - Gn otu kara nwa ah mmuo na-ach ara
ma br na bgh bla ara darbte onwe ya; - Ma ha adghzi ezuru, ebe nd
ot gbanwe d ka okenye m anman. The osisi na-angide, ya mere, ikwu okwu,
ka na-mmas ka nne ara; ga-e nyere u na Umblick nan d ka a chsasr
mgbakwunye. Ma dd na-ewe d ka obere n'of chr nke nzube, d ka dara n'az.
The organic isi enwegh u na-ach az nke z nwere ike ike jik na osisi na
enweghi kwesr ekwes mgbasa phenomena, nke na ya na n'aka adabere enwegh j
usoro na vaskla usoro. na-alaghachikwuru ya ihe bla az n'ime onwe ya. Ihe
niile na-enweta si n'z, b naan b na na-ach inweta ihe nd z si n'z,
nakwa na na-agbalsi ike ime ya d iche iche d ka iso; na a causal mmekrita nd
oge ochie na suffices nye gb nyene a echiche wee na nnata nke psyche, nke a
nwee njik na; ma na-ah n an ah atmat ihe bla b anya, nke guzo onweha d ka ngosipta ma b nkwado kwesr ekwes iche echiche.
Eji icheta na foresights banyere dnihu nke osisi ga-N'ezie tt nd z na ihe naefu; niile Ichi-angh, nke ya onwe ya na-ewuli naan na kpkwara nke nd d ot
ah. Ebe a b nke dum echiche nke n'ezie nd, bgh naan ya, echiche na ihe nd
ga na-azpta ya, ma ruo n'k fd na-echiche nd d ot ah onwe.
One nwere ike mfe mere ka gbanwee na-emesi ike na nke a on a ezigh ezi ebe, ya
b na osisi b ike na-enweta ihe oyiyi nke ihe nke n'z wa n'ihi enwegh anya. Ma,
site na nt, nke ma nd mba oyiyi na-representational echiche nke ihe ganweela. Onye s ah maara nke ma site n mpta ya wa nke ihe d ka z nke ma
nd mmad, na nwere, na-adbegh anya wa ah, n mmalite enwegh uru site
onyinyo nke wa, daba n'ime ya anya. Kama iwe na ebumnobi ihe oyiyi garanya ya,
na-emeghar ya naan ugbu; ga-emechi ya anya d ka ihe ma d ka na mb
nyaghara. wa na-egosi na ya anya na mb nan d ka a marbled agba panel, nke na
agba naan agba, akara ptara nan na akara, na-ewebata nd green kwachie ka naenwegh ok ha, na red dgh Rose. Otu nwere ike ikwu na ihe oyiyi na-ada n'ime
ya anya, mee ka ya na mb ihe bla si. Ihe-ekokwas ugbu a? Site na nke a, na ka
na-amagh nke ncheta nwere mta na-eyi. Abgh akwkw nd akwkw nd, m
na-ah ok ha, na-eme ya n'ok ha ma b ihe karr a obere onyinye; ma na
na-eto eto, onyinyo, jr, kpo oku na-, nnn br, n'ime ya, dinta na-aga na; ihe
niile na-adgh n'ime anya nkt hr nd green ntp. Naan otu onye na n'ozuzu
echiche nke echeta nke a na d ka echiche nke green ntp akpatara onwe, na an
image na-z na-ese na a ime mm na agba, b si sensuous an amta green ntp
ebumnobi echiche nke m representational ha. Ebe d, a e kere eke enwegh echeta,
n'ihi ya, wee ghara ime ka echiche na na-enweta. Na ot ah adgh nke ukwuu
na-enwegh anya isi na osisi enwegh ebumnobi oyiyi, ma kama nke z zie eziapgh ime ka nwere nd d ot ah, nwere ike g n'etiti nd mere na i nyere dgh
anya, n'ihi na ihe oyiyi nke ihe naan ma site na nkwa ya site n'n nd na-echeta
mkpa na uru uru. Achr wa, mgbe niile, na a akk nke osisi ka na-atghar uche

retina nke anya, na-aghta na nwata ah osisi ka any na agba na markings nke ihe
oyiyi; ga-angide na d ka ghtahiere ya d ka hr ejikwara s, na ya agagh
ghta ya, b doro anya na mkpumkpu, ihe oyiyi na igwefoto obscura hap idenye a
na-ekwe ka h anyanw freshly iyi oyi na gba t osisi , ma si ot iji nweta nd z
bara uru nke itinye onwe ha ka nd ka n'n mfe. bla sikwuoro nsogbu ebe naadgh eji.
Ugbu a adahade ub ihe mgbochi b, ot ihe niile representational echiche bares,
na-agbanwe mpga mmetta mgbe ah nyere nd ime mm apgh chere na nke d
ka otu onye nr onwe ha mgbe nile, ma na-edu az echiche nke a leavening na
osimiri nke Allgemeinbeseelung. Ma any na-naan, kama on aka ike na nd ka ihe
any nwere ike mta banyere onwe any. Echere m na any na-eme mbanye ihe
n'enwegh kara ma br na any na-elekwas anya na rr a priori ezumike ah
n'isi. N'ezie, d cha ahmah ike ime ka onwe any, n'ihi na any onwe any bgh
d ka d cha an Nigeria mgbe voraussetzlich osisi na-. Ma, d ka any na-ah onwe
any ihe na-etolite ma mbelata ma b na-angide na-agbanweghi agbanwe, naadabere n'akk nke echiche na-etolite ma b mbelata, any nwere ike elegh anya
eme ka a mmechi, nke ga nke, b ezie na any enwegh ike iru, Oke ime.
A palpable at pr iduga any. -Eche nd mmad, d ka Hegelian k ihe mma,
philosophizing, na ncherita-iru ha tt nd z, d ka Hottentots, we turu ime any ka
any na oriri na nkwari. Nd forms nditetm na echiche banyere mmalite na njedebe
nke wa, ot uche rue az na-apta iji anya d ka o kwere; ka nz nn na an n t
rie, kwa. Ugbu a, ga-Ot d inwe ike ikwu na Hottentots indulge nn nke
n'z wa d ka nd k ihe mma; n'ihi na nri na ihe b na-ihe d nn
extrinsic megide echiche; ma bgh na dgh ihe z kara kpebiri si d ka nke
a. Kama nke ah, onye bla Hottentott ya ihe t an ah nke ma maka onwe ha
d ka ihe bla Hegelian ya nk ihe mma echiche, ma na-ad nn nke ma d ka a
ga-an na ya onwe ya. One Hottentott na-at ihe bla kpmkwem ihe nd z naamas, na a Hegelian amagh ihe bla kpmkwem ihe nd z na-acha cha.Nke a
b nn otu ihe ah. Na bna na-enwegh na Hottentot mgbe bna kwuru na m
det, ga-ab ihe na ya na-at, na ihe mitschmeckt nwegh onye z. Onye bla
nwere obi ab na b na-na m anman ot ah? The gba alkwaghm nke
individualities mere adaberegh na na kwa nke ime mm ha.
Any na-aga ugbu a na osisi na k-ala; ka ha bilie n'echiche nke nd na-adgide
adgide ka nke an onye nwere ike bna nwa oge nwere ike bgh nn; ha b o
sina d, n'ihi na Sinnlicherwerden dgh nw nke iche na-adabere, ha n'aka ike mta
j bla na ya.
Megide onye kwuru, s: ihe Hottentots-enweta ihe a iche na ha nri, b naenwetbegh d ya n'ok sensuality, ma ihe banyere iru Hinaus-, b ezie na n'oge
anman t bgh actu, di na ezigbo okwu, ma potentia, ie ekwe omume nke okwu
na-otu d na, brhaala na nwere ike na-egosipta n'z nd nd z ha na ha
na ga. The Hottentots, na bna anman ma bna n'z karr kpere an Nigeria,
na site nani elu ha guzo na ala nke los Allgemeinbeseelung. fn ee, n'echiche a, ma
m na-enwe na osisi nwere ihe karr kpere an Nigeria; potentia nwere ike nn elu

na-ele ha d ka chr; naan ihe na ga-ach bna mgbakwunye agaghkwa na

estidem na mpga nd zutreten nwere ma na-bna Hottentots, n'ihi ya, ozugbo
nd Higher n'z doro anya n'z na ya. The sensuous nwere ike n'ebe nile na-d ka
ihe ndabere nke ihe elu, nke, ma br na bgh actu ma potentia ka b. M ptara
nan na actu ihe ugbua na Hottentots-adgh ike na adkargh, na osisi now emee ot
na-adgh ike na adkargh d ka o kwere. Mettara, ozugbo edemede pr bna b
na e nwere; dd bee bla si na nn; na m mere adgh ekwu na osisi, na Higher
were were bee efep, olee ot a osisi ah gbubiri ifuru-eji ire t, kama b naan na a
ifuru na nr na ya n ka undeveloped, adkargh ma b na o siri ike d n'ime nwa
osisi, Ot d, nd akwukwo ibu sensuality proliferates ike. Ma n'ihi na anagh m
tt ihe n'aka uju nru nb nke potentia -eche, mgbe na-aba onodi ihe, bgh ihe
nwere ike buru na o kwere omume ntinye nke nd, ot ah ka m na-ekwusa osisi
nke mara mma d cha an Nigeria.Potentia ga-adru kws ihe bla bna idozi a
nkume ma b ihe mere.
Iche e ji fd njirimara na aga. b omume na okwu ah tt nd k ihe
mma nke iche si na-ezigh ezi. Ma b ebe a ajj abgh elu ma b gbagha a
akpan akpan definition nke Individuatitt kama b naan d nn chr zpta ebe
a na-egosi ihe maka osisi, nke a na-at anya ga ewepgh na mmas ajj a n'ezie
ebute. Onye bla nke na-ach a elu onwe-adgh mm iche site n mmalite, b
n'ezie na osisi ike kt; ma ka nwere ike h a mmetta Nigeria onwe ha nime ya.
br na na-aj: Olee ihe nwere ike maka nzube na-etinye mmad n'ime wa,
nd nwere ike na-eche ma banyere onwe ya ma b banyere dnihu ha ma b
n'oge gara aga, osimiri an sensations na esi gboo na-ah tgbr involuntarily, ot
anchi a nn analogous ajj oghe n'ihi na m anman. N'ihi na bna ma br
na armr nke m anman n'ihu na nd z n'z doro anya ugbu a na oge na az
adgide kara nke osisi, d ka na-egosi ya ma d obere n'ezie ezi uche na ak na any,
uru nke gg isi scrimping d nn ka na ak, nd Animals ga deem d ka ihe
nzuzu mgbakwunye wa d ka osisi. Okwu uru h a d iche iche ptara mgbe bgh
naan d ka nd mmad n'otu n'otu oppositely n achikota mkpr obi nke m
anman na osisi, nke b n'ezie nakwa, ma wa ka a collection of nd d ot ah a chi
ma megide ha, ma mkpr obi niile osisi na Animals d ka ebutere oge nke Chineke
mkpr obi b ugbu onwe ya, jikr ya mgbak ezumezu; n'ihi na mgbe ah k nile
di iche-iche nke mkpr obi Chineke uru, ma bgh nke ha nzuzu ezute ya, ha
nwere d nn ka nd dpr adp mmad ihe taa onwe ya n'elu, na-agnyegh ya
shortcut chere na Chineke. Na ihe e nwere ike chere na-egosi ma b amanye na,
br na any ot ezughi ezu na-taa na-eche otu ihe ah fragmentation nke Chineke
b, na ihe nile splinters d ka emep uta eri nke a d nd osisi?
Aga na n'ezie na-egosi naan megide d iche iche mkelnde jr na nd lr nr
onwe d ad nke a mkpr obi lar, ka any na-osisi maka, b ekwe omume n'ezie na
dabara n'ime atmat nke a n'ozuzu mkpr obi alaeze ukwu. Na a mkpr obi lar
n'ezie bkwa osisi yiri ka site niile gara aga mkparta ka. Any hr d ka iche iche
na d ka any na-eche, n'z zuru ezu nti odide nke a nke inweuche mkpr obi nd
na osisi, d ka any b na aka nke z na-abgh debanyere n'ala ahha elu nzube.

Na nkwa, n'z zuru ezu, any na-ah site izugbe nd, nke na-hiwere na dd
nke mkpr obi onwe ya, nnabata, ma bgh ihe nd kas ma iche n'etiti iche
echiche nd nke osisi na m anman; Iche nke adabere tumadi n'ihi na osisi naadabere n n'omume ma b na ihe ebutere ogo na sensuality ofri anman. br
na nke a b now osisi nile ala kara m anman, d ka na-enye onye nke
sensuality nke osisi d elu kara nke anman; n'ihi na na-agh kpomkwem ebe a na
mkpa nke zuru n nke nd, m anman naan a ebutere page. The echiche nke
anman b serving, mgbe mgbe na-unyi odibo a elu-ach, nd sensuality nke osisi a
free mba girl onye nwere ya ite na-esikwa nri onwe ya ma ka na-ar r ha chr
mma.
Allen mmechi akara nke nzube nke nd na osisi nwere m anman, na ab
n'akk nke sensations na instincts jikr, na Ome nd d ka obi t n'ebe ihe yiri nke
ah ebe a site na sensations ma b triggered. Any na-ah osisi na ihe mkpali nke
nri, ikuku, h, props wdg buds, epupta, okooko osisi, Alaka gbala, gbanwee,
gbanwee, squirm, ha okooko osisi na-emeghe, nso, wdg The dum interplay nke
mmetta uche na instincts na-ebilite ma yiri ka a nn mfe osisi kara na m
anman b, si ot ah na-aka nn mfe iwu. The teleological ihe mere ya d na ole
na nd nke nd nke osisi, na organic isi ke ukwuu mfe nke l. The sensashion
mkpali nwere mgbe tt ma dgasa iche n'aka t na-aga site na osisi na mmetta
ya nke ma kara m mmad na anman, ebe immensely mgbagwoju anya br
na-etinyere n'etiti ihe nke ihe mkpali na brkwa aga. Kama, b na e wezga na
osisi nan na a nkenke imekrta ihe na-ata ahh na ihe na-eme; bgh ot ah
d mfe na mmeghachi omume na-adgh na tt mgbe ka ga nke estidem ngwar
na-enwechagh na gbanwetr; kama n'oge a nn mfe kara na m mmad na m
anman nile nke zuru ok kari. D ka h ya na-emet, n'ihi ya, blooms, d ka
ikuku kpaliri ya mere.
The triggered site stimuli drava, any na-ele anya d ka m anman ime
instincts, wetara pr iche nd uche nke coenaesthesis nd hr iwu on estidem
organic Zustndlichkeiten na armr.
D nn ka mkpr obi nke nd mmad na m anman, d ka ogologo oge d ka
b m anya, na-emekwa fd a na-aga n'ihu osimiri nke nd okwu, any
nwekwara oge chptara na-anabata nke a bna na osisi, naan na-aga n'ihu r nakwuptara n'ebe a na a z an ebe, na kama a na-akwado otu nke n'z wa d ka ihe
d n'ime wa chere ihu n'an n'ibu. The mgbe nile rubbing ele ihe anya osisi
Ansichgestalten, Umsichsuchen, Sichfrben, na-enye clues ka nke a echiche. N'ihi na
aru nke osisi otu ugboro na-akwado site na a nwere ike na akpaka mgbanwe na
chch nke ah a b mkpr obi, ka ihe rba ama ma b ngosipta nke kwekr
ekwek eme nke mkpr obi ha.
Ma mkpr obi nke mmad na anman b isiokwu na-ehi ra, nke a na atughar
gosiptara cessation nke ihe nile akpaka ngosipta nke nd. -Eson analogous
cessation osisi mkpr obi ga-n'okpuru a yiri ra n'oge oyi. na-nan maka
mgbanwe n'etiti ehi ra na aza na osisi nd ka ibu,-ad n'ime m anman nke nta
okirikiri nke okike, ma b, n'z ziri ezi kar, nke kpagburuibe mkpa. zkwa

mgbanwe n'etiti oyi na okpomk b ya b maka dum nke d ad nke madu na

anumanu b na-enwegh mkpa. N'oge oyi, nwoke na-eru nso mgbe ihe nd
Dormouse, ot maka osisi, mgbanwe n'etiti ehihie na abal b na-enwegh mkpa d,
nan d nta kara ihe d iche n'etiti oyi na okpomk. N'ihi ya, ebe a m anman na
osisi zuo ezu n'z d rba ama. Otu nwere ike na-eme ihe na-eson. The ok oge nke
dd na-adabere na adiana nke Earth gburugburu Sun si na obere nke ga gburugburu
nke wa gburugburu onwe ya The osisi nd b ihe banyere otu dd, na karsa ruo
anyanw. na m anman nd z na-onwe ha, na h anyanw b n'ihi na ya nd
usoro nke z ab.
Ot d, dgh zuru gba alkwaghm. gosi na dormice na tt nd z
hibernating m anman na m anman ok oge nwere ike imeri a ptara yiri
osisi, n'ihi na na-egosi na-ekwe omume nke nd d ot ah d mkpa mgbe nile; na
ot e nwere ike b na fd osisi nke na-emikpu nke r d mkpa nwere ike iri mkpa
nke ihi ra n'abal; n'oge ihe na-akpkar akwukwo nri ra n'abal, nwere ike b
naan na a z tnyere, d ka nd fdr r na dd na oyi.
Na njik na mfe ma sinnlichern mkpr obi egwuregwu ke osisi N'ezie naan a d
mfe na nd z an mkpr obi interplay bkwa nwere ike d n'etiti ha. N'ezie, otu
onye nwere ike obi ab ma nd d ot ah d ad mgbe nile. Ka dgod, elegh anya
mgbe gara aga mkparta ka na ihe g n'lnga na-agbakwunyere na-esi s t nke
okooko osisi, nke N'ezie na-adgh ike iyi ka eme ka any ass, nyefe nke echiche,
kama nke sensations na ebumpta wa Mitgefhlen, nakwa d ka m anman n'ihi
na analg oge nke mmeputakwa usoro s b rba na nke a; b ezie na rr ka d
nn ka dum ptara n gg, ebe a b a d nn iche ptara kara na osisi-enweta
nkwanye. M na-eche ka a otutu ihe ikwu maka ya na 16 ngalaba.
Otu nwere ike na-eche nke z isi nke nkwurta okwu, nke na-agwakta ya na aga.
Onye bla mpempe akwkw site na-akwali, emee ka anya doo, dabere na ya
udi na obibia, ikuku na ihe bla z z, nke a vibration propagated ka osisi nd
z, ihe ya d iche iche vibration ga-ga-amara g kwa ha z. pr bna akwa
n'z doro anya na analogous onu nke a. any gbala na na osisi ma b agba na
mmiri, ot ah ka any na-ebili mmiri anya na-agbasa, dgas dabere d ije na-akp
akp ah, any na-eji kama mmiri, ikuku, kama n'ala na kporo ihe na-akp akp
epupta, any bkwa. b n'aka na yiri mmiri na ebili mmiri inwe n nt d ka
mmiri, na ihe bla z-efeghar efeghar egosi ihe d iche na idem, enye encounters.
Na any, da di ime Ya olu si ntughari, ka estidem na-ekwu, osisi nd z nke naesi s; na any b h doo si n'z na-efeghar na-enwegh any aka ah n'etiti onwe
ha, eme n onye, d ka nd z anya; ot ha ifufe na ikuku okporo.
Ka dgod d ot ah analogies nwere ike o na-enye nn anya allusions.
Ime ah mfe nke maara ihe gbasara mm nd nke osisi d ka mmekrta tlere ot
anya dabara nke ma na mpga manifold nke otu nd z mmekrta. N'ezie b
Vielartigkeit nke mpga aro, nke b isiokwu na osisi, di iche iche nke ya d iche iche
na multiform ot ha si meghachi omume na nd a na-emegide nd ezi uche
mgbakwas, ka a dgas iche iche nke an sensations na instincts na-emechi ya. h,

okpomk, mmiri mmiri, vibration site n'ikuku, na kntakt na m ahh, mmetta

nri na-eku ume akwa; ihe nile yiri na a peculiar z osisi.Mgbrgw, epupta,
okooko osisi, na okooko osisi nd petals, nd nwoke na nwaany omumu akk-wuru
bla n'z d iche iche na-akpa gw bla d iche n nd mmad nke mere na
dgh onye pr eji dochie r nke nd z. Site na okooko osisi, osisi enwegh ike
z; Kama ha na-ach-nri, na Anglkan, ha nwere ike site na mgbrgw mezuo ya
njikta spam usoro, na-emepta na-amtabegh nwa. The epupta eku ume oxygen na
h ma na-emepta akwkw nd akwkw nd na agba, na blooms-a oxygen na
h ma na-emepta egbuke egbuke na agba, njikta spam akk z nke na karr
nd petals, nd nwoke akk ihe karr nke nne; ala elu nke epupta na-akpa gw iku
ume na imegide h, n'adgh ka elu. E nwere osisi nke epupta (mgbe echi n
n'ala)-esi s, mgbe nd okooko osisi nwere obi t s t, d ka Datura umu na nd
Amerien na-acha cha lily (Decand II S. 770th.). nd d iche iche nke otu osisi d iche
nke ukwuu mgbe na-na uto, presupposes ihe d iche iche d chemical eme. N'ihi ya,
na-aga ebe a otutu nkwa.
D ka ndrta iche nd a na-ewu na-ar nke akk nke otu osisi nwere ike chere na
nke na osisi bgh nan na a sochiri ha, kamakwa iji a simultaneity nke d iche iche
sensations;n'ihi na any ga-eji d iche iche wuru ya mere d iche iche na emere
tmkp megide eme akk Ihe d iche iche agagh aghta nan inwe, ma, bna
n'otu oge.
b na-ala any ga-enwe ike t anya na osisi d ka any na-ar na otu stimulants
nke sensashion na-d nn otu ihe ah adgh emet ha n'ah nke ya; na z. B. si esi
s t nke na-aba ha, d nn adgh emet ha n'ah nke isi, otu sensorineural ka
any sikwa n'ebe ujo na-akris ha. Naan otu onye na-ntnyere nwere ike iri ebe, any
amagh ebe. any na-ah na na-ama, na m anman d-ewu d iche iche si n'otu
stimulants, na n'ozuzu dochie ihe na-akpali. Ihe otu onye mma na-esi isi ma na-amas,
na-eguzogide nd z. N'ihi na ido sensashion adabere bgh nan na dd nke
excitation n'aka, ma na dd nke ihe obi t; gn mere dd a d adgh emet ha
n'ah, nke b ugbua na a eke, z ugboro ugboro na nd z nn ka na. N'ihi ya,
mmetta nke osisi enwegh mmas nn iche na nke any, o nwere ike d ka obere ab
kwe any omume were ya na ihe ha b n'ezie, d ka onye na-mgbe smelled a rose, b
omume na-ah peculiar isi mgbe ewetara bilie a ariara ma b a violet. N'aka nke
z, nke nwere ma n'agbanyegh di iche iche na-ewu nke isi, commonality nke otu
stimulant na-na-ihe nkt na ihe nile dabere ot obi, + ka ihe wee na-angide kwere ka
any site n'oru nke h, kacha mma na any onwe any banyere h wdg . eche
Nke bu eziokwu na osisi-adgh n'otu aka wuru wuru uche akk ka nwere akwara,
d ka any nwere kpte any ka any na-ama na mb comments mba jr ka n'onwa
kama nwere nke sensations na otu. Nd na-eson inyeaka echiche nwere ike inyere
nd mb. bna n'ime m anman dgas iche iche d na-esi n'aka n'echiche
akk Wezuga na mgbe niile na ikwu na nd nke anman. Ebe b na osisi nwere
na-akpali ebe ke uwa na chta z ha site na ya nwere na-eto eto naan site na ya na
ime ka nd z nke onwe ya d ka nd na-abgh wa, ot ike, d ka e kwuworo, tutu
amama wuru ptara any elu uche akk, n'ihi na na na gbak na, n'eziokwu, d
nn na-eche ka ifu onwe any site oyiyi ma b Abklnge nd nke na-abgh wa

a. Na ala uche ziri ezi nke isi, det ire Getastes nwekwara na any nn nan
doziekwa (na any na n'otu oge nke ikpeaz b ihe at nke mgbasa n'elu dum ahu
n'elu), na bna nd d elu ga-d na ihe karr nrida na m anman nd n'onwe ya
na-mfe. Ya mere ga-ekwubi na ihe keakamere ewu nke uche akk b n'ebe nile d
ok mkpa iji na-emepta sensations, ma naan mee ka r nd na-elu mkpr obi r
kwesr ekwes; brhaala na elu mkpr obi na r nke a aru nke madu mgbe otu na
n'ihu cross-njik na-abgh wa b na Konnex. Ya mere nn mfe anya Ugbua na
fd m ahh ime; gan eji an ihe, any na a ezi labyrinth, na fd m
anman d nn mfe obere akpa;ee nd polyp-aba n'h ah, o nwegh mgbe ha
nwere anya; na na-achpta na b otu n'ime pflanzenhnlichsten m anman
n'ebe nd z.
D ka nd kas mkpa nke uche ziri ezi iyi na nso nso a ga-ahap nan n'ah; ma any
gara aga mkparta ka egosila na ha nwere ike e weere na d mkpa ka naan na
oruru nke anman naan n'ihi na osisi n'ebe nd z z, ma nd anman akwara
onunu, d ka iku ume, juices na-agba s, agbakas mmeghar wdg enwegh irighiri
akwara nwere ike ime.
Ihu ma nan mmalite na njedebe nke akwara bkwa m anman na d ok mkpa
maka nd sensory sensashion. The z nke akwara n'etiti ya elu nchupu n'echiche
akk na ha Central nchupu na br ma b ganglion eme nan d eduzi na e nwere
ike echiche shortened-edoghi any enwegh na-emetta nd sensory sensashion. Ebe
now dgh br, dgh ganglion maka r nke elu r nke mkpr obi mkpa, gaemekwa ach nd d ot ah feeders ime ot ah. Gn ekewap na m mmad na
anman nd d n'etiti na peripherisches ma nye herewith a sensuous ngafe elu
mmepe nke dum na-enye ohere, n'ezie nke organic page dabere n'ihe fd, nwere
ike n'ebe, ebe nd kwesr ngide na d nn kpebiri na sensuous, anagh ach a
nkewa na ugbu na j usoro site n'onwe ya na-ap n'anya, ma ihe nan weghachiri
njik n'etiti na divorcees.
M na-anagh ekwu na ihe conduction site na emep uta eri nke j usoro b nn
indifferent. Kama nke ah, d ka na br onye na mmekrta ime, nke a na-eduzi na
onye akwara ozi, na a na mmekrta na-mettara na elu ihe gbasara mm na r. Ma
ebe b na nd a elu maara ihe gbasara mm na r na-agagh eme ya, bgh
kpmkwem n'isiokwu na-nke inwe mmekrta eduzi. ga-now bgh n'ebe nwapta
a echiche n'ihu ebe a na na-agba s.
br na chr a obere, albeit nn ka nke nnu nwere aufzufassendes atmat,
nke any pr isi s: aru na anman d ka a akpa, ya mmetta s s n'gb b
n'ime, ugbu a na-ach pr iche na-eru nso maka ihe kpali si n'z adgh emet ha
n'ah ezubere iji banye n'ime ime; n'ihi na ihe niile nwere ike b ohere; nd a pr
na-anchi anya nd mmad uche akk na ha irighiri akwara; ma-akpa na-enyefe,
na-ach pr iche mgbakwunye z; ofri elu b sensashion emeghe bch; D ot
ah uninverted akpa b na a z osisi. Na e nwere ihe nd na kwa ya. Ya b ma
bgh na osisi na-akpa gw d ka a osote wendetes anman na-akwanyere nd na
ndek si n'z na ihe nd a na jiri ya tnyere ya; na anman na-ewe ya b site n'ime
ebupta, eriri af na akpa ume, ikuku na nri na-, na-eje ozi ngaghar nke aka na

kw, hineinzustlpen nri n'ebe ah. The osisi na-ewe ihe a nile on site mpga
ebupta; na atughar chere ihu rootlets nke osisi pr iji tnyere n'ime villi nke
anman, d n'elu ah epupta na invaginated akpa ume; ngaghar nke aka na kw
nke osisi na-eje ozi onwe ha Evert na mputa. Ma okt mmekrta a na-enwe naakwanyere nd d ok nj, ihe onwunwe wa, d ka b ihe karr yiri na ga-ewere
nd na mme finer uche-amta d ka akk nke sensory nghta, ruo n'k fd ike
jikr bna kpmkwem na akk nke oriri na-edozi.
N'agbanyegh, d nn naan a atmat, nke any na-eme ka anyi makwara b
fd ptara nwere ike ikekwe ihe mere dozie n'ihi na bna n'ime m anman
onwe ha on a nd nke iche sensashion ngwa ok ibu-etinye; nyere na elu na klas
nke m anman na j usoro z b mmad juptara n z n'elu ma b az
n'akk, na ala ihe na ala ma b n'akk nke afo. The ukwuu diche d n'etiti
anumanu na osisi egosi na a ga dabeere na naan ikpebisi mmegide n'etiti n'ime na
n'z.
Mgbe osisi na-eguzo na-otu mere echiche n'etiti m mmad na anman, ya mere,
ha na-n'aka nke z ke kpworo sensuality ogbo mgbe nyerela ndumodu elegh anya
ab.
Nd na-eson nd dr n'otu na nkwado nke a echiche:
Mb niile any na-ama ah n'ime mmad sensory nghta na sensory akwadogh
akwado ceteris paribus nd siri ike, meptara, ihe a onye ha kpamkpam na-atgb
banyere ihe uru na echiche na onwe-echiche ebe a. nkwenkwe a fr nke nta ka a
fd imegidesi ma br na. Na unentwickelsten ka elu ofufe iche uche ziri ezi ma
instincts na-ma sharpest meptara. na-aghtagh music nke a elu uwa, mara dgh
sere wee kpe ikpe; ma unu fr nke nta na-an ahihia eto, ibuso ugo ka sharpness
anya, na nkta ka sharpness nke isi. N'etiti onwe any, nd na-an art osisi nd kas nta
ego ka elu reflectivity na Anglkan. Ee, bna na onye bla, a imegidesi naegosi. Onye na-di ime echiche, na-ah ma na-an ihe na-eme gburugburu ya, na
nwoke na-nakweere a an t ma b instincts na-enye na nwere ike na-eche; ma
b br na ihe na-eme ka nd d ot ah d ka na-efu ugbu a bkwa ihe nke ume nke
ezi uche.
N'ihi ya, br na dd nke osisi dara na elu ihe gbasara mm na r, ot a
nwere ike b n'otu n'z kwekr ekwek nke ma na-n'ihi ya, ka ha we nwe ihe b
nzube nke nd n'onwe ya na mkpughe na okooko ka si nn chr na-ewetara na iji
nweta na Mitrcksichtsnahme na elu r bgh nfe.
t ka nwere nd na Wilde nke garish la ma b na-agba egw maka a jigh s
clocks, lezien ka osisi nwere n'uche ahha na agba na-enwu gbaa anw na
Yanwa na jigh s nke ifufe clocks na herzuwiegen. The Wild n'aka ma onye bla
musical la ihe z d ka na agba na da; osisi maara adgh uru bara ime ya, naaga nn na ihe t an nime ya;ha na-ifunah iji ihe na-ugbua nwere ya, chr ka
nd z na nd z n'ime ha, n'ihi ya, na-eme ka ha mgbe ihe na hr green ebe naagba egw music; N'ikpeaz, bkwa ya zuru na nnukwu n'ime ifuru, na a kpam
kpam hr na agba la; Ugbu a, ba kama ifufe ahh, anu na urukurubba, na-agba
ume ka miri mmetta n'ime ya.

N'ezie, enwegh nke ka elu r naan nwegh ike ikwu okwu n'ihi na ibu na elu
mmepe nke ala; brhaala na nkume mee ma n'otu oge ah kr; Bu ike eziokwu ah
b na osisi a na-akr m anman n n'gb organic nd, h ya yigh ka iwu a
nke imegidesi, nke e kwadoro n'ime akk nke a na mpaghara, ga-agbasakwa ruo
ruru nke ab n'akk, nwere obere nwere niile gara aga teleological echiche na otu
t, nwere obere kpmkwem mmetta nke osisi nd n'onwe ya n'echiche a.
Osisi b utp kpukpru sensory stimuli tt ihe nd z gba t, kpughere ma
mkpat na ike nd na-eme a gnyere d ka any. Cheta, ot nn ike h gbanwere
nd ha usoro d ka any ot tt ihe nd z b isiokwu na vibrations n'akk nile,
ot tt ihe nd z susceptible b n'ihi na mmetta nke ikuku na mmiri, ot tt
ihe nd z d mkpa senti n'ihi na ha kara yiri ka nwere any, d ka ya onwe-enwe
ike nagide inorganic assimilating ihe any nwere ike bgh, na. mgbe nile
akakabarede nke ha onwe ha udi Onye pr r ka na enwegh nke mere wuru uche
akk, d ka nwere na anman, na-etinye na osisi ma br na dgh ermangele
nwekwara ihe mere sensory sensashion, ma mgbe nile na-akwanyere ya nile miri
kara m anman. Ma bgh; ma br na ha na-eme ihe niile ha burrows mgbe
ogologo-egosi d ka a n'echiche ngwa d ka an ha ah, na nd artifices na-adgh
mkpa maka ije ozi an, ma a elu nd na m anman elu. d mma chta akwkw
gg na m, kama b naan ma br na ha chr b ma b bna ihe karr
m. The d cha eke nwata kama Abort. Nd d ot ah akwkw gg b na anya
na nt maka m mmad na m anman; osisi dgh mkpa ha, n'ihi na ha
enweghi kwa ihe ha na-amta.Nwa g dd b ya mere e mere ot ah mara mma ma
d cha. Kama nke ah, ghr dimkpa, b na blooming irrespective nke nwa mm
ozi ah nke actuates nwa ya dd na na a elu h.
Gn b ihe mara mma, a map ma b a cha ma d mfe na-ese akwkw mpempe
akwkw? N'onwe ya, na-ikpeaz, na nwa ga-ab ihe na ya, ma na-agbalkwa mta
ghta map, b banyere na-enwegh akwkw akk ah mpempe
akwkw. Ugbu a, anya any na-enye nkwa any n'wa d ka a map na uche any,
na-akzi any aka ghta; ot kamakwa b ihe mere na agwagh agwa agba
. The osisi achoghidi map, n'ihi na na-adgh ga-eme njem, Ya mere naan
enweta yi Ib akwkw akwkw kama nke ya; ma ugbu a, na-enweta zuru t naemegide druru ka anya d ka na agba-eguzogide jidere; n'ihi na br na chch
agaghkwa iguzogide akws na agba, osisi na-akplite nd yi ta p onwe ya.Na
osisi nwere mmetta nke ha onwe ha agba? Na, n'eziokwu, any ga-agafe mgbe ha
n'ime na peculiar bla na agba mmetta, nke na-egosipta h n'elu gb nke agba?,
Obi ab adgh nwere (mkpokta. XVI).
zkwa eziokwu onwe ya na-egosi na mkpa kara ya na nzube nke nd na
akwukwo nri alaeze kara m anman, anman ah nwee uche ziri ezi, ya mere,
ikwu okwu, mere obere oge, d ka ihe ndabere maka ya elu evolutions, ga-achpta,
mgbe nd nke osisi na-egosi onwe ya bu n'obi ya nke ptara isi quantitatively na
qualitatively mgbe gbasa mgbe elu.The m anman b sensuality nyere d ka a
foregone gwgw, nyere osisi d ka a naan abzumachende. hr bla akwukwo
nwere ike na-ahuta ka ihe ngwa z, eme ka na sensory stimuli onyinye, na ifuru
closes adru ka a nn hr ma d elu n'gb nke sensuality. A-enweta nkwanye

sensuality ihe immanent nzube, nwere bgh na m anman, inweta ihe d n'ime
nd, ga-n'anya ka anman. The sensuality b anman naan z, na osisi, na l
onwe ya, nke a na nd.
z, b ezie na bgh onye zuru d iche. Full okokre ma na-akawanye an
ha ah ya sensuality bgh; mmekah sensashion amalite mgbe e mesr; nn d
ka aka nke z, d ka na-ama nyere multiple, osisi anagh angide bizi na sensuality,
na echiche nke a Higher gafere sensuality karsa na oge ntoju. Ya bu na heydays
emet na ma ala-eze.
Na nke a bara uru, ma nro aka, now n'ezie chr h ihe bla ma coarsest
myirta. na-akpte n'ra a mmekah adgh emet ha n'ah na osisi na okooko
oge; na nke ah b niile na mgbe am anya na ya. Ma ihu ma, wa n'elu si n'ala zuo
ga-. N'ihi na br na iche-iche na m anman mmalite nke mmekah
sensashion n'elu elu ugwu ah na mmepe nke echiche, nwere ike na-etolite na a elu
ya, nke ihe bla ga-enwe ganihu na osisi. The anman hr, nr, smelled, edet
ire, chere ma tupu eru mmekah tozuru ok. The okooko nke sensashion wee a
understory nke sensations tupu, leaning megide usoro nke oriri na-edozi, iku ume, na
ihe nke otutu ndi stimuli. Olee ot pr now na osisi ga-ah nd na ifuru nke
sensations, ma nd ah na understory agnah na-eri nri, na-eku ume, sensory stimuli
ha egwuregwu na osisi tupu bna gbala nn ike kara anman. confuses nd
Chpta nke a elu mkpr obi h na-akpte na esemokwu ifuru nke osisi, na a
Chpta nke mkpr obi h mgbe nile. Any nzuzu anya, b ma mma nke nd dara
n'elu osisi psychic nd imechi abchagh; Ma ihe niile na-ah b nke a topmost
kenkowaputa, ebelatawo zkwa maka inconspicuous ntp; niile mara mma imewe
nke osisi mkpr obi nd ma na-angide sunk any n'abal.
M anya, naan elu na nd z na dabara tgbr a pr iche ogbo nke
development kara m anman na osisi nke mmekah usoro. Na nke a na
Sinnesentwickelung aborts na mmekah ok, e nwere etbede a hr wreath fairer
uche eme emepta; dum nzube nke nd na-ebili ka a d elu na ihe gabiga onwe ya
ogbo. Otu nwere ike na-ekwu na na-ama na-eweta osisi hiernieden ka nke at d elu
n nd eluigwe ihe any na-at anya na na a nd, na nke onye any na-eche na
zuru ok nke hnanya d ka obere ihe at. Na n'ihi na ihe mere bkwa ifuru fd
hints maka dnihu any nd, ka nd mara mma d ka urukurubba akara, d ka m
chetara na mb; naan na n'ezie nan a an image of a na-. N'ihi ya osisi b ka a
pr ikwu na z tt ihe nd z mbara na d umeala n'obi kara any onwe any.
Ebe a na-ama na-eme ka a na-agw ya, any na-at anya naan. Ama hiernieden
maka nd a na-abata ha eze elu-igwe.
Ihe ihe d nn mindlessly ya, mgbe ezie ghtara a echiche nd nke osisi, ma naach h ebelata ka a sleep- ma b dreamlike ala b. Ka osisi naan nk, any gaah ihe niile na-ekwu okwu nan megide ihe d ot ah tt nd chere. Olee nwere
na steeti ngidere na-eme nke ah n'onwe ya na-eke, guzo niile sensory stimuli na na;
esemokwu osisi nakwa ot dgh ot ya na any na-ehi ra, ebe mmekrta n'z wa
kama zuru ike ma b na-ebelata ka a kacha nta, ihe hr na-kere, ma naan ochie
b fortgeleiert. Naan ala nke osisi n'oge oyi nwere ike iji tnyere gara aga kwuru na

any na ala nke na-ehi ra ma b obere; ma ebe b na o nwere ike nke a, nwere
ike bgh n'otu oge nakwa ke ndaeyo. dgh onye a na-ekwu na ihu ma iyi ekere
uwa onwe ya d ka a r ka na kara-emechi anya; onye kwesr iche na Agbaghara
ogologo, na-egbuke egbuke h ha ga-eme ka nkera d iche nke ha kere eke, ha naemeghe n'oge n'anya ma ka na-angide na-ehi ra nwere ike, na-etinye ukwuu vitality
ka osisi terebinth, d nn ka ha na-ehi ra a kara nar af iri? Nke a na-oak n'oge
nke nd d ot ah r d ike onwe ha, nke onwe-ha Tut. D ka nwekwara nwoke naehi ura?
Ezie na ga-angide mgbe niile kwere omume, n'akk fd iji chebe okwu nke
a na-ehi ra ma b nr nd, ka anya d ka elu ikike iche echiche b na a na-ehi ra
ma b nr.Ma nke a abgh a kwesr ekwes okwu. N'ihi na any na-ehi ra na nr
abgh naan mebiri na elu, ma an ak, ikekwe bna bracher kara elu. N'ihi naecheta na-etolite na mmepta nke elu ngalaba nke mkpr obi, ma wee na-agba s
bna a dream, ka uche ziri ezi na-kpamkpam na-emechi. Ma na osisi, na uche ziri
ezi n'z zuru ezu na-emeghe, na-echeta na-adgh na-agba s. Olee ot pr
ikpeaz na-ekwu okwu nke a nr ebe dgh nche b, site na nr ga-agnye isi ihe
nke na-echeta? Nche nke ma na-enwegh a dream, adgh nr-enwegh aza. Ya mere,
br na na-ekwu, osisi na-ebi a nr nd, na ihe bla z, a gwara any otu ihe
ah d ka, e nwere onyinyo na ihe bla na-achp ya. b ihe iberibe; na ugbu a na
osisi a ga-ada ka ihe ptara.
N'ihi ya, anya any na-ach n nd nke osisi naan ruo mgbe okooko ike nn kaekwu banyere d ka ma br na dgh ihe banyere ifuru kwpta; na eziokwu d
ka ebe a b njedebe nke nd a, n'otu nkwubi okwu na-mgbe na-argo n'akk naenwe obere mmas na-achso otu ihe ah nakwa na nfedakwasi n'akk. Ma nd d
ot ah a na sat d ad, na-efu, any agagh na-ah maka osisi, b na any na-eche
nke ok ak na ba nke ihe onwunwe na vitality, nke e ji site n'ugbu a ka mmepe nke
mkpr osisi b na b na ok mgbal nke kwesr ekwes akrngwa, nke a d nn
jidere na d ka na njikta spam usoro ohere. nye n'ezie ama-ejide ifuru s n'h ah,
ga-ah a nt chiri mkpr niile mkpr osisi; ma any, b nd matara naan egbuke
oge nke ya maara ihe gbasara mm nd na heyday nke osisi, okwu ga-ad iche.
Mgbe mmad b banyere heyday nke nd na-, ot ah anwbegh; nd ya ga-emeri
nan site ugbu a gaa ebe z na ptara. Tupu mgbe ah, z na-ele ya elekta onwe g
na ozugbo ugbu a, ma dgh mgbe nn uche banyere onwe ya, n'ihi na onye bla
mbanye externally anabata ihe na nd iche nd na nzaghachi, na-amalite site ugbu a,
tlee-eme n'dnihu na n'oge gara aga z, ihe einzukehren n'onwe ya inye a mr
na-eme ihe maka m. The gloss nke nd expires, na d mkpa enwekwu nd
susceptibility ha na nan uche-t resigns, na oru ka akpnw nke nta nke nta; n'ihi
na na matures n'ime ihe.
An analogous mgbanwe any ga-anabata ka analg mpga phenomena na osisi,
naan na ihe niile na-dara n'ime m mmad na-egbuke egbuke onwe-nsh, ebe a
z ga-ada mmetta na mmuo, ma pr izu ma kpebisie ike na na;. O nwere ike naamalite a d ntule nke mmetta osisi n'onwe ya, Ot d, ha susceptibility mpga
stimuli mbelata d ka any kwesr anya na akk n'ezie nway nway akpnw

na a d mmuo zlite, n na-agwa ya, onwe ya n'd -eto eto plantlet na osisi az na
abzuspiegeln vorweisend ma b mta nwa. (Cheta na osisi ga-sere onyinyo ya dum
echichi d ka rootlets na Blattfederchen na osisi.) Otu nwere ike na-as, guzobe nke
eto eto plantlet na nkpuru-anchi anya nd mb na nan ezi echiche na isi-ha, na nke
-echeta ha dum nd chchr achikota na-egosipta nchegbu banyere dnihu nke
z, ya otu kachasi mkpa. zkwa any na-eche itinye onwe ha ka ee an ah Filiks
ke ibuot,-ekpe gbanwere ihe na ya. Ma ot amagh isi ka mkpr ga-egosi na osisi
megide dum osisi nke mere amagh isi d ka ebe nchekwa nke nd gara aga si, nke b
mkpr obi nke nd e kere eke nke hr plantlet now-emegide dum nd gara aga
nke osisi onwe ya. Ma na-ma na-any na-echeta naan nda # mb oyiyi nke eziokwu.
Ka ghara b na analg usoro guzobere hr Nigeria m mmad na-esonyere
nsh. d nn ka na uto. N'ihi na osisi, usoro a nwere a d nn iche ptara kara
m mmad;ihe a ga-akwado nke a, b n'ebe ah n'elu, e zigara isi nke osisi. D ka
ntoju b nn n'n nke uto usoro na n'elu ah direction, na mkpr osisi na nkpuru
guzobere b naan z az na a na-aga n'ihu n'ime direction, a itule na-eto eto osisi
n'onwe ya. b ugbu a uto n'ozuzu nkwado nke mkpr obi ije na osisi, b nke a
d nn ka mma na-aga n'ihu n'ime kara ile mmad anya direction.
bna iwebata nke fruiting usoro onwe ya, na mberede, na-egosi kas d rba ama
d iche n'etiti osisi na m anman, na b na e nwere n'z zuru ezu ntekwasa na
otu kachasi mkpa onwe echiche usoro, ebe a n'etiti ab na-akr usoro. Nke a pr
b ezigbo mkpa n'ihi na psyche. Osisi na Animal Alaeze na-emi odude d nn bgh
a ugboro ugboro ma na-ark; ihe na-aga na m anman na olileanya adghzi
amagh onwe na naan Chpta ichekwa na phenomena nke na-enye echeta ihe mgbe
niile na-ewe ebe akwukwo nri ala-eze, nke Nleta na osisi d nn isi ihe ha maara
nd. k izute n'z nd z na-ezuru. Ebe a nke a na kntakt ga-hinted strangely
ezu na n'elu ah anya.
N'ezie, any pr nan nye a game of mpga myirta, ma ka b onwe, d ka
mkpr, nakwa d ka isi nke ah nd mmad, na-adkar n'elu, a na-gbara ya
gburugburu a d ike okpokoro isi, na nkpuru nime ya n'd br na-deceptively
yiri, 1) na na elu na klas nke osisi ab cotyledons, d nn ka br ke n'elu mm
nke m anman nwere ihe ab ammamihe; ee ka a okwu nke umi nwere proteind ka na ma.
1)

M cheta ihe wlsche aku; Ma myirta na-aga n'ihu, ma br na onye

chetara na ala m anman nwere ezigbo chee.

XV. Atnyere, schemata.

fd elegh anya gbala kwaa mmekrta d n'etiti anumanu na osisi site na otu
slogan, mfe atmat, ma b njirimara na a ruru n'etiti ihe nd z nk ozugbo na
n'z dabara adaba. Echere m na nke a b m agagh ekwe omume. General okwu,
mfe schemata, visual atnyere nwere ike mgbe naan ike bara uru na-ewetara a
mgbagwoju mmekrta fd peeji nke ma b n'echebaragh ya echiche n'z
kwesr ekwes. Ya mere, osisi na m anman nwere ike machibidoro polar site
ihe fd na mmekrta onye bla z; ma na ot tt z ha votu ma

ekweta; mgbe a fd gw d ka steep enm ke vetikal ogidi; ma n'ihi na nd z

na mmekrta, ka ga-an n'ime r; nwere ike ghta osisi d ka a na-eji m
anman mgbe fd n'ihe banyere; ma nwere ike igosi na ihe niile nkwa naadgh. One nwere ike ak a akara, m anman na-akp a bl, ot e si akp a ihu
z oval, z z gburugburu; ma o nwere nke mere na ezi physiognomy akara ma
ezi, ma b ha pr isi na-enweta site na nke a n'ozuzu atmat? Onye pr tnyere
osisi na m anman na nke a ma b na ihe ihe, ot e si na-ah a isi ihe ta apl,
z kara nke a ube yiri; ma na ot tt z d ot ah atnyere ngide ma mgbe
nile na az n'az ziri ezi onye, na ot tt ha ruru n'ofe? Na nso nso a na mmekrta
d n'etiti anumanu na osisi b ma site bla ihe ezi, sharper na nd z keukwu iji
gosi na nn kara na otu onye na-ekwu na b ugbu a d nn mmekrta d n'etiti
anumanu na osisi. hr nke a ruru ka ozuzu oke nke ya oge ebe z nke mere ha
z d ka n'etiti anumanu na osisi. Nature akuko enwegh ebe ezi.
N'aka nke z, e nwere mgbe niile b otu onye na-mkpa kama iji tlee mgbagwoju
mmekrta n'ime Enge jiri mettara ebe, na-eji a nti usoro ma ese d ka ojiji nke
schemata na-atnyere nwere ike b n'ihi na njem d ka a dum, pta h na onodu nke
kachasi mkpa, echiche nke mmekrta n'etiti d iche iche dd ebe, nnukwu uru naat anya.
Ebe a any na-ah nd d ot ah a usoro, nke n'ezie egbo atmanya nke nd a uru,
bgh n'ihu ha, ha enwegh ike ime nke ma n'ebe a, ma b na ha kere, any gaenwe ike ide na a ma n'z siri ike, ebe b na nd d ot ah ngwa ke kpmkwem
zuru ezu mkparta ka, d ka ebe a nwere ike-n'otu ebe, na miri botanical na
Zoological ihe mma, d ka any nwere na a ga-dabeere.
Ka any kwst nwekwara nd na-eson sample b bgh nke ukwuu ibu ibu, ma
b bna na-ok nj n'obi na comparative na schematic anya nke mmekrta d n'etiti
anumanu na osisi. Naan ebe a na-d ka Ernst hinted site egwuregwu. zkwa a
n'akk nke egwuregwu b ihe a ihe, nke d ike ogide dkara ala mm, ma br
na bgh ugbua nwere mmas na nk mmta sayens na rigor.
Mara ezu, b ezie na ah adchagh uri mmas serving, b jiri osisi, karsa na
okooko osisi, mgbe fd, m, mgbe fd, nd inyom. Ma o yiri ka d nn iche
atnyere, now i nwere ike h a n na nd inyom na-angide onwe ha naan m
megide nd. Na mberede, ma jide otu isiokwu si na akk d iche iche.
The isi nke tnyere nke okooko osisi na m na-na ha na-ewere wa d ka ha nkt
nne, ka jidesie ya, mere ya ka mia nri; na ha nwere ike b nabata niile
mkpa; adgh na-agba s d n'ebe d anya; na ha mara mma, enyi na enyi, emegh ihe
j anya, dgh onye na-eme ihe bla aka ahu; -egbuke egbuke Uwe emer, ma,
echiche any, ka na-ejide elu na mkpr obi ha nakwa na ezi uche, d ka b nwa ah
mkpr obi. The kas elu nke ha weta ya na m ya nghta, obere nwa bebi -, DS t
Bschekindchen ama bp eto eto na osisi nwere osisi na bushes; magh, ma nke
ma ebe maara ihe nke ah ptara n'ihi na nd okenye n'ezie. Onye bla ga-aba
Schiller song na ihe at a:
Umu tapered anyanw,
okooko osisi ch ya mma nnukwu n l wdg

nke N'ezie any ka any na-ama comment na tt ihe nd z nd na-ede uri naabchagh eziokwu d ka okooko osisi na abal, d ka o kwuptara jidere abal; na
bgh naan na a chr nke na-emet na nd mkps aka, wukwasi ha nd, ass,
mkpr obi, obi, mgbe a ama mere tt nd z d ike mkps aka.
Bkwa mmalite nke a mara mma song nke Heine, nd fr nke nta-adgh ada da
nke Heine, d ka na-echeta mgbe na-ekwu ka a nwata:
" b d ka a ifuru,
Ya mere, mma na nd mara mma
ma d cha "wdg
Ub obere n'z uri n'ezie na-ewe si mgbe Hegel (Nature Philos S. 471st) kwuru,
s: "Osisi Ot d, d ka nd mb subsistent isiokwu nke ka na-aba site immediacy,
nd na-adgh ike, ihe maka nd na ya ya onwe ya na-erubegh bilitere ka
esemokwu ha. " - Onye bla na z ya!
ma nke ma ka tt isi ihe nd tnyere enye anchi anya uma nke femininity nke
osisi.
The osisi na-angide na dika nwanyi mgbe niile spellbound na ya esika gburugburu
nke nd, naan akwkw je, Ot d, na anman emet nwoke unbound d n'ebe
d anya; ma maara na ya esika n nke ihe nile di ka nd kas mma ojiji, n'enwegh
eduzi instincts na-enwegh eweta ya mgbe ka elu gg isi nke anman, na nke a,
b nwunye nwoke ah, nd z nghta na amamihe mee Umblick na transformative
ad na -abgh wa banyere ahap. The osisi na-angide, d ka nwaany nke nwoke,
mgbe uche nke anman isiokwu, ma b bna ihe nd kas mma ruru, d ka e
gosiri na urukurubba ka ifuru, bgh megide ya. chats ka esi s t na nd
agbata obi ya. ana achi achi nri nke anman, mee achcha (na nt), na-akwadebe
akwkw nri maka otu ihe ah. kacha mmas g azmaha ma na-angide ruo
heyday nke nd ha, ka anya mara mma ch na mgbe niile na-anchi anya hr na
nd mara mma ya gg. N'ihi na e nwere bna fd okooko osisi na-ebili d ka
nd inyom na-acha cha stof na naan mgbe e mesr uwe tr gw, n'ezie uwe
ugboro ugboro. 1) Ma mgbe oge na-eto eto hnanya arah, na osisi a ga-raara nye a
hr r. Ugbu a, na-akplite nd yi tinsel iwepta, na mb ha na naan echiche b
na-elekta m ha, nke na-elektakwa na bea, na onye, ebe akpatre detached si ya,
ka ha guzo gburugburu ogologo oge.
1)

"Ya mere z. B. (banyere naan nd kas d rba ihe at) nke Cheiranthus
Chamaeleon a whitish ifuru nke b lemon odo na n'ikpeaz uhie uhie e mesr,
ibido na a obere hints nke violet. The petalsStylidium fruticosum R. br. Ndi icha
mmirimmiri odo mgbe ha na-niile metere, ma mgbe e mesr na ha achaala na
h bilie na-acha agba. ifuru nke Oenothera tetraptera L. na mb na-acha cha,
mgbe ah, biliri, fr nke nta ka red. Tamarindus indica L. nwere, d ka Nwada
G. Hayne, ke akpa usen acha cha petals na nke ab odo. na corolla
nke Cobaea scandens Cav b. akpa usen greenish-na-acha cha, n'ubchi
violet. na hibiscus mutabilis L. awade na nke a d rba ama ma na-akzi onu.
Ya ifuru b ya b isi tt b mgbe agbasa ( naitre) maara banyere etiti-ehihie

 na-agh bara bara ma b ogho uhie, na n'ikpeaz, mgbe (anyanw, b

red. na idhe nke West Indies na agba mgbanwe b mgbe. (Decand., Physiol. II
p. 724.)

Onye na-echetara ebe a nke ihe Schiller ekwu, s:

"Nwoke gains n'wa obi j,
ime ihe ma na-agbalsi Ghagh
Ma osisi na-emepta,
Erlisten erraffen,
Bet kwesr na-akp mnna
si ach nta Obi t ....
Na n'ime l na-achkwa
The obi umeala nagh ar r ego
nne nke m,
na chch d ka
na an l gburugburu,
na-ezi m agbgh,
na iso nso nwa okoro,
na-akpasu na-enwegh gwgw
The r n'aka aka,
na multi-emeri
Na ordnendem uche.
Juputa na ak na keisi l aha
na ebute purring spindle na eri,
na-anakta na cleanly lar shelves
The akachia aj an, nd schneeigten
Lein,
na-agbakwnye, ka ezi luster na sheen,
na-adgide bgh.
Doro m anya, d ka na-ede uri mgbe niile ihe z m, d ka ha na-ekwu ihu na az
ihe d nk n'ime ganihu na-ekpe iji chpta na-ede uri na ugbu n'ezie nan na
mmekrta d n'etiti anumanu na osisi adgh chr na-anchi anya d ka ihe kas
mma na-adaba ihe niile. The ozizi na weirs, mmiri ozuzo nke aka na fd nd z d
ka tt n'ezie iyi obere ihe kwesr ekwes; ma b, d ka ihe niile d ot ah ikpe,
na na na ezi nkwa nke. Onye bla mkpr, nke nwere ma ebe b na ka nghta
na nkpuru on nne osisi, na-amta site ya ot na-eto eto na-adgh na-eto eto; -adgh
agw agw mmiri ozuzo nke r n'aka aka ma na-egosipta n'z dabara adaba, naadgh agw agw ndinyanade mbne nke Ib akwkw nke Umsichwirken na-ar
r nke osisi iji kwadebe ihe maka m anman r. Ak nke keisi l aha b
tt na-at t bekee osisi na mkpr nd, d ka na-ose-a kabinet, naktara; naatghar atghar nke na eri na gburugburu spindle nke spinning gburugburu ara na

nd z na-amba gburugburu formations a ptara, adru osisi b na-eguzogide gw

n'r. Na akachia aj na flax schneeigten na-ezubere iche na owu na flax, na ya na
gloss na shimmer na akachia na agba nke osisi.
Mgbe nke a wuru nkwa ikekwe na-eson d mfe keugwu uri Rckerts b ya mere
ka mma, nke o ji mara nke nne okooko osisi n'z mara mma:
The ifuru nke arkwaghm.
"Ab m oge ntoju n'ogige
na-echere ide ji.
Mgbe n'z dkwa aaa
tritst m okirikiri.
na-aba ray nke anyanw,
URU ND M gi zuru ok
n'af n'obi ka na,
na-g anya.
na-aba d ka igirigi na miri-ozuzo,
M mere g ngzi
Na hnanya kw kwere
ekwe ka ya akr.
Na fhrest mildly
hin banyere m na ifufe,
nke mere b 'Aga m agbasagh m,
s, Ana m g onwe g.
M ntoju n'ogige
na-echere na Sille,
ndien ke z
g jee ije n'z m okirikiri. "
(Rckerts Ges. Poems B 98.)

D ka m na mba girl mgbe okooko (.. Poems, Vol II, p 97 Ges.) Na-na-eson e si
Rckerts Amaryllis e ji mara:
Mmiri osi ite si oyi njem
igirigi, ma b m ha ga na-a;
o kwenyere isoro fma na Morgenlied mkpori tines.
Ma adorns ya green l na okooko osisi mpe mpe
akwa.
Ba, obi m, ka unu anya ya na-awaghar
mgbe okooko osisi on niile corridors !

mba m agbgh nd ha b aka nri na aka ekpe

Steh'n hichaa ya, mgbe nke chr iji nweta? "
Na m ahh osisi nwere a ptara h oyiyi fd onye akk na obere na nd
nke ha metamorphosis nile, 2) nke e nyere any na mbu ihe banyere fd okwu oge.
2) mkpokta. Ebe a, banyere n'etiti Linnaeus na s. Metamorphosis plantarum
sub praes. MEE Car. Linnaei proposita a NIC. a Dalberg. Upsaliac, 1755, ke
Amoenitat. acad. IV. P. 368th

Ugbua na dd na cha egosi ok myirta d n'etiti okooko osisi na butterflies; nke

mere na onye na-adgh mgbe ihe bara nn tnyere nd butterflies rr adkwa nd
okooko.Adaka ma fd orchid okooko osisi butterflies n'z nile; na aha
urukurubba ifuru, nnukwu klas nke osisi (ebe vetch, agwa, wdg nwe)-edu, na-egosi
a predominating ebe a myirta.Ma mmas nke nd a mpga myirta na-abawanye nn
site n'tle ama ugboro ugboro metr na; mgbanwe mmekrta d n'etiti mmad
ab; ebe nwanyi agwa okooko osisi karsa ptara h na-aba h. The ifuru d ka a
na-ezu ike n d urukurubba, echere nleta nke swarming; a yiri mmekrta, d ka
any bkwa na m ahh na bbeze ya, z. B. n'etiti Weiblein na nwoke igurube
ebe mara. Na, na ikuku Force kr ga-angide n'elu ala; green na-and nway
ma na-adta nan site na-egbuke egbuke luster nke nta nwoke. Nke a nwere yiri gloss,
ma elegh anya chawapr anya d ka obere nwaany na-ach otu ihe ah naemeghe. Ya mere, na agba na-enwu ifuru si green k si, na mma na otu na agba naenwu, ma chawapr na-ach anya, nd urukurubba na-ele ha, ha na-agbaso n'ala, a
pr nan ga-ach.
Olee urukurubba na ifuru b nan yie, n'af ma ihe yiri nke ah bna site a yiri ihe
owuwu, ebe ha slumbered mechiri emechi na apaji ruo mgbe ogologo on mb ogbo
nke development. Na-enwegh ike n'ezie n'etiti nwa osisi nke ifuru, na nwa bebi, nke
d urukurubba oge izu, ma malite na Community n'gb nke h, na-ah a na-ah
oyiyi? N'ezie, bna azuokokoosisi site, ji nway nway na elu ibu, a ga-ede
emepta pushes na nke z, nd bead ghara b nn na-enwegh at, nke gaba n'iru
ar ar, otu kw pushes nke z na-at. na retains naan osisi, d ka any kwuru na
mb, mgbe niile anya, Ot d ahh revoking ya na mb ogbo nke development
n'okpuru n'onwe ya.
The ikuku-edu gburugburu kwa nke gabiga dum ewu nke osisi, na, n'ezie,
branched, ikuku ducts, nke gabiga ihe niile Nd m ahh, iguzobe nd mmekrta
d n'etiti ab estidem nzuk.
Onye-enwe obi t yiri atnyere, mmekrta d n'etiti anumanu na osisi na
anman ya maka onwe ke ruru nke z clumped j usoro na ihe branched vaskla
usoro, ma b na osisi onwe ke ruru nke nd z centrally ikpeaz oge ntoju ka free
na n'akk niile branched g kwuo ga-ah. Ma na ihe nwere ike b ikpeaz h ihe
nd tnyere! ga-ab tedious na-abagh uru n'otu oge na-achso ha n'ebe nile. Ezie
na e nwere oge mgbe fr nke nta dum r nke eke nk ihe mma na-ach na
pursuance nke nd d ot ah yiri ibe ha. M ga-ab onye ikpeaz na-ach conjure z.

N'etiti tt nd nwere mmas echiche, nd e kwuru na mb peculiarity nke osisi

nye r elu a chch gburugburu formations na nd nke ya akk. br na onye
chr na mb-enye ihe at gimmick maka a ole na ole oge anya, ot eche nke
gburugburu circumferential nke epupta g kwuo na dum ogologo nke osisi na ifuru
(pistil, stamens na petals) to forterstreckenden gburugburu ara; zkwa. Na nectar
na e dere ihe ifuru, na urukurubba, na-ach nd nectar, na-agw ihe echiche, ibi,
ukwuu n'ime na-egbu egbu na ilu bekee, na osisi Mgbe ah ifuru wee ghara mehiere
jiri nd na-akwado site na agw-entwined ga nnukwu efere nke Hygeia, nke na
hineinzngelt ha nsi na r nke chi nwany nke na-agw z agw ah n'elu isi ya; na
urukurubba, ma nd na-and ifuru, ka mkpr obi nke na-ach na nectar nke ah
ike, ma iji ruo ya, ga-akpali gara aga nan na asusu di iche iche nke isi nke ajala; ie
naan site na intermediary nke onwe ya d ize nd gw bekee na nk mmta gw
na-eduga n ah ike.
Next: na-eche ot n'ozuzu gburugburu chch nke osisi na-megide ihe
predominating na m anman nche na-az na-agba s d na nrughar bara
ngaghar. Mgbe ah pr ikwu na ihe osisi a na-eduzi na imewe na estidem ije
Filiks z on n'd kwa af (o) ije nke anyanw nke elu-igwe, nke b a gburugburu
mara, na anman nd z na kwa ije nke otu, nke b ot ah a okirikiri e, ma b
ok, b naan otu uzo nke kwa af gburugburu n'okporo z nke anyanw; na o
nwere ike b, cheta na na-ehi ra na aza osisi nd z nke kwa af, na anman nd
a ihe nd kwa oge. Na ihe nd z, na-akwanyere onye nwekwara ike ikwu, osisi naeduzi ihe na ije na a mgbe n'elu wa, na m anman mgbe nke na-eme ka etiti nke
Earth d ka na-agba anyanw gburugburu, d ka ogologo oge ije nke ihe na n'elu
wa d ka a na-ekewet nke ga gburugburu nke wa gburugburu ya axis na N'ezie
anyanw gburugburu, bkwa a gburugburu d. Ka dgod, nd a b nan mmekrta
na pr inweta uru nan site na ihe mma nke a causal mmekrta na sayens, ihe naabgh atmanya maka now.
bna site a nn nk mmta sayens na akk a pr gburugburu chch nke
osisi ghta na ike mpta nke a d osisi ka a fd gw ya. Any ji ekere k ebe a
nn nkenke isi pta nke nnyocha Schimperschen ya:
The atmat niile zuru ok osisi a na-dr gaba n'ime ebe-anchi anya n'okpuru
n'd a square na ala anynya aro, site na nke d ka fd mgbak na mwep iwu
n'akk radii (epupta) si. Iwu nke nd ha na axis na-egosi na kprkp iche d
na udi nke osisi, ma mgbe nile na-egosi n'okpuru n'd a gburugburu akara, nke ifufe
gburugburu axis na akpan akpan ikpehe ekikere eziga elu radii. Ka any oku na-aga
okirikiri nke gburugburu d ot ah a akk ya nke bla okirikiri (mpempe
akwkw) na-at anya rue-agba ruo mgbe b az a dpr adp ruo na otu, nd
axis yiri akara, ebe mb b, na-aga, ajj na-ebilite: l) ot tt radii (epupta) nwere
na-aga site gburugburu na mpta nke axle iru ala gba okirikiri nke okirikiri n'elu, na
ot tt akk fd nke okirikiri e si ot kewara ekewa site 3) 2) ot tt agba
nwere gburugburu n'ime a okirikiri ime ka iru elu site na ala gba okirikiri site n'etiti
radii. Ma n gg nke nd na ngalaba d ka revolutions nke helix n'ime a okirikiri
na-now mgbe nile maka onye bla osisi, n'ihi na d iche iche osisi ma d iche iche,

ya mere, na-n'z e ji mara nke umu. bgh bla n gg ngalaba na

circulations ma kwere omume; ma space kpr e nwere ike iwere na nan nd naeson usoro:
l, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,
onye iwu d mfe inweta. The mb na nke ab nmba nke otu b n'ezie mb eke
nmba, nke at nmba h na nchikota nke mb na nke ab, na mgbe bla di
gg b nchikota nke ab bu z ya. N'ihi ya, n gg nke akk fd nke a
okirikiri z. B. 2 ma b 3 ma b 5 ma b 8, ma bgh 4 ma b 6 ma b $ 7,
na otu a kwa ka n gg nke agba.The n gg nke akk fd na n gg
nke revolutions nke gburugburu, n'ime otu okirikiri ma b site a akpan akpan iwu
jiktara. . br na ihe at, n gg nke nd na ngalaba 2, d ka b na nke
revolutions mgbe niile l (ihe otu onye na-ekwupta 1 / 2 ), n gg nke ngalaba 3,
nke mere ka agba bkwa l (ie 1 / 3 ); b n gg nke ngalaba 5, ya na agba b 2
(ie 2 / 5 ), na nd niile na-ekwe omume nd d ka nd a:
89/
, ...
1 / 1/ , 2/ 3/ 5/ 8/ , 13/ , 21/ , 34/ , 55/
2 3
5 8 13 21
34
55
89
144
233

na ihe iwu b z mfe h. The counter nke bla akk d nta b ya b denominator
nke ab bu z ezumike h.
3)

br na a dpr adp ruo na n'agbata ab k radii nke okirikiri, ot a

b ndammana kewara ab akk site; Ab n'ime ha, na-na ot kere at
ngalaba., Mgbe ke l k b ihe karr n gg nke etiti radii. Nke ukwuu k
nwere cycles nke a osisi, d ka ukwuu nke axis yiri edoghi n'ebe ah, ebe b
mgbe doo n'k nke osisi.

Izi ezi nke n'ihu ebe a Schimperschen echiche N'ezie, bgh ihe n'eluigwe na wa
kwetara; site karsa mgbe nile space kpr nke gara aga fractures na-ag d ka a
n'ozuzu na-ach tt nchpta. The mnna Bravais emeela a d nn iche n'z naanchi anya gburugburu chch nke akwukwo nd n'z iwu kwadoro. Naumann
weere Quincunx d ka isi n'iwu agba nd. Mathematically kpmkwem n'nd
nd n'ebe na-adgh na osisi, na na site a mgbazi az ka kwuru Beiseitlassung ma e
wezga ikpe, nnabata nke dda u. D ka. dd nke nd d ot ah a zuru ezu iwu naapta, ot ah gosi osisi mgbe fd oyiyi. Agbanyegh, b obibia nke agba nd a
legalism eziokwu nke nwere ike ekewet gburugburu d, ma na-enwegh organic
nnwere onwe si ot a kpamkpam tutu amama.
A doro anya ngosi nke ihe nnyocha Schimperschen nke underlies ikpeaz, e nwere
ike d Burmeister akk nke okike (2nd ed. P 340). N'ihi na nkwa n'okwu a na-ah
na nd na-eson mbipta :. Dr. Schimper, nkwa nke Symphytum zeyheri wdg na
Geigers Mag S. Pharmacie .. Vol. XXIX. S. l FF. - Dr. A. Braun, Comparative
nnyocha nke iji nke ihe tt na pine cones, wdg Nov. Act. Acad. CLNCT XIV. Vol.
I. p. 195-402. - Dr. Schimper, okwu banyere ekwe omume nke a na nk mmta
sayens nghta nke agba nd, wdg, natara n'aka Dr. A. Braun. Flora Jahrg.
XVIII. dgh. 10. 11. 12. (1835). - L. et A. Bravais, Mmoires sur la chch obi

gomtrique nke feuilles et des inflorescences, tupu d'un maliteghara des travaux nke
MM Schimper et le mme sujet aja aja sur, par Ch Martius et A. Bravais ... Paris
1838. German nke Walpers. Wroclaw. 1839. - Bravais na Ann. nke SC. Nat. 1837.
Part bot .. I. 42. 1839. Part bot .. II l - .. Naumann na Pogg. Ann. 1842. (2nd
n'usoro). Vol. 26, S. l. (Hons. Na Wiegm. Njiko. 1844. II. 49.)
Next nd nke n'akk akk nke axis nwere karsa mgbanwe nke b otu mgbe
mara onye bla z, na-adr mmas uche nke hr n'okike on onwe ya. Ka any
nye nd e ji mara nke hr osisi morphology h na-eson nchkta nke a k site
ahia (njik na Wiegm. Njiko. 1842.II. p.164).
"The ihe na-adbegh anya morphology na-, na manifold iche, n'okpuru nke osisi
na-emi odude, n'ihi na a isi d, ma b kama na-inferred. b ihe na botani, d ka
n'r site crystallographer na mineralogy site nke na ihe na ma b obere
kpmkwem isi gg eweptara d iche iche obere odide, nke ime ke okike. osisi
nwere ma kama nke nd mejuptara ezigbo okwu, nke mb mere ka nd axis akk,
na nke akk nd d ka nd t. nd mmad onye oji a mere, ot gkwuo nkwekrta
na mbaa, wep na-eru nso, n'otu na ma, siri na-agh coarser na na, ya; ka-ewetara
nd na emepta, nwere ugbu a, na na-eche echiche g dkwuo akk iji belata kpam
angh (avorter) epupta hr na dd site chptara. karsa, a chptara naagbanwe n'akk akk n'ime onye bla z, na na onye pr ile music d ka nd
b isi na d nke ihe nile n'akk nd z na-akpa na n'b nke mbrayo na. Nke a b
metamorphosis osisi d ugbu a ka na Goethe-akp na France, a ejiji hr D ka ot
ha na e-akp mgbe fd d na Germany. Ha ga-akp Linnaean n'ezie, ebe b na ha
ama n'z zuru ezu kwuo Linnaeus. "
d mfe na-atle na n'elu usoro nke na-am nkwekrta, site ha dd na-enye
ohere, na-eme ihe niile N'ime ihe niile. Na ike na ya na-arbitrariness-e-eme zuru
ezu. The mgbanwe nke akk n'ime onye bla z ma na-angide a d nn rba
ama na rba onu, banyere onye nwere ike na-ag nd z na Goethe mbinye aka na
osisi metamorphosis.
Kacha nkt na nke kas mkpa ptara na mmekrta d n'etiti anumanu na osisi yiri
ka m tt ugboro na-ama otk n'adgh ha Entwickelungsrichtung internally na
externally nwere.
na obere nwere ike s: m anman na-eto eto nd z n'ime onwe ya, sin osisi
anya; na e kewara ekewa, folds z n'ime, nd a z n'elu ah. b ezie na nke a d
iche na ha agagh zuru, ma nke mere na pr h na na mmepe si ambiguous n'etiti
alaeze ukwu ma nd buru ok ibu na m anman nile z na-akpa, d ka na
akwukwo nri ala-eze nke ab n'akk.
N'ezie, any na-anumanu na osisi na ha zuru ok kari nkebi oppositely:
dechara anman externally z kmpat, na ezi ike kpmkwem udi, na ole na ole
niile fd mpga projections nakwa fd masr an amta on edo chunks nke ah
ah, na aka nke z n'ime glie egwu na-a ka elu anman ka ebili si ala manifold nke
akk nke z na-ekewa n'ime ebi finer na finer subdivisions na n'ikpeaz na-eso ha
ikpeaz n'ime ime mgbanwe nke nnwere onwe nke mkpr obi na-akpali ya, ma

br na ime ime nzuk mmekrta aka imeziwanye nk ha na njik na guzobe nke

echiche na inwe obi usoro na N'ezie nke maara echiche nd n'ime ezi. Na br, nke
ikpeaz emep uta eri bna messed elu-agbap ka owu e ji na gara uhi uhi nke a
na-akpa kw, d ka mgbe niile n'ime ibu na decays ikpeaz ihe bla na-angide ma
site na-eto eto site n'onwe ya, ma b decays ama Zerfllte ka ma hr
ntziaka. Na-ar r na mmepe nke a n'ime z gafertara ibe mgbe ah elu iche
echiche nd a na njik.
The osisi na aka nke z na-ah n gg kas elu nke nd ha n'ime n'elu na n'elu
z d nn ya na-agb agb Gemeng nke emep uta eri, mkpr nd, akpa
darbietend-enwegh rba mmebi na akk ah nd d, na aka nke z na-adgh agw
agw, na n'aka ndi ala ka elu osisi, ebo site alaka site na nke a na-igu a mgbe
epupta, auswachsend nke a bna mgbe veining ebi-amba ak na ba atughar
diverging moldings, cohesive ikpeaz Ome n'elu ah voraussetzlich na nnwere onwe
nke mkpr obi ha drava. zkwa nke a ruo mgbe ikpeaz entanglement, b ezie
n'echiche d iche kara tupu,-enwe ganihu; site alaka, epupta n'etiti bla z site naeto eto na ot ah ka arbor okpueze d; epupta onwe ya si ot ah pta na veining,
mgbe ezi branching, akpatre ezute elapse.
Nke a echiche b inweta ihe mbara mmas mgbe any na-etinye ha na na
schematic na mmekrta, mgbe nke ah nke anman d ka a akpa na-akpa gw
onye mmetta n'gb b n'ime nke osisi d ka nd d ot ah, ebe na-n'isi site mgbe
ah dum ruru b attributable ka iche nke indentation na protuberance akpa a. N'ezie
ike na n'ime na elu alaka nke anman na osisi nzuk nke ma na-d ka ntinye na
protuberances na-angide na gehends mgbe gbanye ma evaginate. Na otu onye pr
h na bna eke forms invaginated ama everted shapes nke nwere obere yiri, nwere
obere ebne ark mkpa; . Nd d ot ah d ka akpa ume na gills; genitalia masculiua
na feminina. Lee, any mr a atuaha on dum n'etiti alaeze ab. The stlpende aka
adwo agha na nd na-abgh mmetta elu nke akpa bla ikpe, na ot ah ka
mmetta elu nke anman na-lie ya n'ime indentations na nan osisi na elu
protuberances.(N'ezie, ya onwe ya b naan nd iche nke mmetta na-abgh mmetta
akk nke organism ka nke nnu na-.)
The mechiri emechi akpa m anman juts ebu z onwe ya, nke mere na
mbiputeghar-ebilite d ka a nightcap, onye n d n'elu isi; nchupu nke osisi, Ot
d, n'ime ab Lung na-wetara ogologo. The indentation na anman Nleta
alimentary kanaal, nke protuberance na osisi mgbrgw. The einstlpende ije na
m anman a na-eme ike ot nnukwu elu ya okpu, na n na-kpr, mgbe na ala
okpu contracts na ike. The eriri af nke anman na-ah n'ihu everted n'ime ya na
emepta as mmiri, imeju, pancreas; E wezga - indentations nke akpa bu ngg na
Genital feminina. Ot d, e nwere nd nchupu nke anman n'ezie a ab mpempe
akwkw na ime-ime mpempe akwkw adgh na-eso olu. Ma b gbany awara
awara, na-adwa, ka na-etinye n na kas nta ekwe omume n'ebe nd ruru ala n'ime
onwe ya br na gidigi az; n'aka nke z, n mpta mpempe akwkw nwere an
gburugburu ya invagination nsia kanaal d na ikwu d ka o kwere. A na-emepta
nnukwu oghere d n'agbata an na nsia kanaal, nke na irighiri akwara mpempe
akwkw na-apaji, ya mere, diche adgh jupta nn. Iji gbochie a d nkit, ikpa

na-now maara oru lined na a kwushin nke an ah na an ah, na-enye dum mmezi,
na ofu nkwado, di kpkp, agbat kenmde nd floss isi netwk ma dkta, na si
ot na-ad n'ah mpempe akwkw na akpkp eriri af Journal. Ke adianade do,
agbap nke j mpempe akwkw nke akpkp nsia akwukwo akwara na-ka
ngidere n d ka shredded flakes na eriri af mpempe akwkw d ka ejikta emep
uta eri na-ikpa mpempe akwkw na ganglia.
Na osisi, dgh ot ah nkewa nke akpa b anya ab d iche Ib akwkw, na
everted Pflanzenbalg nan stuffed na emep uta eri na connective an ah. The
vegetative na mmetta akwukwo ada ada n'ebe a n'otu. Na nke a b a d iche nke z
bara uru z ka iche d na ntziaka nke input na protuberance rr ka ma na-anchi
causal d ka teleological mmekrita thereto.
Ihu ma, n'ezie, bgh n'ebe nile a ezigbo aka, ma schematizing echiche nke naeme ihe niile egosipta Stlpbewegungen. folds, N'ikwu ya kpmkwem, dgh
akpkp ma b, ma na-guzobere mkpr nd nke nta nke nta na d ot ah, na-eto
eto ot na-ad ot etinye obi g dum na-eji nway nway folds nza nke n'anya otu
n'anya ihe ma b n'ebe apaji gbanwee , The ga nke ma b otu ihe ah d ka
ikpeaz, ma usoro nd z kara nke any si mezuo onwe ya realiter ntinye na
Ausfaltungen, ntinye na protuberances.
b ezie na m na-ekwuptara na tr ime nke z na-akpa gw j Journal, nadt cheptara echepta na, d ka a na-z sii ihe audacious az nkwa nke ikpeaz
nchekwa nd d ka a kpmkwem chptara nke ezigbo
Entwickelungsverhltnisse; ihe mgbe ah ga-egbochi, ha na-akws ok k mmta
sayens mmas m okphde izugbe mmegide nke muta na indentation n'etiti osisi na
m anman yiri nn kpebiri.
Wee na protuberance retara na osisi nan na n gg kas elu nke nd ha. Ebe
b na abatakwa oge otu, oge nke na filament ma b pollen na ihere nke pistil
nmetu ebe osisi, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, na-abia az megide onwe-ya, na a ga nowamalite na-eto eto site na pollen tube n'ime oghere nke ovary, a na mb naan hinted
Einstlpungsproze ji na-ala site dum fruiting.
Nke ab oscillation nke nd b ot a na osisi nile na-abgh direction kara nke
mb. Na m anman, nke a b kpmkwem ihe kpatara ya, d ka na mmalite nke
usoro nke nd ebe a na-ewe ntziaka nke z n'ime; ma dt na-egosi ihe kot
nwekwara m anman na eziokwu na m anman ma na-amba ka nwoke
atughar ma b na size, ma mgbe e mesr wee na-evolve nan ihe internally
Mgbe ga ndaba nke atmat achgh mbaa gabiga k nti. Na ebe nke kas ala
ntule,-eru nso nke etiti n'gb, protuberances aba na m anman n'ihu tt; nd d
iche b ma elu any r z n'z doro anya gaba n'iru na ma ala-eze. bna elu
anman, aka na kw, imi, Genital masc., The mammae, ntutu protuberances, nke
z agwa n'ime m anman d iche.
Ka any leba anya n mkpa nke ga nwere na aga na iche na nke maara ihe gbasara
mm.
br na mkpr obi b ihe kpmkwem na site na ha kpebisiri a chptakwara

otu okwu na-ah nkwado na oku, ot ga-enwegh ezi iche na kpmkwem mkpebi
siri ike nke mkpr obi na-egosipta onwe ya na m anman ah, dgh ihe, ma
ugbu a, na-a mkpr obi emee abgh Art ebne. The osisi mkpr obi ga-ihe nan
maka nd z, nd na-abgh nd omume kwupta ghr usoro; ihe banyere n'z wa
Ofri Est-apaji mgbe na ihe d n'ime Wuru na-apaji. Na ime ah n'aka nke ya, nke
mere na-ekwu okwu, z na-eduga na mkpr obi na-onwe ya, nwere ike ba az
onwe ya, na-akp atmat na mmetta elu site n'onye ah nke ya mpachi etiwap
az megide onwe-ya, si ot ime nmetu, ke akpatre gafertara ibe n'etiti na i tinye ya
na an nwere ike ime na; na hr edinam remuneration. Na osisi ebe mmetta elu
odude n'ime si p, nke a abgh kpmkwem ikpe; n'ihi na br bna Alaka ma
doo ya nile gburugburu divergence akpatre nwekwara Clasped, ha angide na-ji ma
n'z d ukwuu nke na kntakt, na mgbe ha mesr emet ala otu Ib akwkw na
allerwegs na veins, mgbe ah niile adaa naan onye bla z, ma b anastomoses,
enwegh aka ozugbo iji gbaghaa onwe ya; d ka any na-ah na br nke m
anman. Ot ah ka an ha mee a akk nke interiority tupu osisi at anya; na
n'ihi na ihe mere na-angide na osisi z na mfe sensuality; na ihe nd d
nfedakwasi direction nke nd na ntziaka nke mpachi eme osisi nke fd ebe, nke
ugbu a na-inweta indisputably mkpa kara ya n'ihi na osisi. Ma o kwegh mtara ot
site n mmalite dum nd nke osisi d ka anman d, ot na-ekwu okwu, naan
umbiegende n'n, nke na-agba si na m anman amama ezi uche. The osisi bea,
ot na-ekwu okwu, a obere anman naan d ka okpueze, la na n'elu n gg
kas elu na pyramid nke ha mebere atumatu ma nd, na mmata, a Sphinx, nke b
dd nke an ha ah d nn na omimi, mgbe m anman si n'okpuru b ihe
b h na-esote Memnon nke pyramid.
A yiri isi iche, d ka organic n'etiti anman na osisi imewe, nwekwara ike b na
anya ubi nke eke n'etiti organic na inorganic imewe bna na-ah, ma e wezga na
na-eje az ebe a iji nd mb l, mgbe na-eje ebe ah na atmat nke dum ,
The organic e kere eke, ma m anman ma b osisi, ibili si elementr akk
na-eto eto ime ime na n'ogige atr n'ime na ebuktala; nd inorganic, na kristal,
tghe n'ebe nd na-eto n'elu ah n'elu ah na inosiike. -ahuta ka ozizi mb ah nke
organic ya b mkpr nd, oghere, mm-jupta blisters, ha mgbidi thicken si n'z
ime ime, nke mere na nd lumen nke tt oge pua n'anya kpam kpam. O yiri site
mpachi n'ime bilie prominences, akpatre partitions, nke ha kee mkpr nd n'ime
tt. The kristal na aka nke z na-emepta site a siri ike Urkristall n'ime a aba
n'anya na esi site obibia si n'z, folds, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, na n'z na nkuku, ihe,
n'n, ma na-enwegh agbahap ya sikwuo; site, kama mgbe niile hr mkpr nd
hineinzuerzeugen n'onwe ya na-ada n'ime nke a, si ot mgbe niile bubbly, ga-kama na
mgbe hr na-einschachtelt aga na di crystal ikpe, na d ka a na-eto eto kmpat
dum.
Iju ot mfe ot ah diche n'usoro gbelu, d ka any na-achpta n'etiti anman
na osisi organism na crystal, ma nwere ike j na ya pta, ya mere, iru eru nile uma
nke d mfe diche, ebu nd d nn iche degrees nke mmepe na sikwuoro. Tlee ihe
immensely mgbagwoju anya ntule na mgbe niile ka o d mfe fdr kristal, na
Organic z dt ot mgbagwoju anya m anman na dt mfe ot ah osisi. The

mmepe n'ime doro anya na nwere a d nn iche, ihe nkenke na n'otu oge ah
bakwuo uru maka nd ime mm agwa kara ile mmad anya.
A N'ezie nn elu elu atmat na-akwanyere naan nd kas n'ozuzu na kas elu elu
nke morphological nd, ma mmas na na kpamkpam mmanya na ezumike mgbe
tt n'ihe ike nd na-esote.
The plump onwe dude, na-emekar elongated udi nke anman ah yiri, anya
megide osisi, ofri z nke ellipse ebe n'obi na br nwere ike icheta ot ah hiwere
isi gburugburu nke ihe niile kwnyeere nd nke anman, na udi nke osisi na aka nke
z, site n'onye ah nke ha ab na-abgh gaba n'iru divergence na alaka, epupta
na okooko osisi, ruo mgbrgw na-agbasa ozi, z nke ikwubiga okwu k; na any
na-eji mfe ikpe nke a top unbranched, naan otu ifuru-am azuokokoosisi nke mere
ifuru ga-ad elu Hyperbelhlfte ka elu elu ugwu ah nke nd n'onwe ya, na endpoints
nke osisi axis, n'apa nke pen na n'n nke taproot ga-eji dochie foci-anchi anya
n'etiti nke oscillates niile nd nke osisi; ab n site na nke ifuru elu na-akpata
gbatr ala, akk aka onu ire nke ma Hyperbelhlften; epupta mesr belata ya nkezi
kehoraizin ntziaka, ha na-eduzi adighi ike agafe n'akk axis.
The etiti n'gb n'etiti anumanu na osisi n'etiti * Tkwas na shapes na linear
shapes swaying, mgbe ah na-anchi anya otu ebe na ellipse na hyperbola site nwee
simplification ha armar (na-enwegh ihe infinitely ga-) na-aga n'ime * Tkwas na
linear iche-iche, nke a pr mere na tt z, na-eme ihe protean dd nke chi ojiji
zones mettara.
D ka a maara, nd ikwufe okwu k mee nke ellipse kpr eziokwu na i chere
mere nd na-ezigh ezi onye isi size na ntziaka; nke kwekr n'eziokwu ah b na
osisi ga-ghtara na a uche, d ka na-eji m anman. zkwa pr ndakwas
n'akk nke osisi nd, ebe pr h ha n'ime ihe ellipsoidal mkpr ifuru, na nd d
ot ah a ndokwa na mmekrta.
Atmat a b inweta mmas mgbe kwere kghas ya n'ime ihe at. The n gg
nke kwere omume ellipses nwere k-ala, ma ga-emepe parabola, nke n'ezie site n'otu
akk ka na-ada na-eri an niile nd nwere oke dd nke z b kwupta enweghi
ngwcha. D ka a maara, ya b na ellipse gh parabola, mgbe onye na-elekwas
anya nke ellipse na-enwegh nst n'of disengaged, ma b ihe ekwu otu ihe, nd isi
axis-ewe otu na-enwegh nst. br na now site n'gb nke nd d iche iche
ellipses n'gb nke ka na-akp nd mmad as nke ukwuu finitude m anman naanchi anya, ptara nd parabola, d ka elu gba nke ellipses, elu gba nke m
anman, na m mmad, nke, b ezie na inwe a n'akk nn ka anman
gbanyere mkprgw d n'elu ala, ma ga-emepe si n'akk nke z megide eluigwe
aba. N'ezie, bgh n'ezie b br ya, a gbadoro kw na-enwegh nst, ma
pr echiche d ot ah, na-agnye nke onye. Nke a bkwa kpmkwem atmat
obp na ihe at ah.
N'ilu nwere ike kama na-ahuta ka gba nke ellipses, d ka k-ala ikwufe okwu k
mee; ma n'echiche z. N'oge ikwu n'z nke ellipse na ilu doo anya a nn nwere
oke Nigeria enweghi ngwcha n'otu akk, na m anman amama n'ime kara
anman, kara mm ozi; na ntughari nke ikwufe okwu k mee na parabola na-

nwesr, na nw nke enweghi ngwcha kara nke a ab-kwadoro na-enwegh nst

b a otu kwadoro enweghi ngwcha ah. Mgbe nke ah gasr, nd mmad nwere ike
d nn ka mma d ka a ka a d ka a pr anya site na mbara igwe na elu ala, ma na
nw nke a nke eluigwe kara, kr osisi site n'wa laa eluigwe righting anman.
The tnyere nke anman na osisi na ellipse na hyperbola, a z na nk mmta
sayens mmas kara ya ruru mgbe gara aga onodi, emeri site na-eson usoro Mbelata
ka kpr nke a n'ozuzu mgbak na mwep morphology, nke m content onwe m
n'ebe a na fd hints.
The n'ozuzu d nke d iche n'etiti organic mmad nile (anumanu na osisi) na
inorganic dd (kristal) dabeere, na Short, na mb na-ejedebegh site curved, nke
ikpeaz site ewepgh-ebupta. The gbagr agbag shapes nke ntule site n'aka
mmad niile etoju nke * Tkwas na udi (approximately dabeere na fd osisi,
mkpr osisi, kw ma na ala m anman) ruo nd kas mgbagwoju anya mara b
nd na-aba ike nke na kpmkwem mgbak na mwep ngkta oge ma b ihe
nnchiteanya na formulas, nke a maara n'z b isi nke ihe nile Nature iche-iche na
ihe niile b eziokwu, n'ihi na bna na-emenye nd, N'ikwu ya kpmkwem, naan
ewepgh ebupta. br na otu n'ime obere fd abstracted; ot ah nkwa naeleghara anya. Ma n'ihi na a na-atle ihe nd kas mgbagwoju anya iche nke dd
pr b kpmkwem mgbak na mwep mgbe uru site na-ar nke n'okpuru nyere
mfe iche-iche ha na-kas yiri ihe ezi mkpebi siri ike na-enye ohere mgbe niile ime nha
na calculations, z. B. jr na bl a nyere m mmad isi b ihe kas yiri, ma b
br na chr ga n'ihu, nke ellipsoid, ma b ma br na onye chr banye isi
ike bna elu, nke ahu na-ebupta na-at ma b an iji. zkwa nwere ike bla
onye akk na-ebupta ya nile n'okpuru karsa nke nd d ot ah echiche. Ugbu a,
d ka ewepgh ebupta, ma b na-ebupta nke mb wee, nke ab iji na-ebupta,
ie nd mejuptara averages ma b projections nwere conic ngalaba, mfe. Ot ah ka
, ma br na jr, d conic udi nke osisi, na ihe d conic udi nke m anman
na (n'ihi na nkezi nke isi axis ma b ntule on a ha yiri gbelu) b nd kas yiri,
n'z ziri nn ezi ihe mbu na hyperbola, chta nke ikpeaz ah ellipse; ee, ga-,
mathematically na-ekwu okwu, n'ihi na onye bla akpan akpan osisi na onye bla
akpan akpan anman, nwere ike na-ezipta na akpan akpan ikwufe okwu k mee
na pr iche ellipse, nke ha b nd kas yiri ikwu.
b ezie na nke nd d ot ah, ezi n gg ike ma ot anya na-adgide adgide
mkpebi siri ike, iche site ha gbanwee echiche, na o siri ike a na nk mmta sayens na
ihe fr nke bara uru n'ihi na-at anya. Ma, o yiri ka m kpr tr ala ebe a echiche
mgbak
mwep
morphology maka nhazi kwa na-elegh anya nd z n'ozuzu
Contribuuna
a millorar
la traducci
zoro aka-ekwe nkwa bara uru, dgh ihe z na-akpali arpta ma d mfe kwa se
iche nke m anman na osisi, ma b akk ebe mkpachi b nn iche iche si
eziokwu ga-ewep, etinyere; nakwa na nke a b ama dkara ala na-akwanyere nke
ghasa l (gnyere site Naumann) mere na ihe ga nke ma. Ma doro anya na
kwesr ihe elu-edezi. Ya b mkpr ah, mkpr osisi na egg shapes d ka, nwere
obere n'ihi na nke mfe, nwere obere n'ihi na ha nwere dum osisi ma b dum
anman ugbua na nuce kwesr nlebara anya.

Text original

XVI. Na agba na isi.

The agba na isi nke osisi b ihe any ot Mara mma Ih'ma, na osisi onwe ya nke
mere ok mkpa nke na na ihe any mgbe fd-ekwu banyere elegh anya kwesr
mgbe nile, a okwu ole na ole nke pr iche echiche.
Tlee osisi n'ebe wa, ihe ga- ka na-ga-hr na odo desert j, isi aw nkume
nkume, desert snow na ice ubi. Ya mere iferi osisi na oyi na-ese nn ok nj ga wa
dum. The osisi b ihe na kpaa ya mara mma green uwe, na onye ntatido anya any naar, nweta ume, ihe pr bna ah ike. zkwa, any na-eme any Uwe ukwuu
n'ime osisi bekee, ha nwere ike e sijiri na akwukwo nri e ji esiji kw, d ka
wa; ma any na uwe b a nwr anw; wa a uwe mere onwe-ha na; drapery uwe na
vibrant agba, a uwe, na meshes ka kpaa onwe ya, dyeing onwe ya, eme onwe ya, ihe
mgbe-hr, mgbe ha merela agadi uwe; na-eme any uwe onye disposals. Iju n'ezie
na nd nwr anw d nd uwe-adta Ot d, any na-etinye a nwr anw doro
anya Dress. Ma nke a abgh ikekwe a peculiarity nke d naan na na echiche any,
bgh dd? B wa d ka nwr anw d ka any na-ha?
N'ezie any nwere ike ikwere na, ebe ag na ebumnuche gha, nd a na agba la
wa na-enwegh chch na nzube ha ga-eme ka. Naan any ga-d nn chr na
ebumnuche amagh ka nan a na-ach nke Chineke n'elu uwa, kamakwa ke uwa.
The gb nke agba adgh adabere bla ikpe on osisi nn ya; ha na-ma ha pr
iche nd ibi nd ka ya, ma nd z ka n'elu ya b ibu, ihe general, n'elu dum osisi
nd na-eru. Na ya nwekwara ike inwe, na-at aka nd a n'ozuzu ihe, na-ekwu
anyanw ka bu, nke na-aga gafee na mbara igwe, b nke yiri ihe karr nile herbs,
onye zar ab wa amama akwkw nd akwkw nd na yi; ee anyanw onwe ya
ptara nan d ka aka nke Chineke na-eduga nd a zar ahha, kwa az na-apta via
elu agba; ruo mgbe Lenz na nkt ra strok, mgbe ah, na-esikwu ike, greener gb
oloko. N'ezie, any maara na ihe niile Osisi Dkwuo nke osisi na niile agba? Okooko
osisi b nan nd b ihe mkpali na n'okpuru nduzi nke h anyanw, na-enwegh ihe a
n'onwe ya na ihe nke umi na hergibt, d ka obere ka ahha na agba. Ma le ebe a na
agba-e? Si agba nke elu-igwe Shell; n'ihi na any maara na ikuku onye gw naanchi anya n'eluigwe, ihe onunu site na nke osisi zlite na agba, bgh wa. Nke a
b nan na-enye a ike ike na mpe mpe akwa, d ka ma br na kwaaji, ot.
Tumadi, b ya b na carbon dioxide na oxygen nke ikuku, nke na-ar gb nke
osisi na agba; si n'ala kama na kacha nweta components na osisi n'elu.
Mmetta nke h anyanw na coloration osisi e ji mmetta nke a ahha ya mere
yiri ka na-eme kpamkpam na mpaghara. N'ihi na a chekwara akk nke h b naacha cha, ebe nd z nke osisi b akwkw nd akwkw nd.
Otu nwere ike n na-eche ihe mere d ka isi na agba nke wa b ugbu a d nn
akwkw nd akwkw nd, gn mere na-acha ann ann, bgh red, bgh
odo, bgh na-acha cha? fn, blue ama nke elu-igwe, na laedo ama anyanw,
na red b ugbua bara, na-acha cha b ugbua snow, na otu onye ga-amas, na-egwu
ya na onye z image, na-ekwu na laedo anyanw na-acha ann ann na mbara
igwe na-eme n na-agba m na green osisi na agba ka nwa ya, na-acha uhie uhie na

bara-acha akwkw nd na ihe ma na-aduak ka zuo ezu onye bla z,

nwere mgbe n'z nd z gbakwunye d ka m anman na osisi alaeze mgbe nke
ukwuu mmekah; maara na na-acha bara bara-acha akwkw nd na-z
n'ezie ikwu ngwa anya emeju, na ike ga-weere na onye bla z na-White. Olee ot
organic nd gepalten n'wa, bkwa onyinye nke heaven ka kewaa, site na nke naetolite ma na-enwekwa ganihu; na softer akk b softer na agba, dara, nd z n
n'r na ttigem.
The N'ezie, zara aga na ajj bgh, ma gbatr ha kama mgbe ah: ya mere ugbu a
d nn a nkesa usoro ofri eke agba?
Na m aza n'ihu: n'ihi na dgh z mere b elegh anya n'wa nan iji br green,
d ka ihe mere kingfisher d nn acha ann ann, na Canary odo ogologo, na
Flamingo b nn red. ga, ihe nd z d na mbara igwe ugbu a na-enye na-a ebe
isi green; nke were wa; mere d nn nke a, mgbe ah, n'ezie bgh dee. Nd z
n'wa ozu b n'ihi na a iche iche na agba. br na otu onye nwere na n'ezie chere
na bara bara na agba nke Mars e abr si a red ahha on ya.
Nke d gburugburu ajj na-akp z, kewapr az nd nkwupta, ma bla
nchp n'ike nloghachi nke Nkwupta b ma ya onwe ya a mpempe nkwa. ma
ebighebi, any nwere ike ghara ga.
br n'ezie na akwkw nd akwkw nd na agba nke wa ga-random? Ma
gn mere mgbe ah begnne nn ebe green nke ahha na-akws, akwkw nd
akwkw nd nke ok osimiri? Na mb ihe niile e bna kpuchie-agb agb green
gbazere agba nke ok osimiri. Ma d ka mba na-eto ma na chr agba z, o
kpughere Onye Okike na aru agba nke osisi wa na z were Green ya, na bna site
na elu nke mba na-agba s na glasia mmiri green z belata. Ya mere, ok osimiri d
ka ala green, n'oge d na njedebe nke mmiri akwkw nd akwkw nd. Nke a
gosiri na mgbe ah, b n'ezie iche nke otu na a nn green akpkp nke wa,
nakwa d ka nd d nn ann ann uwe elu. Na uwa ga-ab na-agbanwe agbanwe
agba, mgbanwe ha kwagara Kleine. N'gw ojii nke eluigwe na-adgh acha ann
ann, bla ihe kara an ha nke wa green; ma nd d ka nke a na-agba s naan
n'otu n'otu site n'ikuku ma b n'elu ala.
Ka na-aga na echiche nke onye mmekrta nke na agba na osisi na otu osisi n'elu
nke mere mgbe niile na-angide ijuanya na akwkw nd akwkw nd d ka
predominantly ogwu b nke, d ka e nwere k nke okooko, b ezie na bgh naenwegh isneke ka ab. The blooming na green agba d na-emekar na-adgh a d
cha akwkw nd akwkw nd, kama b naan a ruru unyi odo-akwkw nd
akwkw nd ma b isi aw-acha akwkw nd, na tt nd yiri green okooko
osisi, d ka nd ezinl grasses, tt mgbe bgh ma akwkw nd akwkw nd
acha d ka colorless okooko osisi furs. cha Green b n'ezie nn obere na okooko
osisi megide (Schbler).
Si profal, e nwere bna fd red na mottled; tt nd acha eto eto na tt nd
uhie ma b odo na wilting.
E nwere bna osisi nke na-abgh nke green, nd a bkwa, strangely ezu, ihe niile

parasitic osisi, di na osisi na-ewe mgbrgw na osisi nd z; ot ah ka Orobanche,

Lathraea umu Cytineen, Cassytha- na Cascuta umu, na mono okpomk wa na
leafless orchids (Decandolle).
Nke a iche nke green herbs na d iche iche acha okooko osisi na-mettara a iche na
ibe okwu nke nd. The na-abgh green okooko osisi ilo oxygen na-elo carbon
dioxide si na otu nd, ebe green epupta einschlrfen carbon dioxide na-elo
oxygen gas maka.
N'otu aka ah, dd gosiri nime ya Nupr Isi na-agwagh agwa nwa adgh ime ka
okooko osisi, ma br na bna na-egosi na olileanya adghzi tr na okooko osisi
na elegh anya chr ngide maka Black na mb n'anya, na inyochakwu ma b a
karsa d na agba na-egbukep egbukep.
Decandolle-ekwu ebe a na na f. Physiol. II, p 726. "The nwa eyi ka e nwegh agba
nke ga-n'ezie na okooko osisi, ma okooko osisi, na nke Black encounters, na-emekar
na mb odo okooko osisi, nd gbara chchr na Na Na Brown agafe. ikpeaz yiri
dkara ala n'etiti jie oji akk nke okooko osisi nke Pelargonium tricolor
Curtis na Vicia faba L . ewere nd (sara agwa). otu b eziokwu nke nd na agba aja
aja ma b nwa okooko osisi onye na agba b a ok chchr gbara red, d ka any z.
B. na Orchis nigra All. h. "
The nsghar Roper ekwu, s:
The yiri nwa tr na corolla nke Vicia Faba L. b n'ezie nn chchr aja aja, d
ka a pr h n'z doro anya na iji a mikroskopu. .. The yiri nwa isi na
Bltenhllschuppen ndProtea Lepidocarpon R. Brown. , na-egwu na elu
magnification na-ebute site n h, chchr-acha odo odo, na indigo-acha ann
ann. Ha na-agwakta na akk na-acha odo odo na ntutu na a ga-gbara ya
gburugburu odo ntutu. "
na-kdh na ma d cha na-acha cha vorkomme na okooko osisi d ka d
cha ojii; site whitest onwe ya okooko osisi, mgbe anya na akwkw nd nwere
gw, ka rara a agba? na egwu iche (lee Decandolle, Physiol II S. 723rd ..); ma m
chee na omume nke nke onye ark agba (nke b na; n'ihi na fd anya kara nd
z) a na-eweta aghgh. blagodu, na-acha cha okooko osisi na-d nn ka m na
oge aa kara na iwu, enwegh m ike nweta nkwenye nke na-azr.
br na esesn ah kewara-acha cha h n'etiti anumanu na osisi nke mere na
m anman ah red, osisi ah akwkw nd akwkw nd e nyere ya, b d
rba ama na-ah ihe ma ka akwkw nd akwkw nd n'ime osisi alaeze kewaa
z site na ogwu ma n'otu iche nke odo na-acha ann ann na oge ntoju emee
iche. N'otu aka ah, ya b, d ka n'etiti madu a diche d n'etiti keisi ocha na brunette
ntutu isi, akpkp anya na agba jupta, adru oge ha na-eme. D ka n na klas ab
ma, laghachi n'etiti okooko osisi analg iche odo na-acha ann ann ifuru na agba
z Nke b eziokwu b na-eson:
Schbler na Frank mere egosiwo na a iche iche inem na a pr ikewa okooko osisi
n'ime ab isi usoro, na nd na-acha odo odo d ka ihe ndabere nke na agba (oxidized
ma b xanthische usoro), na nd na emi acha ann ann b ntala (deoxygenated

ma b zyanische usoro). Okooko osisi, esnede mb usoro, nwere ike d iche iche
naan na-acha odo odo, bara bara na-acha cha, ma bgh na-acha ann ann,
na-adabere n'd ma b umu; Okooko osisi, esnede nke ab n'ahr, Ot d,
naan na-acha ann ann, red na-acha cha, ma bgh na-acha odo odo, nke mere
na ma nyere ahr ezute na-acha uhie uhie na-acha cha, ma na-acha ann ann na
odo-agba alkwaghm.
Ya mere dgh acha ann ann cactus, aloe, Roses, ranunculus, tulips,
Mesembryanthemen, dahlias, wdg, ma b nan odo, acha uhie uhie cha; ha b nd
nke mb, nd Xanthian usoro; n'aka nke z dgh odo bellflowers (Campanulen),
geraniums, phlox, Anagallis, asters, wdg, ma naan-acha ann ann, red na-acha
cha; nd a b zyanischen usoro.Nke a na-ach, b ezie na fd wezga gakenmde; . D ka ihe at b n'ihi na n'etiti ndi nile t nke zyanischen usoro
hyacinths fd odo iche; ma nd a gupuru d k.
The genera nke osisi nke b Xanthian usoro b, ihe ka tt mgbe mmas na-etolite
acidic ihe kara genera nke zyanischen usoro isiokwu a, na aka nke z bgh
infrequently ji peculiar, na ozu na-nke nwere ike, d nk, obi ilu ma narcotic bekee
na-. b ezie na otu onye nwere ike h ausnahmsfreie na-ach n'ime ebe a.
N'elu akpghachi af, tt okooko osisi nd dt na-acha cha, odo na nke af.
d ka ma br na e snow of oyi, ebe a anyanw nke okpomk ekwuo ihe kpata.
Zuru ezu mm nd d na ikwu nkesa nke ifuru na agba (German Flora) n'etiti nd
d iche iche nwa nke af, Fritsch na s. Abhandl. n'oge ah dum. Ngosipta nke
akwukwo nri ala-eze na Abhandl. na bhm. Gesellsch. der Wiss. 1847, p 74, maara.
The any nso ugbu a budding gw nke osisi agba? Atuak mkpr obi phenomena,
ot ah osisi nwere ike ghara inwe ihe anya, n'ezie, n'otu z ah d ka any na-eme,
aghta ma mma nke ha onwe ha na agba ma b nd nke nd agbata obi ha. N'ihi na,
ma d susceptible bna n'ihi na h mkpali, ma herkommende si n'akk d iche
iche nke l na agba h mixes indifferent bla n'k nke ah ya gburugburu na
bara ikiri d ka a n'ozuzu ego. Ma any kwesr ahapla inye ya nwr nke aka ma
mma maka ifuru? N'ezie bgh; ga-enweta nkwanye nd na nan ihe z n'akk
na-emeri ihe d mma n'ebe a kara ka any nwere ike mgbe nwere ya; ot ezi ka onye
bla ihe na-emepta onwe ya, na ihe mara mma na ihe bara uru na-egosi na oge
nke e kere eke, d ka ibe ya, nke b mgbe ah na d mkpa; nwere ike ma iyi ka
dokwara hazie ya. N'ezie, gb nke agba adabere ma na-arsi r ike nd nke osisi
usoro n, nke a na kpaliri mpga h, ma obu nani site na ya mmeghachi omume a
aro, nke agba. N'ezie, any apgh a iyi na osisi ibu maara nke ha green na-acha
uhie uhie na-acha ann ann na usoro nke mmepta na otu na agba sensashion, d
ka any na mpga nsinammuo; -enwe ihe inwe obi ab; ma n'aka nke z naegbochi ihe bla na-eche echiche nke ihe yiri nke ah. br na onye bla naeme n'wa, d ka isi oge iji na-egosipta na onwe ha, na-adgh egosipta nd a na
peeji nke nke maara ihe gbasara mm nd nke osisi na okwu? N'ezie bla ikpe,
osisi na mmepta nke d iche iche na agba d ka d iche iche sensations, d ka any na
n'anya otu; ebe b na gb nke bla na agba mettara iche iche estidem
mgbanwe na ya.

Na a z, d ka mkpr nke osisi na agba na mkpr site any pr ichet n'echiche

tnyere. The osisi, otu onye nwere ike ikwu h kediegwu atghata n'ime agba. h
agwa na-acha cha ma b n'z fd acha on osisi; ya n'obi ya edinam n'z
bla; ma dgh ot ah z d ka ha na-enweta ya; Kama nke ah, jere ozi naakpali a onwe onye na-kere ihe na ya, nke mere na agba na-emepta, ma r a nanow na-esonyere doro anya n'echiche nke onwe-e kere eke. Ya mere, any pr ichet
n'echiche kwesr b ezie na sensory stimuli si n'z wa; ma b na-nan ka a si
ot kpaliri ka estidem onwe-kere na-egosi Nata na a d iche iche d na ihe banyere
echiche nke onwe onye na-eme site n'ime.
zkwa, bna nd na-acha cha ifuru, b ezie na o yiri retroreflecting nan
gbanwere h dgh akpa gw nan megide h; d ka utu ke oro whiteness nke
okooko osisi a na-dabere na-ar r Filiks, nke ifuru omume h na nan ba na
njuputa-ad cha na-egosipta ihe ma ka mmad pr ichet n'echiche, nd e ji
mm ns, d cha na nd mara mma reintroduced-agba artwork ot fortiori ike ime
ka izu ezu nke ihe doo anya. The ifuru-eme ka naan onwe ya ka a artwork. Ebe any
nwere ike whiteness nke h-ekiri zuru na nd mara mma kara na-acha cha okooko
lili na nd z na-acha cha okooko osisi?
m anman na mmad na-ntp n'ezie nakwa n'elu, na-enwegh ya, any nwere
ike na-eche nke, a agba? Filiks ptara ihe nd yiri n'okpuru set d ka na osisi. Ma,
hr n'etiti z agba nke osisi na m anman na-aba, yiri iche kama n'etiti uto nke
ma (lee fig. Asat.), N'ihi ya, i nwere ike ime ka kpamkpam d iche iche ptara na
na-isiokwu ya d ka ihe m na- -z eingehe ebe a akpan akpan embodiments.
mta banyere osisi na agba na n'ah na chemical mgbe s. E wezga n'ihe
Akwkw nke osisi physiology na Fechner Repertor. na org. Chemistry. II, p.
832; Dere si na-adbegh anya Abhandl. von Mohl, Pieper, Marquart, Hope,
Berzelius, Decaisne, Elsner, Turpin, Morren, Hnefeld na Wiegm. Njiko., 1835. II.
186. 1836. II. 85. 1837. II. 35. 1838. II. 32. 1839. II. 80. 1840. II. 91st
Ugbu a, fd bna site isi:
The isi nke okooko osisi yiri ka igwu egwu megide ha na agba naan a ebutere
udeme, ebe b na adgh bna niile okooko osisi na-nk na ya. Ma br na b
eziokwu, ihe any kwuru n'oge gara, na-esi s t nke okooko osisi tumadi nwere
mkpebi siri ike ime ka e nthap nke mmetta ma b pta wa Mitgefhlen n'etiti
d iche iche osisi; nke a nwere ike kwara nke ma. The agba gb na osisi naemetta mmepe nke mkpr obi nke ya Filiks; ma nke a b n'ezie d mkpa ma d
mkpa ka interplay nd z na mkpr obi.
bna n'etiti m anman nd bi n'ebe ah n'obodo na nd owu na-ama nd. The
esi s osisi anchite anya any nd nke mb na nke ikpeaz na-adgh esi s. Na osisi
d ka mgbe dd nke ha na-akpata nd gburugburu na-aka n'eziokwu ah b na
mmekah b n'otu ugbua na onye bla nke onwe ha, b z iche mmekah na
nd gb ha nile bna obere mkpa kara m anman.
The anman onwe ya akziri any na nd isi b n'ezie ike nke na-eje ozi na an
echiche iga, ya b karsa maka analg oge nke omumu usoro. Nke a b mgbe niile d

mkpa maka nkwa. Ma ma a okporo z ptara n'ime anman nile akakamade z

site n'olu. Na ebe tt nd a iche iche mmekrta, otu onye nwere ike ikwu, s: s t
na-ewe ke osisi na a ptara ihe nd yiri ka na m anman, olu. The akk ihe e
mehrerlei.
Si n'ime olu-aba, esite s t, ma ha ab b nd na n'otu oge nd kas mma na kas
dr nchebe gw n'ihi na nke ha na-aba. D ka a pr hr bna n'chchr, onye
bula ma-bu ka da olu, nke mere na chchr bla ifuru, nke mere na onye bla
dgas iche iche nke ifuru ah na-esi s. Ma atmat, o doro anya na mfe n'onwe ya,
ma d iche iche d iche iche shades ma si ot ikpo d ka tt nuances nke nzuk
nsogbu, onye kas elu, entwickeltstes ngwaaha ha na-. Onye bla eku b mkpr
obi nke kachasi mkpa site na nke na-aba, ya feathers p.
na-agbagha nke ga-d na-adabere olfactory ngwa nn ezi d mata ihe d iche
bgh naan bla iche iche, kamakwa mmadu nile nke hyacinth ma b pinki ma
onye bla z d ka na-esi isi. Any nwere n s b na akk bgh nan na-eme
nke a, fd na-ala bgh d ka druo, d ka ifuru nwere ike b n'ihi na any abgh
nd na-echegbu ya mere emechi a diche. D nn iche kamakwa Negro ma
physiognomically b ihu ya m amaala ibe na-ach ka any niile banyere otu.
Na ala m anman na-adgh tt ihe ikwu, ikpuru, m ahh, b nd nkt na
niile, n'ihi ya, nd na-enwegh osisi, dkwa ka usoro ha, lichens, odorless. b ezie
na fd m ahh na-ewetara ahkebe mkpt si, kama b naan site n'elu ah
nkwako uzu mkppu ala; da adgh esi n'aka ime, n'ihi ya, Wezuga keisi fd
dkwa ka usoro ha, lichens, ma nd isi anagh si okooko.
Ka olu-adgh na-eguzogide gw nr bna na e kere eke nd nwere nd d ot
ah, ma, kama, site n'z nke nd e kere eke na nd nd z n'oge na-adgh z
bch, mgbe fd, nd z na mgbede, kara nd z n'abal, mgbe fd n ike,
mgbe fd, softer, tt n'ime dum iji oge nke mmeputakwa usoro, ihe niile b ihe
d ka isi nke osisi; na nke a b ihe kas mma na-egosi na nd Nwere Ifuru fragrances
na-abgh nan d mfe distilled mechanically site na anyanw na okpomk si na
okooko osisi juices, d ka ma br na okooko osisi nta alembic maka mkpa
mman; ma na okooko osisi na-anya n'ihi na mpga na estidem ekesidiade nd ha d
development.
br na okpomk nke na isi nke z mgbap nke fragrances, ot ah ga nile
okooko osisi ukwuu n'bch on s ndikpa mba na mgbede. Ugbu a, b eziokwu na
egbugbere n ya okooko osisi na Cistrosen, myrtle na oroma bushes jupta ikuku
nd d na ndda Europe nwere kara ya na ha isi, nd hotter b; ma e nwere nd z
na okooko osisi na o siri ike na-esi isi bch na-amalite na-esi isi naan mgbe
anyanw dara, d ka nke Nightingale br, naan n'abal songs, na fr nke nta
nwegh otu ifuru e, s naan site na bch. Ee, ke ofri ofri yiri ok okpomk nke
anyanw iji belata mmetta hnanya nke isi kama, d ka m anman na
okpomk na-ero ra (Decand. II p. 764), nke adgh egbochi z, kwere na ha naemekar na-ar r na-enye aka n'kwadebe maka s t development n'anyasi nwere
ike.
Karsa d ka ihe niile okooko osisi na iru uju na agba nd d ot ah. Pelargonium

triste W . Aiton, Hesperis tristis L ., Gladiolus tristis L. wdg ofri usen fr nke nta
odorless na isi mgbe anyanw dara na ambrosial-esi s t. Na osisi nd z s n'oge
bch b na-adgh ike na otu mgbede z, d ka Datura suaveolens Willd . ( Datura
arborea Miller ),Oenothera suaveolens Desf ., Genista juncea L ., Wdg The okooko
osisi nke Cereus grandiflorus Miller ( kaktus grandiflorus L .) Na-amalite mgbe 7 pm
na-emeghe ma na-amalite n'out oge na-agbasa ha s t. Senebier narcissus okooko
osisi ga zlitere zuru chchr, nke d ukwuu d ka nd z na skate (?); aka onye
mgbe Cacalia septentrionalis kwuru na zar nke ifuru mmeghachi ihe aromatic s
t, nke kpamkpam mgbe otu onye na-eme otu ihe ah, ma reappears br na
wep shadowy ahu. Na oroma okooko s na nta mmeghar n'oge okooko oge druru
uninterruptedly. Coronilla glauca esi isi naan n'oge bch, na bna na Cestrum
diurnum s n'abal b ihe na-adgh ike. tt okooko osisi, na s gbanwere mgbe
njikta spam. (Decand., Physiol. 11, S. 763. 768 na Wiegm. Njiko. 1840 n. 90.)
Eziokwu ah b na isi iga na-mettara a ala uche na m anman na osisi nwere
ike ejide ya aka, d ka nke ma, na dum osisi na a ala sensory lar nchiri anya d ka
anman, d ka dum echiche nke otu ma a n'kwa d elu agba d ka m
anman; ma ezi n n'ebe ah, na-esi isi na-ezi a gbanwetr na sat. Any mara na
bna dislocations nke r b ezi mgbe na-ama n'ime m anman. Bird aka na ke
onu okuko, na tt m anman na akk okuku ume na ngw r na-eji na a
kw, wdg zkwa nwere n'ezie, d ka e kwuru, nd isi ma fd chere ihu bna
otu r m anman d ka osisi, na na a z ebutere ogo.
Otu nwere ike na-esi s t d ka nd na agba ka na-edozi ihe nd z r na-adta
butterflies na nd z m ahh na ifuru (lee peeji nke 219) .; nwere ihe bla chta
n'ime ebe a na aga na-emegiderta. The eke na-ach ebe nile Multiple izute n'out oge
na otu igbu.

Na Asaa. maliteghara.
1) Okwu mb dd-ele nd mmad, ma nd e ji mara na aesthetic echiche ime ka
any na osisi ozugbo, e nwere tt ihe maka mkpr obi nke osisi, d ka nd nke any
na-ach, b nd mettara knyere notions echiche tt megide otu (11 V .).
2) The osisi na-ma ma d nn na isi edoghi nke ya nd ka n na m anman ot
agbanwe agbanwe any n'ezie ofri dissimilar kara m anman, akk ah any,
albeit na a nnukwu ihe d iche na d nke na-aga aga n'etiti ha na any ma na-erugh
eru inweta b isi ihe d iche nke na-aga aga na Nichtbeseelung imechi onwe ya
(II.). N'ozuzu hr mmekrta d ot ah nke supplementing ab kweere na ha ike
iche echiche nd nke osisi juptara n'ime gaps nke ga-ekwe ka nd mmad na m
anman (lee. Na Mb. Chapter).
3) Nke ah osisi ma irighiri akwara ma b nd yiri uche akk maka sensashion
na-amas m anman, na-egosi ihe bla ma ha pr ikwu na ebe b na ha na-d
iche iche, gnyere m anman irighiri akwara na karsa gearteter akk mkpa, naenwegh irighiri akwara na yiri oru naan na a d iche iche d imeli ihe ala; mgbe nile
ma kwuo na ud anman irighiri akwara na uche ziri ezi d mkpa iji sensashion, on
untenable mgbakwas dabeere (III. XIV.).

4) The dum teleological echiche nke dd na-enyo tt ihe nd z na-eju af ma

br na onye attaches ka osisi mkpr obi, d ka ma br na onye na-agnah ha
site a nnukwu ego nd na l r d na dd ga-esi ot nweta a na; na juptara
dnaya nke ptara na uz z nwr anw na-abagh uru -egosi na b d ka ihe efu
gimmick (IV. XI.).
5) Nke ah osisi alaeze na-eje ozi na nzube nke mmad na m anman, ma
enwegh ike ikwu okwu megide ya n'igbu nst n'ime onwe ha, d ka na dd, na r
nd z na mere ihe masr ha adgh emegide, na-egosikwa m anman nakwa na
nzube nke akwukwo nri alaeze na- -eje ozi nwere z (X. XL).
6) br na osisi yiri ka ihe j d ka animated Nigeria, site na-enwe na-ediri a
otutu hotara ihe j nke m mmad na anman na-enwegh inwe ike iguzogide
ya, ot a yiri ma d nn d ka ihe j, ma br na any na-enwe na any na m
mmad si ele ihe anya, d nn d iche iche, Ot d, mgbe any na-atle na osisi nd
d ka o nwere n'ime njik.zkwa any na-etinye a n'uche ya ga-aka clout kara na o
tosiri (VI.).
7) Ikwu na osisi na-adgh na mkpr obi, n'ihi na ha enwegh nnwere onwe na af
ofufo ije, ya mere, onye na-akw ma bgh nn na eziokwu nke nwere nnwere
onwe d ot ah osisi ma na-aghta na n'otu echiche d ka m anman, ma b
achr site na osisi ihe na-ah na m anman site kamakwa m anman elegh
anya nwere ike nke ezigbo nnwere onwe adighi-ekwu okwu (VII.).
8) br na osisi alaeze ah na m anman March site a Limbo n, ebe iche
n'etiti ab b ambiguous, ma e nwere ihe nd kas na-ezugh ok osisi kara m
anman a n'etiti n'gb, nwere ike na osisi alaeze ka m anman bgh nan
ebutere d ka onye na-adchagh mma; ebe b na b kama na etiti n'gb nke elu
osisi amalite ebili z. Nke a na nke bu eziokwu na osisi-eze na m anman na ihe
nd mere e kere eke nwere otu bch nke si malite, na-egosi na onye ga-nn ebutere
ka nd z na-n'ihe banyere mm ns (XII).
9) Na-adgh g ihe rba ama nke centralization, na-ejik unit ma b iche iche ihe
ndek na osisi organism d ka a nd ma b ngosipta nke d n'otu na iche nke
mkpr obi, onye na-ah z agagh na nri tr, ma b na-ach ihe si osisi nd d
m anman na-apgh chta (nke Iri na At.).
10) O yikarr ka nd na iche echiche nd nke osisi, a kpere sensuous nwere tt
ihe kara nke anman, nke, b ezie na bgh ihe mere na onwe-nsh, ma a anya
ebe nchekwa nke gara aga na ilep anya n'ihu nke ga-eme n'dnihu nwere, n'oge
osisi
nd aelegh
na lanar na n'iru adahade, na-enwegh mere jikr n na
Contribuu
millorar laanya
traducci
Allgemeinbeseelung. Kama ma obere meptara n'echiche nd nke osisi kara ga-ab
m anman, nwere ike bna kara meptara (XIV.).

Text original

XVIII. A ole na ole random echiche.

Mgbe m rchaa r ah, m ga-and ala n'ihu n z na a obere okwu nke a nke
z.
Gar ma m na-echeta mmetta na-mere na m mgbe m na nke mb si n'l gbara

chchr-enwegh emechi anya na blooming ubi wee mgbe tt af nke ra anya

ah yiri m a n'anya ma n'elu m mmad adianade do, onye bla ifuru achakwa
kwupta m na a peculiar doo anya, d ka ma br na ha na-atbakwa ihe nke ya h
si mpta h. The dum ubi yiri ka onwe m d ka ma br na nwogha, d ka ma
br na m na-eme adgh, ma dd ga ejikere l wa; N'ihi ya, m chere na naemetta meghee anya ya hr ka agadi dd na-eto eto z. Ee unu adighi-ekwe ot
hr na na; dd abakwute nwoke onwe ya 'abakwute ya na hr August
The onyinyo nke ubi sooro m az ka inyoghi inyoghi l; ma b na chi ojiji naan
egbuke egbuke ma mara mma, na obi d m ozugbo ihe d n'ime h d ka isi iyi nke
mpga doo anya na okooko osisi na-ah, na na agba na-hr uche emetta na b
nan ptara na mputa. N'oge ah m na-enwegh obi ab na m ga-ah na mkpr obi
mmad k okooko osisi, kpuchie na whimsical ecstatic nd: ot o si anya n'ogige,
nke na-akpata mbadamba na wa, na ihe nile nke wa na ihe niile aru nke wa b
nan nd ikpeaz ngere a ubi n'ihi na ihe n'z z.
Kere maka oge na i nwere otu kara af ogologo abal na North osisi nr, na
ogologo oge fr nke nta chefuo, ka osisi a, a ifuru anya d nn mgbe niile n'efu
snow na icefields hr, ma ga-na mberede na a sunlit si nway h blooming ubi
dechap na nguzo n'elu ya banyere ot m, mb n'ihu a akara nke elu dahlias, gaachta ya oke h magburu onwe na-enyo n'az a jewelery, a gloss, a nwere ike
b obere ihe kara nkt Bast na mmiri?
Na dalataworon egbuke egbuke image, d ka tt ihe na elu m na n'ime anya
mere na mb na a d mmiri na-adkwagh-ada n'ime abgeftumpften si kwa oriri nke
h uche; osisi nd, d ka anya m agba nkt z ka nd nkt, n'elu ala,-efu, efu e kere
eke na ha niile, n'ime n nr echiche nke mmiri lily, ifuru mkpr obi z n'ebe nd
kenam onwe m na m nke azmaha nke fd dr aka n nt na m zutere now. Ma
n'ezie, ihe nkuzi mgbamejije nke na mb b n'ebe ah; ya mere, m kweere na
akwkw a e dere na o siri ike kemgbe br na bgh otu bch ka anya m na abal
na mgbe ah ot na mberede laghachi na h.
Ugbu a, m tt awa na ihe m mma nke ukwuu na a ole na ole na-egbuke egbuke
ndetu na uche, na-eme ka bna gg isi doo anya na nd z na uche inweta, na
tt uche ziri ezi na-enwegh mgbal na-eri m ma m chr iji nweta ya. Ego ole
b n'ihi na iche na jikr n z. Na b na m ka weere mm nke nd okooko osisi,
ha malitere now m aka ghta ihe, ka m ghara bibie ihe, na-amanye m echere ha
echiche na-an na-abkar d iche iche d na ya r; na br na m ugbu a ua na
eriri, ha eyride m ka distaff, m chptara na a hr echi n'uche. Ya mere, na eri
aghwo ogologo oge.
Ma ugbu a, ana m arkwa na bp na njedebe nke spindle, na nchekwa naan
akpatre a ole na ole agb d ka flutter n'ime oghe, na chchr na h na agba, d ka
d nn awa bch, na akpr ihe ma na n'd j dum r rba ama.
M bara taa ka a olili ozu maka: A na-ekwusa guzo n'ili nke d n'ugwu freshly
gwuptara n'wa na-ekwu banyere gw (Kor I. 15, 36-37.) "Nke ah kr naadgh quickened, ma e wezga ya nw Ma. kr b bgh ah nke ga-ad, ma iferi
ka, ka wheat, ma b nd z na otu. " Ab ogologo igu nkw, e si na akpati ozu,

leaning n'ime igwe ndobe na gburugburu udi, na adaha-acha akwkw nd flags elu
n'elu nwa Ogwe kwa; tt wreaths, nke nwekwara mb a chr mma na akpati ozu,
eyride gburugburu Ogwe. k okwu ah toro nkpu ido nke onye ah nwr
anw; Ot d ama a anu na wreaths gburugburu, leis, ma olee ot ah ji iwe
buzzing, na-ach na niile okooko osisi, agaghkwa achta ihe na-ach; n'ihi na ya
ka isi iyi nke na-esi s na uto ama akpnwkwa; ma a urukurubba swung,
gbasagh m banyere akpnw na isi mmalite nke mb ya t, n'elu mbarauka mgbidi
d n'ebe d anya. On a wreath m hr nghta ka ya hr tlee, na a ole na ole oge
anya mmiri na-ach nk nke ma ebe a na-adgh anya; mgbe ah kpnw okooko
osisi na-echeta. A akwa kw willow see onyinyo n'elu n'akk ili, ma ha
mgbrgw ruru agbakwa n'ime d hr n'ili; ga-iyi hr na ghara iru j
n'efu. A na-acha cha osisi, emer nke green aiviri, a na-akp mmekah nke nd nagw mmad a bu nna-ha. Ya mere, na osisi wa kwara na a na-eli otu nwoke.
m nt d ka m ele anya na ole amagh ihe bla at ma na-ar na adgh ama
nd; mgbe ah, d ka b nkt na, mgbe nwoke na-anw anw nke osisi na-ewe ya
mere obere ka obi ha, ha ihe ra ot a abuana ke nw ya. -Aga kamakwa Lemn na
ogwu rosemary na le; nd a ma fd akwkw nd akwkw nd okpu ma nke
nwa agbgh na ili n'onwe ya na; ga ma bula anw a osisi na-agnye ya ahu aru
nke madu na-amalite irekas ya. Ugbu a mara osisi ma dgh nke na na ihe ha na
mittut ebe a na-ata ahh na nw nke a mkpr obi mmad a na-ewere d ka onye
na-amagh banyere ma b na-ach ma, na-eso osisi na osisi mkpr obi ebe a n'ime
play n'ebe ah. Ee eme bgh mgbe niile nw na nd nke m mmad na osisi nd
allwrts gbaghara, ma mara na ekele, mkpr obi ma ala-eze-amagh ot nd mmad
ga-ebi na otu nnukwu obodo, anchi mgbagwoju anya na-akpaghar nn na-enwegh
du bla z na na- ekele. B na a mwute splintered dd na mkpr obi d? Ee
mwute ma br na b ot ah, d ka any na-eche na any ukwuu n'ime. Ma m
na-eche a elu ihe mma ga-enye ya nke ma, echiche nke mmad na osisi na
mkpr obi niile na akara aka oyiri, ee onwe ya setpr mmekrta. N'ihi na a na ihe
mma ga-ab bgh nke ukwuu ot ah igu nkw, wreaths, okooko osisi, osisi,
a, butterflies atughar agp na akpati ozu na ili, ma d ka mkpr obi nke nd
palm, nke mere ka alaka, na okooko osisi na -aga na ili, ma ewepu osisi na-eguzo
gburugburu ili, ma okooko osisi nd na-eto eto az ili, na a na butterflies na-efe
gburugburu na-elekta okooko osisi na mkpr obi mmad na ya home siwing. Na d
ka a mara mmad na n'ah h yiri na vourite, ga-iwu site ya na h ihu na
ihu. Any na-ah ihe niile naan piecemeal d ka site a iko darkly, na mgbe a at naegbukep egbukep nke nd a daba mkpr obi any, any ptara ime ugbu a,
kwsr ga nke mkpr obi any.
bgh n'ebe nile ezie na egwu na-akp okooko osisi, osisi nwere otu r na nw
nke nd mmad d ka any. Wilde iche iche egbu kama okooko osisi, osisi, kama
inyinya, atr, nkta on ili ma b j ha n'ili. Ma d ka na-edina ewepgh. One
ok nwany nke dika bgh ga na-enwegh a nwa ke Ruth nke mba z. Ya mere
bkwa ekaufk nke uwa, na mkpr obi mmad, bgh njem na-enwegh a retinue
nke z ala mkpr obi n'ime ala-eze. Ugbu a, na-ewe ebe a anman, e nwere
osisi mkpr obi. Ma gn mere na any d nn kuworo mkpr obi? b banyere

ya, na na Christianity b ezie na nke a paradise ubi n'of na-kwuru, ma bgh nke
m anman n'ime ya? Ugbu a mmad bla mkpr obi kweskwara eme ka ha
onyinye nke okooko osisi na-mkpr obi. Iji anman bgh ime. Naan
urukurubba ga-ejinwu ya efe at, chr ka nd ifuru mkpr obi z elu n'ebe ah
ogige bna b kwa owu na-ama; na elu-igwe kwesr b a heaven maka ha.
bna n'etiti nd Gris b obere d iche iche ebe a kara n'l. Ebe b na ah na
n'an nd n'onwe ya ka na-ama a eme ihe iche iche mkpa ha n'ihi na tkwara ahu
nke mmad onwe ya d ka a ifuru n'elu nke osisi, na osisi na aru we n acha k k
k skyward ka obi nke nd b chi. Na any, ebe-ele nd na N'd onwe ya b
Original Mix, ihe ptakwara ah d ka a nwr anw worm na nd nwr anw
osisi na-eri nri nd z ikpuru, na ezipta naan elu n na okooko osisi na akpati ozu
na ili. N'ihi ya, we si nd nw ka e nwee tt nicer mgbe nd Grik kara
any. Kama b naan nke ukwuu nicer an Ot d, elegh anya kprkp naegosi na any daba adaba mara mma na-eru nso
Nke a na-echetara m nke mara mma ememme nd nwr anw, nke na-eme ememe
kwa afo Leipzig na igurube. D ka onye bla nwere onye na-ehi ra na-eli ozu naaga, ka na-eche na hnanya, na-aga ili ya wreaths; na onye nwere onye bla naokpueze, na-aga h wreaths na garlands nst. Ebe b na ihe niile b ihe na uz
z gbahapr arable yi na na; na-agba ume messed elu na-aba ma na-aga, a vibrant
otu r ns. Na mgbede bkwa elu b az nkt na efu; na ga na wreaths naakpnw mkpebi siri ike ha iburu n'uche.
Ego ole mara mma garlands na wreaths nwere ike anya n'ebe ah. Dika na a bl nd
d nd na-outdo onwe-ha Schmucke, ot agbal ya now ili. Ma ihe kas mara mma
okooko osisi na wreaths na-echefu n'oge na-adgh; nd nwere ike icheta ot onye
ah? Naan a d mfe klova Blmchen m ike ichefu na any zutere na a green ili owu
na-ama gha mgbe tt n'ba mma n'ili. Mkpr obi b n'ezie iche n nd z na obi
umeala okooko osisi nd ya ebe n'etiti ihe nd garanya mma.
M na-agagh ach imechi na ili echiche, na m na-echeta obi t ugbu a banyere ot
osisi bgh nan na-anabata na-agw ike, ma na-ar Begegnissen nd mmad
n'wa d ka tt akk na d ka nwoke onwe ya gw inye ha nke ukwuu nke
dnaya. -Ekwesgh ikwu dum osisi alaeze noose gburugburu d ka a mara mma
arabesque na n'etiti m mmad alaeze site? Nwoke ah n'onwe ya na-etolite na niile
ma mma nke uwe ya ma karsa zie ezie ngwar d ka kara ya ah si na ala nke
akwukwo nri n'wa; na site n'elu-eto eto z kwupta okooko osisi na mkpr van
emesia ogologo akws aka, chch inwe n. Na n'elu ihe nile a si efeghar ihe nd
kas mma-esi s t uri mmekah.
Ebe e nwere na-eme ememe na-adgh embellished okooko osisi ebe a uri, nke ha
ghara biiri oyiyi ebe a onyinye onye bara uru ha vermchten bgh ntt site ch
mma? The myrtle na-eweta na wreath na icho mma nke nwunye; okooko osisi si
n'aka bla Gardens na-edina na ya kw; nu-uz entwine na yi Blumenbehngen, ka
ha site na; agbamakwkw Ihe Ilu prides onwe ya na bouquet ya aka; -eche ka panel
az okooko osisi; na na mgbede na-agba egw bna d ka fd ifuru na obi na na
ntutu isi. - The laurel jisiri kas mma nspr, Echefu na-echetara g nke na-

echeta; Snowdrops adta umu nke mb na akwkw nd akwkw nd ok

ha; akpa Aster-ekwu ugbu a n'oge mgbs akwkw na-aba; Linde ekpuchi a green
n'elu l ke okpokoro n'ihu l; na Oak akp nd Germany bna n mba z d ka
ha obodo mmad. The fir na-achp-ha cones na-aba na laedo apl na k na
bna ot ihe mara mma onyinye na nnukwu n l. Ya mere, ha now nwekwara
ike n'oge a d ns Christ nd kas mma, nd kas mma, nd kas mma nke kacha mma,
nd kas daa ogbenye na-ewetara nd kas.
All osisi ma na ya d umeala stay onye-ncheta na b a griin haus nke Chineke na
n'ihu Chineke na nnwere onwe ya naan na mmachi na ga-mkpa naan na mkpakrta.

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