Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

This print-out should have 20 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
A particular flywheel that rotates about its
center of mass has a moment of inertia I =
3
M R2, where R = the radius.
4
What is the moment of inertia if the flywheel is rotated about a point on its rim?
3
M R2
4
7
2. M R2 correct
4
3
3. M R2
2
5
4. M R2
4

1.

The rotational kinetic energy is given by:

1
Krot = I 2
2
In order to find we utilize the period of the
rotation, when was given as T = 0.3 s:
2
T
2
=
0.3 s
= 20.944 rad/s

Next we need to find the moment of inertia I

of the sphere:
2
I = mR2
5
2
= (24 kg)(0.7 m)2
5
= 4.704 kg m2

5. 3 M R2

Now we solve for the rotational kinetic energy:

Explanation:
I = M R2 +

7
3
M R2 = M R2
4
4

002 10.0 points

A sphere of uniform density with mass 24 kg,
and radius 0.7 m is spinning, making one
complete revolution every 0.3 s. The center of
the mass of the sphere has a speed of 5 m/s.
What is the total kinetic energy of the sphere?
1. 195.717
2. 598.311
3. 1331.7
4. 494.845
5. 471.268
6. 148.217
7. 430.784
8. 989.568
9. 1476.86
10. 1959.35
Correct answer: 1331.7.
Explanation:
The total kinetic energy is the sum of the
rotational and translational kinetic energy.

1
Krot = I 2
2
1
= (4.704 kg m2 )(20.944 rad/s)2
2
= 1031.7 J
Our translational kinetic energy is given by:
1
Ktrans = mv 2
2
1
= (24 kg)(5 m/s)2
2
= 300 J
Thus, the total kinetic energy is:
Ktot = Krot + Ktrans
= (1031.7 J) + (300 J)
= 1331.7 J
003 10.0 points
A familiar toy consists of an aligned row of
identical steel balls that are suspended by
monofilament so they just touch. When the
balls collide the collisions are very close to
perfectly elastic. When two balls are lifted

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

1. Newtons Third Law (Reciprocity)

2. The Momentum Principle (conservation
of momentum)
3. Newtons First Law
4. Both the Momentum and Energy Principles
5. The Energy Principle correct
6. No physical laws would be violated, it is
a possible outcome.
7. Conservation of Mass
8. Newtons First and Third Laws
Explanation:
The original KE of the system is
1
(2 m) v 2 = m v 2
2
(two balls). If one ball pops out the other end
with speed 2 v, its kinetic energy is
1
m (2 v)2 = 2 m v 2 .
2
But the overall potential energy of the system
does not change and nothing external to the
system is doing any work on it, so there is no
way for the total KE of the system to double,
or change in any way other than to decrease
slightly (since real collisions are not precisely
elastic). This (impossible) process violates
the Energy Principle.
004 10.0 points
A particle oscillates up and down in simple
harmonic motion. Its height y as a function
of time t is shown in the diagram.

5
t (s)

y (cm)

from one end together and released, two balls

pop out from the other end.
If instead one ball popped out with twice
the speed of the initial set of two balls, what
law of physics would be violated?

5
At what time t in the period shown does
the particle achieve its maximum negative
acceleration?
1. t = 0 s
2. None of these; the acceleration is constant.
3. t = 5 s
4. t = 1 s
5. t = 2 s
6. t = 3 s correct
7. t = 4 s
Explanation:
This oscillation is described by
 
t
,
y(t) = sin
2
 
dy

t
v(t) =
= cos
dt
2
2
d2 y
a(t) = 2
dt
 
 2
t
=
.
sin
2
2

The maximum
acceleration will oc negative

t
cur when sin
= 1, or at t = 3 s .
2
From a non-calculus perspective, the velocity is positive just before t = 3 s but decreasing since the particle is slowing down. At
t = 3 s, the particle is momentarily at rest
and v = 0. Just after t = 3 s , the velocity
is negative since the slope of the position versus time plot has a negative slope. Remember
v
that a =
, acceleration is a negative maxt

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

imum because the velocity is changing from a
positive to a negative value.
005 10.0 points
The following graph represents a hypothetical
potential energy curve for a particle of mass
m.
U (r)
3 U0

Therefore
v=

4 U0
.
m

006 10.0 points

The energy levels in hydrogen are given by


13.6 eV
En =
.
n2
If the hydrogen atom goes from its third excited state to the ground state, what would be
the energy of the emitted photon?

2 U0
U0
r
O

r0

2 r0

If the particle is released from rest at position r0 , its speed k~v k at position 2 r0 is most
nearly
r
2 U0
.
1. k~vk =
m
r
U0
.
2. k~vk =
m
r
U0
3. k~vk =
.
8m
r
U0
4. k~vk =
.
4m
r
8 U0
5. k~vk =
.
m
r
6 U0
6. k~vk =
.
m
r
U0
7. k~vk =
.
2m
r
4 U0
. correct
8. k~vk =
m
r
U0
9. k~vk =
.
6m
Explanation:
The total energy of the particle is conserved. So the change of the potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of
the particle, which gives
1
m v 2 = 3 U0 U0
2

1. 10.2 eV
2. 12.09 eV
3. Since energy is conserved, there would be
no emitted photon.
4. 12.75 eV
5. None of the above.
6. 12.75 eV correct
7. 12.09 eV
8. Not enough information.
9. 10.2 eV
Explanation:
If the hydrogen atom goes from its third
excited state (n = 4) to its ground state (n =
1), the energy difference (positive value) gives
the emitted photon energy:
Ephoton (4 1) =E4 E1


1
1
= 13.6 2
eV
4
1
= 12.75 eV
007 10.0 points
A block of mass 0.5 kg is initially at a height
of 1.3 m above the ground and has a velocity
v1 in the downward direction at time t = 0.

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

008 10.0 points

A mass of 4 m is moving with a velocity
v1 and collides with a mass of 2 m, which
is suspended by a string of length L. The
two masses stick together as the result of the
collision, and the compound system swings to
the right, passes point B as shown, and stops
at the horizontal level.

Resting on the ground directly beneath this

block is a spring with natural length 1 m and
spring constant 147 N/m. The block lands
on the spring and reaches a lowest height of
0.8 m. Find the initial velocity v1 . The
acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
1. 1.4
2. 1.949
3. 1.249
4. 1.536
5. 2.107
6. 1.342
7. 1.281
8. 1.865
9. 1.8
10. 2.341

Correct answer: 1.4 m/s.

Explanation:

6m
4m

Let :

m = 0.5 kg ,
yi = 1.3m ,
yf = 0.8 m ,
l = 1 m , and
ks = 147 N/m .

By the conservation of energy E = 0.

K + U = 0
K f K i + Uf Ui = 0
Kf Ki + Uf grav Uigrav + Uf sp Uisp = 0
1
Ki = mvi2
2
The final kinetic energy is zero. The change
in the gravitational potential energy is
Uf grav Uigrav = mg(yf yi )
The initial spring potential energy is zero so
the change is
Uf sp =

vi =

1
ks (l yf )2
2

2g(yf yi ) +

k
(l yf )2
m

v1

2m

A
Find the initial speed v1 of the 4 m mass.
p
1. v1 = 7/2 2 g L
p
2. v1 = 9/4 2 g L
p
3. v1 = 9/2 2 g L
p
4. v1 = 7/5 2 g L
p
5. v1 = 9/5 2 g L
p
6. v1 = 5/2 2 g L
p
7. v1 = 7/4 2 g L
p
8. v1 = 3/2 2 g L correct
p
9. v1 = 4/3 2 g L
p
10. v1 = 5/3 2 g L
Explanation:
First we need to find the kinetic energy K
of the compound system immediately after
the collision. The acceleration of gravity is g .

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

Let :

m1 = 4 m and
m2 = 2 m .

Momentum is conserved in the collision, so

pf = pi
(m1 + m2 ) v = m1 v1
(6 m) v = (4 m) v1
2
v = v1 .
3
Immediately after the collision, the kinetic
energy of the compound system is
1
(m1 + m2 ) v 2
2

2
2
4
1
v1 = m v12 .
= (6 m)
2
3
3

K=

If we choose a system of the combined

masses and the earth, there are no external forces or work done on the system so the
Energy Principle gives
Ei = Ef
Ui + K i = Uf + K f
0+

1
(m1 + m2 ) v 2 = (m1 + m2 ) g L + 0
2

2
1 2
v1 = g L
2 3
3p
v1 =
2gL.
2

009 10.0 points

A body oscillates with simple harmonic motion along the x-axis. Its displacement varies
with time according to the equation

4. 20.6589
5. -10.1809
6. 7.53117
7. -65.6808
8. -41.2913
9. 4.12525
10. 33.5888
Correct answer: 10.1809 m/s2 .
Explanation:
Let : A = 3 m ,
= 2.056 rad/s ,
= 1.0472 rad , and
t = 3 s.
x = A sin( t + )
dx
v=
= A cos( t + )
dt
dv
= 2 A sin( t + )
a=
dt
= 2 A sin( t + )
= (2.056 rad/s)2 (3 m)
sin[(2.056 rad/s)(3 s) + 1.0472 rad]
= 10.1809 m/s2 .
010 10.0 points
A(n) 3.2 kg object moving with a speed of
6.5 m/s collides with a(n) 0.5 kg object moving with a velocity of 8.3 m/s in a direction
38.0653 from the initial direction of motion
of the 3.2 kg object.
3.2 kg6.5 m/s

38.0653

x(t) = A sin( t + ) .
If A = 3 m, = 2.056 rad/s, and =
1.0472 rad, what is the acceleration of the
body at t = 3 s? Note: The argument of the
sine function is in radians rather than degrees.
1. 26.6459
2. 2.40189
3. 15.0372

8.

3m

/s

0.5 kg
What is the speed of the two objects after
the collision if they remain stuck together?
1. 7.69748
2. 7.99279
3. 6.54134

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

4. 6.6332
5. 6.88946
6. 6.98569
7. 6.78576
8. 7.36574
9. 9.88639
10. 6.3792

Solving for vf , we have

q
p21 + p22 2 p1 p2 cos( )
vf =
m1 + m2


1
=
(3.2 kg) + (0.5 kg)
h
(432.64 kg2 m2 /s2 )2

Correct answer: 6.54134 m/s.

+ (17.2225 kg2 m2 /s2 )2

Explanation:

(172.64 kg2 m2 /s2 ) cos(141.935 )

= 6.54134 m/s .

Let : m1
m2
mf
v1
v2
p1
p2
2 p1 p2

= 3.2 kg ,
= 0.5 kg ,
= m1 + m2 = 3.7 kg ,
= 6.5 m/s ,
= 8.3 m/s ,
= m1 v1 = 20.8 kg m/s ,
= m2 v2 = 4.15 kg m/s ,
= 2 m1 v1 m2 v2
= 172.64 kg2 m2 /s2 ,
px = p1 + p2 cos
= 24.0673 kg m/s ,
py = p2 sin
= 2.55872 kg m/s ,
= 38.0653 , and
= 141.935 .
mf
vf
m1
v1

p2f = p2x + p2y ,

we have
vf =

The final momentum is

(1)

Momentum is conserved

p21 + p22 2 p1 p2 cos( ) = p2f .

p2x + p2y

m + m2
 1

= 6.54134 m/s .

m2

Using the law of cosines, we have


1
=
(3.2 kg) + (0.5 kg)
h
(579.236 kg2 m2 /s2 )
i1/2
+ (6.54705 kg2 m2 /s2 )

v2

~p1 + ~p2 = ~pf .

i1/2

Alternate Solution: Since

pf = (m1 + m2 ) vf .

(2)

011 10.0 points

The escape speed from a very small asteroid
is only 23 m/s. If you throw a rock away from
the asteroid at a speed of 49 m/s, what will
N m2
be its final speed? G = 6.7 1011
.
kg2
1. 35.7771
2. 40.9756
3. 34.641
4. 39.2301
5. 18.0
6. 36.2077
7. 43.2666
8. 28.2666
9. 45.2548
10. 26.8328
Correct answer: 43.2666 m/s.

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

Explanation:

vesc =

2
vesc
=

2GM
R

2GM
R

Use the Energy Principle.

Ei = Ef
Ui + K i = Uf + K f
GM m 1 2
1
+ mvi = 0 + mvf2
ri
2
2
Where Uf is zero.
2GM
R
2
2
2
vf = vi vesc
q
2
vf = vi2 vesc
q
= (49 m/s)2 (23 m/s)2

vf2 = vi2

vf = 43.2666 m/s

process of stopping the car is

Ecar = Kcar
1
= mcar (vcar )2 .
2
Thus, the power expended will be
Ecar
P =
t
1
mcar (vcar )2
= 2
t
1
2
2 (745 kg)(7.5 m/s)
=
0.39 s
= 53726 W .
013 10.0 points
A tennis ball of mass 0.1 kg is dropped from
a very tall building and it falls straight downward. After a short time, it is found to be
falling at constant velocity.
If the ball falls 100 m at a constant velocity
of (50 m/s), how much work is done on the
ball by air friction over that distance? The
acceleration of gravity is 10 m/s2 .
1. 125 J.
2. 10 J.

012 10.0 points

A test car of mass 745 kg is moving at a
speed of 7.5 m/s when it crashes into a wall
to test its bumper. If the car comes to rest in
0.39 s, how much average power is expended
in the process?
1. 49000.0
2. 55249.2
3. 51840.0
4. 64034.0
5. 57600.2
6. 53726.0
7. 58719.0
8. 38729.2
9. 45161.5
10. 50050.0

3. 100 J. correct
4. 10 J.
5. 125 J.
6. 1000 J.
7. 1000 J.
8. 100 J.
9. 12.5 J.
10. 12.5 J.
Explanation:

Correct answer: 53726 W.

Explanation:
The power expended is the energy lost per
unit time. The energy that is lost in the

Let :

m = 0.1 kg ,
g = 10 m/s2 ,
h = 100 m .

and

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

The work done by air friction is

From conservation of energy,

Wa = Ef Ei .
Since K does not change, the work done by
air friction will reduce to
Wa = Ef Ei = Ugf Ugi
= Ug = m g h

Krot + Ktrans + U = 0
1  v 2 1
I
+ m v2 = m g h
2
r
2
I

= (0.1 kg) (10 m/s2 ) (100 m)

= 100 J .

v2
= 2 m g h r2 m r2 .
r2


2 2gh
I = mr
1 .
v2

keywords:
014 10.0 points
This problem describes a method of determining the moment of inertia of an irregularly shaped object such as the payload for a
satellite. A mass m is suspended by a cord
wound around the inner shaft (radius r) of a
turntable supporting the object. When the
mass is released from rest, it descends uniformly a distance h, acquiring a speed v.

015 10.0 points

In a certain time interval, natural gas with energy content 10000 J was piped into a house
during a winter day. In the same time interval sunshine coming through the windows
delivered 3000 J of energy into the house.
The temperature of the house didnt change.
What was Ethermal of the house?
Ia. 10000 J
Ib. 0 J
Ic. 13000 J
Id. 3000 J

m
Find moment of inertia of the equipment
(including the turntable) in terms of magnitudes of given variables.


2 3gh
1. I = m r
2
2 v2


2 3gh
2. I = m r
1
v2


2 gh
1
3. I = m r
v2


2 3gh
1
4. I = m r
2 v2


2 2gh
5. I = m r
1 correct
v2
Explanation:

For the system of the house, what was Q,

the energy transfer between the house and the
air?
IIa. 3000 J
IIb. 13000 J
IIc. 3000 J
IId. 13000 J

1. Id, IIb
2. Id, IIa
3. Ib, IId correct
4. Ib, IIb
5. Ia, IIa
6. Ia, IIc

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

and therefore
7. Ic, IIc
8. Ic, IId
Explanation:
Since the temperature doesnt change, the
amount of thermal energy cannot change, so
Ethermal = 0.
Since we have no change in the thermal
energy, the energy that is being added by the
natural gas and the sunshine must transfer
out to the surrounding outside air. Hence,
Q = 13000 J, where the sign is negative
since the energy flows from the system (the
house) to the surroundings (the outside air).
016 10.0 points
A 85.8 kg man sits on the back end of a 4.6 m
long boat. The front of the boat touches the
pier, but the boat isnt tied. The man notices
his mistake, stands up and walks to the boats
front, but by the time he reaches the front,
its moved 2.38 m away from the pier.
Assuming no water resistance to the boats
motion, calculate the boats mass (not counting the man).
1. 64.9393
2. 29.3824
3. 129.258
4. 80.0319
5. 45.2474
6. 21.1278
7. 81.057
8. 35.5933
9. 327.353
10. 57.3274
Correct answer: 80.0319 kg.
Explanation:
In the absence of external forces, the center
of mass of the manboat system remains at
rest. So if the man moves distance Xman
and the boat moves distance Xboat , then we
must have


Mman Xman + Mboat Xboat
XCM =
Mman + Mboat
Mman Xman + Mboat Xboat
=0
=
Mman + Mboat

Mman Xman + Mboat Xboat = 0 .

Solving this equation for the boats mass, we
find
Xman
.
Mboat = Mman
Xboat
Now, lets be careful about the displacements. Taking the back-to-front direction to
be positive, we have the boat moving backward, so
Xboat = 2.38 m < 0.
As to the man, his displacement relative to the
boat is the boats full length (back to front),
so
Xrel = +Lboat = +4.6 m,
but relative to the pier his displacement is only
Xman = Xrel + Xboat
= +4.6 m 2.38 m = +2.22 m .
Consequently,
Xman
Xboat
+2.22 m
= 85.8 kg
+2.38 m
= 80.0319 kg.

Mboat = Mman

017 10.0 points

Starting from rest, a woman lifts a barbell of
mass mbb with a constant force F through a
distance h, at which point she is still lifting,
and the barbell has acquired a speed v. Let
Ewoman stand for the following energy terms
associated with the woman:
Ewoman = Echemical,woman
+ Kwoman
+ Ugrav,woman+Earth
+ Ethermal,woman
The change in the kinetic energy of the
barbell is
1
1
mbb v 2 0 = mbb v 2 .
2
2

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

The general statement of the energy principle
is:

4m b

2. woman + Earth

4. 16 m L2

3. woman + barbell

5. 41 m L2

6. Earth only
7. there is no such system

L
L

2m

2. 32 m L2 correct
3. 52 m L2

5. barbell + Earth correct

b3m

1. 30 m L2

1. barbell only

4. woman + barbell + Earth

Axis

Esys = Wsurr

For which of the following systems will the

left hand side of this equation have ONLY the
1
terms +mbb gh and mbb v 2 ?
2

10

Explanation:
The moment of inertia is


I = m L2 + 2 m (2 L)2 + 3 m (2 L)2 + L2

+4 m (L2 + L2 )
= m L2 + 8 m L2 + 15 m L2 + 8 m L2
= (1 + 8 + 15 + 8) m L2
= 32 m L2 .

8. woman only

018 10.0 points

Calculate the moment of inertia for the system. The rods of length L are massless.

r
Energy

Explanation:
We may first note that +mbb gh on the left
hand side of the energy principle equation
represents a potential energy change, which
only multibody systems can exhibit. Thus
the single body answer choices cannot be correct. Of the multibody choices, any containing woman must have the term Ewoman on
the left side of the energy principle. The only
remaining choice is barbell + Earth. This is
correct because the change in potential energy
of this system is +mbb gh due to the barbell
rising, and the change in kinetic energy of this
1
system is mbb v 2 due to the barbell gaining
2
speed v.

019 10.0 points

Consider a diatomic molecule bound by interatomic forces. The figure below shows all of
the quantized energies (bound states) for one
of these molecules. The energy for each state
is given on the graph, in electron volts (1 eV
= 1.6 1019 J). What is the minimum energy required to break a molecule apart, if it
is initially in the ground state? (Note that
the final state must be an unbound state; the
unbound states are not quantized.)

0.16 eV
0.4 eV
0.88 eV
1.84 eV

Version 023 Test 3 ver2 florin (57850)

1. 1.84
2. 1.61
3. 2.07
4. 2.3
5. 3.68
6. 3.91
7. 3.22
8. 4.14
9. 2.76
10. 2.53

(III)

11

(IV)

K +U

K +U

(V)

Correct answer: 1.84 eV.

K +U
U

(VI)
r

Explanation:
To break the molecule apart, we must put
in enough energy to compensate for the depth
of the ground state:

K +U
K

U
1. Figure II

Energy

r
2. Figure V

0.16 eV
0.4 eV

3. Figure III

0.88 eV
4. Figure I correct
1.84 eV

5. Figure VI
6. Figure IV

So we must put in 1.84 eV.

020 10.0 points
Which of the following choices corresponds
to a system of two electrons that start out
far apart, moving toward each other (that is,
their initial velocities are nonzero and they
are heading straight at each other)? Note
that the horizontal and vertical axes in each
plot are the separation between the particles
and energy, respectively.
(I)

K +U

(II)

K
U

K +U
r

Explanation:
When the two electrons are very far away
their potential energy is 0, and since they
have nonzero initial velocities, this means that
they are unbounded and thus have an overall
positive energy at r = , which is also equal
to the kinetic energy at that location. As
the electrons get closer, due to their Coulomb
repulsion their kinetic energies drop to 0 while
the potential energy rises. Thus the correct
answer is Figure (I).