Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Art Movements From 1870 To Present
Art Movements From 1870 To Present
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
MOVEMENTS:1930 to
present
Abstract
Expressioni
sm
Color HardPerformance
Field edge
Art
PostPainti Painting
Minimali
ng
sm
Postpainterly
Abstraction
NeoExpression
ism
2000
Arte
Pove
ra
1990
Concept
ual Art
197
0
Po
p
Art
196
0
195
0
194
0
Kineti
c ArtOp Art
1980
Minimalism
IMPRESSIONIS
EARLY
M1872 EARLY 1892
IMPRESSIONISM
Birth:A movement in French painting which was at its
height from the late 1860s to mid 1880s, and whose
influence was felt until 1900.
Ideas:Turning away from the stress on fine finish and
realistic rendering in academic art, French Impressionists
sought new ways to describe effects of light and movement,
often using rich colors.
KEY
ARTISTS
Drawn to modern life, they often painted the city, but they
also captured landscapes and scenes of middle-class
leisure-taking in the suburbs.
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Camille Pissarro
IMPRESSIONISM
The movement gained its name after a
hostile French critic, reviewing the artists'
first major exhibition, seized on the title
of Claude Monet's painting: Impression,
Sunrise (1873), and accused them of
painting nothing but impressions.
KEY
ARTISTS
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Claude Monet
Impression, Sunrise
1873. Oil on canvas. 48 x 63
cm
Camille Pissarro
IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism was a style of
representational art that did not
necessarily rely on realistic
depictions.
KEY
ARTISTS
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Claude Monet
Haystacks, (sunset)
18901891
Camille Pissarro
IMPRESSIONISM
The Impressionists loosened their
brushwork, and lightened their
palettes with pure, intense colors.
They abandoned traditional
perspective, and they avoided the
clarity of form which, in earlier art,
serves to distinguish the more from the
less important elements of a picture.
KEY
ARTISTS
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Camille Pissarro
Hay Harvest at ragny
1901
Camille Pissarro
IMPRESSIONISM
Edouard Manet
23 Jan 1832 (Paris) - 30 April 1883 (Paris)
Edouard Manet was the most important and influential artist to have
heeded poet Charles Baudelaire's call to artists to become painters of
modern life.
Manet's modernity lies above all in his eagerness to update older
genres of painting by injecting new content, or altering the
conventional elements. He did so with an acute sensitivity to
historical tradition and contemporary reality. This was also
undoubtedly the root cause of many of the scandals he provoked.
"There are no
lines in
nature, only
areas of
color, one
against
IMPRESSIONISM
Edouard Manet : Major Works
Edouard Manet
Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe
1863. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edouard Manet : Major Works
Edouard Manet
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
1881. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet
14 Nov 1840 (Paris, France) 5 Dec 1926 (Giverny, France)
"The motif is
insignificant for
me; what I want
to represent is
Masterful as a colorist and as a painter of light and
what lies
between the
atmosphere, his later work often achieved a remarkable
motif & me."
degree of abstraction, and this has recommended him to
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Women in the Garden
1866-7. Oil on canvas. 255
205 cm
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Boulevard des Capucines
1873. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Westminster Bridge
(aka The Thames below
Westminster)
1871. Oil on canvas. 255 205
cm
Westminster Bridge is one
of the
finest examples of his work
during the time he and his
family were in wartime refuge.
This simple, asymmetrical
composition is balanced by the
horizontal bridge, the boats
floating upon the waves with the
vertical wharf, and ladder in the
foreground.
The entire scene is dominated
by a layer of mist containing
violet, gold, pink and green,
creating a dense atmosphere
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Lady with a Parasol
1886. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Rouen Cathedral: The Facade at
Sunset
1894. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Water Lilies
1916. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas
19 July 1834 (Paris, France) 27 Sept 1917 (Paris, France)
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas : Major Works
Edgar Degas
The Dance Class (La Classe de
Danse)
1874. Oil on canvas. 85x78 cm.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas : Major Works
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas : Major Works
Edgar Degas
The Bellelli Family
18581867. Oil on canvas. 200cm
253cm
Edgar Degas
LAbsinthe
1876. Oil on canvas. 92cm 68cm
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
25 Feb 1841 (Haute-Vienne, France) 3 Dec 1919 (Provence-Alpes-Cte
d'Azur, France)
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Major Works
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Bal du moulin de la Galette
(Dance at Le moulin de la Galette)
1876. Oil on canvas. 131 175 cm
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Major Works
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Luncheon of the Boating Party
(Le djeuner des canotiers)
1881. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Self Portraits
1875
1876
1910
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot
January 14, 1841 (Bourges, Cher, France) March 2, 1895 (Paris, France)
It is important to
express oneself...
provided the
feelings are real
and are taken from
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot : Major Works
Berthe Morisot
The Mother and Sister of the Artist
1869/1870. Oil on canvas. 101 82 cm
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot : Major Works
Berthe Morisot
The Cradle (Le berceau)
1872. oil on canvas. 56 46 cm
Berthe Morisot
Reading (portrait of Edma Morisot)
1873. Oil on fabric.
IMPRESSIONISM
Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro
10 July 1830 (Charlotte Amalie, Danish West Indies) - 13 November 1903
(Paris, France)
Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist and NeoImpressionist painter born on the island of St Thomas (now in
the US Virgin Islands, but then in the Danish West Indies). Known
as the "Father of Impressionism," he used his own painterly style
to depict urban daily life, landscapes, and rural scenes, his
importance resides in his contributions to both Impressionism
and Post-Impressionism, as he was the only artist to exhibit in
both forms. Pissarro studied from great forerunners, including
Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. He later
studied and worked alongside Georges Seurat and Paul Signac
when he took on the Neo-Impressionist style at the age of 54.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
The Woodcutter
1879. Oil on canvas. 35x45-3/4 inches.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter
Morning
1897. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
Boulevard Montmartre, Spring
1897. Oil on canvas. 65 x 81 cm.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
Boulevard Montmartre
1897. Oil on canvas. 74 92.8 cm
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
Boulevard Montmartre la nuit
1898. Oil on canvas. 55 65 cm.
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Post-Impressionism is a catch-all term for the many and disparate
reactions against the naturalism, and issues of light and color, which
had inspired the Impressionists.
Birth:A term coined by critic Roger Fry to describe various reactions
against Impressionism which began around 1886. The movement
encompassed Symbolism and Neo-Impressionism before ceding to
Fauvism around 1905
KEY
ARTISTS
Paul Czanne
Georges Seurat
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Symbolic and highly personal meanings were important to PostImpressionists such as Gauguin and van Gogh. Rejecting the
Impressionists' interest in the external, observed world, they instead
looked inside themselves for content.
KEY
ARTISTS
Paul Czanne
Georges Seurat
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Paul Cezanne
19 January 1839 (Aix-en-Provence, France) - 22 October 1906 (Aix-enProvence, France)
Paul Cezanne was the preeminent French artist of the PostImpressionist era, widely appreciated toward the end of his life for
insisting that painting stay in touch with its material, if not
virtually sculptural origins.
Also known as the "Master of Aix" after his ancestral home in the
South of France, Cezanne is credited with paving the way for the
emergence of modern art, both visually and conceptually. In
retrospect, his work constitutes the most powerful and essential
link between the ephemeral aspects of Impressionism and the
more materialist, early 20th century artistic movements of
Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, and even complete abstraction.
Czanne's work demonstrates a mastery of design, colour, tone,
composition and draughtsmanship. His often repetitive, sensitive
and exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly
recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes
that build up to form complex fields, at once both a direct
expression of the sensations of the observing eye and an
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Paul
Cezanne : Major Works
Paul Cezanne
The Artist's Father, Reading
"L'vnement" 1866. Oil on canvas.
200 120 cm
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Paul
Cezanne : Major Works
Paul Cezanne
The Large Bathers (Les Grandes
Baigneuses)
1906. Oil on canvas. 208 249 cm
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Paul
Cezanne : Major Works
Paul Cezanne
Card Player
1906. Oil on canvas. 208 249 cm
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Willem van Gogh
30 March 1853 (Zundert, Netherlands) - 29 July 1890 (Auvers-sur-Oise, France)
"Instead of trying
to reproduce
exactly what I
see before me, I
make more
arbitrary use of
color to express
myself more
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Vincent
van Gogh : Major Works
Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night
1889. Oil on canvas.
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Vincent
van Gogh : Major Works
Vincent Van Gogh
Fourteen Sunflowers in a Vase
1888. Oil on canvas.
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Vincent
van Gogh : Major Works
Vincent Van Gogh
Bedroom
1888. Oil on canvas.
IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent van Gogh : Self-Portraits
1887
1889
1889
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat
2 December 1859 (Paris, France) - 29 March 1891 (Paris, France)
Georges Seurat is chiefly remembered as the pioneer of the NeoImpressionist technique commonly known as Divisionism, or
Pointillism, an approach associated with a softly flickering surface of
small dots or strokes of color.
His innovations derived from new quasi-scientific theories about
color and expression, yet the graceful beauty of his work is explained
by the influence of very different sources.
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Georges
Seurat : Major Works
Georges Seurat
The Bathers
1884-86. Oil on canvas.
POSTIMPRESSIONISM
Georges
Seurat : Major Works
Georges Seurat
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La
Grand Jatte 1884-86. Oil on canvas.
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
ART NOUVEAU
1890-1905
ART NOUVEAU
Birth: Art Nouveau rose to prominence when visual artists, designers
and architects began adopting modern and naturalistic modes of
decoration, as opposed to the ornateness of Victorian-era design. This
"new art" stemmed from the Arts & Crafts movement and aspects of
Japonisme.
KEY
ARTISTS
Ideas: During its brief reign, Art Nouveau went by several different
names: Jugendstil, stile Liberty and Sezessionsstil, which can be
attributed to the style's vast influence and number of practitioners
throughout Europe, yet all represented a decidedly modern take on
decorative design. Simple floral patterns and "whiplash" curves are
common throughout, regardless of medium. The movement's influence
remains widely evident today, surviving in definitive 20th-century
architecture, furniture and jewelry design, and most notably the
paintings of Gustav Klimt.
Gustav Klimt
Antoni Gaudi
ART NOUVEAU
Gustav Klimt
July 14, 1862 (Baumgarten, Austrian Empire) February 6, 1918 (Vienna,
Austria-Hungary)
ART NOUVEAU
Gustav Klimt : Major Works
Gustav Klimt
The Kiss
1907-08. Oil, gold and silver leaf on canvas.
ART NOUVEAU
Gustav Klimt : Major Works
Gustav Klimt
Adele Bloch-Bauer I
1907. Oil, gold and silver leaf on canvas.
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaud i Cornet
25 June 1852 (Reus, Catalonia, Spain) - 10 June 1926 (Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain)
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi : Major Works
Antoni Gaudi
Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain. 1882 - ongoing
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi : Major Works
Antoni Gaudi
Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain. 1882 ongoing
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi : Major Works
Antoni Gaudi
Casa Mila
Barcelona,
Spain. 19051910
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
FAUVISM
1899-1908
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse
KEY ARTIST
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse
31 Dec 1869 (Le Cateau-Cambrsis, Nord) - 3 Nov 1954 (Nice, AlpesMaritimes)
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse : Major Works
Henri Matisse
Woman with a Hat
1905. Oil on canvas. 79.4 x 59.7 cm
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse : Major Works
Henri Matisse
Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt
1906. Oil on Canvas
Henri Matisse
Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)
1952. Oil on canvas
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse : Major Works
Henri Matisse
Blue Nude II
1952. Gouache-painted paper cut-outs.
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
EXPRESSIONISM
1905-1933
Expressionism is a broad term for a host of
movements in early twentieth-century
Germany, from Die Brcke (1905) and Der
Blaue Reiter (1911) to the early Neue
Sachlichkeit painters in the 20s and 30s.
Many German Expressionists used vivid
colors and abstracted forms to create
spiritually or psychologically intense works,
while others focused on depictions of war,
Futurism
1909- LATE 1920s
Futurism developed in interwar Italy as
an ideology that celebrated the speed,
movement, machinery, and violence of
modern times. Blending realism with
collage and Cubist abstraction, its
visual components include lines of
force and dynamism to indicate objects
moving through space.
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
CUBISM
1907-1922
CUBISM
Birth: Developed by Picasso and Braque around 1907, the approach
influenced artists on an international scale into the early 1920s and
well beyond.
KEY ARTIST
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
25 October 1881 (Mlaga, Spain) - 8 April 1973 (Mougins,
France)
"Every act of
creation is first an
act of
destruction."
Pablo Picasso
KEY ARTIST
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso : Major Works
Pablo Picasso
Guernica
1937. Oil on canvas. 349 cm 776 cm
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso : Major Works
Pablo Picasso
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
1907. Oil on Canvas. 244 x 234 cm
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso : Major Works
Pablo Picasso
Portrait of Gertrude Stein
1906. Oil on Canvas.
Pablo Picasso
Three Musicians
1921.
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
SUPREMATISM
1913 1920s
The brainchild of Kazimir Malevich, Suprematism grew out of
Russian Futurism and the ideas of avant-garde poets, and
also literary critics of the early 1910s who were interested in
the functioning of language and the nature of literature as
an art.
An interest in the nature of language encouraged
Suprematists to reduce art to its essentials. They devised a
radically abstract art composed mostly of simple geometric
forms. Generally expressed through painting, it often
emphasized the texture of the paint as one of the
fundamental, irreducible characteristics of the medium.
Although inspired by rational enquiry, the movement
occasionally took on a strange, absurdist tone, and its
DADA
1916 - 1924
Launched in Zurich in 1916 and quickly
inspired similar groups in New York, Berlin,
Cologne, Paris and elsewhere. Its influence
waned after the Paris group collapsed and
ceded to Surrealism.
Inspired by revulsion at the carnage of WWI,
the artistic and literary movement developed
an anarchic opposition to nationalism,
rationalism and all dominant bourgeois
values. All the various Dada groups opposed
realism and embraced avant-garde shock
tactics, but their tone differed; German Dada
was far more political than the bohemian
Marcel Duchamp
28 July 1887 (Normandy, France) 2 Oct 1968 (Neuilly-sur-Sein,
France)
"You cannot
define electricity.
The same can be
said of art. It is a
kind of inner
current in a
human being, or
something which
needs no
definition."
Marcel Duchamp
KEY ARTIST
DADA
DADA
Marcel Duchamp : Major Works
Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
1917
DADA
Marcel Duchamp : Major Works
Marcel Duchamp
LHOOQ
1919
BAUHAUS
1919 - 1933
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art
school of the 20th century, one whose approach to
teaching, and understanding art's relationship to
society and technology, had a major impact both in
Europe and the United States long after it closed. It
was shaped by the 19th and early 20th centuries
trends such asArts and Craftsmovement, which
had sought to level the distinction between fine and
applied arts, and to reunite creativity and
manufacturing.
The school is also renowned for its faculty, which
included artistsWassily Kandinsky,Josef
Albers,Lszl Moholy-Nagy,Paul KleeandJohannes
BAUHAUS
Major Works
Marcel Breuer
The Wassily Chair
Tubular Steel Chair
Marianne Brandt
Tea Infuser
Silver Plated Brass and Ebony
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1915 LATE 1930s
Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art
movement to flourish in Russia in the 20th century. It evolved as the
Bolsheviks came to power in the October Revolution of 1917, and
initially acted as a lightning rod for the hopes and ideas of many of
the most advanced Russian artists who supported the revolution's
goals.
Constructivism borrowed ideas from Cubism, Suprematism and
Futurism, but bent them into a new approach to making objects, one
which sought to abolish the traditional artistic concern with
composition, and replace it with 'construction.' It stressed the
inherent physical characteristics of materials, rather than any
symbolic associations they might support. While seeking to express
the dynamism of the modern world, and that of the rapidly changing
Impressionism
Art Nouveau
Post-Impressionism
The Bauhaus
Suprematism
Fauvism Cubism
Expressionism
Dada
1920
1910
190
0
189
0
188
0
187
0
Futurism
1930
MOVEMENTS:1870 to
1930
Surrealism
Constructivism
SURREALISM
1924 LATE 1966
Developed out of the collapse of the Paris Dada
movement in 1924, it remained powerful until
WWII and maintained a presence through the mid1960s.
Surrealism shared the anarchic rejection of
conventional bourgeois values that motivated the
Dada movement. Powerfully influenced by
Freudian theories, Surrealists sought ways to
challenge reality by expressing the unconscious in
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali
May 11, 1904 (Figueres, Spain) - January 23, 1989 (Figueres,
Spain)
Knowing how to
look is a way of
inventing.
Salvador Dali
KEY ARTIST
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali : Major Works
Salvador Dali
The Persistence of Memory
1931. Oil on canvas. 24cm 33cm.
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali : Major Works
Salvador Dali
Soft Construction with Boiled
Beans
(Premonition of Civil War)
1936. Oil on canvas. 100cm 99cm
MOVEMENTS:1930 to
present
Abstract
Expressioni
sm
Color HardPerformance
Field edge
Art
PostPainti Painting
Minimali
ng
sm
Postpainterly
Abstraction
NeoExpression
ism
2000
Arte
Pove
ra
1990
Concept
ual Art
197
0
Po
p
Art
196
0
195
0
194
0
Kineti
c ArtOp Art
1980
Minimalism
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
1924 MID 1960s
The most influential movement in post-war abstract
painting, it flourished in New York in the 1940s and
1950s.
The Abstract Expressionists were committed to an
expressive art of profound emotion and universal
themes. They were interested in myth and archetypal
symbols, and understood painting as a struggle
between self-expression and the chaos of the
unconscious. Sometimes called the New York School,
they included both color field painters and painters of
Willem De Kooning
Mark Rothko
KEY
ARTISTS
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Jackson Pollock
January 28, 1912 (Cody, Wyoming, U.S.) - august 11, 1956 (Springs, New York,
U.S.)
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Jackson
Pollock : Major Works
Jackson Pollock
No. 5, 1948
1948. Oil on fiberboard. 2.4m 1.2m
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Jackson
Pollock : Major Works
KEY
ARTISTS
Jackson Pollock
Number 1 (Lavender Mist)
1950. Oil on fiberboard.
Jackson Pollock
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
http://www.jacksonpollock.org/
Jackson Pollock Drawing Application
Try drip-painting! This application lets you draw a drip
painting on your computer monitor.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Willem de Kooning
24 April 1904 (Rotterdam, Netherlands) - 19 March 1997 (Long Island, New
York)
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Willem
de Kooning : Major Works
Willem de Kooning
Woman I
1950-52. Oil on canvas.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Willem
de Kooning : Major Works
Willem de Kooning
Woman III
1953. Oil on canvas.
Willem de Kooning
Woman V
1952-53. Oil on
canvas.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Mark Rothko
25 Sept 1903 (Dvinsk, Vitebsk Province, Russian Empire now Daugavpils,
Latvia) - 25 Feb 1970 (Manhattan, New York)
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Mark
Rothko : Major Works
Mark Rothko
Entrance to Subway
1938. Oil on canvas.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Mark
Rothko : Major Works
Mark Rothko
Slow Swirl at the Edge of the Sea
1944. Oil on canvas.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Other
Groundbreaking Works
Franz Kline
Chief
1950. Oil on canvas.
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Other
Groundbreaking Works
Philip Guston
Zone
1953-54. Oil on canvas.
KINETIC ART
1954 Kinetic art is usually a sculptural construction
comprised of moving components, powered by
wind, a motor or the viewers themselves. Its
kinesis is what gives the artwork its overall effect,
hence the name. The first artwork generally
credited as Kinetic Art was Marcel Duchamp's
Bicycle Wheel (1913). Some of the medium's most
famous practitioners include Alexander Calder,
Naum Gabo and Jean Tingeuly
KINETIC ART
Groundbreaking Works
Bridget Riley
Blaze
1964. Screen print on paper.
KINETIC ART
Groundbreaking Works
Naum Gabo
Kinetic Construction (Standing Wave)
1919-20. Metal, painted wood and electrical
mechanism
COLOR FIELD
PAINTING Works
Groundbreaking
Frank Stella
The Metropolitan Museum of Art 1870-1970
1970. Color offset lithograph poster.
COLOR FIELD
PAINTING Works
Groundbreaking
Helen Frankenthaler
Nature Abhors a Vacuum
1973. Acrylic on canvas.
COLOR FIELD
PAINTING Works
Groundbreaking
Mark Rothko
No. 2, Green, Red and Blue
1953. Oil on canvas.
MOVEMENTS:1930 to
present
Abstract
Expressioni
sm
Color HardPerformance
Field edge
Art
PostPainti Painting
Minimali
ng
sm
Postpainterly
Abstraction
NeoExpression
ism
2000
Arte
Pove
ra
1990
Concept
ual Art
197
0
Po
p
Art
196
0
195
0
194
0
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Minimalism
POP ART
MID 1950s EARLY 1970s
The movement developed simultaneously in various
cities in the mid 1950s. Its influence is still felt in
contemporary art.
London's Independent Group may have been the first
to consciously explore popular subject matter in their
art, but Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg also
made use of popular imagery as a route away from
Abstract Expressionism, and towards a Neo-Dada style
in the late 1950s. The movement truly flourished in
New York in the 1960s, but it also saw manifestations
in Paris, with Nouveau Realisme, and in the work of
German artists such as Sigmar Polke and Gerhard
Andy Warhol
KEY ARTIST
POP ART
POP ART
Andy Warhol : Major Works
Andy Warhol
Campbell's Soup
Cans
1962. Synthetic
polymer paint on
canvas. Each 50.8
cm 40.6 cm
POP ART
Andy Warhol : Major Works
Andy Warhol
Untitled from Marilyn
Monroe (Marilyn)
1967. Silkscreen.
POP ART
Andy Warhol : Major Works
Andy Warhol
Mao
1973. Synthetic polymer paint and silkscreen ink
on canvas
POP ART
Roy Lichtenstein
KEY ARTIST
Roy Lichtenstein
POP ART
Roy Lichtenstein : Major Works
Roy Lichtenstein
Drowning Girl
1963. Oil and synthetic polymer paint on canvas.
POP ART
Roy Lichtenstein : Major Works
Roy Lichtenstein
Brushstrokes
1967. Color screenprint on white wove paper.
Brushstrokes reflects
Lichtensteins interest in the
importance of the brushstroke in
Abstract Expressionism. Abstract
Expressionist artists had made the
brushstroke a vehicle to directly
communicate feelings;
Lichtenstein brushstroke made a
mockery of this aspiration, also
suggesting that though Abstract
Expressionists disdained
commercialization, they were not
immune to it - after all, many of
their pictures were also created in
series, using the same motifs
again and again. Lichtenstein has
OP ART
1964 A term coined by critic Jules Langsner in 1959
to describe the developments of a few
California painters.
Ideas: In the wake of Abstract Expressionism
many painters began to move towards greater
clarity of design, and to eschew the grandeur
and melancholy of much gestural painting.
Langsner observed this first in California, but
the trend was widespread and attracted more
OP ART
Art Works
Jesus-Rafael Soto
Sphere bleue de Paris
2000. Wood and paint construction with aluminum rods, lamps, and
rubber tubing
OP ART
Art Works
Victor Vasarely
Duo - 2
1967. Gouache and acrylic on board.
MINIMALISM
EARLY 1960s LATE 1960s
A loosely affiliated group of mostly New Yorkbased artists began to work in a similar mode in
the early 1960s.
An approach to art - principally sculptural - which
stressed anonymous, industrial manufacturing
and austere, geometric forms. Led by articulate
spokesmen such as former critic Donald Judd, the
movement became a highly self-conscious
attempt to overturn previous conventions of
sculpture, to create objects with simple, indivisible
MINIMALISM
Groundbreaking Works
Donald Judd
Untitled
1969. Brass and colored fluorescent plexiglass on
steel brackets
MINIMALISM
Groundbreaking Works
Tony Smith
Free Ride
1962. Painted Steel.
MOVEMENTS:1930 to
present
Abstract
Expressioni
sm
Color HardPerformance
Field edge
Art
PostPainti Painting
Minimali
ng
sm
Postpainterly
Abstraction
NeoExpression
ism
2000
Arte
Pove
ra
1990
Concept
ual Art
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Minimalism
POST-PAINTERLY ABSTRACTION
EARLY 1950s MID 1970s
Post-Painterly Abstraction was a term developed
by critic Clement Greenberg in 1964 to describe a
diverse range of abstract painters who rejected
the gestural styles of the Abstract Expressionists
and favored instead what he called "openness or
clarity."
Painters as different as Ellsworth Kelly and Helen
Frankenthaler were described by the term. Some
employed geometric form, others veils of stained
color.
POST-PAINTERLY
ABSTRACTION
Groundbreaking
Works
Kenneth Noland
Cycle
1960. Oil on canvas.
POST-PAINTERLY
ABSTRACTION
Groundbreaking
Works
Howard Mehring
The Key
1963. Magna on canvas.
POST-PAINTERLY
ABSTRACTION
Groundbreaking
Works
Ellsworth Kelly
Red Blue
1963. Oil on canvas.
CONCEPTUAL ART
MID 1950s
Developed simultaneously in the mid 1960s in the
United States, Latin America and Europe. The
movement waned in the mid 1970s but its
influence is still profound.
The movement is marked by a focus on ideas and
communication rather than visual perception.
Some of its practitioners have been drawn to a
highly intellectual critique of the institution of art
itself. Many eschew objects altogether, yet others
have created a diverse output of media, from
maps and found objects to texts and photographs.
CONCEPTUAL ART
Groundbreaking Works
Robert Rauschenberg
Erased de Kooning Drawing
1953. Charcoal, pencil, crayon and ink drawing by Willem de
Kooning, erased
CONCEPTUAL ART
Groundbreaking Works
Joseph Kosuth
One and Three Chairs
1953. Wood folding chair, mounted photograph of a chair,
and photographic enlargement of a dictionary definition of
"chair"
POST MINIMALISM
1966 Born almost simultaneously in the mid-1960s with the movement
that fathered it, Minimalism, Post-Minimalism was less a coherent
avant-garde than a splintered collection of tendencies including
Process art, Performance, Land art and Body art.
Post-Minimalism describes a collection of reactions against the
abstraction, austerity, and formalism of the Minimalist style. But it
also describes work that extended its ideas: some Process artists
pushed further its interests in the materiality of sculpture; some
elaborated its notion that sculpture could expand beyond the object
they developed new ideas about the placement of sculpture, and
pioneered Land art; and others, including many feminist artists,
reintroduced qualities of emotional expression into Minimalisms
POST MINIMALISM
Major Works
Bruce Nauman
The True Artist Helps the World by Revealing Mystic Truths,
(Window or Wall Sign)
1967. Neon tubing and clear glass tubing
POST MINIMALISM
Major Works
Richard Long
A Line Made by Walking
1967. Photograph and pencil on board
ART POVERA
1962 1972
The Arte Povera ("poor art") movement emerged in 1960s Italy,
when an artist collective adopted a radical stance against all
established modes of aesthetic order and widely accepted artistic
taste. A key influencer of the movement was Italian art critic
Germano Celant, whose 1967 book, Arte Povera, promoted ideas of
a new art, free from convention.
Prominent Arte Povera artists, such as Alighiero Boetti, Jannis
Kounellis, Mario Merz and Michelangelo Pistoletto, practiced
everything from painting and embroidery to conceptual art and
performance, all designed to represent an utterly original phase in
modern art, away from the dominance of pure abstraction. The
artists' common ground was a stance against a market-driven art
world, wherein the need for commerce trumped the importance of
individual expression.
ART POVERA
Major Works
Luciano Fabro
Floor Tautology
1967. Floor, newspapers
ART POVERA
Major Works
Mario Merz
Giap's Igloo
1968. Metal tubing, wire mesh, neon
tubing, dirt in bags, batteries,
accumulators
PERFORMANCE ART
1910 Performance was first embraced by Futurism and Dada, but it
has been exploited by many avant-gardes. It flourished as a
movement itself in the 1960s and found exponents
internationally. Performance art of this period was particularly
focused on the body and is often referred to as Body Art.
Performance is a genre in which art is presented "live,"
usually by the artist but sometimes with collaborators or
performers. Artists have turned to it whenever they have
become disenchanted with conventional media such as
painting and sculpture, and are seeking to rejuvenate art. In
the 1960s, the movement reflected widespread attempts to
escape the boundaries of the traditional art object. In some
ways it extended the action painting of the Abstract
NEO-EXPRESSIONISM
LATE 1970s EARLY 1990s
Neo-Expressionism can be traced to the rise of
German artist Georg Baselitz and his Neue Wilden
group from the late 1960s, but it flourished
internationally in the 1980s.
Disaffected with the intellectualism of Minimalism
and Conceptual Art, many artists returned to
painting in an expressionist style which reasserted
the creative power of the individual. This took
place almost simultaneously throughout the world
and was marked by interests in primitivism,
graffiti, and the revival of historical styles.
NEO-EXPRESSIONISM
Major Works
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Mona Lisa
1983.Acrylic and oil stick on canvas
NEO-EXPRESSIONISM
Major Works
Anselm Kiefer
Zim Zum
1990. Acrylic, emulsion,
crayon, shellac, ashes, and
canvas on lead
NEO-EXPRESSIONISM
Major Works
Francesco Clemente
Scissors and Butterflies
1999. Oil on linen.
GLOSSARY
IMPASTO Painting that applies the pigment thickly sothat brush or paletteknife
marks are visible
JAPONSIM OR JAPONISME Ageneral term for the influence of the arts of Japan
on those of the West, whereas in France, Japonisme is applied to such influence
and is in addition the name of a specific French style (late 1800s).
ARTS AND CRAFTS An international design movement that flourished between
1860 and 1910, that stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms and
often applied medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration and advocated
economic and social reform and has been said to be essentially anti-industrial.
SOURCES