1

MC LC
Li ni u ................................................................................................................... 2
Phn 1: Dch v OTT ................................................................................................... 3
1. Tng quan ......................................................................................................... 3
2. Khi nim v OTT ........................................................................................... 3
3. S pht trin ca OTT ...................................................................................... 4
4. Giao thc OTT s dng ................................................................................... 5
5. Cc sn phm ca cng ngh OTT .................................................................. 6
Phn 2: Truyn hnh OTT ............................................................................................ 8
1. Tng quan ......................................................................................................... 8
2. Gii php h thng OTT .................................................................................. 8
H thng HeadEnd Live Streaming ............................................................. 8
H thng OTT .............................................................................................. 9
M hnh h thng OTT rt gn .................................................................. 11
M hnh Live2File ..................................................................................... 12
Truyn hnh theo yu cu ........................................................................... 13
H thng OTT thng mi hon chnh ...................................................... 14
3. u, nhc im ca truyn hnh OTT ........................................................... 15
Phn 3: Hng i ca truyn hnh OTT ti Vit Nam ............................................... 17
Kt lun ...................................................................................................................... 19
Ti liu tham kho ...................................................................................................... 20

LI NI U
Over The Top (OTT) l mt khi nim c bit n nh mt hnh thc phn
phi cc ni dung qua Internet m khng chu s iu khin, qun l, hoc tr tin
cho nh cung cp dch v h tng Internet, cc ni dung OTT c cung cp bi mt
bn th ba ch khng phi bi nh cung cp h tng Internet. Do , ngi s dng
khng phi tr bt c mt khon ph ni dung no cho nh cung cp Internet. Hnh
thc ny u tin c cung cp bi Netflix v Hulu trong vic cung cp cc ni dung
video, audio trn Internet. OTT sau bng n vi cc ng dng gi in, nhn tin
min ph vi ngi dng nh Whatapp, skype, viber...
OTT ang xm ln cc ng dng truyn hnh trn cc thit b SmartTV,
SmartBox chy Android vi cc ng dng nh: Youtube, Facebook, Picasa... Vi tc
pht trin h tng Internet nh hin nay, cng vi xu hng gim gi thnh cc
thit b u cui (TV, Box), cc ng dng OTT trn truyn hnh s ph bin trong thi
gian ti.

Hnh 1: SmartTV vi cc ng dng OTT

Vy cc i Truyn hnh chun b g n u xu hng ny? y l c hi v
cng l thch thc trong vic chun b v chuyn i c s h tng cung cp cc
ng dng, ni dung OTT p ng nhu cu ngi s dng.
Bi tiu lun gii thiu m hnh gii php xy dng, chuyn i v nng cp
t cc h thng truyn hnh Internet hin ti sang mt h thng sn sng cho vic
cung cp cc ng dng, dch v OTT.

PHN 1: DCH V OTT

1. Tng quan
Cc dch v ng dng a phng tin min ph trn di ng thu ht hang triu
ngi Vit Nam, c bit l gii tr. Cc dch v ny lm cho cc nh mng trong
nc lo lng v s cnh tranh, chia s doanh thu. Tuy nhin s pht trin mnh m
ca OTT ang l xu hng v khng th trnh khi v cn s tha hip, hp tc gia
cc nh mng v cc doanh nghip OTT.
Xu hng s dng OTT ang lan ta , th hin qua lng ngi dng tng
chng mt. Trn th gii mt s ng dng OTT thnh cng c th k n nh Line, ra
mt vo thng 6- 2011 nhanh chng lan ta n 231 quc gia v ch mt hn 19
thng vt con s 100 triu ngi dng. Hay nh Viber, mt cng ty nh ca Israel
tuyn b chm mc 175 triu ngi vi ch sau 12 thng ra mt.
Tnh ring Vit Nam mi ngy dch v OTT ca viber nhn thm 20.000 ngi
dng mi , con s tng them trong thng 2 nm 2013 l 500.000 ngi, t tng cng
l 3,5 triu ngi dng. Hay nhng dch vu OTT Line mi xut hin Vit Nam nm
2012 m nm 2013 c hn 1 triu ngi dng.
Nguyn nhn ch yu c th k n l h tng mng vin thng pht trin rt
mnh v hiu qu trong thi gian va qua, p ng tt nhu cu truyn thng a
phng tin. thm vo l lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng thng minh ngy
cng gia tng, to nn mt th trng ln cho cc ng dng a phng tin min ph.
2. Khi nim v OTT
L thut ng ch cc ng dng v cc ni dung nh m thanh, video c
cung cp trn nn tng Internet v khng mt nh cung cp hoc bt k c quan no
c th can thip vo. L gii php cung cp ni dung cho ngi s dng da trn nn
tng Internet Cc nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) c th nhn bit c s tn ti
ca nhng ni dung OTT ny thng qua cc gi d liu nhng khng th kim sot
c ni dung bn trong v khng chu trch nhim v chng (chi ph, bn quyn,...).
iu ny tri ngc vi cc dch v tnh ph trc y, chng hn xem truyn hnh
cp, truyn hnh v tinh phi tr tin cho nh cung cp tn hiu truyn hnh hoc xem
IPTV phi thanh ton cho nh cung cp dch v Internet, gi in thoi, nhn tin phi
tr cc cho nh mng.

V c bn, cc dch v hoc ng dng OTT l nhng dch v trn Internet m

khng phi do cc nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) trc tip a n. Tt nhin,
i vi nh cung cp dch v vin thng/ ISP, im ng lu tm nht ca mt ng
dng hoc dch v OTT l ngi dng khng phi tr tin cho h.
3. S pht trin ca OTT
Nhng nm 2008 v 2009, thut ng "ng dng/dch v OTT" ch yu c p
dng cho cc dch v video nh Netflix hay Hulu. Vo thi im , mt s nh cung
cp dch v ln ca M nh Comcast v AT&T tung ra dch v video theo yu cu
v gp phi s thch thc t Netflix v Hulu. Cc cng ty ny a n nhng dch
v OTT thng qua kt ni Internet m khng cn bt k s tng tc no vi cc nh
cung cp dch v Internet (cng nh khng to ra bt k khon chi ph no cho ngi
dng).
Sau , OTT c p dng cho mt lot cc ng dng nhn tin, thay th cho cc
dch v nhn tin SMS tn ph truyn thng do cc cng ty vin thng cung cp.
WhatsApp, Apple iMessage, BlackBerry Messenger (BBM), TU Me... v hng trm
hng trm ng dng khc thi nhau xut hin. Mt vi ngi thm ch cn xp Twitter
v Facebook vo dng ng dng ny. H qu tt yu ca "s xm lng" ny l doanh
thu ca cc cng ty vin thng b suy gim nghim trng. Cng ty phn tch v nghin
cu th trng Ovum c tnh s suy gim ny ln n 13,9 t USD ch tnh ring
trong nm 2011.
Gn y, ngha ca thut ng OTT c m rng hn, p dng cho bt k
nh cung cp ni dung no. im mu cht ca tt c iu ny l cc ng dng/dch
v OTT khng n t cc cng ty vin thng truyn thng hoc cc nh cung cp dch
v Internet. Cc cng ty vin thng v ISP ch n thun l cc nh cung cp kt ni
IP m cc ng dng OTT hot ng trn . Hiu nm na, cc cng ty vin thng v
ISP ch n thun l nhng "ng dn to bo v ngc nghch".
Mt vi cng ty vin thng v ISP nhn thy nhng g ang xy ra v c gng
tr thnh "ng dn to bo nht" trn mng, cung cp dch v tt nht c th. Mt s
tung ra cc ng dng/dch v OTT ring khng gii hn i vi c s khch hng ca
mnh.
Mt vi cc cng ty vin thng khc th li c gng gia nhp Lin minh Vin
thng quc t (ITU) nhm iu tit cc ng dng OTT v cc nh cung cp thng qua
Hi ngh Th gii v Vin thng quc t (WCIT). H hy vng WCIT s l mt

phng tin khi phc li doanh thu ca mnh v bng cch no bt u tnh ph
i vi cc nh cung cp OTT.
4. Giao thc OTT s dng
So vi cng ngh truyn ti truyn thng IPTV l RTSP v UDP th OTT s
dng giao thc truyn ti HTTP. Vy ti sao HTTP li c la chn cho OTT?
HTTP c th lm vic trn bt k mng no, iu ny i lp vi IPTV khi yu
cu mng multicast.
Cng ngh iu khin lung thch nghi ca HTTP cho php khch hng ti
nhiu mc cht lng khc nhau ph hp vi cc thit b u cui khc
nhau.
S dng giao thc HTTP trn nn web c chi ph r hn v trin khai n gin
hn.
HTTP khng yu cu cc server lu tr d liu trung gian.
HTTP c kh nng p ng a nh dng ph hp vi tt c cc thit b u
cui s dng dch v OTT nh: PC, my tnh bng, in thoi, SmartTV,
SmartBox. Cc nh dng bao gm: Microsoft Smooth Streaming (MSS);
Apple HTTP live Streaming (HLS); Adobe HTTP dynamic Streaming (HDS);
MPEG-DASH.

Hnh 2: Kh nng ca OTT p ng a nh dng

5. Cc sn phm ca cng ngh OTT

OTT l nhng phn mm nhn tin, cht min ph nh Line, Nimbuzz, Tango,
KakaoTalk, WhatsApp... ang thu ht s ch c bit thi gian gn y khi
u t tc pht trin thn k.

Hnh 3: ng dng nhn tin WhastsApp

OTT cng c p dng cho cc ng dng VoIP nh Skype, FaceTime ca
Apple, Viber, Voxer, Viber, Tango

Hnh 4: ng dng VoIP Viber

Truyn hnh OTT, l gii php dch v truyn hnh qua internet, c cch thc
vn hnh tng t cc ng dng nhn tin OTT ang rt thu ht ngi dng
thit b s.

Hnh 5: ng dng MyTV ca VNPT

PHN 2: TRUYN HNH OTT

1. Tng quan
Truyn hnh OTT l gii php dch v truyn hnh qua internet, c cch thc vn
hnh tng t cc ng dng nhn tin OTT ang rt thu ht ngi dng thit b s.
s dng, ngi dng ch cn my tnh, smartphone hoc smartTV/AndroidTV kt ni
vi mt ng truyn n nh.
Vi li th ph rng, tnh tng tc cao, truyn hnh OTT ang c nhiu
nh cung cp h tng m rng u t, cung cp nhiu dch v gi tr gia tng km
theo nh: phim, game show, clip yu cu, truyn hnh xem li, karaoke... Cc chuyn
gia nhn nh phng thc ny s l xu hng cp nht tin tc v gii tr ca ngi
dng trong vi nm ti.
2. Gii php h thng OTT
H thng HeadEnd Live Streaming
Mt h thng Live Streaming (IPTV) c bn c th c m t trong Hnh 6.

Hnh 6: M hnh IPTV c bn

Hnh 7: Mt h thng IPTV thng mi

Trong , trung tm ca h thng s dng mt b m ha (Streaming Encoder
ViaMotion Streamer) c chc nng m ha tn hiu t cc ngun khc nhau (camera,
u thu,...) to thnh cc dng truyn ti trn nn IP. Ti pha thu, ngi s dng s
dng mt b thu (STB) gii m dng truyn ti ny v hin th ln mn nh (TV,
PC). y l m hnh h thng c bn v nguyn tc, trn thc t c th phc tp hn
nh trong Hnh 7.
H thng OTT
Do c im ca h thng p ng a nh dng, so vi IPTV, h thng OTT c
thm cc server ng gi v format nh dng pha sau Encoder.

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Hnh 8: H thng OTT

Hnh 9: Server nh dng lung live stream

Hnh 10: Server nh dng offline stream

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Hnh 11: Server iu khin lung TS

Trong :
Viamotion Live Packager: Server nh dng v ng gi d liu t lung
MBTS trc tip ca cc chng trnh live, v d: VTV1, VTV2,...
Viamotion Offline Packager: Server nh dng v ng gi d liu video
MP4 cho cc ng dng video theo yu cu, v d phim, nhc,...
Viamotion Streamer: hot ng nh b M v b iu khin dng TS,
cho php thay i tc v nh dng dng TS mt cc linh hot, ph hp
vi tng loi thit b u cui.
M hnh h thng OTT rt gn
Nh m t bn trn, so vi h thng IPTV, h thng OTT cn dc b xung
3 server c vai tr ng gi v nh dng d liu tng thch vi cc thit b u cui
ca khch hng khc nhau. Thng thng, chuyn bit ha vai tr v chc nng th
3 server trn l c lp ring r. Trong thc t trin khai p dng n nh m hnh
trong Hnh 8 s cn 6 server (3 server chy, 3 server standby).
Tuy nhin nu mun n gin ha trin khai v tit kim chi ph c th gp 3
server trn thnh mt server duy nht. iu ny c ngha cc b live/offline packager
+ streamer c ci t nh mt module phn mm trn server.
V vy, khi p dng m hnh trong Hnh 8 ta ch cn trin khai 2 server thay v 6
server, s gip tit kim ng k chi ph phn cng v in nng tiu th trong qu
trnh vn hnh.

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Hnh 12: Gii php trin khai trn mt server

M hnh Live2File
OTT c nhiu ng dng trong truyn hnh, tuy nhin trong phn ny chng ti
gii thiu nhng ng dng trn m hnh Live2File c th lm thay i thi quen s
dng truyn hnh ca ngi dng so vi trc y. M hnh Live2Live c m t
trong Hnh 13.

Hnh 13: M hnh Live2File

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Hnh 14: V d v dch v Catch-up ca knh truyn hnh Sky

Trong m hnh ny, server trong h thng OTT s cha mt b m (bufer)
ln chuyn i d liu cc chng trnh trc tip (VTV1, VTV2,...) thnh cc file
video c lu d trong h thng. iu ny cho php bn d dng xem li bt k
chng trnh truyn hnh no pht trc m khng cn phi ch i truyn hnh
pht li. Gi s c trn bng hp dn lc 15h trn VTV3, nhng li l thi gian
trong gi lm vic khng xem c., tuy nhin h thng OTT lu n nh mt file
trong b m v ngi dng c th xem li bt k lc no sau khi ht gi lm vic.
Dch v ny c gi l Catch-up.
Cng da trn m hnh Live2File, ng dng dng timeshift nh: tm dng
(pause), xem trc (start over),... c th d dng trin khai i vi cc knh VTV1,
VTV2,...
Truyn hnh theo yu cu
Vic xem cc b phim theo yu cu s dng PC, Laptop kt ni Internet
khng cn xa l g vi ngi dng. Tuy nhin, thc hin vic ny trn truyn hnh cn
kh mi m ti Vit Nam. Vi m hnh h thng OTT nh trn c th d dng trin
khai dch v ny.

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Hnh 15: M hnh h thng OTT vi dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu

Hnh 16: V d v giao din ng dng truyn hnh theo yu cu

H thng OTT thng mi hon chnh
Ngoi nhng thnh phn chnh, mt h thng OTT thng mi hon chnh cn
b xung thm cc thnh phn sau (Hnh 17):
Phn mm iu khin, gim st: gip ngi vn hnh d dng gim st v
iu khin h thng.
Phn mm bo mt ni dung (DRM): gip xc thc v bo v cc ni dung OTT
khi truy cp khng bn quyn t bn ngoi.
Phn mm gim st v qun l khch hng: gip xc thc ngi dng, qun l
ti khon truy cp, phn tch thi quyen v nhu cu ngi dng.

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H thng tnh cc: kim tra, xc thc v tnh chi ph ca ngi dng hng
thng hoc trn mi ni dung truy cp.

Hnh 17: H thng OTT thng mi hon chnh

3. u, nhc im ca truyn hnh OTT
Vi tnh nng u vit, truyn hnh OTT - truyn hnh qua Internet khng ph
thuc vo mng li, c th tng tc vi ngi dng v mang tnh c nhn ha cao.
Truyn hnh OTT c th s dng nhiu thit b, phc v cc yu cu khc nhau v
khng b gii hn v thi gian, khng gian.
i vi ngi s dng nhng c im ni bt ca dch v l c th xem theo
yu cu, tnh c nhn ha cao, xem trn nhiu thit b, xem mi lc mi ni, tng
tc, chia s, tng, bnh lun,...
i vi nh cung cp dch v ny c c im l ph dch v rng, trin khai
nhanh, chi ph thp hn nhiu so vi dch v truyn thng, cung cp nhiu dch v gi
tr gia tng km theo.Vi tnh nng u vit, truyn hnh OTT - truyn hnh qua
Internet khng ph thuc vo mng li, c th tng tc vi ngi dng v mang
tnh c nhn ha cao. Truyn hnh OTT c th s dng nhiu thit b, phc v cc yu
cu khc nhau v khng b gii hn v thi gian, khng gian.

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Hnh 18: Truyn hnh OTT v cc phng thc truyn hnh khc
Tuy nhin, khi ci t phn mm OTT trong thit b cm tay, ngi dng buc
phi tun th cc iu kin rng buc: Chp nhn cho ng b danh b ng ngha
vi vic d l cc thng tin, s in thoi c nhn lu trong my; ngoi ra t cng
mc nh phi nhn nhng tin nhn qung co. Hn na cht lng ca truyn hnh
OTT cng ph thuc vo mng internet ang s dng. Nu tc ng truyn
internet khng cao khi xem d xy ra tnh trng lag, git, gy kh chu cho ngi s
dng. Vi truyn hnh tr tin, m hnh truyn hnh OTT c tip tc min ph hay
khng? C mt vn l truyn hnh cn lin quan n ph bn quyn v c bit
vic cung cp truyn hnh OTT hin nay cha c bn quyn. Nh vy, v lu di s
kh cho nh cung cp, cn vi khch hng s khng c xem nhng chng trnh
hay qua truyn hnh OTT.

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PHN 3: HNG I CA TRUYN HNH OTT TI VIT NAM

S liu gn y cho thy, Vit Nam l mt trong nhng th trng OTT (Over The - Top) pht trin mnh nht khu vc ng Nam . Cc i gia truyn hnh Vit
Nam nh VTVcab, SCTV, VNPT, FPT Telecom tham chin th trng truyn hnh
OTT. V mt cng ngh sn sng cung cp cc dch v theo nhu cu ca tng khn
gi vi cc tnh nng ca truyn hnh tng tc, truyn hnh trn a mn hnh.
VTVcab l n v u tin cung cp dch v OTT vi thng hiu VTV Plus t u
nm 2013, sau l ti FPT Telecom cng tung ra dch v FPT Play t thng
10/2013, k VTC cng chnh thc cung cp dch v ZTV, MyTV tung ra dch v
MyTVNet, VNPT cng cung cp dch v qua thit b Android TV Box t cui nm
2013. Cui nm 2014, SCTV cng chnh thc tham chin khin cho th trng truyn
hnh OTT.
Truyn hnh OTT phong ph hn v mt ni dung so vi truyn hnh truyn
thng. s dng truyn hnh OTT, ngi dng khng tn chi ph mua box, ch cn
thit b my tnh, smartphone hoc SmartTV/AndroidTV vi 1 ng truyn n nh
th c th s dng.

OTT t trc n nay vn c hiu l min ph, ngi dng khng phi tr chi
ph khi s dng. Vi truyn hnh tr tin, m hnh truyn hnh OTT c tip tc min
ph hay khng? C mt vn l truyn hnh cn lin quan n ph bn quyn v
c bit vic cung cp truyn hnh OTT hin nay cha c bn quyn. Nh vy, v
lu di s kh cho nh cung cp, cn vi khch hng s khng c xem nhng
chng trnh hay qua truyn hnh OTT. C th dn chng: hin K+ ang pht sng
c quyn Gii Bng ngoi hng Anh ngy ch nht, mt s trn ca gii Ty Ban
Nha v nh i ny ch chia s vi i tc k kt pht qua IPTV, qua knh HD v
cha c iu khon pht qua truyn hnh OTT nn hin nay khch hng xem truyn
hnh OTT cha th xem c cc gii u yu thch ny.
Do vy, c khng t kin cho rng, cc nh cung cp truyn hnh OTT mi ch
ang cung cp dch v ny gc th nghim ch cha t hy vng nhiu, d Vit
Nam hin c khong 91 triu dn, t l ngi s dng cc thit b smartphone ngy
mt tng v cng vi l lng thu bao s dng 3G ngy mt tng l mnh t
ha hn cho pht trin truyn hnh OTT.

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Hu ht cc nh cung cp truyn hnh tr tin u cho rng, tm kim v xem

video trn Internet l xu hng khng th o ngc c ca truyn hnh OTT trong
tng lai. Cu hi t ra l th trng Vit Nam sn sng thng mi ha dch v
OTT hay cha?
ng gc nh cung cp dch v kt ni, nh mng vin thng ng nhin
rt mun tng thm doanh s trn cng mt si dy n ngi dn, nn nh mng sn
sng kt ni dch v OTT n vi khch hng tng hiu qu u t.
Cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh nhn thy kt ni Internet l mt cng
ng rt ln, bng thng ngy cng rng, cht lng ngy cng cao. H c thm c
hi kt ni vi cng ng khn gi mi trn nn tng a mn hnh, cng mt ni dung
xem trn nhiu mn hnh s tng lng khn gi, vn n lng kh gi rng hn
trn cng mt kt ni bng rng.
iu ny ch cn ph thuc vo vic nhu cu s dng ca khch hng th no v
h sn sng tr ph ti cc video hay s dng dch v truyn hnh tng tc n
u? Cu tr li li nm ch nh cung cp h tng phi ci to tng cht lng
truyn video, mi c kh nng thu tin ca khch hng. Nh cung cp dch v truyn
hnh phi i mt vi thi quen nghe xem, ai hiu nhu cu khch hng, cung cp
nhng ni dung ng th hiu khn gi ngi s thng.
mt gc khc, OTT thng c hiu l truyn hnh khng cn u t h
tng, nhng thc cht nh mng phi u t rt nhiu tin cho h tng bng rng, cho
nn nu cc nh cung cp ni dung mun c cht lng tt phi c hp ng vi nh
mng hoc c mt tha thun hp tc kinh doanh dch v m bo bng thng s
c cht lng truyn hnh tt hn. Cn trong trng hp OTT c chy min ph trn
h tng ca nh mng phi chp nhn tn hiu lc c lc mt.
Bn cnh , cc nh cung cp dch v ni dung OTT ang ch mt hnh lang
php l r rng. Bi nu OTT khng c kim sat cht lng, khng c nhng quy
nh v bn quyn cc nh cung cp ni dung s rt e ngi khng dm u t cung
cp ni dung ln Internet. Vic vi phm bn quyn ni dung trn Internet qu d dng,
mt video va ng ln c khi b mang link i dn khp ni, trong khi cc u t
bi bn c th tn nhiu triu USD.
i vi vic thng mi ha dch v OTT Vit Nam: Cng ngh truyn dn
cng nh kh nng cung cp ni dung sn sng, ch cn ph thuc vo nhu cu s
dng ca ngi dng v kh nng sn sng tr ph ca h n u m thi.

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KT LUN
OTT s l xu hng ng dng truyn hnh trong thi gian sp ti, s lm thay
i thi quen s dng truyn hnh ca ngi dng. Mt c hi mi i vi cc i
truyn hnh trong vic cung cp ni dung nhng cng l thch thc i vi bi ton
kinh doanh v m hnh chuyn di h thng p ng vic cung cp ng dng, dch
v OTT. M hnh gii php trong tiu lun ca nhm c tnh tham kho i vi cc
n v ang c k hoch xy dng mt h thng cung cp dch v OTT.
Do thi gian nghin cu v trnh c hn, nn nhiu ch, nhiu vn trong
tiu lun c th c trnh by cha su sc v y , v vy nhm mong mun nhn
c s thng cm v gp qu bu ca cc thy, c v cc bn rt ra nhng bi
hc kinh nghim trn con ng hc tp v lm vic sau ny.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. inh Vn Phong, Gii php xy dng h thng cung cp dch v OTT, Cng ngh
Thng tin & Truyn thng, K 1 2014, s 478 trang 20-26.
[2]. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-top_content.
[3]. ICTPress, http://ictpress.vn/Tri-thuc-chuyen-nganh/VNPT-Technology-gioi-thieutruyen-hinh-OTT-uu-viet-cho-kieu-bao.
[4]. GENK, http://genk.vn/blog/tiem-nang-ung-dung-cong-nghe-truyen-tai-noi-dungott-tai-viet-nam-20130405121958149.chn.
[5]. PC World VN, http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/cong-nghe/congnghe/2013/08/1234208/ott-tv-tuong-lai-nao-cho-truyen-hinh-truc-tuyen.