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Nitrification Denitrification
Nitrification Denitrification
and
Denitrification
Prepared by
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Operator Training and Certification Unit
Nitrogen
Environmental
And
Public Health
Concerns
All Are
Nutrients
(fertilizer)
Ammonia NH3
Nitrite NO2Nitrate NO3Organic
TKN
TIN
Transform
In
Environment
And
Treatment Plants
NITROGEN CYCLE
Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
(TKN)
N
Pri.Eff.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Of
Nitrogen
Aeration
Tank
MLSS
SecondarySec. Eff.
Clarifier
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Of
Nitrogen
Raw Sewage
Organic Nitrogen & Ammonia
No Nitrite or Nitrate
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Of
Nitrogen
Primary Clarification
Some Organic Nitrogen Removed
(settled solids)
No Ammonia Removed
May Increase
(Solids Handling)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Of
Nitrogen
Primary Effluent
(Secondary Influent)
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Of
Nitrogen
Secondary Treatment
(Biological)
100 : 5 : 1
C:N:P
Biological Oxidation
of Ammonia to Nitrite to Nitrate
NH3
NO2
NO3
Nitrification
*Heterotrophic Bacteria Break Down Organics
Generate NH3, CO2, and H2O
*Autotrophic Bacteria Utilize Inorganic Compounds
(and CO2 as a Carbon Source)
Nitrification
Nitrosomonas
NO2-N
NO3-N
Nitrite N
Nitrate N
Nitrobacter
Nitrification VS D.O.
NH 3-N Removal, %
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
NH 4-N Removal, %
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Inhibit Nitrification
Exceed Nitrification Capability
Return Slowly
Low Quantities
At Low Loading Times
Nitrification VS CRT
25
Nitrogen, mg/L
20
15
10
5
0
Effluent NH3-N
0
10
15
CRT, Days
20
25
30
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
10
15
20
25
Temperature, oC
30
35
40
pH VS Nitrification Rate at 68 oF
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
6.0 6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
pH
8.5
9.0
9.5 10.0
Sodium Bicarbonate
Nitrification Problems
NH3
NO2
NO3
Dissolved Oxygen
CRT, F/M
Temperature
Alkalinity
Return Flows From Solids Handling
pH Swings
*Toxics in Influent
DENITRIFICATION
NO3
NO2
N2
Definitions
Aerobic Dissolved (Free) Oxygen Present O2
Oxic Dissolved (Free) Oxygen Present O2
Anoxic No Free Oxygen
(Combined Oxygen Nitrates NO2 and Nitrites NO3)
DENITRIFICATION
heterotrophic bacteria + BOD
NO3
N2
Anoxic environment
Oxic
Anoxic
Oxic
DENITRIFICATION
Added Benefits
Minimizes Rising Sludge
Helps Recover Oxygen
May Help Control Filamentous Bacteria
Recovers Alkalinity
NO3 + ORG
het. bact.
anoxic
3.57 mg Alkalinity
per mg NO3
Reduced
N2
CO2
H2O
OH-
HCl + HOCl
H+ + OCl-
OCl- + NO2-
NO3- + Cl-
NO2
NO3
NH3
NO2
NO3
NO2
N2
NO2
N2
NO2
N2
NO2
NO3 + Cl =
Disinfection
Problems
NH3 + Cl
Chloramines
Chloramines disinfect,
but dont react quickly with NO2
ORP
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
The electrical potential (mv)
required to transfer electrons
from one compound to
another.
Used as a qualitative
measure of the state of
oxidation.
ORP
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
ORP
ORP
Nitrification
and
Denitrification
Prepared by
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Operator Training and Certification Unit