Professional Documents
Culture Documents
m7 ch7 Solutions Final
m7 ch7 Solutions Final
Get Ready
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 1
a) 1 8 = 8, 2 4 = 8, 4 2 = 8, 8 1 = 8
The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.
b) 1 17 = 17, 17 1 = 17
The factors of 17 are 1 and 17.
c)
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 2
Page 208
Question 3
a) 4 1 = 4, 4 2 = 8, 4 3 = 12, 4 4 = 16
The first four multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, and 16.
b) 8 1 = 8, 8 2 = 16, 8 3 = 24, 8 4 = 32
The first four multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, and 32.
c)
6 1 = 6, 6 2 = 12, 6 3 = 18, 6 4 = 24
The first four multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, and 24.
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 4
a) 10 1 = 10, 10 2 = 20, 10 3 = 30
The first three multiples of 10 are 10, 20, and 30.
b) 12 1 = 12, 12 2 = 24, 12 3 = 36
The first three multiples of 12 are 12, 24, and 36.
c)
20 1 = 20, 20 2 = 40, 20 3 = 60
The first three multiples of 20 are 20, 40, and 60.
MHR Chapter 7
349
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 5
a) 13 < 14
b) 13.6 > 13.5
c)
8 3 = 24, 2 12 = 24
24 = 24
8 3 = 2 12
Get Ready
Page 208
Question 6
Page 209
Question 7
2 km is equivalent to 2000 m.
b) You are converting to a larger unit, so you divide.
2000 mm = 2000 1000 m
=2m
2000 mm is equivalent to 2 m.
c)
Get Ready
Page 209
Question 8
Page 209
Question 9
A = ss
A = 88
A = 64
Page 209
Question 10
A = ss
A = 1.5 1.5
A = 2.25
Page 209
Question 11
= l l l
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
MHR Chapter 7
351
Get Ready
V
V
V
V
Page 209
Question 12
= l l l
= 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
Page 212
Question 1
Exponents can be thought of as a form of shorthand because you are simplifying a multiplication question.
For example, 3 3 = 9 is more complicated and longer than 32 = 9.
Section 7.1
Page 212
Question 2
A = s2
A = 42
Page 212
Question 3
Since 23 represents the volume of a 2 2 2 cube, you can think of it as the number 2 cubed.
Section 7.1
a)
Page 212
Question 4
A = s2
A = 22
A = 2 2
A=4
A = s2
A = 102
A = 10 10
A = 100
MHR Chapter 7
353
Section 7.1
a)
Page 212
Question 5
A = s2
A = 62
A = 6 6
A = 36
A = s2
A = 122
A = 12 12
A = 144
A = s2
A = 112
A = 11 11
A = 121
V
V
V
V
V
Page 212
Question 6
= l3
= 73
= 777
= 49 7
= 343
= l3
= 103
= 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
Section 7.1
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 212
Question 7
= l3
= 53
= 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
= l3
= 123
= 12 12 12
= 144 12
= 1728
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 203
= 20 20 20
= 400 20
= 8000
Page 213
Question 8
Page 213
Question 9
MHR Chapter 7
355
Section 7.1
a)
Page 213
Question 10
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
43 = 4 4 4
= 4 16
= 64
42 = 4 4
= 16
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
102 = 10 10
= 100
Since 1 = 1, 12 = 13.
Section 7.1
Page 213
a)
b)
c)
Question 11
f)
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 12
Page 213
Question 13
10 10 10 = 100 10
= 1000
202 = 20 20
= 400
83 = 8 8 8
= 64 8
= 512
25 25 = 625
In order from greatest to least is: 1000 > 625 > 512 > 400.
The original list sorted from greatest to least is: 10 10 10 > 25 25 > 83 > 202.
MHR Chapter 7
357
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 14
A = s2
A = 1052
A = 105 105
A = 11 025
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 15
Answers may vary. To find the area of an object, find how many squares with a side length of
1 unit make up the object. For example, a 5 cm 6 cm rectangle has an area of 5 6 = 30 cm2. This is the
same as saying that thirty 1 cm side-length squares make up the object. Since a square with a side length of
1 cm has an area of 1 cm2, it take 30 squares with an area of 1 cm2 to cover the object. This is the same as
30 1 cm2 = 30 cm2.
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 16
There are 12 edges to a cube. If the total length is 36 cm, each edge has a length of 36 12 = 3 cm.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 33
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
Page 213
Question 17
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 18
b) Answers may vary. Think of square numbers first. Then, use their factors.
For example:
32 = 3 3
=9
2
4 = 4 4
= 16
52 = 5 5
= 25
2
6 = 6 6
= 36
72 = 7 7
= 49
2
8 = 88
= 64
Factors of 9:
Factors of 16:
Factors of 25:
Factors of 36:
Factors of 49:
Factors of 64:
1, 3, 9
1, 2, 4, 8, 16
1, 5, 25
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
1, 7, 49
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
Use trial and error with the square numbers to find pairs that work.
c)
18 2 = 36
= 62
and
18 2 = 9
= 32
12 3 = 36
= 62
and
12 3 = 4
= 22
32 2 = 64
= 82
and
32 2 = 16
= 42
In every case, the lower square number is a factor of the larger square number (or the larger square
number is a multiple of the lower square number).
For example: 4 4 = 16, 9 4 = 36, 4 9 = 36, and 16 4 = 64.
MHR Chapter 7
359
Section 7.1
a)
Page 213
Question 19
13 = 1 1 1
= 1 1
= 12
13 + 23 = 1 + 23
= 1+ 2 2 2
= 1+ 4 2
= 1+ 8
=9
= 32
13 + 23 + 33 = 1 + 8 + 33
= 1+ 8 + 3 3 3
= 1+ 8 + 9 3
= 1 + 8 + 27
= 36
= 62
b)
32 12 = 3 3 1 1
= 9 1
=8
= 23
62 32 = 6 6 3 3
= 36 9
= 27
= 33
102 62 = 10 10 6 6
= 100 36
= 64
= 43
MHR Chapter 7
361
Section 7.1
Page 213
Question 20
a) Answers may vary. For example, if you add two consecutive triangular
numbers, such as 1 and 3, 3 and 6, or 6 and 10, you will have a square
number.
Use systematic trial:
1 and 3: 1 + 3 = 4
= 2 2
= 22
3 and 6: 3 + 6 = 9
= 3 3
= 32
6 and 10: 6 + 10 = 16
= 4 4
= 42
b) Answers may vary.
Page 216
Question 1
Page 216
16 = 4 .
Question 2
Page 216
36 = 6 .
Question 3
49 = 7 .
MHR Chapter 7
363
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 4
6.25 = 2.5 .
Page 216
Question 5
a) There are three small squares for each side, so the side length is 3.
b) There are five small squares for each side, so the side length is 5.
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 6
Page 216
Question 7
MHR Chapter 7
365
Section 7.2
Page 216
Question 8
16 = 4 .
225 = 15 .
Page 216
a) 8 8 = 64
64 = 8
b) 12 12 = 144
144 = 12
c)
20 20 = 400
400 = 20
Question 9
Section 7.2
Page 216
a)
625 = 25
b)
441 = 21
c)
10 000 = 100
Section 7.2
Page 216
a)
1.44 = 1.2
b)
2.25 = 1.5
c)
5.76 = 2.4
d)
0.25 = 0.5
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 10
Question 11
Question 12
MHR Chapter 7
367
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 13
9.
81.
81.
The order that you press the buttons may change depending on the calculator you use.
b) Answers may vary.
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 14
1444 = 38 .
38.
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 15
MHR Chapter 7
369
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 16
Each face of the cube is a square. The side length of the square is the square root of the area.
6 6 = 36
36 = 6
The side length of each face is 6 cm. So, each edge of the cube has a length of 6 cm.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 63
= 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216
Page 217
Question 17
7 7 = 49
49 = 7
If the numbers under the square root sign are between 36 and 49, then their square roots will be
between 6 and 7.
41, 38, and 45 are between 36 and 49. So,
41,
7.211... > 7
41 : [C] 41 [ x ] 6.403124237
5.916... < 6
38 : [C] 38 [ x ] 6.164414003
41,
Section 7.2
Page 217
Question 18
Page 217
Question 19
324 = 18 .
MHR Chapter 7
371
c)
By looking at the diagram, you can see that the side length of the mat minus the side length of the
picture will give you two border widths.
Width of border = (side length of mat side length of picture) 2
= (18 10) 2
= 82
=4
Page 217
Question 20
Page 217
Question 21
Correct!
Correct!
c)
Too low.
Correct!
MHR Chapter 7
373
Page 220
Question 1
1296.
Calculators vary. The order in which you press the buttons may be different, depending on the
calculator you use.
b)
64 = 6 6 6 6
= 36 6 6
= 216 6
= 1296
Section 7.3
Page 220
Question 2
1000.
Page 220
Question 3
Answers may vary. For example, you could use systematic trial.
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 53.
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Try 54.
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
Too low.
Correct!
125.
Too low.
625.
Correct!
Page 220
Question 4
David is not correct. 34 is a power of 3, not 4. Powers are described according to the value of the base.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 5
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 6
4.
27.
625.
MHR Chapter 7
375
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 7
32.
1.
Page 221
216.
Question 8
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 9
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 10
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 11
a) The power is three to the sixth, so the base is 3 and the exponent is 6.
You can write 36.
b) The power is five to the exponent four, so the base is 5 and the exponent is 4.
You can write 54.
c)
The power is the seventh power of 9, so the base is 9 and the exponent is 7.
You can write 97.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 12
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
27.
32.
MHR Chapter 7
377
103 = 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
1296.
1000.
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
8.
8.
Since 8 = 8, 81 = 23.
d) Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
45 = 4 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4 4
= 64 4 4
= 256 4
= 1024
625.
1024.
Page 221
Question 13
0.00032
3.8416
c)
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 14
Correct!
1000.
Correct!
Too low.
Correct!
Too low.
Correct!
MHR Chapter 7
379
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 15
64.
Correct!
So, 64 = 43.
b) Use systematic trial:
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 44.
44 = 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4
= 64 4
= 256
Correct!
So, 256 = 44.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 44.
[C] 4 [yx] 4 [=]
So, 256 = 44.
256.
Correct!
c)
Correct!
So, 4 = 41.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 41.
[C] 4 [yx] 1 [=]
4.
Correct!
So, 4 = 41.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 16
243.
Correct!
So, 26 = 64.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 26.
[C] 2 [yx] 6 [=]
64.
Correct!
So, 26 = 64.
MHR Chapter 7
381
c)
Too high.
Correct!
So, 84 = 4096.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 104.
[C] 10 [yx] 4 [=]
Try 84.
[C] 8 [yx] 4 [=]
10000.
4096.
Too high.
Correct!
So, 84 = 4096.
Section 7.3
Page 221
Question 17
225 = 15 .
118 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1
181 = 18
16.
[C] 225 [ x ]
15.
1.
18.
The numbers from greatest to least are: 19.5 > 18 > 17 > 16 > 15 > 1.
The original list should be arranged: 19.5 > 181 > 17 > 24 > 225 > 118.
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 18
Every octopus has 8 arms. Since there are 16 octopi, there are 8 16 = 128 arms.
Since 2 is a small number that divides evenly into 128, try to use this as a base.
Use systematic trial:
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 25.
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
Try 27.
27 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2
= 32 2 2
= 64 2
= 128
Too low.
Correct!
So, 27 = 128.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 25.
[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
Try 27.
[C] 2 [yx] 7 [=]
32.
128.
Too low.
Correct!
So, 27 = 128.
The total number of arms on 16 octopi is 27 arms.
MHR Chapter 7
383
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 19
a) When you multiply a number by 10, a trick is to just add a zero at the end of the number.
For example, 2 10 = 20.
To calculate 10100, you are just multiplying one hundred 10s together.
This is the same as multiplying the number 1 by one hundred 10s.
b)
You would need 100 zeros after the 1 to write a googol in standard form.
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 20
Page 222
Question 21
Powers of 3:
31 = 3
32 = 3 3
=9
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
34 = 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3
= 27 3
= 81
35 = 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3
= 27 3 3
= 81 3
= 243
Powers of 9:
91 = 9
92 = 9 9
= 81
93 = 9 9 9
= 81 9
= 729
Page 222
Question 22
36 = 3 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3 3
= 27 3 3 3
= 81 3 3
= 243 3
= 729
b) Method 1:
Express 32 as a power of 2.
Use systematic trial:
Try 25.
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
Correct!
So, 32 = 25.
or
Try 25.
[C] 2 [yx] 5 [=]
= 32
This is correct, so 32 = 25.
If you look at your answers to part a), you can see that the area of algae for a week is just 2 to the
power of that week. So, since 32 = 25, it will take 5 weeks for the pond to be completely covered in
algae.
Method 2:
4 weeks: Area of algae = 8 2
= 16
After 4 weeks, the area of the algae will be 16 m2.
5 weeks: Area of algae = 16 2
= 32
After 5 weeks, the area of the algae will be 32 m2.
It will take 5 weeks for the pond to be completely covered in algae.
MHR Chapter 7
385
Section 7.3
Page 222
Question 23
Correct!
So, 16 = 24.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 24.
[C] 2 [yx] 4 [=]
16.
Correct!
So, 16 = 24.
b) Use systematic trial:
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 42.
42 = 4 4
= 16
Correct!
So, 16 = 42.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 42.
[C] 4 [yx] 2 [=]
16.
Correct!
So, 16 = 42.
c)
26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2
= 16 2 2
= 32 2
= 64
27 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2
= 32 2 2
= 64 2
= 128
28 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 2 2
= 64 2 2
= 128 2
= 256
Powers of 4:
43 = 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
44 = 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4
= 64 4
= 256
Powers of 16:
162 = 16 16
= 256
Page 223
Question 24
12 = 1 1
=1
Page 223
22 = 2 2
=4
Question 1
32 = 3 3
=9
42 = 4 4
= 16
52 = 5 5
= 25
b) Every time you increase the base, you increase the number of blocks or tiles. By subtracting the
number of blocks in columns next to each other, you will get this pattern.
41=3
94=5=3+2
16 9 = 7 = 3 + 2 + 2
25 16 = 9 = 3 + 2 + 2 + 2
The increase in the number of blocks in each column follows a pattern of consecutive odd numbers
starting at 3.
c)
No, you would not. The number of blocks or tiles would increase only by 1 each time.
11 = 1, 21 = 2, 31 = 3, 41 = 4, 51 = 5
Making Connections
Page 223
Question 2
a)
21 = 2
22 = 2 2
=4
23 = 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
24 = 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2
= 8 2
= 16
25 = 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
MHR Chapter 7
387
b) Every time you increase the exponent with a base of 2, you multiply the number of blocks by 2.
2 2 = 4
4 2 = 8
8 2 = 16
16 2 = 32
c)
You would not see the same kind of change in the size of the power using a base of 1.
With a base of 1, your answer will always be 1.
11 = 1
12 = 1 1
=1
13 = 1 1 1
=1
14 = 1 1 1 1
=1
15 = 1 1 1 1 1
=1
Page 227
Question 1
Answers may vary. For example, Fermi problems are estimation problems where you must make
assumptions. Since estimations are not exact, all of these answers are correct, but they will have different
values.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 2
Answers may vary. For example, the students could compare both solutions to see how the values were
estimated. They could determine which estimate is more appropriate, and then conclude which answer is
best.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 3
Answers may vary. This answer will use the classroom size from Example 1.
Method 1: Use the Areas
By measuring a loonie, it is about 2.6 cm across.
You can assume that the area covered by a loonie is roughly the same as the area of a square with a side
length of 2.6 cm.
About 157 143 loonies are needed to cover the classroom floor.
MHR Chapter 7
389
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The side length of the square is 1 m.
The diameter of a loonie is about 2.6 cm.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of loonies that will fit along each side of the square.
100 2.6 = 38.4615...
38
Page 227
Question 4
Answers may vary. This answer will assume that a table tennis ball is 3 cm in diameter and the suitcase is
60 cm by 30 cm by 10 cm.
Method 1: Use the Areas
You can assume the volume of a table tennis ball is roughly the same as the volume of a cube with a side
length of 3 cm.
Approximate volume of one table tennis ball = l 3
= 33
= 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
The approximate volume of one table tennis ball is 27 cm3.
Volume of suitcase = l w h
= 60 30 10
= 1800 10
= 18 000
18 000
27
= 666.666...
667
About 667 table tennis balls are needed to fill the suitcase.
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube.
The side length of the cube is 10 cm.
The diameter of a table tennis ball is about 3 cm.
Number of table tennis balls that will fit along each side of the cube.
10 3 = 3.333...
3.3
Round to 3.3 instead of 3 in this case because it improves the accuracy of our result.
About 3.3 table tennis balls will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of table tennis balls inside the cube = 3.3 3.3 3.3
= 36
About 36 table tennis balls will fit inside a 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube.
Volume of the 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm cube = l 3
= 103
= 10 10 10
= 100 10
= 1000
The volume of the cube is 1000 cm3.
Volume of suitcase = l w h
= 60 30 10
= 1800 10
= 18 000
MHR Chapter 7
391
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 5
There are about 500 pages in the textbook. Counting the number of words on a sample page shows about
200 words per page. The total number of words can be estimated as 500 200 = 100 000.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 6
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that two of the classroom walls are 11 m by 5 m and the other
two are 10 m by 5 m. It also assumes that a CD case is 12.2 cm by 14 cm.
Method 1: Use the Areas
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The side length of the square is 1 m.
A CD case is about 12.2 cm by 14 cm. This covers about the same area as a 13 cm by 13 cm square.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of CD cases that will fit along each side of the square:
100 13 = 7.692...
8
MHR Chapter 7
393
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 7
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a CFL-sized field is about 60 m by 136 m, including the end
zones. This answer also assumes that the math textbooks are 20.5 cm by 24 cm. Finally, for this answer, the
textbooks will lie flat on the field and are not standing up on their spines.
Method 1: Use the Areas
About 165 854 textbooks are needed to cover the football field.
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The side length of the square is 1 m.
A textbook is about 20.5 cm by 24 cm. This covers about the same area as a 22 cm by 22 cm square.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of textbooks that will fit along each side of the square:
100 22 = 4.545...
4.5
About 4.5 textbooks will fit along each side of the square. Use 4.5 instead of rounding up to 5 because
rounding 4.545 to 5 is a large jump and will greatly affect the final answer.
Number of textbooks inside the square = 4.5 4.5
= 20.25
20
About 20 textbooks will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.
Area of football field = l w
= 136 60
= 8160
The area of the football field is 8160 m2.
This area is 8160 times the area of the 1 m by 1 m square.
The number of textbooks needed to cover the walls is 8160 20 = 163 200.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 8
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a tennis ball is 6.35 cm in diameter, and the classroom is the
same 11 m by 10 m by 5 m classroom from the answer to question 7.
Method 1: Use the Areas
You can assume the area covered by a tennis ball is roughly the same as the area of a cube with a side
length of 6.35 cm.
Approximate volume of one tennis ball = l 3
= 6.353
= 6.35 6.35 6.35
= 40.3225 6.35
= 256.047875
256
The approximate volume of one tennis ball is 256 cm3.
Convert side lengths of the classroom floor to centimetres.
11 m = 11 100 cm
= 1100 cm
10 m = 10 100 cm
= 1000 cm
5 m = 5 100 cm
= 500 cm
MHR Chapter 7
395
About 2 148 438 tennis balls are needed to fill the classroom.
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
The side length of the cube is 1 m.
Change the side length of the cube to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of tennis balls that will fit along each side of the cube.
100 6.35 = 15.748...
16
About 16 tennis balls will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of tennis balls inside the cube = 16 16 16
= 256 16
= 4096
About 4096 tennis balls will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
Volume of classroom = l w h
= 11 10 5
= 110 5
= 550
The volume of the classroom is 550 m3.
This volume is 550 times the volume of the 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
So, the number of tennis balls needed to fill the classroom is about 550 4096 = 2 252 800.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 9
Answers may vary. When a garbage bag is full, it forms a cube about 45 cm on a side.
Method 1: Use the Volumes
You can assume the area covered by a banana is roughly the same as the area of a 4 cm by 4 cm by 20 cm
rectangular prism.
Approximate volume of one banana = l w h
= 20 4 4
= 80 4
= 320
The approximate volume of one banana is 320 cm3.
Volume of the garbage bag when full = l 3
= 453
= 45 45 45
= 2025 45
= 91125
91125
320
= 284.7656...
285
Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube.
The side length of the cube is 1 m.
Change the side length of the cube to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of bananas that will fit along each side of the cube (using the 20 cm length):
100 20 = 5
About 5 bananas placed using their 20 cm length will fit along each side of the cube.
Number of bananas that will fit along each side of the cube (using the 4 cm width):
100 4 = 25
About 25 bananas placed using their 4 cm width will fit along each side of the cube.
MHR Chapter 7
397
Page 227
Question 10
Answers may vary. This answer uses a foot that is about 7 cm by 20 cm and the 11 m by 10 m classroom
from Example 1.
a) Assume the area covered by a footprint is roughly the same as the area of a 7 cm by 20 cm rectangle.
Area of floor = l w
= 1100 1000
= 1100 000
MHR Chapter 7
399
or
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The side length of the square is 1 m.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of footprints that will fit along each side of the square (using the 20 cm length):
100 20 = 5
About 5 footprints placed using their 20 cm length will fit along each side of the square.
Number of footprints that will fit along each side of the square (using the 7 cm width):
100 7 = 14.2857...
14
About 14 footprints placed using their 7 cm width will fit along each side of the square.
Number of footprints inside the square = 5 14
= 70
About 70 footprints will fit inside a 1 m by 1 m square.
Section 7.4
Page 227
Question 11
Answers may vary. They should be similar to the exercises from this section.
MHR Chapter 7
401
Chapter 7 Review
Review
Page 228
Question 1
Page 228
Question 2
POWER
Review
PERFECT SQUARE
Review
Page 228
Question 3
Page 228
Question 4
BASE
Review
EXPONENT
Review
Page 228
Question 5
SQUARE ROOT
Review
Page 228
Question 6
EXPONENTIAL FORM
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 7
A = s2
A = 32
A = 3 3
A=9
A = s2
A = 62
A = 6 6
A = 36
Review
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 228
Question 8
= l3
= 23
= 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
= l3
= 53
= 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Page 228
Question 9
162 = 16 16
= 256
83 = 8 8 8
= 64 8
= 512
d) 113 = 11 11 11
= 121 11
= 1331
Review
Page 228
Question 10
MHR Chapter 7
403
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 11
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
52 = 5 5
= 25
Page 228
Question 12
112 = 11 11
= 121
1112 = 111 111
= 12 321
11112 = 1111 1111
= 1 234 321
b) From the above numbers, the answer counts up from 1 to the number of digits in the base of the
original number and then counts down. For example, for 1112, since there are three digits in 111, the
answer counts up from 1 to 3 and back to 1: 12 321.
Review
Page 228
Question 13
A = s2
A = 302
A = 30 30
A = 900
Page 228
Question 14
A = s2
A = 52
A = 5 5
A = 25
Page 228
Question 15
MHR Chapter 7
405
Review
a)
Page 228
Question 16
4 4 = 16
16 = 4
Try 10.
10 10 = 100
Try 12.
12 12 = 144
Try 13.
13 13 = 169
169 = 13
c)
Too low.
Too low.
Correct.
Use a calculator:
[C] 6.25 [ x ]
2.5
6.25 = 2.5
Review
Page 229
Question 17
Each small square has an area of 9 cm2. The side length is the square root of the area.
3 3 = 9
9 =3
The side length of a small square is 3 cm.
Method 1: Use Side Lengths
Page 229
Question 18
A = s2
A = 302
A = 30 30
A = 900
Page 229
Question 19
MHR Chapter 7
407
Review
Page 229
Question 20
Review
Page 229
Question 21
Try 55.
55 = 5 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5 5
= 125 5 5
= 625 5
= 3125
Try 54.
54 = 5 5 5 5
= 25 5 5
= 125 5
= 625
Too high.
Correct!
Try 55.
[C] 5 [yx] 5 [=]
Try 54.
[C] 5 [yx] 4 [=]
So, 625 = 54.
3125.
625.
Too high.
Correct!
Remember that 10 to the power of a number gives you a 1 followed by that number of zeros. Since one
billion has 9 zeros, you should try 109.
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 109.
109 = 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
= 1 000 000 000
Correct!
Try 109.
[C] 10 [yx] 9 [=] 1000000000.
Correct!
Try 35.
35 = 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3
= 27 3 3
= 81 3
= 243
Correct!
Try 35.
[C] 3 [yx] 5 [=]
243.
Correct!
MHR Chapter 7
409
Review
Page 229
Question 22
Every tripod has 3 legs. Since there are 27 tripods, there are 3 27 = 81 legs.
Since 3 divides evenly into 81, use 3 as a base.
Use systematic trial:
Method 1: Use Paper and Pencil
Try 34.
34 = 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3
= 27 3
= 81
Correct!
So, 81 = 34.
Method 2: Use a Calculator
Try 34.
[C] 3 [yx] 4 [=]
81.
Correct!
So, 81 = 34.
The total number of legs on 27 tripods is 34 legs.
Review
Page 229
Question 23
1024.
1.
c)
Page 229
0.0001
Question 24
900 = 30 .
33 = 3 3 3
= 93
= 27
2 2 2 2 2 = 4 2 2 2
= 8 2 2
= 16 2
= 32
[C] 900 [ x ]
30.
27.
The numbers from least to greatest are: 27 < 29 < 30 < 30.5 < 32.
The original list should be arranged like this: 33 < 29 < 900 < 30.5 < 2 2 2 2 2.
MHR Chapter 7
411
Review
Page 229
Question 25
256.
Page 229
Question 26
Review
Page 229
Question 27
Answers may vary. This answer uses a phone book that is 21.5 cm by 28 cm and a basketball court that is
29 m by 15 m.
Method 1: Use the Areas
Area of one telephone book = l w
= 28 21.5
= 602
4 350 000
602
= 7225.9136...
7226
About 7226 telephone books are needed to cover the basketball court.
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 1 m by 1 m square.
The side length of the square is 1 m.
Change the side length of the square to centimetres.
1 m = 100 cm
Number of telephone books that will fit along each side of the square (using the 21.5 cm width):
100 21.5 = 4.6511...
5
MHR Chapter 7
413
About 5 telephone books placed using their 21.5 cm width will fit along each side of the square.
Number of telephone books that will fit along each side of the square (using the 28 cm length):
100 28 = 3.5714...
3.5
About 3.5 telephone books placed using their 28 cm length will fit along each side of the square. Use 3.5
instead of rounding up to 4 because rounding 3.5714.. to 4 is a large jump and will greatly affect the final
answer.
Number of telephone books inside the square = 5 3.5
= 15.5
Page 229
Question 28
Answers may vary. This answer assumes that a stack of 500 pieces of paper is 5 cm in height.
There are 100 cm in a metre. If you have stacks of 5 cm, then 100 5 = 20 stacks make up a metre.
There are 1000 m in a kilometre. If you have 20 stacks in one metre, then you have 1000 20 = 20 000
stacks in a kilometre.
Since 500 pieces of paper make up a stack, you have 20 000 500 = 10 000 000 sheets of paper in a
kilometre.
Review
Page 229
Question 29
a) Answers may vary. This answer assumes that you receive 5 coins each day in change.
If you receive 5 coins each day in change, then you receive 5 365 = 1825 coins in change in one year
(since there are 365 days in one year).
If it is a leap year, where there is one extra day in the year, you will receive 5 366 = 1830 coins in
change in one year.
b) Answers may vary. This answer assumes that you are equally likely to get all the coins in change.
By measuring across each coin, you should get these measurements:
Penny: 1.9 cm
Nickel: 2.1 cm
Dime: 1.8 cm
Quarter: 2.4 cm
Loonie: 2.6 cm
Toonie: 2.8 cm
By measuring the thickness of each coin, you may estimate that every coin is 0.1 cm thick.
You know from part a) that you receive about 1830 coins in change in one year.
Since there are 6 coins, estimate that you receive 1830 6 = 305 of each type of coin.
Volume of the pennies:
You can assume the volume covered by a penny is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
with a side length of 0.1 cm and a width and height of 1.9 cm.
Approximate volume of one penny = l w h
= 0.1 1.9 1.9
= 0.19 1.9
= 0.361
MHR Chapter 7
415
Volume of quarters:
You can assume the volume covered by a quarter is roughly the same as the area of a rectangular prism
with a side length of 0.1 cm and a width and height of 2.4 cm.
Approximate volume of one quarter = l w h
= 0.1 2.4 2.4
= 0.24 2.4
= 0.576
The total volume of all the coins is approximately 110 964 cm3.
Practice Test
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 1
D in exponential form
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 2
C 6 6 6
Page 230
Question 3
B between 3 cm and 4 cm
Page 230
Question 4
C 114
MHR Chapter 7
417
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 5
A 125
Starting with 1, the base increases by one each term. The base is cubed to get the number in the list.
The next number will have a base of 4 + 1 = 5, and an exponent of 3.
53 = 5 5 5
= 25 5
= 125
Practice Test
a)
Page 230
Question 6
A = s2
A = 72
A = 77
A = 49
A = s2
A = 92
A = 99
A = 81
Practice Test
a)
V
V
V
V
V
Page 230
Question 7
= l3
= 43
= 4 4 4
= 16 4
= 64
= l3
= 83
= 888
= 64 8
= 512
Page 230
Question 8
52 = 5 5
= 25
b) 102 = 10 10
= 100
c)
63 = 6 6 6
= 36 6
= 216
d)
73 = 7 7 7
= 49 7
= 343
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 9
a) 8 8 = 64
64 = 8
b) 20 20 = 400
400 = 20
[C] 1.44 [ x ]
1.2
d) [C] 2.25 [ x ]
1.5
c)
MHR Chapter 7
419
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 10
Page 230
Question 11
a)
29 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 16 2 2 2 2 2
= 32 2 2 2 2
= 64 2 2 2
= 128 2 2
= 256 2
= 512
b)
36 = 3 3 3 3 3 3
= 9 3 3 3 3
= 27 3 3 3
= 81 3 3
= 243 3
= 729
c)
45 = 4 4 4 4 4
= 16 4 4 4
= 64 4 4
= 256 4
= 1024
Practice Test
Page 230
Question 12
6400 = 80 .
26 = 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 4 2 2 2 2
= 8 2 2 2
= 16 2 2
= 32 2
= 64
100.
[C] 6400 [ x ]
80.
64.
The numbers from least to greatest are: 64 < 79.5 < 80 < 81 < 100.
The original list should be arranged like this: 26 < 79.5 < 6400 < 3 3 3 3 < 102.
MHR Chapter 7
421
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 13
Starting with the first diagram, every following diagram increases the
number of small cubes by two. The 5th diagram will have 7 + 2 = 9
small cubes.
V
V
V
V
V
= l3
= 23
= 2 2 2
= 4 2
=8
Page 231
Question 14
Too high.
Correct!
361 = 19
Page 231
Question 15
Page 231
Question 16
There are 100 pennies in one dollar. There are 100 100 = 10 000 pennies in $100.
100 100 = 1002.
There are 1002 pennies in $100.
Practice Test
Page 231
Question 17
A=lw
A = 400 300
A = 120 000
Page 231
Question 18
81.
9801.
998001.
99980001.
MHR Chapter 7
423
b) Look at the answers from part a). Starting with 81, every following answer adds a 9 to the beginning of
the number and a 0 before the final 1 in the number.
Page 231
Question 19
a) Answers may vary. You would need to find out the distance from Earth to the Moon. You would need
to estimate your average walking speed, and how many hours of the day you would be walking. Once
you estimate your average walking speed, you could calculate how far you would walk in one day, and
then multiply by 7 to find out how far you could walk in one week, then multiply by 4 to find out how
far you could walk in one month, and then multiply by 12 to find out how far you could walk in one
year. Then, divide the total distance from Earth to the Moon by this number to find out the number of
years it would take to walk to the moon.
b) Answers may vary.
You would need to find out the dimensions (size) of the cell phone and the backpack.
Method 1: Use the Areas
You can think of the cell phone as a rectangular prism and the backpack as a cube. Calculate the
approximate volume of the cell phone and the backpack. Divide the volume of the backpack by the
volume of a cell phone to find the number of cell phones that will fit in a backpack.
Method 2: Solve a Simpler Problem
Use a 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube and calculate the number of cell phones that would fit along each side
of the cube. Use these answers to calculate the number of cell phones that will fit inside the cube. Find
the volume of the backpack and multiply the number of cell phones inside the 1 m by 1 m by 1 m cube
by the volume of the backpack to find the number of cell phones that will fit in the backpack.
c)
Answers may vary. You would need to find out the number of students in your school. You would
need to estimate the average number of soft drinks a student drinks in a day. Then, multiply by 7 to
find out how many soft drinks are consumed in one week. Multiply by 4 to find out how many soft
drinks are consumed in one month. Then, multiply by 12 to find out how many soft drinks are
consumed in one year. Multiply this answer by the number of students to find out the total number of
litres of soft drinks consumed in one year.