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Efek Panas Termodinamika
Efek Panas Termodinamika
Efek Panas Termodinamika
PANAS SENSIBEL
Review:
Kapasitas panas = besar panas yg ditransfer dibagi
perubahan suhu=dQ/dT
Dari Hk. I, pada keadaan volume tetap:
Q = U + P.dV = U + 0 = U
Cv = dQ/dT =dU/dT ......dQ=dU=Cv dT
T2
Q U CvdT
T1
T2
Q H C4P dT
T1
C
2
2
A BT CT DT
R
C
R
C Pig
1
R
C Pig
for T in C.
Solution:
The relation between the two temperature scales is:
T K = t0C + 273.15
Therefore, as a function of
C Pig
2
1.702 9.08110 3 t 273.15 2.164 10 6 t 273.15
R
or
C Pig
4.021 7.899 10 3 t 2.164 10 6 t 2
R
Q H CP dT
T0
T0
B 2
C 3
D D
2
3
CpdT A T T0 T T0 T T0 R
2
3
T T0
Bila:
maka:
T0
T0
T
T0
B 2 2
C 3 3
D 1
CpdT [ AT0 1 T0 1 T0 1
]R
2
3
T0
B 2 2
C 3 3
D 1
CP dT { AT0 1 T0 1 T0 1
}R....(1)
2
3
T0 7
A = 1.702
B = 9.081 103
C = 2.164 106
D=0
T1 = 260C = 533,15 K
T2 = 600C = 873,15 K
T2
T2
ig
P
C
Q H R
dT
R
T1
T2
H CP dT
T1
R A BT CT 2
T1
B 2 C 3 2
dT R AT T T
2
3
T1
B 2
C 3
R A T2 T1
T2 T12
T2 T13
2
3
9,081 10 3
2,164 10 6
3
3
= 19.778 J/mol
A = 3.578
B = 3.02 103
C=0
D = 0.186 105
T2
Q H R
T1
ig
CP
T2
dT
Q H CP dT
T1
2
B
D
D
2
R A BT 2 dT R AT T
2
T T1
T
T1
T2
1 1
B 2
2
R A T2 T1 T2 T1 D
2
T2 T1
3.02 103 2
T2 533.152
2
1
0.186 10
T 533.15
10
1.51103 T22 3.578 T2
6848.259 0
T2
atau f(T2) = 0
Persamaan di atas dpt diselesaikan dengan bbg cara:
1. coba-coba bebas
2. cara iterasi: subtitusi berurut, Newton-Raphson, dll
3. Software: Matlab, matchcad, excel
4. dll
T2
f(T2)
1000
-1.741,66
900
-2.384,29
1200
-364,76
1250
-1,50
1250.2
-0.04
*Subtitusi berurut:
5
1
0,186 10
3 2
1,5110 T2
T2
6.848,259
3,578
T2
Jadi T2 = 1250,2 K
Latihan
Tentukan jumlah panas yang diperlukan untuk
memanaskan 10 mol SO2 dari suhu 200C ke
1100C pada kondisi tekanan atmosferis
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JAWAB:
T2
ig
CP
Q H R
dT
T1 R
T2
Q H CP dT
T1
T2
T2
B 2 D
D
R A BT 2 dT R AT T
T
2
T T1
T1
1
B 2
1
2
R A T2 T1
T2 T1 D
2
T2 T1
080110 3
8314 5699 137315 47315
13732 473152
2
-(-1.015 x 10^5)[1/1373.15 1/473.15]} = 47.007 kJ/mol
1. Clapeyron equation:
dP sat
H TV
dT
where for a pure species at:
temperature T,
H = latent heat,
V = volume change accompanying the phase change,
Psat = vapor pressure ..... (whats this?)
RTn
10
H n 1.092ln Pc 1.013
RTn
0.930 Trn
Example 4.4
Given that the latent heat of vaporization of water at 1000C is
2,257 J g-1, estimate the latent heat at 300C. Tc water=647.1K,
Pc=228.6 Bar
Solution 4.4
Let H1 = latent heat at 1000C = 2.257 Jg -1
H2= latent heat at 3000C
Tr1 =373.15/647.1 =0.577
H 2
Tr2 =573.15/647.1 = 0.886
1 Tr2
H 1 1 Tr1
1 0.577
0.38
2,257 0.270
0.38
1,371Jg 1
The value given in the steam tables is 1,406 Jg-1. (see page 666)
0.38
Untuk reaksi:
a A + b B lL + m M
H298
46.110 J
N2 3H2 2NH3
H298
92.220 J
CO (g) :
H2O(g) :
H2(g)
Hf298 0 J
298
H298
110.525 J / mol
298
393.509 J / mol
241.818 J / mol
H
298 41.166 J / mol
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)
Catt: panas pembentukan standar dpt dilihat di Table C.4 of App. C (page
637)
Example 4.5
Calculate the standard heat at 25C for the following reaction :
Solution 4.5
Standard heats of formation at 298.15 K from Table C.4 are :
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H298=(2)(-241,818)
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H
C(s) + O2(g) CO2 (g)
298 393.509 J mol
H
CH4O(g) + 1O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
298 638.200 J mol
C4 H10 g
4CO2 g
0
H 298
4 393.509
1
5H 2 g 2 O 2 g
2
5H 2Ol
0
H 298
5 285.830
4CO 2 g 5H 2Ol
1
C4 H10 g 6 O 2 g
2
C4 H10 g
0
H 298
2877.396
-125.79
0
H 298
... ?
PR
Soal mulai hal 140 Smith Van Ness (6 ed)
Problem 4.3; 4.4; 4.26
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