M HILL CI TIN V NG DNG TRONG BO V SAO CHP PHN

MM

Tm tt: bo v phn mm khi ngi dng tri php,

kha ng k thng xuyn c s dng trong lnh vc quyn
iu khin. Trong s bo mt ca mt h thng, vn thit kt
1 thut ton mnh m l rt quan trng. Chng ti xut 1
m hill ci tin da trn bin M un v Bng ch ci i s
bo v sao chp phn mm, n s dng ma trn ng cho. T
khi cc M un khng phi l mt s c nh v cc bng ch ci
i s ph thuc vo 1 lot cc la chn th cc thut ton rt
kh b k tn cng ph v. Tt c nhng s la chn cc m un,
bng ch ci i s v kha ma trn da trn my vn tay ca
ngi mua. Kt qu thc nghim cho tt c tnh hu dng v bo
mt ca chng trnh c xut trn.
I.

GII THIU

Bo v sao chp phn mm my tnh bt u 1 cuc chin

lu di gia nh sn xut phn mm v cc cracker. Nhng lp
trnh vin v ang nh bi vic bo v sao chp phn mm
nh mt th vui, thm b danh ca h vo tiu mn hnh, sau
tung cc sn phm c crack ny ln network BBSes
hoc cc trang web chuyn cung cp cc sn phm sao chp ny.
bo v nhng phn mm khi ngi dng tri php, nhiu
chng trnh my tnh s dng kha ng k c to bi 1
dng m ha nht nh. Ngc li, n c gii m bng cc
phng php gii m tng ng. Chng ti xut mt
chng trnh bo v bn sao da trn 1 dng m Hill ci tin.
Thut ton ca chng ti ch yu gii quyt vi nhiu bng m
Hill, ma trn ng cho v nghch o, th hin thng ip bng
bn m v bn r, v s dng my vn tay.
M Hill c pht minh vo nm 1929 v c s dng trong
b my mt m bi Lester S.Hill nm 1931. l mt
POLYGRAM ni ting v thut ton m ha c in da trn ma
trn bin i. M Hill l mt dng m khi c nhiu im nh
ngy trang tn s th ca bn r. iu ny n gin v ta s dng
php nhn v nghch o ma trn m ha v gii m, n cng
cho tc v thng lng cao, nhng d b ph hoi khi bit bn
r tn cng.
N lc gn y ci tin m Hill ch yu nh sau:

Vo nm 2000, Shahrokh Saeedina xut mt chng

trnh s dng s hon v ngu nhin gia cc ct v hng
ca mt ma trn to thnh 1 kha khc cho mi d liu
m ha.
Vo nm 2004, khc phc nhng nhc im ca chng
trnh Saeednia, mt h thng mt m an ton hn bng
hm bm 1 chiu c xut bi Lin v cc cng s.
Vo nm 2005, Overbey v cc cng s phn tch nh
hng ca s thay i chiu v M un vo th t ca cc
phm keyspace.
Ismail v cc cng s xut mt chng trnh m ha
nh mu xm trong bng ch ci 256 k t.
Vo nm 2008, Rangle-Romero v cc cng s tuyn b
rng cc phng php trc vn c nhng l hng bo
mt nghim trng. Cc im yu c bn ging nh nhng l
hng c tm thy thut ton m Hill gc.
Vo nm 2011, Toorani v Falahati c gng gii thiu mt
h thng mt m an ton, l 1 bin th ca m Hill
Affine, h thng ny qua tt c cc hn ch v vn bo
mt trc y.
Vo nm 2013, Liam v Anthony pht hin ra cc l hng
phin bn ca Toorani v Falahati.
Cha ht, vo nm 2012, Krishna v Madhuravani
xut mt m hill sa i bng cc s dng cc phng php
ngu nhin m cho n nay vn m bo tnh bo mt.

Cc ma trn ng cho hu ch trong nhiu lnh vc l

thuyt khc nhau, c bit l ng dng trong cc lnh vc nh
phn tch s, a thc trc giao, k thut, h thng phn tch,
k thut vin thng, h thng nhn dng, x l tn hiu, cc
chc nng c bit, phng trnh vi phn tng phn v i s
tuyn tnh t nhin. Trong nhiu lnh vc, ma trn ng cho
nghch o rt cn thit. C mt s cng trnh nghin cu gn
y nhm tnh ton cc ma trn nghch o . tng chung
ca cc nghin cu nhm xc nh nhn t
trn ng cho T
trong ,

LU

v cng thc tnh nghch o ca

L l tam gic thp hn,

ca ma
L v U ,

l tam gic cao hn.

V d: trong 1 nghin cu [15], ma trn ng cho:

 t11 t12

t21 t22

T 0 O

M O
0 L

t23

O
0

O
tn, n 1

M
0

tn 1,n
tn ,n

C th c biu th bi T =L1 U 1=L2 U 2

Trong :

l21
L1 0

M
0

u11
0

U1 M

M
0

u12
u22
O
L

0 L
1 O
l23 1
O O
L
0
0
u23
O
O
L

L
O
O
O
0

L
O
O
ln, n 1
0
M

un 1, n
un , n

l11

l21
L2 0

M
0

0 L
L
0

l22 O
M
l32 l33 O
M

O O O
0
L
0 ln ,n 1 ln ,n

0
1

0
U2 M

M
0

u12

1
O

u23 O
O O

O
L

O
0

M
0

un 1,n
1

l c th.
Trong cng vic, ta lm iu theo hng ngc li: Ta xy
dng nghch o ca
1

L vU

L v U

t my qut vn tay thu c

1 cch d dng. Hn th na, ta cng d dng c c

T t L v U 1 , T 1 t L1 v U1 . Ta s dng nhng ti sn ny trong mt

m hc ca chng ta.
My qut vn tay ca mt my tnh l 1 nhm d liu phn
cng cho php cc phn mm phn bit my mc t nhng th
khc. Mt du vn tay nh th l duy nht v tamperproof . Theo
Monteiro v Erbacher th s dng thc t cho thy: The hard disk
serial ID c m ha bi nh sn xut l tham s duy nht thc s
c th phn bit c 1 h thng t nhng th khc. The hard drive
serial IDs c gn cho mi phn vng trn cng v c coi l
mt tham s khc. Mc d vy, IDs c th b thay i khi a c
nh dng li. Tham s khc chnh l CPU ID. Mt hot ng ca ng
dng trong cc h thng phng th nghim cho thy rng tt c cc
CPU IDs c my tnh ra lnh phn ln u ging nhau. a ch iu
khin truy cp phng tin truyn thng ca Ethernet Adapter
khng c coi l mt thng s tim nng do ch cn 1 ngi c hiu
bit, c kin thc v my tnh l c th thay i v gi mo a ch
truy cp truyn thng. Kha c s dng trong trng hp ny l
the hard disk serial ID. iu ny c xc nh v xc nhn l duy
nht. V th, the hard disk serial ID l la chn tt nht lm
kha cho m ha v gii m. The hard disk serial ID c th c
sng nh 1 my vn tay.
ng gp chnh ca chng ti l:
(1). M Hill c tng cng bi cc cng c dng m un v bng
ch ci i s.
(2) Kha ca m c to bi ma trn nghch o thay i ng t
my vn tay

(3) Chng ti s dng cc chng trnh s dng c xut trong

lnh vc sao chp bo v phn mm.

Cc phn cn li:
II.Gii thiu ngn gn m Hill v 1 vi s pht trin
III.Gii thiu s ci thin
IV. Thut ton to kha v xc thc kha
V. Kt qu thc nghim v phn tch
VI. Kt lun

II.
M HILL V S BIN I
A. tng m Hill gc
Vi A={a0 , a1 , , a25 } biu th hon v bt k ca cc ch ci
trong bng ch ci ting anh v chng kt hp cc k t
ai

vi s nguyn i . Chng ta xc nh hot ng ca cc

php cng v php nhn trong bng ch ci nh sau:

ai a j =ar , vi r=i+ j mod 26

ai e a j at

vi

t=ij mod 26

Trong thc t, chng ta xc nh nh x:

: A / 26, ai i

Vi :

/ 26 i | i , i j 26 | i j

L vng s nguyn mod 26.

A v

/ 26, i.e., : A / 26

l mt isomorphism gia

. Bng ch ci bi-operation l mt

vng Albel vi zero letter a0 v unit letter a1 . c bit, vi

ai=i, i=0,1, , 25.
n n
Chn 1 ma trn nghch o T A

hn A. M ha thng ip

trong mt khi. Gi s Alice v Bob c cng Bi-operation

alphabet v ma trn T.
Alice mun gi thng ip

x1 , x2, , xn

bo mt n Bob. B y

t cc thng ip (bn r) ca n k t trong 1 khng gian n

vector

X A n 1

m ha. Tnh:

Y =TX

Sau gi
m y bng:

(bn m) ti Bob. Bob nhn

TX=Y

Kt qu, Bob thu c bn r.

B. Chng trnh ca Krishna v Madhuravani

Y , gii m bn

Chng trnh c trch dn t ti liu [12] nh sau:

Xt bn r sao cho PT nh sau:

[ KA ][ PT ][ KB1 ] mod n= to bn m
Xt KA, KA-1 l kha b mt v kha cng khai ca A, KB; KB-1
l kha b mt v kha cng khai ca B. V KS l kha phin
c chia s 1 cch an ton gia cc thnh vin A v B. n l
mt s nguyn t ln c xem xt phng trnh v phn
tch mt m tn cng trn n.
Bn m khng c chuyn trc tip m c chuyn i
thnh nhiu bn m khc. Cc thut ton s dng mt kha
phin (KS), kha phin c chia s gia A v B. m bo
tnh bo mt cho vic chia s kha phin KS, kha phin c
nhn vi KB-1 c KSC

|KS||KB1|=KSC
Ti B, KSC c nhn vi KB thu li KS:

|KSC||KB|=KS
Mt Quinary vector c coi l thng s ton cu. Quinary
vector c nhn vi kha phin KS to ra mt chui.
Chui ny c chia thnh cc vng nh bng s k t ca
bng ch ci.
V d chng ta xt 26 k t ca bng ch ci Ting Anh. Chui
c chia thnh 26 vng, mi k t ting Anh c nh x ti
gi tr ngu nhin t gi tr ca cc vng tng ng. Do ,
nhiu bn m c hnh thnh cho mi u ra t m Hill.
Phng php to ra cc vng:
Xt mt quinary vector, mt thng s ton cu: Xt 1 ma
trn circulant KS. Miu t ma trn circulant ph hp
vi kch thc ca quinary vector. Nhn quinary vector vi
ma trn circulant v tnh m un ca sn phm vi 29 v
mt chui c pht ra. Chui ny c chia thnh cc vng
c gi tr tng ng nhau, bng s k t ca bng ch ci
c xt. Bt k gi tr no ca 1 vng u l ngu nhin v
c nh x vi k t ca bn m c pht ra t m Hill.
III.

xut chng trnh

Chng trnh trc thuc v m Hill n bng. Chng ta ang c

gng pht trin 1 m Hill a bng v s dng chng trong cc
chng trnh ca chng ta.
Trong h thng my tnh, 1 byte k t
ng t 0 n 0xFF.
ng t 0 n 0xF.
Assembler tng ng vi

c gi tr ASCII dao

c=0 x 10 c 1+ c 2 , trong

AX , AH , AL

c 1 v c 2

dao

trong h thng ngn ng

c , c1 , c 2 . thun tin ta b 0x trc

1 s hex. Theo cch ny, thng tin c th c th hin bng 16

s hex.
V d: ta biu th t Hello bng 48656C6C6F Vi nhng t
khc, d liu my tnh c th biu th bi cc chui. Mt chui c
th c c k t v hex.
Ph lc A ch ra bin c c chuyn t 1 chui gia 2 kiu.
Hexize chuyn k t thnh dng hex. Ngc li, Charize chuyn
m hex thnh k t.

TB16 {0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9, A, B, C , D, E , F }

t
l bng 16 yu t u. Thc
t y l bng ch ci 16 k t. Tip theo ta m rng bng ch ci:
T B17=T B16 { z }
T B19=T B17 {G , H }
T B23=T B19 { I , J , K , L }
T B23=T B19 {z }
T B29=T B23 { M , N , O , P , Q , R }
T B31=T B29 { S ,T , U }
T B37=T B31 { V , W , X ,Y , Z }
T B41=T B37 {a , b , c , d }

Ta thu c bng ch ci lin tc ca 17,19,23,29,31,37 v 41.

T Bp

Tip theo ta trn mi

P pk . Bng

vi hon v ngu nhin

cch ny, ta c th xc nh by nhiu ci ta mun bng ch ci

i s khc nhau ca m Hill.
P pk ( T B p ) , p=17,19,23,29,31,37,41 ;
k =0,1,

Thc

t,

17 !+19 !+23 !+ 29! +31!+ 37 !+41 ! 3.35 10

th
49

. Ngoi ra,

ti

P pk (T B p) Z / p=F p

(s nguyn t hu hn).
Trong thc t,

Fp

c th c nhiu la chn

P pk ( T B p )

p=43,47,53,69,61

vn kh dng. Bin modulo ny v lc bng

ch ci i s k vng s c an ton trong mt h thng ng k
phn mm. Trong h thng ca mnh, chng ta s dng ma trn
ng cho bin i ng m ct li l m Hill ci tin.
Gi s Alice v Bob chia s cng 1 b
s thuc

P pk ( T B p ) s b mt,

P pk ( T B p ) s , h ng tnh cng 1 cch chn

P pk ( T B p ) .

Alice mun gi ma trn

n m

X T B 16

ti Bob m bo tnh bo mt, h

c th s dng cch nh sau:

Bc 1: Bob gi 1 chui bt k

s s0 s0 ...s , t t0t1...t

Bc 2: Alice tnh:

si mod
i 0

(1)
th

Bc 3: Alice nh v

P pk (T B p )

, xc nh

Bc 4: Alice xy dng ma trn T,

Vi:

1,i= j
0, i< j i> j+1
a+b mod p ,i=J =1

j n i 1

a 8

Vi

(2)

s , b t
3|( 1)

Nu li+1,i=0 , t thay th li+1,i vi i+ 1 ,

uij =

0, i> j i < j+1

a+b mod p , i= j
c+ d +e mod p , i= j +1
j n i 1

a 8

Vi

(3)

s , b t
3|

s dng s ,t .

T =LU

l ij =

ti Alice

j n i 1

c 2

j n i 1

d 3
,

e
,

3|( 2)

Nu uij =0, ta thay th uij vi i+ 1,

Nu ui ,i +1=0 , ta thay ui ,i +1 vi i+ 1 ,
Alice tnh

=( ij )

theo ct t

v vn cn

ij s

11

c cng kch thc vi X, sau nh gi tr

nm

vi

, vi

in gi tr, ta t li

=0,1, ,

, s dng

. Nu
t

, sau

th
tnh Y =TX + trong P pk (T B p ) .

Bc 5: Alice gi Y
Bc 6: Bob tnh

n Bob
s dng cng thc (1), xc nh

th

P pk (T B p )

Bc 7: Bob tnh

L ,U ,

tng t nh cch Alice lm bc 4.

Bc 8: Bob tnh

L1 , U 1 v T 1 =L1 U 1

Bc 9: Bob tnh

X =T 1 (Y )

Kt qu, Bob thu c bn r.

Lc ny c th x l tt c cc thng tin k thut s ca 1
h thng m tnh. N l 1 trng hp h thng nhy cm. Mt bn r
ch s dng 16 ch ci trong

T B16 , mt thut ton m ha c th

dng dng ch hoa behide F v cc ch thp hn. Nu c

khong trng tha trong ct cui cng ca X, ta in z biu
th s kt thc ca bn r. V bn r ch s dng t 0 n F nn cc
ui tha c th d dng ct i. V ta s dng nhiu bng trong lc
nn ta c th gi n l 1 multi-table one.
IV. H thng ng k
HTK bao gm m ha v gii m. M ha c thc hin
trong cc chng trnh ca ngi bn cn gii m c thc hin
trong cc chng trnh ca ngi mua.

C hai chng trnh thng nht v cc im

1) Cng

P pk ( T B p ) s

2) Cng quy tc chn

P pk ( T B p )

3) Cng phng php tnh , L ,U v T

4) C cng gi tr b nhng, c th l P R O F E S S I O N A L,
B A S I C V E R, E N H A N C E D, vn vn
Cc gi tr nh vy c s dng bi 1 chui ps iu
khin s cho php. Nhng gi tr ny ngi mua hon ton
ko bit.
5) Cng kch thc ca n v ma trn T
c im ch c chng trnh ca ngi mua:
1) Cc bc thu thp, xc nhn my vn tay v tn ca
ngi mua.
2) Cc bc gii m v xc nhn kha ng k
3) Cc bc chuyn mt chui t hex sang dng k t (xem
charize Appendix A)
- c im ch c chng trnh ca ngi bn:
1
1
1
1 1
1) Cc bc tnh L , U v T =L U
2) Cc bc to mt kha ng k
3) Cc bc chuyn 1 chui t dng k t sang hex (xem
hexize Appendix A).
A. To kha ng k
-

Ngi mua xc nhn my vn tay

v tn ngi s hu

qua mng hoc tunnel khc.Ngi mua s dng

ng k reg
u vo:

(m ha).

s s0 s1...s , t t0t1...t

u ra: reg (like

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Thut ton ( nh hnh 1)

s ,t

ta kha

X =T 1 (Y )

Tnh
Nhn

s ,t

trong

P pk (T B p) . Ly cc ct t

t ngi

mua

to thnh mt

chui
ENCRYPTION

To cc
ma trn

Chn

Chuyn

P pk (T B p)

ps
sang

in ma trn

M ha
trong trng
hu hn
bng

AH , AL

T ,

ng t
my vn
tay, tn
ngi
mua

ng t
my vn
tay, tn
ngi mua

T B17=T B16 U { z } , T B 19=T B17 U { G , H }

T B16={0,,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, A , B , C , D , E , F

T B41=T B37 U { a , b , c , d } .

HNH 1: To kha ng k
ps

Bc 1: Chuyn
Bc 2: Tnh
ps

t dng k t sang hex s dng bin

r=l mod n , vi 0 r n ,m=(lr)/n , vi

hexize

l di ca

trong dng hex.

Bc 3: Nu r >0, ta tng m ln 1.
Y n m , in Y bng cc ct t

Bc 4: To mt ma trn
y 11 n y nm

s dng

ps

dng hex. Nu

th in cc phn t cn li ca Y
Bc 5: Chn

P pk (T B p)

Bc 6: Tnh ma trn

theo s
L

thc (3) theo s ,t , sau tnh

ps

gp kt thc ca n,

bng k t z s
v cng thc (1), xc nh

bng cng thc (2),

L1 vU 1 .

bng cng

Bc 7: to mt ma trn
n

nm

vi

cn

, in

bng cc ct t

11

bng cch tng t nh cch c nhc n Bc 4

=t v mod p , a P pk ( T B p ) , =0,1, , .

phn trc. vi

ij s

nm

in gi tr, sau t li

Bc 8: Tnh

=0

Nu
t

, s dng

v vn

X =T 1 (Y )

Bc 9: to mt kha ng k

reg

nh

xxxxxxxxxxxx

x 11 n x nm

Bc 10: gi reg n ngi mua.

B. Xc thc kha ng k
Ngi mua nhn kha ng k t ngi bn qua mng
hoc tunnel khc. Chng trnh xc thc (gii m) thu thp
my du vn tay ni b
t , kha ng k

v yu cu ngi mua in vo tn

reg .

vo:

s s0 s1...s , t t0t1...t

reg

nh

sau

xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx

u ra: True / False

Thut ton (nh hnh 2)

T B17=T B16 U { z } , T B 19=T B17 U { G , H }

1 chui

ps '

Y ,

cui c b qua.

T B41=T B37 U { a , b , c , d } .

Nu

p s ' =ps , xc thc thnh

DECRYPTIO
N

Chn ng
P pk (T B p) ng
t my vn tay,
tn ngi mua

To cc
ma trn
T ,
ng t
my vn
tay, tn
ngi

To

' z' s

ps '

Chuyn

t Y.
ps '

thnh dng k

To ma trn

Tnh trong cng 1

bng cc ct t

P pk (T B p)

nh ngi bn s dng

reg=xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Y =TX +

c cho bi ngi bn

Hnh 2: Xc thc kha ng k

Bc 1: chn

P pk ( T B p )

Bc 2: Tnh

m=lr /n , vi

theo s , xc nh
l

l di ca

reg

ngoi

tr - s
reg

Bc 3: a yu t t

nh

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

ngoi tr - . Mi yu t u c chn trong

X n m , in

Bc 4: to 1 ma trn
x 11 n x nm , s dng

P pk (T B p)

bng cc ct t

reg

L ,U theo s ,t
n m , in , in
Bc 6: To mt ma trn

Bc 5: Tnh cc ma trn

cc ct t

11

nm

vi

trong bc 4 phn trc, vi

Nu

v vn cn

ij s

bng

tng t nh cch c nhc

=t v mod p , a P pk ( T B p ) , =0,1, , .

in gi tr, sau t li

=0

, s dng t .
Bc 7: Tnh Y =TX +
Bc 8: a yu t t
to 1 chui

bng cc ct t

ps '

Bc 9: Ct

ps '

bng cch b ' z ' s cui.

y 11 n y nm

Bc 10: Chuyn

ps '

t dng hex thnh dng k t s

ps '

vi nhng

dng bin charize

Bc 11: So snh

ps .

V. Kt qu v phn tch th nghim

t
nh sau:

n=6 . Gi s ta c 8

P pk ( T B p ) s

biu th trong ngn ng C

Staticchar * alphabet[ ] = {
152B6E3z74FA09CD8,
BHEz5629748CG0AFD13,
4F6B1AG2C57D8JKIL930zEH,
37RN6E5Q4FAKM0D9zBJ821PHICGLO,
HCNIMO2PRJ1zG9KA5QD80TBS4FE67L3,
COS16MkbXY0DPQ2cz9Bra8GZN5E43JV7AUFWLTIdH,
dFNeCEYP6BzRSZIAVacbfOHJU8G097K3LT4M15XD2WQ,
V4WK6FEeafIaTh0LGzjBRSb8NPOZ5JCUD3HgMdA7Q9liY2
Xc
};

Trong danh sch treen, mi chui k t biu th cho 1 trng

hu hn.
V d:
Trong

T B17= 152B6E3z74FA09CD8
,
P17,0

Ta c =0, p=0,a 0=1, a1=5, a2=2, , a 16=8 , vi 1 l

Trong khi

zero

v 5 l one .

P31,0 ( T B 31) = HCNIMO2PRJ1zG9KA5QD80TBS4FE67L3

Ta c =4, p=31, a0=H , a1=C , a2=N , , a30=3 , vi

zero

one .

N c v l, nhng n thc s hu dng trong bo mt thng tin.

Hn na, gi tr c th ca

ps

c k hiu l :

Staticchar * ps[ ]= {
PROFESSIONAL,
ENHANCEDVER,
BASICVER,
};

Ta c:
ps [ 0 ] = PROFESSIONAL

ps [ 1 ]=ENHANCEDVER ,
ps [ 2 ] =BASICVER ,

Sau chng ta lm cc th nghim.

A. To kha ng k
u vo:
s=WDWCANM 3731152 ,
t=bethoven ,

ps=PROFESSIONAL ,

u ra:
reg=56 MMHPNKKPNOHTLLS 0O 6 zS 93 ,

Thut ton:
Bc 1: Chuyn

ps :

PROFESSIONAL

hexize 50524 F 46455353494 F 4E414 C

T dng k t thnh hex one s dng hng

hexize

Bc 2: Tnh
r=24 mod 6=0, m=(240)/6=4 ;

Bc 3: r =0 m nh c.
Y 6 4 , in Y bng cc ct t

Bc 4: to 1 ma trn
y 11 n y nm

4
6

2
4

s dng

ps

ca dng hex nh sau:

3 E
4 4

9 1
4 4

F C

Bc 5: Chn

P31,0 (T B31)

theo

s=WDWCANM 3731152,

xc nh

p=31

Bc
1

6:

Tnh

cc

L ,U , L , U theo s=WDWCANM 3731152, t=bethoven ,

H
H

H
H

H
H

ma

trn

H
H
U
H
H

H
C

N
H
H
H
H

N
I
H
H
H

H
I
M
H
H

H
H
M
O
H

F
4

A
5

T
1

S
R

F
2

H
H

L1

U 1

H
H

H
O

H
H

H
H

E
O

E
O

T 1=U1 L1 ,

I
Q

K
P

S
R

H
H

7
K

Bc 7: Tnh ma trn

E
O

E
O

theo t ,

z
D

Bc 8: Tnh

X =T (Y )

M
H

z
D

F
R

6
z

S
9

Bc 9: thu c

reg=56 MMHPNKKPNOHLTTS 0O 6 zS 93

t X

Bc 10: Gi reg n ngi mua.

B. Xc thc kha ng k
u vo:
s=WDWCANM 3731152, t=Bethoven , ps=PROFESSIONAL,

reg=56 MMHPNKKPNOHLTTS 0O 6 zS 93

u ra: True / False

Thut ton:

Bc 1: Chn

P31,0 (T B31)

theo

s=WDWCANM 3731152,

xc nh

p=31

r=24 mod 6=0, m=(240)/6=4 , vi 24 l di ca

Bc 2: tnh
reg tr

' ' s;

Bc 3: a yu t t
trong

reg

x 11 n x nm s dng

N
K

H
L

M
H

H
H

bng cc ct t

6
z

S
9

X n m , in

reg

Bc 5: Tnh ma trn
,

'' s . Mi yu t u c chn

P31,0 (T B31) ;

Bc 4: to 1 ma trn

tr

L ,U

H
H

H
H

theo

s=WDWCANM 3731152, t=Bethoven

H
H

C
H

I
M

N
P

H
I

H
H

H
H

H
H

H
O

H
H

H
O

Bc 6: tnh ma trn

R
Q
M

D
F
R

z
D

R
S
z

Q
M
R

R
S

z
D

F
R

Bc 7: Tnh Y =TX + theo t ,

2
4

3 F

E
4

1
4

Bc 8: a yu t t

bng cc ct t

y 11 n y nm to mt

ps ' ;

chui

Bc 9: Ct ps ' bng cch b

ny, ta khng cn phi b g ht.
Bc 10: Chuyn

' z'

cui. Trong trng hp

p s' :

50524 F 46455353494 F 4E414 C

charize PROFESSIONAL

T dng hex sang dng k t one s dng bin

Bc 11: So snh ps '
so snh thnh cng.

vi nhng

charize ;

ps . Trong trng hp ny, vic

C. Phn tch lc bo v sao chp phn mm

Trong chng III,
1

X =T (Y )

Y =TX +

l cng thc m ha, khi

l gii m mt. Mc d vy, trong ng dng ca

bo v sao chp phn mm (chng IV v V), cng thc c trao

i trong c 2 thut ton v mc ch an ton. Cc th tc T
ch cn

L v U , nhng one cho

T 1

cn

L ,U , L1 v U1 .

Cng

thc Y =TX + dn n s cn thit ti thiu kt qu trung bnh

ng k. Lc bo v ny l hp l.
Trong lc ca m hill bnh thng, ch c duy nht mt
bng v mt modulus c nh. Trong lc ca chng ta th c
a bng v modulus hay thay i. Mc d vy, m hill ci tin
bng cc phng php ca chng ta s dng cc bin v bng
ch ci i s. Vic s dng my vn tay gy kh khn cho nhng

ngi dng tri php, nhng ngi c th thu c kha ng k

t 1 ngi dng ng k s dng phn mm. Lc ny
ngn chn vic mt ngi mua hp php chia s kha ng k vi
mt ngi dng tri php, v my vn tay l duy nht, gi mo
bng chng v xc thc chng trnh ly ID cng trc tip t
my.
Nhiu kt qua thc nghim theer hin rng lc ny l thc
t (xem Appendix B).

IV. Kt lun v tng lai cng vic

Chng ta s dng ma trn ng cho bin i ng t my
vn tay v tn ngi dng trong m Hill ci tin. Bin moduluss v
bng ch ci lm cho thut ton m ha an ton hn. Chng ta s
dng m hill mi ny bo v vic sao chp phn mm. Vic m
ha ph thuc vo to ma trn bin i ng t my vn tay v tn
ngi mua. Nh vy, vic m ha kha l khc nhau trn cc my
tnh khc nhau. Vic ny ngn chn nhng ngi dng hp php ny
chia s kha ng k vi nhng ngi dng tri php khc. Mi quan
h gia nhng thng tin c gi bi ngi mua v kha ng k
khng phi l bn r v bn m. Chng trnh ny nh la k xu,
nhng k mun nh cp kha ng k. Kt qu thc nghim v
phn tch th nghim cho thy cc thut ton l kh thi v an ton.
Chng ta xem xt s kt hp Phng php ca Krishna v
Madhuravani vi chng trnh a bng thu c kt qu tt hn
trong tng lai.

LI CM N